JP6335744B2 - Developing device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a developing device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and particularly, a development including a developing carrier having regularly arranged convex portions and concave portions on a surface thereof. The present invention relates to an apparatus, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus.

  The image forming apparatus forms an image on a recording material (recording medium) using an electrophotographic image forming system. The image forming apparatus includes at least a copier, a printer, a facsimile machine, a word processor, and a multi-function machine including a plurality of these.

The developing device is a device for visualizing an electrostatic image on an image carrier such as an electrophotographic photosensitive member using a developer.
In the process cartridge, an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least a developing unit as a processing unit that acts on the electrophotographic photosensitive member are integrated, and are removable from the main body of the image forming apparatus.

  An image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method generally has an electrophotographic photosensitive drum (hereinafter referred to as “photosensitive drum”) as an electrostatic latent image carrier, and applies a charge by a charging device. Then, the outer peripheral surface of the uniformly charged photosensitive drum is selectively exposed to form an electrostatic image. In the image forming apparatus, an electrostatic image is visualized as a toner image by a developer (hereinafter also referred to as “toner”) carried on a developing roller that is a developer carrying member. The image forming apparatus transfers the toner image formed on the outer peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum to a recording material with or without an intermediate transfer member, and heats the toner image transferred onto the recording material. By applying pressure, the toner image is fixed to the recording material and image recording is performed.

  In such an image forming apparatus, it is necessary to improve the chargeability of the toner in order to stably form a high-precision image. For example, there is a developing device having convex portions and concave portions regularly arranged on the developer carrying surface of the developing roller (see, for example, Patent Document 1). There has been proposed a developing device that uses a developing roller having regularly arranged uneven shapes on its surface to allow the toner to roll uniformly and be charged satisfactorily.

  However, the developing roller having the concavo-convex shape as described above has a problem in the transportability of toner having a small particle diameter, as the applicant himself points out. Therefore, there is a developer obtained by directly adding or mixing silicone oil or fluorine oil into the toner in order to improve toner transportability. Using this developer, a toner aggregate exhibiting a uniform aggregated particle size is generated on the developing roller, thereby improving toner transportability and preventing toner scattering and improving toner chargeability. An attempted developing apparatus has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2007-121947 A JP 2008-242422 A

  In the developing device of Patent Document 2 described above, since the toner aggregates are generated by using the uneven shape provided on the developing roller, it is effective for toner transportability and scattering prevention. It was applicable to the development of a printout image that requires binary reproducibility such as a line image.

  However, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it is very difficult to return the toner aggregated on the developing roller to the original single particle state even if the AC component is superimposed on the developing bias. As a result, not only is the image reproducibility at high resolution sacrificed, but the slope of the γ-curve (toner development amount with respect to the development contrast potential) during development becomes too large, and there is a problem with halftone image reproducibility. It turned out to have.

  In addition, if the toner behaves in a state of being aggregated by silicone oil or the like, it is very difficult to uniformly charge the developer carrier, and particularly when a new developer is replenished, a marked non-image area (printing) When the image formation is repeated many times, toner agglomerates are formed in the pores of the toner supply roller, and further worsen, It was found that streak-like image defects occur.

  Incidentally, in the image forming apparatus as described above, it is required to provide a stable image over a long period of time. However, as a result of studies by the present inventors, when a developer directly added with silicone oil or the like is used continuously for a long period of time or a developer left unused for a long period of time is used for image formation, It has also been found that there is a potential problem that the toner changes over time due to the effect of the added silicone oil, and toner stains in non-recoverable non-image areas occur.

  In this way, in a developing device having a developing roller in which convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged on the developer carrying surface, a comprehensive study including applicable toners is required for high image quality and image stabilization. is necessary.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in order to exhibit the excellent characteristics of a developing roller in which convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged on the developer carrying surface, the toner is adapted to the developing roller. By improving the silicone oil addition method, the toner transportability is improved without generating the toner aggregate as described above, and the toner scattering control and the toner chargeability are excellent. It is an object of the present invention to provide a developing device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus with improved reproducibility.

  Further, a developing device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus capable of preventing a deterioration in quality of a printout image generated when toner is replenished and an image defect expected to occur when image formation is repeated many times. The purpose is to provide.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a developing device, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus that can improve quality deterioration of a printout image that occurs when the developing device is left unused for a long period of time.

The present invention relates to a developer accommodating chamber for accommodating a developer, a developer carrier that is rotatably disposed and carries the developer accommodated in the developer accommodating chamber, and an outer peripheral surface of the developer bearing member. And a developer regulating member for regulating the layer thickness of the developer supplied to the developing device.
The developer is obtained by attaching and / or fixing inorganic fine particles containing a silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component on the surface of colored particles having a colorant and a binder resin.
On the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrying member, a developer carrying surface in which convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged is formed.
A minute recess is formed on the surface of the recess.
The depth of the minute recess is 2.0 to 30 times the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles.

