JP6360713B2 - Earth and sand unraveling machine, ground excavator, ground excavation method and buried object search method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an earth and sand unraveling machine, an earth excavation device, an earth excavation method, and an embedded object search method that loosen earth and sand with compressed air injected from an injection nozzle.

  In pipe construction such as gas pipes and water pipes in urban areas where buildings are densely packed, it is necessary to dig deeply in a narrow area or excavate a place with a lot of underground objects. In these places, it is difficult to work with heavy machinery, and excavation work is carried out by human hands using a sword scoop. However, manual excavation is inefficient and requires a lot of labor. In addition, since the spark may be generated when the tip of the sword tip scoops against the tube vigorously, it is necessary to carefully work to prevent this. Therefore, the present inventor, as a method of efficiently excavating work in these places, the air type that scatters the soil on the surface of the ground by inserting the tip of the underground insertion tube into the ground and injecting compressed air from the tip The effectiveness of the excavation method using the earth and sand treatment device was examined (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-22547 A

  The above-mentioned device is to inject compressed air from the tip in a state where the underground insertion tube is inserted into the ground and loosen the surrounding earth and sand with the pressure. However, since the tip of the underground insertion tube protrudes downward from the cap body, if you try to loosen it gradually from the soil on the surface of the ground without inserting the underground insertion tube into the ground, it will be more than the lower end of the cap body. The tip of the underground insertion tube comes into contact with the ground surface first. Therefore, a gap is generated between the shade body and the surface of the ground, and the earth and sand blown away by the compressed air from there is scattered around.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an earth and sand unraveling machine, a ground excavation apparatus, a ground excavation method, and a buried object search method capable of excavating the ground efficiently and deeply while preventing the earth and sand from scattering to the periphery.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows.
In other words, a vent pipe that supplies compressed air, a jet nozzle that is provided at the tip of the vent pipe and has a jet hole for compressed air, and a vent pipe insertion portion that is in contact with the ground so as to cover the excavation site It is equipped with an anti-scattering sheet made of an elastic material, and the excavator is inserted by inserting a ventilation pipe into the ground through the insertion part and spraying compressed air from the injection nozzle to the ground excavation point covered with the anti-scattering sheet for excavation Provide earth and sand unraveling machine.

  The present invention includes a vent pipe that supplies compressed air and an injection nozzle that is provided at the tip of the vent pipe and has an injection hole for compressed air. Thereby, the spray nozzle provided at the tip of the vent pipe can be brought close to the surface of the ground, compressed air can be sprayed from the spray nozzle, and the surface of the ground can be scraped off. Therefore, it is possible to excavate efficiently even in places where it is difficult to use the sword scoop because there are many buried objects.

  Moreover, this invention is provided with the scattering prevention sheet | seat which consists of a sheet-like elastic body which contacts a ground so that an excavation location may be covered. Since this scattering prevention sheet is made of an elastic material, it can be deformed by following the unevenness of the surface of the ground. Thereby, it is possible to suppress an unintended gap between the ground surface and scattering of earth and sand. Further, when excavating the edge of the anti-drilling wall, the scattering prevention sheet can be deformed and bent along the wall of the anti-excavation wall. Therefore, the scattering prevention sheet does not interfere with the work, and the excavation work can be easily performed up to the wall of the excavation.

  About the said invention, in the state which a scattering prevention sheet covers the ground, it can move in the ground by moving a ventilation pipe with respect to a scattering prevention sheet in the insertion / extraction direction, and can loosen earth and sand. By doing so, it is possible to cover the ground with the anti-scattering sheet and to loosen the earth and sand by inserting the ventilation pipe to the inside of the ground while preventing the earth and sand from scattering.

About the said invention, the said ventilation pipe shall have a movable attachment part of the scattering prevention sheet | seat which can move along a pipe-axis direction.
Thereby, even if the injection nozzle is pushed into the ground, the scattering prevention sheet remains on the surface of the ground in a state of covering the excavation site. Therefore, the scattering prevention sheet wider than the spray nozzle does not get in the way, and the spray nozzle can be pushed into an arbitrary position in the depth direction to further dig deeper while loosening the earth and sand. Moreover, by making the vent pipe and the movable attachment portion, for example, metal, the movable attachment portion can be slid more smoothly with respect to the vent tube. Therefore, when the vent pipe is pushed into the excavation site, it is possible to make it difficult for the movable mounting portion to stay in the middle of the vent pipe and to prevent the scattering prevention sheet from being pulled into the ground.

  About the said invention, a scattering prevention sheet shall be equipped with the reinforcement member which reinforces the circumference | surroundings of the said insertion part. By doing so, the periphery of the insertion portion is reinforced, and it is possible to make it difficult to turn up even when the compressed air is bounced back. The reinforcing member can be provided on the scattering prevention sheet. By carrying out like this, the magnitude | size, thickness, intensity | strength, etc. of a reinforcement member can be easily exchanged according to an excavation location. On the other hand, the reinforcing member can be provided between the anti-scattering sheet and the air pipe by fitting the reinforcing member into the insertion portion of the anti-scattering sheet. Thereby, the scattering prevention sheet provided with the reinforcing member can be thinned.

