JP6367493B2 - 機械的及び流体力学的マイクロ流体形質移入の方法ならびにそのための装置 - Google Patents
機械的及び流体力学的マイクロ流体形質移入の方法ならびにそのための装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年1月7日に出願された「Continouos Delivery Technique」という名称の豪州仮出願第2015900021号に対する優先権を主張し、その主題全体を参照により本明細書に援用する。
液体に懸濁させた細胞及び外因性物質が通って流れるように構成された寸法の少なくとも部分的に密閉されたチャネル;ならびに
チャネル内の1つ以上のフローダイバータ;
を含み、フローダイバータがフローダイバータのすぐ下流に少なくとも1つの圧力が低下した領域をもたらすデバイスを提供する。
緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)を発現するpcDNA 3.1(Invitrogen(商標))を細胞モデルに形質移入することによって、本発明の方法及びデバイスを評価した。用いたデバイスは柱のアレイを備えた構成のマイクロ流体デバイスであり、柱の間の間隙は細胞直径よりも大きかった。
シミュレーション及び解析
表1に示すパラメータ及び図1に示すデバイス形状について、有限体積法での数値流体力学(CFD)によるシミュレーションを用いて柱の間の間隙周辺の微小環境を調べた。図1は本発明に従うデバイスのユニット形状の概観を示しており、入口において速度(Q)の液体が液体に懸濁した直径(dc)の細胞とともに密閉チャネルに入り、ここで、dcは間隙幅(g)未満である。他の変数は柱直径(dp)、チャネル幅(w)及びチャネル高さ(h)を表す。解析目的で入口長さを100μm、出口長さを1000μmとしてSolidWorksで三次元形状を構築した。ICEM CFD 14.5で構造メッシュを構築し、行列式、角度及びアスペクト比を用いて要素品質をチェックした。3.20GHzのIntel Core i5−3470 CPU及び16.0GBのRAMを備えたWindows 7 Enterprise 64−bitコンピュータ上でANSYS FLUENT 14.5を用いて解を得た。連成圧力−速度ソルバーを用いて速度、圧力及びせん断応力コンターについて解いた。狭窄部の内部寸法及び以下の式を用いて、表1のパラメータに従ってチャネルレイノルズ数(ReC)を計算した。
Rec=2ρQ/μ(g+h)
マイクロ流体デバイスのマスターモールドは標準的なフォトリソグラフィ技術を用いて製造し、一方で、デバイスはソフトリソグラフィを用いて複製し、酸素プラズマを用いてガラスに接合した。デバイスデザインの概観及び形質移入パラメータをそれぞれ図1及び表1に示す。
シミュレーション及び解析
シミュレーションにより、高圧領域は図1のデバイス中の柱のすぐ上流に生じ、低圧領域は柱のすぐ下流に生じることが示された。これは、細胞が柱を通り過ぎて流れる際に、圧力の急な一過的低下にさらされることを意味する。加えて、これらのシミュレーションは非定常流が生じるかどうか確認するために一過的として実行した。図2は、本発明の方法の実施形態のシミュレーション中に発生する圧力変化の概観を示し、(a)圧力コンター、(b)速度の大きさ、(c)細胞速度を近似するのに用いることができる液体のx方向の速度、及び(d)非定常流に起因する交番ジェットを伴うy方向の液体速度を示す。図2に示すように、密閉チャネル内には、y方向のバルク流に垂直のx方向の著しい流速が存在し、非定常流が生じていることを意味する。
図3に示すように、柱アレイを介した圧力の一過的低下及び非定常流の使用は、HEK293細胞にpcDNA 3.1 GFPプラスミドを形質移入するために用いることができる。上段の画像は下段の画像と同視野で撮影したものである。パネルの左側の画像における明るい点はpcDNA 3.1の形質移入に成功したHEK293細胞を表しており、形質移入の6日後で生存可能であり、緑色蛍光タンパク質を発現し続けていた。
圧力の低下の大きさ及び持続時間が形質移入に影響を及ぼす程度を調べるために実験を行った。
HEK293細胞の2つの培養物を100,000細胞ml−1の密度で接種し、培養物1はHEK293細胞及び約900ng 10−5細胞の密度で接種した緑色蛍光タンパク質pcDNA 3.1を含んでおり、培養物2はHEK293細胞及び100ng 10−5細胞の密度で接種した25塩基対オリゴヌクレオチドを含んでいた。両方の培養物を真空デシケーター内に置き、圧力を2分かけて−95kPaに低下させた。その後、真空を解放し、10秒かけて大気圧に戻した。
圧力の長時間低下を用いたこの実験の結果、形質移入は起きなかった。GFPを発現した細胞はなく、オリゴヌクレオチド及び細胞の共局在化は無視できるものであった。実施例1と比較して、圧力の低下の大きさは相当大きかった(実施例1における20kPaの低下に対して95kPaの低下)。しかし、低下速度は大幅に遅かった。実施例1において、圧力の一過的低下が生じる速度(dP/dt)は−35.4×106kPa s−1であると推定される。本実施例では、dP/dtは約−0.8kPa s−1である。したがって、細胞膜は気体透過性であり、そのため、dP/dtが低すぎる場合、膜を透過化することなく細胞膜を通して自然に気体移動が生じるので、dP/dtは細胞膜の透過化の一因となり得る。dP/dtが十分となると、細胞膜の物理的性質が細胞内環境から細胞外環境への急速な気体移動に適応することができなくなると考えられる。したがって、細胞膜に孔が形成される程度まで応力が加わり、それによって細胞内への外因性物質の導入が可能となり得る。
図4は、3列の柱(nc=3)及び4行の柱(nr=4)を備えるマイクロ流体デバイスの概略図である。アレイは、柱の直径(dp)が柱の間の間隙(g)と等しく(dp=g)、各列の柱が前の間隙からの流れを二分岐させるのに十分な距離だけ偏移しており、偏移距離(s)が行ピッチの半分に等しく(s=pr/2)、列ピッチ(pc)が行ピッチに等しい(pc=pr)ように構成されている。チャネルの幅、列の数(nc)及び行の数(nr)は、このまたは類似のデザインを用いた具体的なデバイスそれぞれで異なる。
Claims (15)
- 細胞内への外因性物質の導入方法であって、
マイクロ流体デバイスのフローチャネルに液体を導入することであって、前記チャネルが、一又は複数のフローダイバータを含み、それぞれのフローダイバータは、それぞれのフローダイバータの間に間隙を有し、前記それぞれのフローダイバータの間の間隙は幅を有し、前記間隙の幅は前記細胞の直径より大きいことと、
前記細胞が前記フローダイバータを通り過ぎて流れる際に、前記フローダイバータの下流で、前記細胞を圧力の一過的低下及び非定常流にさらし、これにより前記細胞内に前記外因性物質を導入することと、