According to this developing device, since the developer carrying surface in which the convex portions and the concave portions are regularly arranged is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrying member, fluctuations in the carrying amount and the charging amount of the developer are reduced. Can be small.
In addition, a fine concave portion having a specific depth is provided on the surface of the concave portion, and the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is caused to exist in the developer so that the silicon oil-treated inorganic fine powder is supported in the fine concave portion. It is possible to rapidly and continuously form a silicone oil film on the surface of the support surface. As a result, it is possible to impart a favorable chargeability to the developer while preventing sticking or contamination of the developer or the like on the developer carrying surface.

Further, since the developer used in this developing device has inorganic fine particles containing silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component attached and / or solidified on the surface of the colored particles, the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is used. , It becomes possible to continuously supply / carry in the minute recesses, and the development characteristics can be improved. According to this developer, the influence by use conditions is suppressed, and the development characteristics are stabilized over a long period of time.
In addition, since the depth of the minute recesses is 2.0 to 30 times the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles, it becomes easy to supply / support the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder in the minute recesses.

As the developer carrying member, a developing roller carrying the developer on the outer peripheral surface can be used.
The developer carrying surface is provided with an inclined groove that is inclined with respect to the circumferential direction of the developing roller and the rotation axis direction of the developing roller and is spirally continuous, and the convex portions and the concave portions are regularly arranged. But you can.

  On the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrying member, there may be provided a developer carrying surface in which a plurality of convex portions and concave portions provided by a plurality of inclined grooves formed so as to intersect with each other are regularly arranged. .

Further, the developer is adhered and / or immobilized with inorganic fine powder in an amount of 2 parts by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored particles.
The content of the silicone oil in the inorganic fine particles may be 1.5 mg / g or more and 25 mg / g or less.

The generation amount of the low molecular weight amine generated when the inorganic fine particles are heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes may be 10 μg / g or less.
Furthermore, by making the amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated from inorganic fine powder containing silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component 10 μg / g or less, it becomes possible to prevent chemical attack on the toner particles. It is possible to prevent problems caused by sticking due to plasticization and fluctuations in charging characteristics.

The developer may be a negatively chargeable developer.
The silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder may be treated with amino-modified silicone or silicone oil containing amino-modified silicone oil.

  The amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated when the inorganic fine particles are heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes is 3 μg / g or less.

  The colored particles in the developer contain a wax component, and the wax component may exhibit an endothermic peak in a region of 50 ° C. or higher and lower than 110 ° C. in a DSC curve measured according to “ASTM D3418-82”.

The developer regulating member includes an elastic contact body that extends in a width direction parallel to the rotation axis of the developer carrier and has an end portion, and is disposed so as to contact the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrier.
The ratio of the surface hardness of the contact portion of the developer regulating member with respect to the developer carrying member may be 0.20 or more and less than 1.00.

  The process cartridge of the present invention includes an electrostatic latent image carrier and a developing device for developing an electrostatic image on the surface of the electrostatic image carrier, and is detachably mounted on the image forming apparatus. Process cartridge. This process cartridge includes the above-described developing device. This process cartridge may include a contact charger as a charging device for applying a charge to the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier.

  The image forming apparatus of the present invention is an image forming apparatus including an electrostatic image carrier and a developing device for developing an electrostatic image on the surface of the electrostatic image carrier. This image forming apparatus includes the above-described developing device. The image forming apparatus may include a contact charger as a charging device for applying a charge to the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier.

  The image forming apparatus of the present invention may be provided with the process cartridge described above so as to be detachable.

According to the present invention, the developer agglomeration is suppressed to improve the developer transportability, the developer scattering is suppressed and the developer charging property is improved, and the halftone image reproducibility is improved. An improved developing device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus can be provided.
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the quality degradation of a printout image that occurs when left unused for a long period of time.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a developing device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a developer carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the height difference (DELTA) H of the convex part arrange | positioned on a developing agent carrier, and a recessed part. It is the schematic which shows an example of the manufacturing method of the developing roller which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic which shows the protrusion amount of a developer control member. It is a figure which shows the detection result of the amount of low molecular weight siloxane contained in "silicone oil processing inorganic fine powder -1". It is a figure which shows the detection result of the amount of low molecular weight siloxane contained in "silicone oil processing inorganic fine powder -7".

  Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments suitable for the present invention will be described in detail. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, and relative arrangements of the components described in this embodiment should be changed as appropriate according to the configuration of the apparatus to which the present invention is applied and various conditions. It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the following embodiments. In the description of the drawings, the same or equivalent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  The developing roller, the developing device, and the image forming apparatus of the present embodiment are used in a copying machine, a printer, a facsimile machine, a word processor, and a multi-function machine including a plurality of these, which form an image on a recording material (recording medium) using an electrophotographic system. It is used.

