JP6345137B2 - Charger - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for extracting electric power from a magnetic field generated around a wiring through which an alternating current flows by electromagnetic induction, and more particularly, to a charging apparatus for charging a battery using the extracted electric power.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a magnetic field generated around an electric wire based on an alternating current is converted into electric power by a transformer, the converted electric power is converted into direct current by a rectifier, and the electric power based on the converted direct current is converted. Is described.

JP 2000-245078

  In the technique of Patent Document 1 described above, it is possible to extract electric power by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around a wiring through which an alternating current flows. However, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a method for effectively using the extracted power without waste when charging the extracted power to the battery.

  In general, the battery is charged by a constant current operation at a certain constant current for the purpose of battery protection and shortening the charging time, and is switched to a constant voltage operation when the battery voltage reaches a certain threshold voltage. However, the maximum power at this time is only at the moment when the battery voltage reaches the threshold voltage, and the system that extracts power by electromagnetic induction has a problem that the extracted power cannot be effectively used mainly during constant current operation. It was. On the other hand, when operating at constant voltage, power more than that required for charging is extracted from the magnetic field generated around the wiring where AC current flows, and power on the wiring side where AC current flows is wasted. There was a problem of doing.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device that efficiently extracts electric power from a wiring side through which an alternating current flows and efficiently uses the extracted electric power.

  The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

  Of the inventions disclosed in this application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.

  (1) The charging device includes an extraction unit that extracts power from a wiring through which an alternating current flows, a matching unit that matches impedance with the output impedance of the extraction unit, and rectifies the extracted power extracted by the extraction unit from alternating current to direct current A rectifying unit, a battery, a charging unit that charges the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit, and a charging current, a charging voltage that the charging unit uses to charge the battery, Alternatively, the control unit controls both the charging current and the charging voltage, or performs impedance adjustment for impedance matching in the matching unit. The control unit measures the rectified extracted power and the necessary power necessary for charging the battery, and controls the rectified extracted power and the necessary power to be equal.

  (2) The charging device includes a toroidal core capable of adjusting a gap length, an extraction unit that extracts power from a wiring through which an alternating current flows, a matching unit that matches impedance with an output impedance of the extraction unit, and the extraction unit A rectifying unit that rectifies the extracted power extracted in AC from DC to DC, a battery, a charging unit that charges the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit, and the charging unit charges the battery And a control unit that controls the charging current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage used for the adjustment, or adjusts the gap length of the toroidal core. The control unit measures the rectified extracted power and the necessary power necessary for charging the battery, and controls the rectified extracted power and the necessary power to be equal.

  Of the inventions disclosed in the present application, effects obtained by typical ones will be briefly described as follows.

  That is, power can be extracted without waste from the wiring side through which the alternating current flows, and the extracted power can be used efficiently.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of operation | movement of the matching part in the charging device shown in FIG. (A) (b) (c) is explanatory drawing which shows an example of operation | movement of the charging device shown in FIG. (A) (b) is explanatory drawing which shows another example of operation | movement of the charging device shown in FIG. (A) (b) is explanatory drawing which shows another example of operation | movement of the charging device shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control flow of the control part in the charging device shown in FIG. (A) (b) (c) is explanatory drawing which shows another example of operation | movement of the charging device shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows another example of the control flow of the control part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows another example of operation | movement of the matching part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example of a structure of the matching part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example of a structure of the protection part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control flow of the control part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a protection unit in the charging device illustrated in FIG. 15. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of operation | movement of the extraction part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control flow of the control part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 7 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the control flow of the control part in the charging device shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 8 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the charging device which concerns on Embodiment 9 of this invention.

  In the following embodiments, when it is necessary for the sake of convenience, the description will be divided into a plurality of sections or embodiments. However, unless otherwise specified, they are not irrelevant and one is the other. There are some or all of the modifications, details, supplementary explanations, and the like. Further, in the following embodiments, when referring to the number of elements (including the number, numerical value, quantity, range, etc.), especially when clearly indicated and when clearly limited to a specific number in principle, etc. Except, it is not limited to the specific number, and may be more or less than the specific number.

  Further, in the following embodiments, the constituent elements (including element steps and the like) are not necessarily indispensable unless otherwise specified and apparently essential in principle. Needless to say. Similarly, in the following embodiments, when referring to the shapes, positional relationships, etc. of the components, etc., the shapes are substantially the same unless otherwise specified, or otherwise apparent in principle. And the like are included. The same applies to the above numerical values and ranges.

[Outline of the embodiment]
First, an outline of the embodiment will be described. In the outline of the present embodiment, as an example, the reference numerals of the corresponding components of the embodiment are given in parentheses.

  (1) The charging device includes an extraction unit (101) that extracts power from a wiring through which an alternating current flows, a matching unit (102) that matches impedance with an output impedance of the extraction unit, and an extracted power extracted by the extraction unit A rectifying unit (103) for rectifying the battery from AC to DC, a battery (105), a charging unit (104) for charging the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit, and the charging unit A control unit (106) for controlling a charging current used for charging the battery, a charging voltage, or both a charging current and a charging voltage, or performing impedance adjustment for impedance matching in the matching unit; Have The control unit measures the rectified extracted power and the necessary power necessary for charging the battery, and controls the rectified extracted power and the necessary power to be equal.

  (2) The charging device includes a toroidal core capable of adjusting the gap length, and an extraction unit (1701) that extracts power from a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and a matching unit (1102) that performs impedance matching with the output impedance of the extraction unit ), A rectifying unit (103) that rectifies the extracted power extracted by the extracting unit from alternating current to direct current, a battery (105), and charging the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit Control the charging unit (104) and the charging current, charging voltage, or both charging current and charging voltage used by the charging unit to charge the battery, or adjust the gap length of the toroidal core And a control unit (106) for performing. The control unit measures the rectified extracted power and the necessary power necessary for charging the battery, and controls the rectified extracted power and the necessary power to be equal.

  Hereinafter, each embodiment based on the outline | summary of embodiment mentioned above is described in detail based on drawing. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted. Further, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples for describing the embodiments.

[Embodiment 1]
A charging apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

<Configuration of charging device>
First, the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 1, a commercial power line carrying a commercial current from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power line. The structure of the charging device which charges a battery is shown.

  The charging device includes an extraction unit 101, a matching unit 102, a rectifying unit 103, a charging unit 104, a battery 105, and a control unit 106.

  The extraction unit 101 is an extraction unit that is attached to a commercial power line 107 that is a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and extracts power from the commercial power line 107. The operation by the extraction unit 101 is an operation of an extraction step in the charging method.

  The matching unit 102 is connected to the extraction unit 101 and is a matching unit that performs impedance matching with the output impedance of the extraction unit 101. The operation by the matching unit 102 is the operation of the matching step in the charging method.

  The rectifying unit 103 is connected to the matching unit 102 connected to the extracting unit 101, and is a rectifying unit that rectifies the extracted power extracted by the extracting unit 101 and impedance matched by the matching unit 102 from AC to DC. . The operation by the rectifying unit 103 is an operation of a rectifying step in the charging method.