  About the said invention, a scattering prevention sheet shall be detachably fixed with respect to the said movable attachment part. Accordingly, for example, the excavation site can be covered with the scattering prevention sheet removed from the movable attachment portion, and in this state, the ventilation pipe can be inserted into the insertion portion of the scattering prevention sheet to perform excavation work. Therefore, since an unintended gap is less likely to occur between the scattering prevention sheet and the ground surface, it is possible to make it difficult for the earth and sand to scatter.

About the said invention, the scattering prevention sheet | seat has multiple said insertion parts, The opening / closing part which enables the opening / closing of this insertion part shall be provided.
For example, a plurality of insertion portions are provided in a scattering prevention sheet having a size enough to cover all excavation points. And by making this removable from a vent pipe and covering an excavation location, a vent pipe can be inserted in an insertion part one by one, without moving a scattering prevention sheet. By doing so, a wide range of earth and sand can be easily loosened. Further, by providing the plurality of insertion portions at equal intervals, for example, in a lattice shape, it is possible to suppress occurrence of a place where excavation is not caused and to perform excavation work at equal intervals.
Furthermore, by providing an opening / closing part that enables opening and closing of each insertion part of the anti-scattering sheet, the insertion part can be opened when the ventilation pipe is inserted, but can be closed when the ventilation pipe is not inserted. . Therefore, even if the compressed air is jetted by inserting the ventilation pipe into one insertion portion, it is possible to make it difficult to cause a situation in which earth and sand are scattered from the other insertion portion.

In the present invention, the vent pipe can swing with respect to the scattering prevention sheet with the movable mounting portion as a fulcrum.
Therefore, no matter what angle the earth and sand unraveling machine is used, it is possible to loosen the earth and sand with the anti-scattering sheet following the surface of the ground, and there is an unintended gap between the anti-scattering sheet and the surface of the ground. It is possible to suppress scattering of earth and sand due to the occurrence.

About the said invention, the said injection nozzle shall have a damage prevention part for making it hard to produce damage to an embedded object at the front-end | tip.
By doing so, even if the tip of the injection nozzle hits against an embedded object such as an embedded pipe, the embedded object can be made less susceptible to damage.

About the said invention, the said damage prevention part shall consist of a curved surface provided in the front-end | tip of the said injection nozzle.
By doing so, even if the tip of the injection nozzle contacts the embedded object, the injection nozzle can be released along the curved surface of the embedded object, and the embedded object can be hardly damaged.

In the present invention, the injection nozzle may have a plurality of injection holes, which are arranged on a straight line.
Since the injection nozzle of the present invention has a plurality of injection holes, the pressure due to the injection of compressed air is distributed to each injection hole. As a result, the reaction force can be reduced as compared with the case where only one injection hole is provided, and the tip of the vent pipe is less likely to shake during excavation, and positioning to a target location is facilitated. Moreover, since reflection of the compressed air from the ground surface can be suppressed, scattering of earth and sand can be suppressed.

  Further, by arranging a plurality of injection holes on a straight line, it is possible to form curtain-like compressed air that spreads along the arrangement direction of the injection holes, so that directivity can be given to the injection direction of the compressed air. . Therefore, it can suppress that earth and sand are scattered toward all directions. Also, the operator can excavate efficiently by scraping the earth and sand like a broom with this curtain-like compressed air.

In the present invention, the vent pipe is a slide pipe having an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and the length of the vent pipe can be adjusted by sliding each slide pipe in the longitudinal direction. .
This makes it easy to use, for example, extending the vent pipe so that the operator can work in a comfortable posture, or shortening the vent pipe to make it easier to work in a narrow excavation mine. It becomes possible.

In the present invention, the vent pipe may have a scale indicating the insertion depth from the distal end side.
Thereby, when the ground is dug deeply, it is possible to measure how deep the injection nozzle has reached.

  About the said invention, a reinforcement member shall consist of a transparent board piece, and shall be provided inside an insertion part. By doing so, the injection nozzle can be visually recognized from the upper side during excavation work. Therefore, the injection nozzle can be easily positioned at the excavation site.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a ground excavation apparatus provided with one of the said earth and sand loosening machines and the collection | recovery apparatus which collect | recovers loosened earth and sand can be provided.
If this ground excavator is used, loosened earth and sand can be collected without using a sword scoop. Therefore, the labor of the operator can be reduced. In addition, since the sword scoop is not used, it is possible to reduce the psychological burden on the operator such as working carefully in order to suppress the occurrence of sparks caused by the sword tip scoop hitting the buried pipe.
As the earth and sand unraveling machine, any of the earth and sand unraveling machines according to the present invention is preferably used.

  With regard to the present invention, the recovery device includes a sediment suction device having a suction pipe that collects loosened sand and a negative pressure generating device that generates negative pressure in the suction pipe and draws loosened soil into the suction pipe. can do. According to this, loosened earth and sand can be sucked and discharged out of the excavation pit.

  In the present invention, the compressed air is supplied to the earth and sand unraveling machine and the negative pressure generator, the compressed air is injected from the earth and sand unraveling machine, and the air supply apparatus for generating the negative pressure in the suction pipe by the negative pressure generator is provided. It can be. According to this, supply of compressed air and suction of loose earth and sand can be performed with a single air supply device. Therefore, it is compact as a whole, and it can be set as a ground excavation apparatus that can be installed at an excavation site where a large apparatus cannot be brought in as in a residential area.