を含む方法。 - 前記細胞が圧力の前記一過的低下及び非定常流にさらされた後で生存可能である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、細菌細胞、哺乳類細胞、酵母細胞、植物細胞及び昆虫細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性物質が、有機低分子、核酸、ヌクレオチド、オリゴヌクレオチド、タンパク質、ペプチド、アミノ酸、脂質、多糖、量子ドット、カーボンナノチューブ、ナノ粒子、金粒子、単糖、ビタミン及びステロイドからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞の細胞質中に前記外因性物質を導入する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 圧力の前記一過的低下が少なくとも10kPaの低下である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも10ナノ秒間、前記外因性物質の存在下で前記細胞を圧力の前記一過的低下にさらす、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記フローダイバータが柱である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記柱が円柱形である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記柱が、それぞれの柱の間の間隙よりも大きい直径を有する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記フローダイバータが20μmの最大幅を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 液体中の細胞への外因性物質の導入するためのマイクロ流体デバイスであって、
前記細胞が直径を有し、
液体に懸濁させた前記細胞及び外因性物質が通って流れるように構成された寸法の少なくとも部分的に密閉されたチャネルと、
前記チャネル内の1つ以上のフローダイバータと、
を備え、
それぞれのフローダイバータは、それぞれのフローダイバータの間に間隙を有し、前記間隙は、前記細胞の直径よりも大きく設定された幅を有し、
前記フローダイバータが前記フローダイバータのすぐ下流に少なくとも1つの圧力が低下した領域及び非定常流をもたらし、前記外因性物質が、圧力の低下に伴って、前記細胞内に導入される、
デバイス。 - 前記フローダイバータが柱である、請求項12に記載のマイクロ流体デバイス。
- 前記柱が円柱形である、請求項13に記載のマイクロ流体デバイス。
- 前記柱が、それぞれの柱の間の間隙よりも大きい直径を有する、請求項13に記載のマイクロ流体デバイス。
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RS59898B1 (sr) * | 2011-10-17 | 2020-03-31 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Intraćelijsko davanje |
US9264108B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2016-02-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless power carrier-synchronous communication |
US20140342375A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-11-20 | University Of Maryland | Microfluidic processing of leukocytes for molecular diagnostic testing |
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JP2015071208A (ja) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-16 | 日本精工株式会社 | マニピュレータシステム及び微小操作対象物の操作方法 |
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CN107429262A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
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CA2973117A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
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AU2018201426B2 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
JP2018506965A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
US20180155669A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
HK1247241A1 (zh) | 2018-09-21 |
WO2016109864A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
EP3242946A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
AU2015376652A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
US11268060B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
US20180346865A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
EP3242946A4 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
CA2973117C (en) | 2019-04-16 |
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