  The charging unit 104 is connected to the rectifying unit 103 and is a charging unit that charges the battery 105 using the rectified and extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit 103. The operation by the charging unit 104 is an operation of a charging step in the charging method.

  The battery 105 is a battery connected to the charging unit 104 and charged by the charging unit 104. For example, a load such as a motor or an electric lamp is connected to the battery 105.

  Control unit 106 is connected to the input side (monitoring line 108) and output side (monitoring line 109) of charging unit 104, and is further connected to charging unit 104 and matching unit 102. Charging unit 104 charges battery 105. It is a control unit that controls the charging current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage used for performing the adjustment, or performs impedance adjustment for impedance matching in the matching unit 102. The operation by the control unit 106 is an operation of a control step in the charging method.

  In FIG. 1, the extraction unit 101 is configured, for example, by passing a commercial power line 107 through the center of a toroidal core 101a and winding a winding 101b around the toroidal core 101a. With this configuration, an electromotive force can be generated at both ends of the winding 101b. The material of the toroidal core 101a has a high relative magnetic permeability and hardly causes magnetic saturation. For example, silicon steel is used at commercial frequencies. Further, the toroidal core 101a shows an example of a donut shape.

  The electromotive force generated in the winding 101b can be extracted with the matching unit 102 by matching impedance with the output impedance of the winding 101b. This extracted electric power is commercial frequency alternating current, which is rectified by the rectifying unit 103 to become direct current and is input to the charging unit 104. The charging unit 104 charges the battery 105 with a charging current and a charging voltage that match the input direct current with the charging characteristics of the battery 105.

<Operation of matching unit>
The operation of the matching unit 102 in the charging device shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the matching unit 102 in the charging device. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the input impedance of the matching unit 102 and the extracted power. The horizontal axis represents the input impedance of the matching unit 102 and the vertical axis represents the extracted power.

  When the input impedance of the matching unit 102 becomes equal to the output impedance of the extraction unit 101, that is, the output impedance of the winding 101b, the matching point 201 is obtained, and the maximum power is extracted.

  The matching unit 102 has functions 202 and 203 that change the input impedance under the control of the control unit 106. It can be varied from the point 204 having the lowest input impedance to the point 205 having the highest input impedance. Matching point 201 is in the impedance between point 204 and point 205. The point 204 having the lowest input impedance and the point 205 having the highest input impedance have less power that can be extracted than the matching point 201. Note that it is assumed that the output impedance of the matching unit 102 and the input impedance of the rectifying unit 103 are always matched.

<Operation of charging unit and control unit>
The operation of the charging unit 104 and the control unit 106 in the charging apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the charging device. FIG. 3 shows the input / output voltage, current, and power states of the charging unit 104.

  FIG. 3C shows a battery voltage V [B] 304 and a battery current I [B] 305 for charging the battery 105. Assuming that the battery 105 is completely discharged, the charging unit 104 first performs a constant current operation in which the charging current I [C] that is the output of the charging unit 104 is set to the current value I [O]. Thereafter, when the battery voltage V [B] reaches a voltage value V [O] that is a threshold voltage for switching from constant current operation to constant voltage operation, the voltage value V [E] that is considered to be fully charged from the constant current operation. The charging voltage V [C], which is the output of the charging unit 104, is set to the voltage value of V [D], which is a little higher voltage, and a constant voltage operation is performed. When battery voltage V [B] reaches voltage value V [E], it is determined that the battery is fully charged, and the charging operation is stopped. In these operations, the control unit 106 measures and monitors the battery voltage V [B] through the monitoring line 109, thereby controlling the charging unit 104.

  FIG. 3A shows the extracted power P [x] 301 supplied to the charging unit 104 and the necessary power P [n] 302 required by the charging unit 104.

  The extracted power P [x] 301 illustrated in FIG. 3A is extracted by the extraction unit 101 and input to the charging unit 104 via the matching unit 102 and the rectification unit 103. In the example of FIG. 3A, the extracted power P [x] 301 is a constant power P1. The required power P [n] 302 is the product of the battery voltage V [B] 304 and the battery current I [B] 305 in FIG. 3C, and from the time t1 to the time t2, which is a constant current period, The required power P [n] 302 increases as V [B] 304 increases. From time t2 to time t3, which is a constant voltage period, the battery voltage V [B] 304 rises gradually and the battery current I [B] also decreases. 302 gradually decreases. Electric power is no longer necessary after time t3 when the battery is fully charged.

  FIG. 3B shows a supply voltage V [S] 303 that is an input voltage of the charging unit 104, and the control unit 106 measures and monitors the monitoring line 108. As shown in FIG. 3A, if the extracted power P [x] 301 is a constant power P1, the extracted power P [x] 301 and the necessary power are required from time t1 to time t2, which is a constant current period. The voltage becomes a difference voltage from P [n] 302, the voltage decreases, and reaches a minimum value at time t2. Thereafter, the difference between the extracted power P [x] 301 and the necessary power P [n] 302 increases from time t2 to time t3, which are constant voltage periods, and the voltage increases according to the difference.

  Here, at time t3 when the battery is fully charged, the control unit 106 measures and monitors the battery voltage V [B] through the monitoring line 109, and is controlled by the battery voltage V [B] having reached the voltage value V [E]. The unit 106 recognizes. At this time, the battery current I [B] becomes the current value I [E]. The control unit 106 recognizes that the battery is fully charged at time t3, and instructs the matching unit 102 to shift the matching state. In FIG. 2, control is performed so that the point 204 or the point 205 is moved from the matching point 201. As a result, the extracted power decreases, the extracted power P [x] 301 decreases to the power P0 as shown in FIG. 3A, and the supply voltage V [S] 303 shown in FIG. 3B also decreases.

  As can be seen from FIG. 3A, the maximum required power, which is the maximum value of the required power P [n] 302, is the power at the time t2 when the constant current operation is switched to the constant voltage operation. Accordingly, the extracted power P [x] 301 needs to be greater than or equal to the maximum necessary power, and the extraction unit 101 is designed to extract the amount of power in consideration of the loss in the matching unit 102 and the rectification unit 103. There is a need. Since the battery voltage V [E] is determined by the battery 105, the maximum required power is determined by the set current value I [O] of the charging current I [C] during the constant current operation.

  FIG. 4 shows the state of the battery voltage, the battery current, and the required power that change depending on the set current value of the charging current I [C] during the constant current operation. FIG. 4B shows the battery voltage V [B] and the battery current I [B], and FIG. 4A shows the required power P [n].

  I [O] max is a maximum charging current value allowed by the battery 105. The set current value must be I [O] max or less. When the set current value of the charging current I [C] during constant current operation is I [O] max, the battery current I [B] is 402, the battery voltage V [B] is 401, and the required power P [n] Are respectively indicated at 403. Compared with the battery current I [B] 305, the battery voltage V [B] 304, and the required power P [n] 302 when the set current value I [O] is smaller than I [O] max, the following can be understood.

  (1) The battery voltage at time t1 is the same as the voltage discharged from the battery 105, but I [O] max is greater than I [O], so the necessary power P [n] at time t1 The required power P [n] P5 when I [O] max is larger than the required power P [n] P3 when I [O].