In the present invention, the earth and sand suction device includes a tank for storing earth and sand, the tank communicates with a negative pressure generator and a suction pipe, and the negative pressure generator generates a negative pressure in the tank, and the suction pipe The earth and sand collected through can be stored in the tank.
By doing so, loosened earth and sand can be reliably accommodated in a sealed tank, so that the earth and sand can hardly be scattered to the surroundings as compared with the case where it is simply accommodated in a basket-like container. .

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a ground excavation method for loosening earth and sand using any of the above earth and sand loosening machines and collecting the loose earth and sand.
In this way, when loosening the earth and sand, it is possible to obtain the operation and effect of the above-mentioned earth and sand unraveling machine, and it is possible to dig deeper into the ground while preventing the loosened earth and sand from accumulating.

Further, according to the present invention, any one of the above earth and sand unraveling machines is used, and the vent pipe is inserted into the ground while loosening the earth and sand by jetting compressed air, and the tip of the jet nozzle is buried in the ground. It is possible to provide a buried object searching method for confirming a buried object in the ground by bringing it into contact with the ground.
In general, it is possible to excavate using heavy machinery in a place where it is confirmed that there is no buried object, but in places where there is a possibility that buried objects such as buried pipes exist, While exploring, I drilled carefully with a sword scoop. Specifically, using a probe bar made of a round iron bar with a length of about 1 m and a thickness of about 10 mm and a sharp tip, whether or not the ground is stabbed at short intervals and hits an embedded object It is usual to search for buried objects.
However, in this method, for example, when the buried object is a fragile pipe such as an old PVC pipe, the buried pipe may be damaged by the tip of the probe bar sticking. Further, when the buried object is a steel pipe or the like, the anticorrosion coating layer made of polyethylene or the like may be damaged by the tip of the probe bar.
Therefore, the present invention provides the buried object searching method using any one of the above earth and sand loosening machines as a buried object search tool instead of the conventional probe bar.

  According to the buried object searching method of the present invention, since the vent pipe is inserted into the ground while loosening the earth and sand by jetting compressed air, it is not necessary to pierce the jet nozzle into the ground with a strong force. Therefore, since the force applied to the embedded object when the spray nozzle contacts the embedded object can be weakened, damage to the embedded object can be suppressed. In addition, for example, by providing a damage prevention portion made of a curved surface at the tip of the injection nozzle, even if the tip of the injection nozzle comes into contact with an embedded object such as an embedded pipe, it is difficult to damage the embedded object as described above. Can do. Furthermore, unlike the conventional probe bar with a sharp tip, the tip of the injection nozzle is made flat, so that even if the tip of the injection nozzle hits the object perpendicularly to the embedded object, the force is distributed over the entire flat surface. It is possible to suppress damage to buried objects.

About the said invention, the depth position of an embedded object shall be measured from the insertion depth of the said vent pipe when the front-end | tip of the said injection nozzle contacts the embedded object in the ground.
For example, by adding a scale indicating the insertion depth from the tip side to the ventilation pipe of the earth and sand loosening machine, when the tip of the injection nozzle contacts the buried object in the ground, how much is the buried object It can be measured more accurately whether it exists in the depth of.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is provided a buried object searching method using the earth and sand unraveling machine according to any one of the above, and sequentially inserting the ventilation pipes through the plurality of insertion portions to check the buried objects in the ground. can do.
By sequentially inserting the plurality of insertion portions, excavation points can be confirmed evenly without waste. For example, in a place where an embedded pipe having a diameter of about 10 cm is embedded, a plurality of insertion portions can be provided with an interval of about 10 cm. In addition, when using this scattering prevention sheet, for example, if you want to check the buried objects in the ground at intervals of 5 cm, first insert the ventilation pipe through each insertion part in the state where the scattering prevention sheet is first placed on the surface of the ground. Loosen the earth and sand. Then, after that, the scattering prevention sheet may be shifted to the side by about 5 cm, and similarly, the ventilation pipe may be inserted into each insertion portion to loosen the earth and sand. Further, the interval at which the insertion portion is provided can be 10 cm or more in accordance with the thickness of the buried pipe or the buried interval, and can also be 10 cm or less.

  According to the earth and sand unraveling machine, the ground excavation apparatus, and the ground excavation method of the present invention, it is possible to easily excavate a place where there are many buried objects or deeply excavate a narrow area while preventing scattering of the earth and sand. Moreover, according to the buried object search method of the present invention, it is possible to search for a buried object while preventing damage to the buried object.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the use condition of the ground excavation apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the usage method of the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. It is a front view which shows the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. Part (a) is a partially enlarged sectional view showing part A of FIG. 3, and part (b) is a bottom view of part A shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the use condition in the ground surface of the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the use condition in the ground of the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the injection hole seen from the arrow C direction of Fig. 4 (a), and compressed air. It is explanatory drawing which shows a mode that the scattering prevention sheet | seat is bent along the wall of an excavation mine. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the scattering prevention sheet at the time of inclining the ventilation pipe of FIG. 3 to the D direction. It is explanatory drawing which shows the buried object search method of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a reinforcement member. It is explanatory drawing which shows the use condition of the earth and sand loosening machine of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment state to the scattering prevention sheet | seat of the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment state to the scattering prevention sheet | seat of the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the attachment state to the scattering prevention sheet | seat of the earth and sand loosening machine of FIG. It is a top view of the scattering prevention sheet | seat which has two or more insertion parts. It is a bottom view which shows the modification of the injection nozzle of this invention. A partial view (a) is a bottom view showing a damage preventing portion of a modification of the present invention, and a partial view (b) is a side view thereof. It is a bottom view which shows the shutter part of the modification of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First embodiment:
As shown in FIG. 1, the ground excavation apparatus 1 of the present invention includes an earth and sand unraveling machine 2, an earth and sand suction apparatus 3, and a compressor 4 as an “air supply apparatus”.