  (2) The time for switching from constant current operation to constant voltage operation is time t4 when I [O] max, and is shorter than time t2 when I [O].

  (3) The voltage value V [O], which is the threshold voltage for switching from constant current operation to constant voltage operation, is the same, but I [O] max is greater than I [O], so I at time t4 The maximum required power P4 when [O] max is larger than the maximum required power P2 when I [O] at time t2.

  (4) The time when the battery 105 is fully charged is time t5 when I [O] max, and is shorter than time t3 when I [O].

  From the above, in order to shorten the time for fully charging the battery 105, the set current value of the charging current I [C] at the constant current operation may be set to I [O] max. Electric power increases. In order to cope with this, it is necessary to increase the scale of the toroidal core 101a in the extraction unit 101, the size of the extraction unit 101 increases, and the weight also increases. Accordingly, the set current value of the charging current I [C] during the constant current operation is determined by the charging device such as the size and weight of the extraction unit 101 and the length of time until the battery 105 is fully charged. Determined by overall specifications.

<Charging method for efficiently using the extracted power when the set current value of the charging current I [C] during constant current operation is I [O] smaller than I [O] max>
In the charging apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a charging method for efficiently using the extracted power when the set current value of the charging current I [C] during constant current operation is smaller than I [O] max is I [O]. This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a control flow of the control unit 106 in the charging apparatus. FIG. 5 shows the state of the battery voltage, battery current, required power, and extracted power when the control flow of FIG. 6 is performed. FIG. 5B shows the battery voltage V [B] and the battery current I [B], and FIG. 5A shows the necessary power P [n] and the extracted power P [x].

  In the example of FIG. 5, the extracted power P [x] 504 is the threshold time for switching from the constant current operation to the constant voltage operation when the set current value of the charging current I [C] during the constant current operation is I [O]. The power at t2, that is, the maximum required power P2, which is the maximum value of the required power P [n] 302, is constant. Further, the battery voltage V [B] is 502, the battery current I [B] is 503, and the necessary power P [n] is 501.

  In step 601, control by the control unit 106 starts.

  In step 602, control unit 106 initially sets a set current value (charging current I [C]) for constant current operation to I [O] max. Further, the set voltage value (charge voltage V [C]) for the constant voltage operation is set to V [D], which is a voltage slightly higher than the voltage value V [E] considered to be fully charged. The initial set value of the set current value for constant current operation may be any value as long as it is I [O] max or less. In FIG. 5, the initial setting value will be described as I [O] max.

  In step 603, the control unit 106 controls the matching unit 102 to adjust the impedance to the impedance matching point 201 in FIG. 2 so that the electromotive force generated in the extraction unit 101 can be extracted with the maximum power. As an algorithm for adjustment, the steepest descent method is known.

  In step 604, the control unit 106 measures the battery voltage V [B] using the monitoring line 109.

  In step 605, the control unit 106 determines the current charging state of the battery 105, and the battery voltage V [B] is a voltage value that is a threshold voltage for switching the charging unit 104 from the constant current operation to the constant voltage operation. Compare whether V [O] is large or small.

  When the battery voltage V [B] is smaller than the voltage value V [O] as a result of Step 605, it is determined that the battery 105 is considerably discharged and is a constant current operation region. In Step 606, the control unit 106 The charging unit 104 is controlled to perform a constant current operation with the charging current I [C] as a current set value at that time, and the battery 105 is charged.

  In step 607, the control unit 106 measures the extracted power P [x] and the necessary power P [n]. For example, the extracted power P [x] is measured by the monitoring line 108 and the necessary power P [n] is measured by the monitoring line 109. The extracted power P [x] may be obtained by directly measuring the power or by taking the product of the supply voltage V [S] and the supply current that is the input current of the charging unit 104. The required power P [n] may be obtained by directly measuring the power or by measuring the battery voltage V [B] and the battery current I [B] and taking the product thereof. Alternatively, the battery voltage V [B] may be measured and obtained by taking the product with the constant current value set at that time.

  In step 608, the control unit 106 compares the measured extracted power P [x] with the measured required power P [n].

  As a result of step 608, if the measured extracted power P [x] is greater than or equal to the measured required power P [n], in step 609, the currently set current value (I [C]) of the constant current operation is set to I [O] Check whether it is smaller than max. If I [C] is smaller than I [O] max, the process proceeds to step 610. If I [C] is greater than or equal to I [O] max, the process proceeds to step 611.

  In step 610, the set current value for constant current operation is added by the value α, and the flow returns to step 604.

  In step 611, the set current value for constant current operation is subtracted by the value α, and the flow returns to step 604.

  In steps 604 to 611, the constant current operation is set so that the extracted power P [x] and the required power P [n] are substantially equal with the set current value of the constant current operation set to I [O] max as the maximum value. It is adjusted to the current value. If the value of α in steps 610 and 611 is small, the difference between the extracted power P [x] and the required power P [n] can be suppressed to a small value, but adjustment takes time. Increasing the value of α shortens the time required for adjustment, but increases the difference between the extracted power P [x] and the required power P [n].

  The operation from step 604 to step 611 will be described with reference to FIG. From time t1 to time t6, the set current value of the constant current operation is the maximum I [O] max and is the required power P [n] 403, but the extracted power P [x] 504 is larger. From time t6 to time t7, the required power P [n] 403 and the extracted power P [x] 504 are equal at time t6. Thereafter, the battery voltage 502 is adjusted to a set current value for constant current operation that uses only the extracted power P [x] 504, and the battery voltage 502 is a threshold voltage for switching from constant current operation to constant voltage operation at time t7. ]become. Time t7 is between time t4 and time t2. At time t7, the battery voltage V [B] in step 605 becomes equal to or higher than the voltage value V [O], and the process proceeds to step 612.

  If the battery voltage V [B] is equal to or higher than the voltage value V [O] as a result of Step 605, it is determined that the battery 105 is a region of constant voltage operation that is considerably charged or not discharged very much, and Step 612 , The control unit 106 controls the charging unit 104 to set the charging voltage V [C] to V [D], which is a voltage slightly higher than the voltage value V [E] considered to be fully charged, to achieve constant voltage operation. The battery 105 is charged.

  In step 613, in order to determine whether or not the battery 105 is fully charged, the control unit 106 measures the battery voltage V [B] using the monitoring line 109.

  In step 614, the control unit 106 compares the battery voltage V [B] with respect to the voltage value V [E] considered to be fully charged, and compares the battery voltage V [B] with the voltage value V [E]. ], It is determined that the battery 105 is not fully charged, and the process returns to step 604.

  If the battery voltage V [B] is equal to or higher than the voltage value V [E] as a result of step 614, it is determined in step 615 that the battery 105 is fully charged, and charging is stopped.

  In step 616, in order to constantly check the state of charge of the battery 105, the control unit 106 measures the battery voltage V [B] using the monitoring line 109.

  In step 617, whether the voltage of the battery voltage V [B] is larger or smaller than the voltage value V [E] considered to be fully charged is compared, and the battery voltage V [B] is equal to or higher than the voltage value V [E]. If so, the battery 105 is determined to be fully charged, and the process returns to step 616 to enter the battery 105 charge state monitoring mode. If the battery voltage V [B] is less than the voltage value V [E], it is determined that the battery 105 is not fully charged, the battery 105 is out of the charge state monitoring mode, and the process returns to step 602.

  Although not shown in FIG. 1, a load such as a motor or an electric lamp is connected to the battery 105, and there is a possibility that the power of the battery 105 is always consumed. Accordingly, the monitoring mode of the state of charge of the battery 105 in steps 616 and 617 is required.

  The operation from step 612 to step 615 will be described with reference to FIG. From time t7 to time t8, at time t7, the battery voltage V [B] becomes a voltage value V [O] that is a threshold voltage for switching from constant current operation to constant voltage operation. The charging voltage V [C] is set to the voltage value of V [D], which is a voltage slightly higher than the voltage value V [E] to be considered, and the operation proceeds to the constant voltage operation. At time t8, the battery voltage V [B] becomes the voltage value V [E], and it is determined that the battery is fully charged, and the charging operation is stopped. Time t8 is between time t5 and time t3. That is, when the control flow of FIG. 6 is performed, the battery is fully charged in a shorter time than when the control flow is not performed. Further, the maximum value of the required power P [n] 501 is the same at P2, that is, the size and weight of the extraction unit 101 are the same.

  That is, when the control flow of FIG. 6 is performed, even when the size and weight of the extraction unit 101 are the same, the set current value of the charging current I [C] during constant current operation is set to a constant value of I [O]. The battery can be fully charged in a shorter period of time, which means that the extracted power can be used efficiently.

  Note that the set voltage value of the charging voltage V [C] is adjusted if V [D], which is the set voltage value of the constant voltage operation, is less than the maximum voltage V [D] max allowed by the battery 105. As a result, the set voltage value can be fully charged in a shorter time than when the set voltage value is set to V [D], which is effective in efficiently using the extracted power.

<Method for Efficiently Extracting Extracted Power P [x] During Constant Voltage Operation>
Next, a method for efficiently extracting the extracted power P [x] during the constant voltage operation will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a control flow of the control unit 106 in the charging apparatus. FIG. 7 shows the state of the battery voltage, battery current, required power, and extracted power when the control flow of FIG. 8 is performed. FIG. 7C shows the battery voltage V [B] and the battery current I [B], FIG. 7B shows the supply voltage V [S], and FIG. 7A shows the required power P [n]. The extracted power P [x] is shown. In FIG. 7, the constant current operation up to time t2 is the same as in FIG. In FIG. 8, the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  In Step 801 after Step 612, the control unit 106 measures the extracted power P [x] and the necessary power P [n]. For example, the extracted power P [x] is measured by the monitoring line 108 and the necessary power P [n] is measured by the monitoring line 109. The extracted power P [x] may be obtained by directly measuring the power or by taking the product of the supply voltage V [S] and the supply current that is the input current of the charging unit 104. The required power P [n] may be obtained by directly measuring the power or by measuring the battery voltage V [B] and the battery current I [B] and taking the product thereof. Alternatively, the battery voltage V [B] may be measured and obtained by taking the product with the constant current value set at that time.

  In step 802, the control unit 106 compares the measured extracted power P [x] with the measured required power P [n].

  If the measured extracted power P [x] is less than the measured required power P [n] as a result of Step 802, it is confirmed in Step 803 whether the matching unit 102 is in a matching state. If it is determined that the current state is the matching state, the extracted power cannot be increased any more. Therefore, the charging unit 104 operates at a constant voltage of the set voltage V [D], and the battery current I [[ B]. Then, the process proceeds to step 613.

  As a result of step 803, if it is determined that the matching state is not established, in step 804, the control unit 106 controls the matching unit 102 so that the electromotive force generated in the extraction unit 101 can be extracted with the maximum power. The impedance is adjusted to the impedance matching point 201 in FIG. Then, the process returns to step 801.

  If, as a result of step 802, the measured extracted power P [x] is equal to or greater than the measured required power P [n], in step 805, the control unit 106 slightly changes from the matching state to the matching unit 102 (input impedance d). Give instructions to stagger. The operation of the matching unit 102 based on this instruction will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the input impedance of the matching unit 102 and the extracted power. The horizontal axis represents the input impedance of the matching unit 102 and the vertical axis represents the extracted power. In the example of FIG. 9, the input impedance d is reduced from the matching point 201 to the point 204 ([−] direction). As a result, the extracted power in the extraction unit 101 decreases. After performing this process, the process proceeds to step 806.

  In step 806, as in step 801, the control unit 106 measures the extracted power P [x] and the required power P [n].

  In step 807, the control unit 106 compares the measured extracted power P [x] with the measured required power P [n]. If the measured extracted power P [x] is equal to or greater than the measured required power P [n], the process returns to Step 805.

  If the measured extracted power P [x] is less than the measured required power P [n] as a result of Step 807, the control unit 106 slightly enters the matching state with respect to the matching unit 102 (input impedance d) in Step 808. Give instructions to return. Referring to FIG. 9, the input impedance d is increased from the point far from the matching point 201 toward the matching point 201 ([+] direction). As a result, the extraction power in the extraction unit 101 increases. In step 808, the measured extracted power P [x] is less than the measured required power P [n]. However, before the input impedance d is reduced in step 805, the measured extracted power P [x] is measured. P [n] or more, to return to that state. Then, the process proceeds to step 613.

  By repeating Step 805, Step 806, and Step 807, the finally measured extracted power P [x] and the measured required power P [n] can be made substantially equal. 701 in FIG. 7 shows the transition of the extracted power P [x]. The process is repeated until the extracted power P [x] is approximately equal to the required power P [n].

  When the control flow of FIG. 8 is performed, the extracted power P [x] during the constant voltage operation can be made substantially equal to the required power P [n], which means that all the extracted power is charged. This has the effect of efficiently extracting and using electric power.

  Also, by inserting the processing from step 801 to step 808 between step 608 no and step 611 in the control flow of FIG. 6, the extracted power P [x] can be used as the required power P [ n]. In the example of FIG. 5, the extracted power P [x] between time t1 and time t6 can be made substantially equal to the required power P [n] 501.

<Configuration of matching section>
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the matching unit 102. FIG. 10 is an example of a π-type impedance matching circuit. The matching unit 102 includes a switch 1001, capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d, an inductor 1003, a capacitor 1004, and a control signal input terminal 1005. In the matching unit 102, one end of the inductor 1003 is connected to the extraction unit 101, and the other end is connected to the rectification unit 103. Between one end of the inductor 1003 and the ground, a four-circuit switch 1001 and capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d are connected. A capacitor 1004 is connected between the other end of the inductor 1003 and the ground.

  Capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d are selected by a control signal from the control unit 106 that is input from the control signal input terminal 1005 by the switch 1001, respectively. If the capacities of the capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d are, for example, C, 2C, 4C, and 8C, respectively, it is possible to make variable steps in units of the capacity C from the capacity C to the capacity 15C by selecting the switch 1001. is there.