(Earth and sand unraveling machine)
1-4, the earth and sand unraveling machine 2 is provided with a vent pipe 6 for supplying compressed air 5a, an injection nozzle 7 provided at the tip of the vent pipe 6 and having an injection hole 7a for jetting the compressed air 5a, and a passage. A scattering prevention sheet 8 made of a sheet-like elastic body is provided on the distal end side of the trachea 6. The earth and sand unraveling machine 2 is compact and easy to handle so that it can be used even in a narrow excavation mine. For example, the total length of the earth and sand loosening machine 2 of this embodiment is about 60 cm, and the weight is about 2 kg.
As shown in FIG. 1, the earth and sand loosening machine 2 is connected to a resin hose 9 that is easy to handle and flexible, and the hose 9 is connected to a compressor 4 that supplies air to the earth and sand loosening machine 2.

(Vent pipe)
The ventilation pipe 6 is a pipe having a circular cross section, and includes an operation portion 6a formed of a tube bent in an L shape and an extension portion 6b formed of a straight tube as shown in FIGS. The extension portion 6 b is provided with a collar portion 12 as a “movable attachment portion” for attaching the scattering prevention sheet 8 to the vent pipe 6.

  A hose 9 is coupled to the connection portion 10 provided at the end of the operation portion 6a. The operation unit 6a is provided with a valve unit 6a1 for switching ON (injection) / OFF (injection stop) of the compressed air 5a to be injected, and a flow rate adjusting unit 6a2 for adjusting the supply amount of the compressed air 5a. And as shown in FIG. 2, the operation part 6a is formed with the vertical tube 6a3 and the horizontal tube 6a4. The vertical tube 6a3 is connected as an “outer tube”, and the extension 6b is connected as an “inner tube” in a state in which they can slide and move in the longitudinal direction. Then, by sliding them in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to obtain the vent pipe 6 capable of adjusting the length within the range of the expansion / contraction length L1. By sliding the extension portion 6b and extending the ventilation pipe 6 long, the operator 11 can work in an easy posture even when the injection nozzle 7 is inserted into the ground.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, an injection nozzle 7 is provided at the tip of the extension 6b. A scattering prevention sheet 8 and a collar portion 12 for attaching the scattering prevention sheet 8 to the vent pipe 6 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the tip portion. The collar portion 12 has an annular shape, and can slide along the axial direction with respect to the vent pipe 6 (FIGS. 5 and 6). In addition, at the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the collar portion 12, one fixing portion 12 a that goes around the outer periphery and protrudes outward is formed one by one. The scattering prevention sheet 8 is fixed to the collar portion 12 by being sandwiched between the upper and lower fixing portions 12a and 12a. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a handle 13 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the extension 6b for the operator 11 to operate the earth and sand loosening machine 2 during excavation. As a material of the ventilation pipe 6, for example, an aluminum pipe, a resin pipe, or a stainless steel pipe can be used. Similarly, for example, an aluminum tube, a resin tube, or a stainless steel tube can be used as the material of the collar portion 12. However, if the vent pipe 6 and the collar portion 12 are made of metal, friction can be reduced, so that the collar portion 12 can be slid and moved more smoothly with respect to the vent pipe 6.

(Injection nozzle)
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the injection nozzle 7 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is screwed to the tip of the vent pipe 6. The injection nozzle 7 has two circular injection holes 7a, and each injection hole 7a linearly penetrates the injection nozzle 7 from the upper surface 7b to the lower surface 7c. Further, a curved edge 7c1 as a “damage prevention portion” is formed on the outer edge of the lower surface 7c of the injection nozzle 7, and is curved without corners. Therefore, since the spray nozzle 7 is avoided to slide even if it contacts the existing buried pipe 14 (resin pipe, cast iron pipe), damage to the buried pipe 14 can be suppressed. The diameter of the lower surface 7c of the injection nozzle 7 is 20 to 30 mm, and as the material, for example, stainless steel can be used.

(Spattering prevention sheet)
The scattering prevention sheet 8 is substantially square as shown in FIG. 4B, and is made of a sheet-like elastic body. Further, an insertion portion 8b for inserting the ventilation pipe 6 is formed at a substantially center in the horizontal direction of the scattering prevention sheet 8. The inner diameter of the insertion portion 8b is smaller than the outer diameter of the fixed portion 12a in the collar portion 12. Therefore, the insertion part 8b is fixed to the collar part 12 by being disposed between the two fixing parts 12a and 12a, and is difficult to come off. The collar portion 12 can be formed of a metal such as stainless steel.