  The inductance of the inductor 1003 and the capacitance of the capacitor 1004 are between the minimum value and the maximum value of the capacitance that can be varied by the capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d. For example, a value including the point 204 is set.

  The switch 1001 shows only four switches in FIG. 10, but the number of switch circuits can be further increased. Further, in parallel with the switch 1001 and the capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d, a capacitor is disposed between the terminal on the opposite side of the inductor 1003 where the capacitor 1004 is connected and the ground, and the switch 1001 and the capacitors 1002a and 1002b are connected. , 1002c, 1002d may be used for correcting the capacitance of the arranged capacitors. Furthermore, the switch 1001 and the capacitors 1002a, 1002b, 1002c, and 1002d may be replaced with the capacitor 1004. Furthermore, the capacitor 1004 may also be configured by a switch and a capacitor and controlled by the control unit 106.

  As described above, the selection of the switch 1001 is controlled by the control unit 106, whereby the input impedance can be changed.

<Effect of Embodiment 1>
According to the charging device according to the first embodiment described above, power can be extracted without waste from the commercial power line 107 side through which an alternating current flows, and the extracted power can be used efficiently. That is, according to the configuration of the charging device of FIG. 1, even if the size and weight of the extraction unit 101 are the same, the set current value of the charging current I [C] during the constant current operation and the charging voltage V [C during the constant voltage operation. ] Is adjusted so that the required power P [n] approaches the extracted power P [x], and the extracted power can be used efficiently. In addition, the extracted power P [x] at the time of constant voltage operation or constant current operation can be made substantially equal to the required power P [n], so that all the extracted power can be efficiently used for charging. Electric power can be extracted and used. The details are as follows.

  (1) The charging device includes the extraction unit 101, the matching unit 102, the rectification unit 103, the charging unit 104, the battery 105, and the control unit 106, so that the control unit 106 allows the extracted power P [ x] and the necessary power P [n] required for the charging unit 104 to charge the battery 105 are measured, and the extracted power P [x] and the necessary power P [n] are controlled to be equal. Can do.

  (2) The controller 106 increases or decreases the charging current I [C], the charging voltage V [C], or both the charging current I [C] and the charging voltage V [C] of the charging unit 104 and adjusts them. The required power P [n] can be increased or decreased to adjust the extracted power P [x] and the required power P [n] to be equal. Alternatively, the control unit 106 adjusts the input impedance of the matching unit 102 to increase or decrease the extracted power P [x], and adjust the extracted power P [x] and the required power P [n] to be equal. Can do. As a result, power can be extracted without waste from the commercial power line 107 side, and the extracted power can be used efficiently.

[Embodiment 2]
A charging apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 11, a commercial power line carrying a commercial current from a commercial power supply with a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. 11, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 represent the same functions.

  In the charging device shown in FIG. 11, the matching unit 1102 is obtained by removing the function of adjusting the input impedance from the control unit 106 performed in the matching unit 102 in FIG. Impedance matching is performed between the extraction unit 101 and the subsequent block of the matching unit 1102, which is the rectifying unit 103 in FIG. A load adjustment unit 1101 is provided between the rectification unit 103 and the charging unit 104 so that the load impedance viewed from the rectification unit 103 can be adjusted by a control signal from the control unit 106. The operation by the load adjustment unit 1101 is an operation of a load adjustment step in the charging method.

  When the load impedance of the load adjustment unit 1101 is changed, the output impedance viewed from the matching unit 1102 is changed via the rectification unit 103, and the change in the output impedance results in the input impedance of the matching unit 1102 being changed. . That is, by changing the load impedance of the load adjustment unit 1101, the matching unit 1102 can also realize the relationship between the input impedance of the matching unit 102 and the extracted power described with reference to FIG. Therefore, by using the flowchart of the control flow in FIG. 8, it is possible to obtain the same effect as in FIG. That is, the control unit 106 can increase or decrease the extracted power by adjusting the load impedance, which is the input impedance of the load adjusting unit 1101, and can adjust the extracted power and the required power to be equal.

  The configuration of the load adjustment unit 1101 can be realized by the same configuration as that in FIG. That is, it can be realized by a π-type impedance matching circuit composed of switches, capacitors, inductors, and the like.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 11, since the load impedance adjustment is performed by the load adjustment unit 1101 where the direct current is rectified by the rectification unit 103, the analysis in the imaginary number region does not have to be taken into consideration. This has the effect of simplifying the configuration. In addition, the output impedance of the load adjustment unit 1101 can be set to a low impedance by using a constant voltage source or the like, and can be configured to be less susceptible to impedance changes at the subsequent stage of the load adjustment unit 1101.

  In the configuration of FIG. 11, the matching unit 1102 does not perform control from the control unit 106, but the matching unit 102 of FIG.

[Embodiment 3]
A charging apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the third embodiment, differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the third embodiment. In FIG. 12, a commercial power supply line through which a commercial current flows from a commercial power supply with a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power supply line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. 12, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 represent the same functions.

  In the charging apparatus shown in FIG. 12, the protection unit 1201 is a combination of the load adjustment unit 1101 of FIG. 11 and the protection function.

  An example of the configuration of the protection unit 1201 is shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the protection unit 1201. The protection unit 1201 includes an FET 1301, a resistor 1302, a capacitor 1303, a diode 1304, a diode 1305, a resistor 1306, a resistor 1307, a control signal input terminal 1308, a signal line 1309, a variable resistor 1310, and a control signal input terminal 1311. . In the protection unit 1201, the signal line 1309 is connected between the rectification unit 103 and the charging unit 104. A variable resistor 1310 and an FET 1301 are connected in series between the signal line 1309 and the ground. A resistor 1302 and a capacitor 1303 are connected in parallel between the gate of the FET 1301 and the ground. A resistor 1307 and a resistor 1306 are connected in series between the signal line 1309 and the ground. A diode 1305 is connected to the gate of the FET 1301 in the forward direction from a connection point between the resistor 1307 and the resistor 1306. From the control signal input terminal 1308, the diode 1304 is connected to the gate of the FET 1301 in the forward direction.

  First, the overvoltage protection operation of the signal line 1309 will be described. A voltage obtained by dividing the voltage V of the signal line 1309 by the resistor 1307 and the resistor 1306 causes a current to flow through the diode 1305, the electric charge is accumulated in the capacitor 1303, and the voltage of the capacitor 1303 exceeds the threshold of the gate voltage VG of the FET 1301. Then, the FET 1301 is turned on, and the signal line 1309 is shunted. That is, the overvoltage value of the signal line 1309 is set by the voltage division ratio between the resistor 1307 and the resistor 1306. The resistor 1302 and the capacitor 1303 discharge the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor 1303 with a time constant determined by the constant, thereby turning off the FET 1301.

  A control voltage exceeding the threshold of the gate voltage VG of the FET 1301 is applied from the control unit 106 to the control signal input terminal 1308 via the diode 1304, so that the FET 1301 of the protection unit 1201 is turned on, and the signal line 1309 is transmitted from the control unit 106. Can be shunted.

  According to the configuration of the protection unit 1201 in FIG. 13, the diodes 1304 and 1305 prevent the backflow of the voltage of the overvoltage protection operation and the control voltage from the control unit 106, respectively, and in addition to the overvoltage protection operation of the signal line 1309 with a simple configuration. Thus, the control unit 106 can control the protection operation.

  In the example of FIG. 13, a variable resistor 1310 is disposed between the FET 1301 and the signal line 1309. The variable resistor 1310 can change the resistance value of the variable resistor 1310 by inputting a control signal from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1311.

  Normally, the resistance value of the variable resistor 1310 is 0Ω, and an overvoltage protection operation is performed. When changing the load impedance, a resistance value setting control signal is input from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1311, thereby setting a resistance value in the variable resistor 1310. A control voltage exceeding the threshold of the gate voltage VG of the FET 1301 is applied from the control unit 106 to the control signal input terminal 1308 via the diode 1304, so that the FET 1301 of the protection unit 1201 is turned on, and the signal line 1309 and the ground are connected. A variable resistor 1310 is connected between and a load having a set resistance value. If necessary, after that, the resistance value of the variable resistor 1310 is adjusted by inputting a control signal from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1311.

  A method for efficiently extracting the extracted power P [x] during the constant voltage operation in the configurations of FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a control flow of the control unit 106, and the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 6 and 8 denote the same functions.

  By performing control from the control unit 106 in steps 805 and 808, the relationship between the input impedance of the matching unit 1102 and the extracted power of the extraction unit 101 shown in FIG. Thereby, by using the control flow of FIG. 14, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of FIG. In addition, the following is performed as a protection function.

  In step 1401, when the battery voltage V [B] is equal to or higher than the voltage value V [E] as a result of step 614, it is determined that the battery 105 is fully charged.

  In step 1402, since the battery 105 is fully charged, no power is required, and the required power P [n] is zero. Here, the control unit 106 instructs the protection unit 1201 to shift the alignment state of the alignment unit 1102. In FIG. 9, control is performed so as to move from the match point 201 to the point 204. As a result, the extracted power P [x] decreases.

  In step 1403, the control unit 106 instructs the protection unit 1201 to shift the alignment state of the alignment unit 1102, and then instructs the protection unit 1201 to turn protection on. The protection unit 1201 receives this and shunts the circuit.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 12, the load impedance can be changed with a simple configuration common to the overvoltage protection as shown in FIG. 13, and the input impedance of the matching unit 1102 can be adjusted. By adjusting the control voltage from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1308 via the diode 1304, the FET 1301 has the function of the variable resistor 1310 and the function of the shunt, the variable resistor 1310 is eliminated, and the load impedance It is also possible to adjust the input impedance of the matching unit 1102 by changing.

  In the configuration of FIG. 12, the matching unit 1102 does not perform control from the control unit 106, but the matching unit 102 of FIG. 1 can be used and control can be used together.

[Embodiment 4]
A charging apparatus according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. In the fourth embodiment, differences from the first to third embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. In FIG. 15, a commercial power line carrying a commercial current from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. 15, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 represent the same functions.

  In the charging apparatus shown in FIG. 15, the protection unit 1501 is disposed in front of the matching unit 1102 and has a function of shifting the matching between the protection function and the extraction unit 101.

  An example of the configuration of the protection unit 1501 is shown in FIG. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the protection unit 1501, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 13 represent the same functions. In FIG. 16, a variable resistor 1310 and a relay 1601 are arranged between the signal line 1602 and the ground. The variable resistor 1310 can change the resistance value of the variable resistor 1310 by inputting a control signal from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1311.

  The relay 1601 is normally off. At this time, the extraction unit 101 and the matching unit 1102 are matched, and the matching point 201 in FIGS. 2 and 9 is obtained.

  When shifting the matching, a resistance value setting control signal is input from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1311, the resistance value is set to the variable resistor 1310, and the relay 1601 is turned on to the control signal input terminal 1308. When the control voltage is applied from the control unit 106, the relay 1601 is turned on, and the variable resistor 1310 is connected between the signal line 1602 and the ground, and a load having a set resistance value is obtained. If necessary, after that, the resistance value of the variable resistor 1310 is adjusted by inputting a control signal from the control unit 106 from the control signal input terminal 1311.

  According to the configuration shown in FIG. 15, the load impedance can be changed with a simple configuration as shown in FIG. Therefore, by using the control flow of FIG. 14, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of FIG.

  In the configuration of FIG. 15, the matching unit 1102 does not perform control from the control unit 106, but the matching unit 102 of FIG. 1 can be used and control can be used together. Also, it can be used in combination with the embodiment of FIG. 11 or FIG.

[Embodiment 5]
A charging apparatus according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the fifth embodiment, differences from the first to fourth embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. In FIG. 17, a commercial power line carrying a commercial current from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. In FIG. 17, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 represent the same functions.

  In the charging device shown in FIG. 17, the extraction unit 1701 is attached to the commercial power line 107, passes the commercial power line 107 through the center of the toroidal core 1701a whose gap length can be adjusted, and winds the winding 1701b around the toroidal core 1701a. Consists of. With this configuration, an electromotive force can be generated at both ends of the winding 1701b. Reference numeral 1701c denotes a gap of the toroidal core 1701a.

  In the example of FIG. 17, the toroidal core 1701 a of the extraction unit 1701 is provided with a function that can adjust the gap length of the gap 1701 c by a control signal from the control unit 106.

  FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the operation of the extraction unit 1701. FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the gap length of the toroidal core 1701a and the extracted power, where the horizontal axis indicates the gap length and the vertical axis indicates the extracted power. In general, when the gap length is increased, the relative permeability is decreased, and as a result, the extracted power is decreased. A point 1801 is when the gap length is the narrowest, and the extracted power is maximum. A point 1802 is when the gap length is maximized, and the extracted power is minimized. δ is a length when the gap length is gradually increased.

  A method for efficiently extracting the extracted power P [x] during the constant voltage operation in the charging device shown in FIG. 17 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a control flow of the control unit 106, and the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 6, 8, and 14 indicate the same functions.

  Most of the operations are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 6, 8, and 14, and the differences are as follows.

  In step 1901 after step 602, the gap length is minimized. In FIG. 18, the point is 1801, and the extracted power is maximized. At this time, the extraction unit 1701 and the matching unit 1102 are in a matched state.

  In step 1902 after step 802 (no), in FIG. 8, it was confirmed in step 803 whether the alignment unit 102 is in an alignment state, whereas in FIG. 19, whether the gap length is the minimum length, that is, At point 1801, it is confirmed whether the extracted power is maximum. When it is confirmed that the gap length is the minimum point 1801, the extracted power cannot be increased any more. Therefore, the charging unit 104 performs the extraction power P [x] with the constant voltage operation of the set voltage V [D]. The battery current I [B] is allowed to flow within the range. Then, the process proceeds to step 613.

  As a result of step 1902, when it is confirmed that the gap length is not the minimum length, in step 1903, the control unit 106 can extract the electromotive force generated by the extraction unit 1701 with the maximum power by controlling the extraction unit 1701. Thus, the gap length in FIG. Then, the process returns to step 801.