  The anti-scattering sheet 8 is, for example, a substantially square sheet of 45 cm and has a thickness of 3 mm. The material is, for example, synthetic rubber such as nitrile rubber or chloroprene rubber, and the hardness is 60, for example, with a type A durometer conforming to JIS K6253. However, the size, thickness, and hardness of the anti-scattering sheet 8 are such that the compressed air 5a injected from the injection nozzle 7 is reflected on the surface 22 of the ground and does not turn up when it hits the anti-scattering sheet 8. Any size, thinness, and hardness that can be easily deformed along the unevenness of the surface 22 of the ground can be changed.

  Moreover, by making the scattering prevention sheet 8 into a substantially square sheet shape, it is possible to cover an excavation site having a larger area than, for example, a round shape having the same width. Furthermore, usually, the bottom surface of the excavation pit is formed to be substantially square or substantially rectangular. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform excavation work without waste by aligning the corners of the scattering prevention sheet 8 with the corners of the bottom surface of the excavation mine. However, it can be changed to other shapes according to the shape of the excavation mine.

(Reinforcing member)
On the upper side of the scattering prevention sheet 8, a reinforcing member 8a is attached so as to surround the insertion portion 8b. The reinforcing member 8a is fixed to the scattering prevention sheet 8 with screws N, and reinforces the periphery of the insertion portion 8b. And the reinforcement member 8a is provided in the substantially square thin plate shape similarly to the scattering prevention sheet | seat 8, For example, the piece is 15 cm. The reinforcing member 8a is made of the same material as the scattering prevention sheet 8, for example, and has a thickness of 10 mm. Therefore, since it is thicker than the anti-scattering sheet 8 and has a higher strength, it is more difficult for the compressed air 5a to turn up due to rebound.

  The area of the reinforcing member 8a in the horizontal direction is smaller than that of the anti-scattering sheet 8 and may be such that it can catch the bounce of the compressed air 5a. Therefore, it is possible to change according to the horizontal area of the excavation site. Moreover, thickness and hardness should just be a grade which is not easily turned up by the bounce of the compressed air 5a. However, if the reinforcing member 8a is made too large or too thick, the earth and sand unraveling machine 2 becomes heavy and the handleability deteriorates. Therefore, it is preferable to provide smaller and thinner.

(Sediment suction device)
As shown in FIG. 1, the earth and sand suction device 3 includes a hose 15 as a “suction pipe”, a tank 16, and a negative pressure generator 17. The hose 15 is made of a flexible resin that can be easily routed to suck out the earth and sand G loosened from a narrow excavation mine. The tank 16 is a metal drum-like container, and is provided with a connecting portion (not shown) for connecting to the hose 15 and a drain port 18 for draining water accumulated inside. The drain port 18 is provided with an opening / closing stopper (not shown), which is closed when the loose earth and sand G is sucked into the tank 16. After the suction is finished, the stopper can be opened to drain the water. The hose 15 and the tank 16 communicate with each other through a connecting portion. Also, a caster 19 is provided at the bottom so that it can be easily moved at the work site, and a negative pressure generator 17 is installed on the top surface. The negative pressure generator 17 has a hexahedron box-like structure, and is provided with a cylindrical metal leg 20 at the bottom. The leg portion 20 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the negative pressure generator 17 and the tank 16 communicate with each other via the leg portion 20. Further, the compressor 4 is used as the “air supply means”, and air is supplied to the negative pressure generator 21 by a flexible resin hose 21 that is easy to handle. Ground excavation that can be installed in excavation points where a large device cannot be brought in, such as in a residential area, by sharing a single compressor 4 between the earth and sand loosening machine 2 and the negative pressure generator 21 The device 1 can be obtained.

(Ground excavation method)
Next, the ground excavation method using the above ground excavation apparatus 1 and its operation and effect will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, the operator 11 grasps the horizontal pipe 6a4 of the earth and sand loosening machine 2 with one hand and the handle 13 with the other hand, and attaches the spray nozzle 7 attached to the tip of the vent pipe 6 to the surface 22 of the ground. Move closer to. And the compressed air 5a supplied from the compressor 4 is injected from the injection nozzle 7 in a state where the excavation site is covered with the anti-scattering sheet 8, and the surface 22 of the ground is loosened. By carrying out like this, even if the loose earth and sand G is blown by the compressed air 5a, it is blocked by the anti-scattering sheet 8, so that it can be made difficult to be scattered outside.

  When excavating with compressed air 5a, if the injection nozzle 7 has only one injection hole 7a, the compressed air 5a injected from the injection hole 7a is directed in all directions as shown in FIG. Scatter. However, since the injection nozzle 7 of the ground excavator 1 has two injection holes 7a arranged in a straight line, the compressed air 5a injected from each injection hole 7a is injected into the injection holes 7a as shown in FIG. 7B. A curtain-like airflow (curtain-like compressed air 5b) is formed that spreads along the arrangement direction. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the earth and sand G loosened in all directions from being scattered, and the operator 11 can perform excavation efficiently while scraping the earth and sand G loosened like a broom.

  Further, since the injection nozzle 7 has the two injection holes 7a, the reaction force can be suppressed to be small compared with the case where only one is provided. As a result, hand shake can be suppressed, and positioning to a target location is facilitated. Moreover, since the reflection from the surface 22 of the ground of the compressed air 5a can be suppressed, scattering of the loose earth and sand G can be suppressed. Therefore, by continuing to apply the compressed air 5a to the same place without moving the spray nozzle 7, it is possible to easily dig up deeply only the portion of the sand hit by the compressed air 5a.

  Since the loosening of the earth and sand G is limited by the scattering prevention sheet 8, the loosened earth and sand G can be made to be difficult to fly over a wide area by being blown by the compressed air 5a. Further, since the anti-scattering sheet 8 is made of a sheet-like elastic body, it can be deformed following the unevenness of the surface 22 of the ground as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5, 6, and 9. At the edge of the excavation pit, it can be bent along the wall as shown in FIG. Thereby, it is possible to suppress an unintended gap between the surface 22 of the ground and the scattering prevention sheet 8 and the earth and sand G loosened from the gap from being scattered.

  Further, since the scattering prevention sheet 8 is made of an elastic body, the vent pipe 6 can swing with respect to the scattering prevention sheet 8 with the movable mounting portion 8a of the collar portion 12 as a fulcrum (FIG. 9). Therefore, even if the ventilation pipe 6 is inclined in the direction of the arrow D depending on the posture of the worker 11 or the excavation location, excavation can be performed with the scattering prevention sheet 8 following the surface 22 of the ground. Moreover, since the direction of the injection nozzle 7 can be changed by changing the inclination of the ventilation pipe 6, the direction of loosening the earth and sand G during the operation can be arbitrarily changed by operating the direction of the air flow of the compressed air 5a during the operation. it can.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the scattering prevention sheet 8 is fixed to the vent pipe 6 by a collar portion 12. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 9, even when the ventilation pipe 6 is inclined in the direction of arrow D and a load is applied to the collar portion 12, the scattering prevention sheet 8 is not easily detached from the ventilation pipe 6. The inner diameter of the collar portion 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the injection nozzle 7. Therefore, even if the collar portion 12 moves toward the distal end side of the vent pipe 6, it is caught by the spray nozzle 7 and is difficult to come off from the vent pipe 6. Further, the collar portion 12 can be slid in the longitudinal direction with respect to the vent pipe 6. Therefore, even if the injection nozzle 7 is inserted into the ground while loosening the earth and sand G inside the ground, the scattering prevention sheet 8 can remain on the surface 22 of the ground and continue to cover the excavation site. Therefore, even in a narrow place where a wide sword scoop cannot be inserted, or where a buried object such as an embedded pipe 14 is buried in the ground as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is difficult to use the sword scoop. It is possible to dig into the ground while preventing the loose earth and sand G from scattering.

In order to excavate the loosened earth and sand G deeper without depositing it at the excavation site, the loosened earth and sand G is sucked using the earth and sand suction device 3.
When the compressor 4 is started, compressed air 5 a is supplied, and negative pressure is generated in the tank 16 and the hose 15 by the negative pressure generator 17. By bringing the tip of the hose 15 closer to the loosened earth and sand G, the loosened earth and sand G is sucked into the hose 15 and collected in the tank 16. The tank 16 is provided with a door 16a. The earth and sand collected in the tank 16 can be taken out by opening the door 16a.

  As described above, according to the ground excavation method using the ground excavation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the buried object such as the buried pipe 14 is buried in the ground, and even if it is difficult to use the sword tip scoop, it is efficient. You can excavate well. Further, it is possible to make it difficult for the earth and sand G loosened during excavation to be scattered around and to damage the buried object such as the buried pipe 14.

(Embedded object search method)
Next, the buried object search method using the earth and sand unraveling machine 2 and its operation and effect will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10, the worker 11 uses the earth and sand loosening machine 2 to insert the injection nozzle 7 into the ground while injecting the compressed air 5a. The presence of the buried pipe 14 can be known from the hand feeling when the spray nozzle 7 hits the buried pipe 14.
As a general method for searching for the buried tube 14, there is a method of searching by inserting a probe bar (not shown) into the ground, but the buried tube 14 may be damaged because the tip of the probe rod is sharp. (See paragraph 0023). However, when the earth and sand unraveling machine 2 is used, it is not necessary to pierce the injection nozzle 7 into the ground with a strong force by injecting the compressed air 5a. it can. Moreover, since the lower surface 7c of the injection nozzle 7 is a flat surface having a diameter of about 20 to 30 mm, the force when the lower surface 7c hits the embedded pipe 14 is dispersed over the entire surface. Therefore, damage to the buried tube 14 can be suppressed as compared with the case of using a probe bar in which the force applied to the buried tube 14 is concentrated at one point of the tip.

  Moreover, you may attach | subject the scale 6c which shows the depth position of the front-end | tip of the injection nozzle 7 as shown in FIG. By doing this, the scale 6c at the same height as the ground surface 22a is read as shown by the arrow E, the distance from the injection nozzle 7 to the ground surface 22a is measured, and how deep the buried pipe 14 exists. Can know. Since the scale 6c is continuously attached from the distal end side of the extension 6b to the vicinity of the handle 13 of the vertical tube 6a3, the depth position of the buried tube 14 that is buried deeper can be measured.