  In step 1904 after step 802 (yes), the alignment of the alignment unit 102 is slightly shifted in step 805 in FIG. 8, whereas in FIG. 19, the gap length is slightly increased. In FIG. 18, for example, the gap length is increased by δ from the point 1801 having the smallest gap length. As a result, the extraction power in the extraction unit 1701 decreases. After performing this process, the process proceeds to step 806.

  In step 1905, if the measured extracted power P [x] is less than the measured required power P [n] as a result of step 807, the control unit 106 slightly returns the matching unit 102 to the matching state in FIG. In contrast to giving an instruction, in FIG. 19, the gap length is narrowed by δ. Referring to FIG. 18, the gap length is narrowed by δ in the direction of the point 1801 from a point far from the point 1801. As a result, the extraction power in the extraction unit 1701 increases. In step 1905, the measured extracted power P [x] is less than the measured required power P [n], but before the gap length is increased by δ in step 1904, the measured extracted power P [x] is the measured required power. P [n] or more, to return to that state. Then, the process proceeds to step 613.

  In Step 1906 after Step 1401, since the battery 105 is fully charged, no power is required, and the required power P [n] is zero. Here, in FIG. 14, the control unit 106 shifts the matching state of the matching unit 1102 with respect to the protection unit 1201 to reduce the extracted power P [x]. However, in FIG. 19, the gap length is maximized, that is, in FIG. At 1802, the extracted power is minimized.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 17, when the gap length of the toroidal core 1701a is minimized, the maximum value of the extraction power of the extraction unit 1701 is maximized, and when the gap length of the toroidal core 1701a is maximized, the extraction power of the extraction unit 1701 is minimum. In general, the value is monotonously decreased during this period, so that the increase / decrease of the extracted power can be easily controlled. Thus, the same effect as in FIG. 1 can be obtained by using the control flow in FIG.

  In the configuration of FIG. 17, the matching unit 1102 does not perform control from the control unit 106, but the matching unit 102 of FIG. 1 can be used and control can be used together. Further, it can be used in combination with the embodiment shown in FIGS.

[Embodiment 6]
A charging apparatus according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the sixth embodiment, differences from the first to fifth embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the sixth embodiment. In FIG. 20, a commercial power supply line through which a commercial current flows from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power supply line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. 20, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 represent the same functions.

  In the charging device shown in FIG. 20, a current detection unit 2001 that measures the amount of current of the commercial power line 107 is provided. The current detection unit 2001 is attached to the commercial power line 107 and measures the value of the current flowing through the commercial power line 107. The operation of the current detection unit 2001 is an operation of a current detection step in the charging method. The measured current value flowing through the commercial power line 107 is input to the control unit 106 through the monitoring line 2002. The control unit 106 converts the measured current value flowing through the commercial power line 107 into the extracted power extracted by the extraction unit 101, further extracts the extraction unit 101, and matches the matching unit 1102, the rectification unit 103, and the load adjustment unit 1101. Is converted into the extracted power P [x] input to the charging unit 104 via That is, it can be used for the measurement of the extracted power P [x] shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 8, FIG. 14, and FIG.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 20, since the value of the current flowing through the commercial power line 107 can be directly measured and converted into the extracted power P [x] input to the charging unit 104, the accurate extracted power P [x ] Can be obtained.

  In the configuration of FIG. 20, the matching unit 1102 does not perform control from the control unit 106, but the matching unit 102 of FIG. 1 can be used and control can be used together. Further, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11, 12, 15, and 17 using the monitoring line 108 can be used together.

[Embodiment 7]
A charging apparatus according to the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the seventh embodiment, differences from the first to sixth embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the seventh embodiment. In FIG. 21, a commercial power supply line through which a commercial current flows from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power supply line by electromagnetic induction. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. In FIG. 21, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 represent the same functions.

  In the charging device shown in FIG. 21, a protection unit 2101 is disposed between the rectifying unit 103 and the charging unit 104 in FIG. 1. The protection unit 2101 is connected between the rectification unit 103 and the charging unit 104 and is also connected to the control unit 106. The protection unit 210 short-circuits the previous stage of the charging unit 104 with a protection control signal from the control unit 106 to connect the charging unit 104. It is a protection part to protect. The configuration of the protection unit 2101 is as shown in FIGS.

  In the configuration of FIG. 21, a method for efficiently extracting the extracted power P [x] during the constant voltage operation will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a control flow of the control unit 106, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 6 indicate the same functions. The protection function performed by the protection unit 2101 is as follows.

  In step 2201 after step 615, the battery 105 is fully charged, so no power is required, and the required power P [n] is zero. Here, the control unit 106 instructs the protection unit 2101 to shift the alignment state of the alignment unit 102. In FIG. 9, control is performed so as to move from the match point 201 to the point 204. As a result, the extracted power P [x] decreases.

  In step 2202, the control unit 106 instructs the protection unit 2101 to shift the alignment state of the alignment unit 102, and then instructs the protection unit 2101 to turn protection on. In response to this, the protection unit 2101 shunts the circuit. Then, the process proceeds to step 616.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 21, by arranging the protection unit 2101 between the rectification unit 103 and the charging unit 104, in addition to the effect of the configuration of FIG. 1, the protection unit 2101 can protect the charging unit 104. is there.

[Embodiment 8]
A charging apparatus according to the eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the eighth embodiment, differences from the first to seventh embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the eighth embodiment. In FIG. 23, a commercial power line carrying a commercial current from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. 23, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 11 represent the same functions.

  In the charging device shown in FIG. 23, a protection unit 2301 is arranged between the load adjustment unit 1101 and the charging unit 104 in FIG. 11. The protection unit 2301 is connected between the load adjustment unit 1101 and the charging unit 104 and is connected to the control unit 106. The protection unit 2301 shorts the previous stage of the charging unit 104 with a protection control signal from the control unit 106. It is the protection part which protects. The configuration of the protection unit 2301 is as shown in FIGS.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 23, the protection unit 2301 is disposed between the load adjustment unit 1101 and the charging unit 104, so that the charging unit 104 can be protected by the protection unit 2301 in addition to the effect of the configuration of FIG. 11. There is.

[Embodiment 9]
A charging apparatus according to the ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the ninth embodiment, differences from the first to eighth embodiments will be mainly described.

  FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging apparatus according to the ninth embodiment. In FIG. 24, a commercial power line carrying a commercial current from a commercial power supply having a commercial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz is considered as a wiring through which an alternating current flows, and power is extracted by electromagnetic induction from a magnetic field generated around the commercial power line. 2 shows another configuration of a charging device that charges a battery. 24, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 20 represent the same functions.

  In the charging device shown in FIG. 24, a protection unit 2401 is arranged between the load adjustment unit 1101 and the charging unit 104 in FIG. The protection unit 2401 is connected between the load adjustment unit 1101 and the charging unit 104 and is connected to the control unit 106. The protection unit 2401 short-circuits the previous stage of the charging unit 104 with a protection control signal from the control unit 106. It is the protection part which protects. The configuration of the protection unit 2401 is as shown in FIGS.

  According to the configuration of FIG. 24, the protection unit 2401 is disposed between the load adjustment unit 1101 and the charging unit 104, so that the charging unit 104 can be protected by the protection unit 2401 in addition to the effect of the configuration of FIG. 20. There is.

[Appendix]
The present invention has the following characteristics as a charging method.

(1) A charging method in a charging device for charging a battery by extracting electric power from a magnetic field generated around a wiring through which an alternating current flows by electromagnetic induction,
An extraction step in which the extraction unit extracts power from the wiring in which the alternating current flows;
A matching step in which the matching unit performs impedance matching with the output impedance of the extraction step;
A rectification step in which the rectification unit rectifies the extracted power extracted in the extraction step from alternating current to direct current;
A charging step in which the charging unit charges the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified in the rectification step;
A control step of controlling a charging current, a charging voltage, or both a charging current and a charging voltage used for charging the battery by the control unit, or performing an impedance adjustment for impedance matching in the matching unit;
Have
In the control step, the rectified and extracted power and the necessary power required for charging the battery are measured, and the rectified and extracted power is controlled to be equal to the necessary power.

(2) In the charging method according to (1),
In the control step, the required power is increased or decreased by adjusting the charging current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage in the charging step, and the rectified extracted power and the necessary power A charging method that adjusts the power to be equal.

(3) In the charging method according to (1),
In the control step, the extracted power is increased or decreased by adjusting the input impedance of the matching step, and the rectified extracted power and the required power are adjusted to be equal.

(4) In the charging method according to (1),
Furthermore, it has a load adjustment step after the rectification step,
In the control step, the extracted power is increased or decreased by adjusting a load impedance of the load adjusting step, and the rectified extracted power and the necessary power are adjusted to be equal.

(5) In the charging method according to (1),
Furthermore, the protection part has the protection step which short-circuits the front | former stage of the said charging part by the protection control signal from the said control part, and protects the said charging part.

(6) In the charging method according to (1),
The charging method further includes a current detection step in which the current detection unit measures a current amount of the wiring through which the alternating current flows.

(7) A charging method in a charging device for charging a battery by extracting electric power from a magnetic field generated around a wiring through which an alternating current flows by electromagnetic induction,
An extraction step in which an extraction unit configured with a toroidal core capable of adjusting the gap length extracts electric power from the wiring in which the alternating current flows; and
A matching step in which the matching unit performs impedance matching with the output impedance of the extraction step;
A rectification step in which the rectification unit rectifies the extracted power extracted in the extraction step from alternating current to direct current;
A charging step in which the charging unit charges the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified in the rectification step;
A control step for controlling a charging current, a charging voltage, or both a charging current and a charging voltage used for charging the battery by the control unit, or adjusting a gap length of the toroidal core;
Have
In the control step, the rectified and extracted power and the necessary power required for charging the battery are measured, and the rectified and extracted power is controlled to be equal to the necessary power.

(8) In the charging method according to (7),
In the control step, the required power is increased or decreased by adjusting the charging current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage in the charging step, and the rectified extracted power and the necessary power A charging method that adjusts the power to be equal.

(9) In the charging method according to (7),
In the control step, the extracted power is increased / decreased by adjusting a gap length of the toroidal core, and the rectified extracted power and the required power are adjusted to be equal to each other.

(10) In the charging method according to (7),
Furthermore, the protection part has the protection step which short-circuits the front | former stage of the said charging part by the protection control signal from the said control part, and protects the said charging part.

(11) In the charging method according to (7),
The charging method further includes a current detection step in which the current detection unit measures a current amount of the wiring through which the alternating current flows.

  As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.

  The above embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the one having all the described configurations. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. . Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment. In addition, the configurations of the embodiments can be combined.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 ... Extraction part, 101a ... Toroidal core, 101b ... Winding, 102 ... Matching part, 103 ... Rectification part, 104 ... Charging part, 105 ... Battery, 106 ... Control part, 107 ... Commercial power line, 1101 ... Load adjustment part DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1102 ... Matching part, 1201 ... Protection part, 1501 ... Protection part, 1701 ... Extraction part, 1701a ... Toroidal core, 1701b ... Winding, 1701c ... Gap, 2001 ... Current detection part, 2101 ... Protection part, 2301 ... Protection part 2401... Protection unit.

Claims (10)

An extraction unit for extracting electric power from the wiring through which an alternating current flows;
A matching unit for impedance matching with the output impedance of the extraction unit;
A rectifier that rectifies the extracted power extracted by the extraction unit from alternating current to direct current; and
Battery,
A charging unit that charges the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit;
A control unit that controls a charging current, a charging voltage, or both a charging current and a charging voltage that the charging unit uses to charge the battery, or that performs impedance adjustment for impedance matching in the matching unit; ,
Have
The control unit measures the rectified and extracted power and the necessary power necessary for charging the battery, controls the rectified and extracted power and the necessary power to be equal, and controls the charging of the charging unit. Increasing or decreasing the required power by adjusting the current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage, and adjusting the rectified extracted power and the required power to be equal. apparatus. The charging device according to claim 1,
The control unit adjusts the input impedance of the matching unit to increase or decrease the extracted power, and adjusts the rectified extracted power and the required power to be equal. The charging device according to claim 1,
Furthermore, it has a load adjustment unit in the subsequent stage of the rectification unit,
The said control part is a charging device which adjusts so that the said rectification extraction power and the said required power may become equal by increasing / decreasing the said extraction electric power by adjusting the load impedance which is the input impedance of the said load adjustment part. The charging device according to claim 1,
Furthermore, the charging apparatus which has a protection part which short-circuits the front | former stage of the said charging part with the protection control signal from the said control part, and protects the said charging part. The charging device according to claim 1,
The charging device further includes a current detection unit that measures a current amount of the wiring through which the alternating current flows. An extraction unit that is composed of a toroidal core that can adjust the gap length and extracts electric power from a wiring in which an alternating current flows;
A matching unit for impedance matching with the output impedance of the extraction unit;
A rectifier that rectifies the extracted power extracted by the extraction unit from alternating current to direct current; and
Battery,
A charging unit that charges the battery using the rectified extracted power rectified by the rectifying unit;
A control unit for controlling the charging current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage used for charging the battery by the charging unit, or adjusting the gap length of the toroidal core;
Have
The said control part measures the said rectification extraction electric power and required electric power required in order to charge the said battery, and controls the said rectification extraction electric power and the said required electric power to become equal. The charging device according to claim 6 ,
The control unit increases / decreases the required power by increasing / decreasing and adjusting the charging current, the charging voltage, or both the charging current and the charging voltage of the charging unit, and the rectified extracted power and the required A charging device that adjusts power to be equal. The charging device according to claim 6 ,
The said control part is a charging device which adjusts the said extraction electric power to increase / decrease by adjusting the gap length of the said toroidal core, and the said rectification extraction electric power and the said required electric power become equal. The charging device according to claim 6 ,
Furthermore, the charging apparatus which has a protection part which short-circuits the front | former stage of the said charging part with the protection control signal from the said control part, and protects the said charging part. The charging device according to claim 6 ,
The charging device further includes a current detection unit that measures a current amount of the wiring through which the alternating current flows.

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