Modification of the first embodiment:
In the said 1st Embodiment, the reinforcement member 8a was formed with the same synthetic rubber as the scattering prevention sheet 8, and the example provided in piles on the scattering prevention sheet 8 was shown. On the other hand, it can be set as the reinforcing member 26 which consists of a transparent board piece as shown in FIG. As the material, for example, a colorless and transparent reinforced plastic can be used. In this case, the reinforcing member 26 can include a lower step portion 26a and an upper step portion 26b that is wider in the horizontal direction than the lower step portion 26a. The insertion portion 8b of the anti-scattering sheet 8 is provided so as to be the same size as the lower step portion 26a, and the lower step portion 26a is attached to the insertion portion 8b so as to fit into the insertion portion 8b. Then, the upper step portion 26 b is fixed to the scattering prevention sheet 8 with the screw N. By doing so, the operator 11 can confirm the position of the injection nozzle 7 through the transparent reinforcing member 26. Therefore, it becomes easy to position the injection nozzle 7 at the excavation site.

Second embodiment:
In the said 1st Embodiment, the scattering prevention sheet | seat 8 is being fixed with respect to the vent pipe 6, and the earth and sand loosening machine 2 which became difficult to remove | deviate was shown. On the other hand, it can be set as the earth and sand loosening machine 24 provided with the scattering prevention sheet | seat 25 which removes from the vent pipe 6 and is used.
In the insertion portion 8b of the scattering prevention sheet 25, as shown in FIG. 12, an opening / closing portion 8b1 capable of opening and closing the insertion portion 8b can be formed. The opening / closing part 8b1 can be provided by making an X-shaped cut around the insertion part 8b.

  When using this earth and sand loosening machine 24, as shown in FIG. 12, FIG. 13, the scattering prevention sheet | seat 25 is spread | laid on the surface 22 of the ground which is an excavation location, and the injection nozzle 7 is inserted in the insertion part 8b. Then, the opening / closing part 8b1 is pressed by the injection nozzle 7 and opens toward the inside of the ground as shown in FIG. And the ventilation pipe 6 can be inserted into the ground as it is. The anti-scattering sheet 25 has elasticity, always returns to a flat state, and a force is applied to close the insertion portion 8b. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, the opening / closing part 8b1 gets over the fixing part 12a on the lower side of the collar part 12 and fits between the fixing parts 12a, 12a to stop. Thereby, the scattering prevention sheet 25 is fixed to the collar portion 12. When the compressed air 5a is jetted in a state where the ventilation pipe 6 is inserted through the insertion portion 8b, the compressed air 5a bounced off from the ground is blocked by the scattering prevention sheet 25, and thus it is possible to suppress the scattering of earth and sand.

Further, by moving the ventilation pipe 6 along the X-shaped cut of the opening / closing part 8b1, it is possible to excavate over a wider range than excavating only one point directly below the insertion part 8b. Further, when the opening / closing part 8b1 is provided by cutting as described above, it is possible to make the opening / closing part 8b open and close easily by providing the opening / closing part 8b1 with flexibility without providing the reinforcing member 8a on the anti-scattering sheet 25. . Similarly, the opening / closing portion 8b1 can be easily opened and closed by providing a thin reinforcing member 8a having a thickness equal to or less than that of the reinforcing member 8a.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the earth and sand loosening machine 24 is good also as not having the collar part 12. FIG. By doing so, the earth and sand loosening machine 24 having a simple structure and easy to operate can be obtained.

Further, a plurality of insertion portions 8b can be formed at the same interval L2, as shown in FIG. In that case, the ventilation pipe 6 is sequentially inserted into the plurality of insertion portions 8b to loosen the earth and sand. By doing so, the buried pipe 14 in the ground can be searched at equal intervals. Further, when the ventilation pipe 6 is inserted into one insertion portion 8b and the compressed air 5a is injected, the other insertion portion 8b is closed. Therefore, scattering of earth and sand from those insertion parts 8b can be suppressed.
By setting the interval L2 of the insertion portion 8b to, for example, about 10 cm, it is possible to easily search for a buried pipe such as a water pipe. For example, when excavating the ground at intervals of 5 cm using the scattering prevention sheet 8, first, the insertion pipes 6 are inserted into the respective insertion portions 8b to loosen the earth and sand. And after that, the scattering prevention sheet 8 is shifted about 5 cm back and forth or right and left, and the earth and sand are loosened again by all the insertion parts 8b. This interval can be changed to 10 cm or more or 10 cm or less in accordance with the diameter and the arrangement interval of the buried pipe in advance.

Modification of the second embodiment:
In 2nd Embodiment demonstrated above, the example which provides the opening-and-closing part 8b1 by making an X-shaped notch around the penetration part 8b in the scattering prevention sheet 8 was shown. On the other hand, for example, a lid that opens and closes by elastic deformation may be provided in the insertion portion 8b to form the opening / closing portion 8b1.

Modification of each embodiment:
In each said embodiment, the example which uses one compressor 4 as an "air supply apparatus" with respect to the earth and sand loosening machine 2 and the earth and sand suction apparatus 3 was shown. However, in a place where it is not necessary to simplify the device configuration, two low horsepower compressors 4 may be used, and each may be connected to the earth and sand loosening machine 2 and the earth and sand suction device 3.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, the injection nozzle 7 which has the two injection holes 7a was shown. However, the number of the injection holes 7a is not limited to this. If only one injection hole 7a is provided, the compressed air 5b is injected more vigorously, so that the earth and sand can be loosened with a strong force. Further, by arranging three or more injection holes 7a on a straight line as shown in FIG. 17, a wider curtain-like compressed air 5b can be obtained.

  Furthermore, in each said embodiment, the curved edge 7c1 is formed in the outer edge of the lower surface 7c of the injection nozzle 7 as a "damage prevention part." However, as the “damage prevention portion”, a hemispherical portion 7d may be formed as shown in FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b). By doing so, the corners that may damage the embedded tube 14 are reduced, and at the same time, the shape becomes easy to avoid along the curved surface of the embedded tube 14, so that the effect of preventing damage to the embedded tube 14 can be enhanced. In addition, as the “damage prevention portion”, an elastic body having a buffering effect such as rubber may be attached to the outer edge of the lower surface 7c. Thereby, the impact when the injection nozzle 7 hits the buried pipe 14 can be absorbed, and damage to the buried pipe 14 can be suppressed more reliably.

Moreover, in each said embodiment, it has the injection hole 7a which the injection nozzle 7 cannot open and close. However, a shutter 23 that enables opening and closing of the injection hole 7 a may be provided on the lower surface 7 c of the injection nozzle 7. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, three injection holes 7 a are provided in the injection nozzle 7. A semicircular shutter 23 covering a part of the lower surface 7c of the injection nozzle 7 is attached to the injection nozzle 7 so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow F, and the injection holes 7a can be opened and closed by rotating the shutter. . As a result, one injection hole 7a is opened and the other two are closed, so that the compressed air 5a is concentrated and strongly applied to one point of the ground, or two injection holes 7a are opened and the other one is closed to close the curtain. It is possible to easily change the method of loosening the earth and sand, such as by cutting the ground in a wide range by forming the compressed air 5b.
In addition, although the example using the shutter 23 was shown, if the number of the injection holes 7a which inject the compressed air 5a can be changed, it will not be limited to this method. Therefore, for example, a lid that can block a part of the plurality of injection holes 7a may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground excavation device 2 Sediment loosening machine 3 Sediment suction device 4 Compressor (air supply device)
5a Compressed air 5b Curtain-shaped compressed air 6 Ventilation pipe 6a Operation part 6a1 Valve part 6a2 Flow rate adjustment part 6a3 Vertical pipe (outer pipe)
6a4 Horizontal tube 6b Extension (inner tube)
6c Scale 7 Injection nozzle 7a Injection hole 7b Upper surface 7c Lower surface 7c1 Curved edge (damage prevention part)
7d Hemispherical part (damage prevention part)
8 scattering prevention sheet 8a reinforcing member 8b insertion part 8b1 opening / closing part 9 hose 10 connection part 11 worker 12 collar part 12a fixing part 13 handle 14 buried pipe 15 hose (suction pipe)
16 Tank 16a Door 17 Negative pressure generator 18 Drain port 19 Caster 20 Leg part 21 Hose 22 Ground surface 22a Ground surface 23 Shutter 24 Sediment loosening machine (2nd Embodiment)
25 Anti-scattering sheet (second embodiment)
26 Reinforcing member (modification)
26a Lower step portion 26b Upper step portion L1 Extension range of the vent pipe L2 Interval between the insertion portions N Screw G Unraveled earth and sand

Claims (11)

A vent pipe for supplying compressed air;
An injection nozzle provided at a tip of the vent pipe and having an injection hole for the compressed air;
An anti-scattering sheet comprising a sheet-like elastic body that has an insertion portion for the vent pipe, covers an excavation portion around the insertion portion, and contacts the ground in a state of following and deforming along the irregularities on the surface of the excavation portion; With
An earth and sand unraveling machine for excavating by inserting the compressed air into the excavation site of the ground covered with the scattering prevention sheet by inserting the vent pipe into the ground through the insertion portion and loosening the earth and sand from the jet nozzle.   The earth and sand unraveling machine according to claim 1, wherein in the state where the scattering prevention sheet covers the excavation site, the ventilation pipe is moved with respect to the scattering prevention sheet to move the ground and loosen the earth and sand.   The earth and sand unraveling machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ventilation pipe has a movable attachment portion of the scattering prevention sheet that is movable along a pipe axis direction.   4. The earth and sand unraveling machine according to claim 1, wherein the scattering prevention sheet includes a thin plate-like reinforcing member that is laminated around the insertion portion and reinforces the periphery of the insertion portion.   The earth and sand unraveling machine according to claim 3, wherein the scattering prevention sheet is detachably fixed to the movable attachment portion.   The earth and sand unraveling machine according to claim 1, wherein the scattering prevention sheet has a plurality of the insertion portions.   A ground excavation apparatus comprising the earth and sand unraveling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a recovery device for collecting the loosened earth and sand.   A ground excavation method in which the earth and sand unraveling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used to loosen the earth and sand and collect the loosened earth and sand.   Using the earth and sand unraveling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the air pipe is inserted into the ground while loosening the earth and sand by jetting compressed air, and the tip of the jet nozzle is placed in the ground A buried object searching method for confirming the buried object in the ground by contacting the buried object.   The buried object search method according to claim 9, wherein a depth position of the buried object is measured from an insertion depth of the ventilation pipe when a tip of the injection nozzle comes into contact with the buried object in the ground. Using the earth and sand unraveling machine according to claim 6,
A buried object searching method for sequentially checking the buried objects in the ground by sequentially inserting the ventilation pipes through the plurality of insertion portions.

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