  First, an image forming apparatus and an image forming method using the image forming apparatus will be described.

<Regarding Image Forming Apparatus and Image Forming Method>
The image forming method according to the present embodiment includes at least a charging step in which a voltage is applied to the charging member from the outside to charge the electrostatic latent image carrier, and the electrostatic latent image on the charged electrostatic latent image carrier. A latent image forming step for forming the electrostatic image, a developing step for developing the electrostatic image with toner as a developer to form a toner image on the electrostatic latent image carrier, and a toner image on the electrostatic latent image carrier. The image forming apparatus includes a transfer process for transferring to a transfer material and a fixing process for heating and fixing a toner image on the transfer material. In addition to the above-described steps, for example, a cleaning step for removing residuals such as toner remaining on the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier may be further provided.

  The image forming apparatus includes a charging unit, an electrostatic latent image carrier, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a fixing unit.

  Hereinafter, an image forming apparatus using a one-component developing method will be described as an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.

  In an image forming apparatus, a charging unit that is a charging unit that charges the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charged electrophotographic photosensitive member are exposed around the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrostatic latent image is exposed according to image information. A latent image forming unit that forms a toner image, a developing unit that is a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A transfer portion that is a transfer means for transferring to the surface of the transfer body and a cleaning portion that is a cleaning means for removing the toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after transfer are arranged in this order.

  The image forming apparatus includes a process cartridge that is detachable. The process cartridge includes an electrostatic latent image carrier and a developing device that is integrated with the electrostatic latent image carrier.

  In addition, a fixing unit that is a fixing unit that fixes the toner image transferred to the transfer target is disposed on the transfer direction side of the transfer target of the transfer unit.

  The operation of the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.

  First, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is uniformly charged by the charging unit (charging process). Next, light is irradiated onto the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by the exposure unit, and the charged charges in the irradiated portion are removed, and an electrostatic charge image (electrostatic latent image) is formed according to the image information. (Latent image forming step). Thereafter, the electrostatic charge image is developed by the developing unit, and a toner image is formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member (developing step).

  For example, consider a digital electrophotographic copying machine that uses an organic photoconductor as an electrophotographic photoconductor and uses a laser beam as an exposure unit. In this case, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is negatively charged by the charging unit, a digital latent image is formed in a dot shape by the laser beam light, and toner can be applied by the developing unit to the portion irradiated with the laser beam light. Visualized.

  Subsequently, a transfer body such as paper is superimposed on the toner image at the transfer section, and a charge having a polarity opposite to that of the toner is applied to the transfer body from the back side of the transfer body, and the toner image is transferred by electrostatic force. It is transferred to the body (transfer process). The transferred toner image is subjected to heat and pressure by a fixing member in a fixing unit, and is fused and fixed to a transfer target (fixing step).

On the other hand, the toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member without being transferred is removed by a cleaning unit (cleaning step). One cycle is completed in a series of processes from charging to cleaning.
Note that the toner image may be transferred to a transfer target via a transfer member such as an intermediate transfer member.

  Hereinafter, a charging unit, an electrostatic latent image carrier, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a fixing unit in the image forming apparatus will be described.

[Charging means]
As the charging unit as the charging means, for example, a charger using corona discharge, a conductive or semiconductive charging roller, or the like can be used. A contact charger using a conductive or semiconductive charging roller may apply a direct current to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, or may apply an alternating current superimposed thereon. By such a charging unit, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is charged by generating a discharge in a minute space near the contact portion with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The conductive or semiconductive charging roller may have a single layer structure or a multiple structure. Further, a mechanism for cleaning the surface of the charging roller may be further provided.

[Electrostatic latent image carrier]
The electrostatic latent image carrier has a function of forming at least a latent image (electrostatic charge image). As the electrostatic latent image carrier, an electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferably exemplified. An electrophotographic photoreceptor has a coating film containing an organic photoreceptor or the like on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical conductive substrate. The coating film is a substrate in which a subbing layer, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material, and a photosensitive layer containing a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material are formed in this order, if necessary. It is. The order of stacking the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer may be reversed.

  These are laminated photoconductors in which a charge generation material and a charge transport material are contained in separate layers (charge generation layer, charge transport layer), but both the charge generation material and the charge transport material are the same. A single layer type photoreceptor included in the above layer may be used, but a laminated type photoreceptor is preferred. Further, an intermediate layer may be provided between the undercoat layer and the photosensitive layer. In addition, other types of photosensitive layers such as an amorphous silicon photosensitive film may be used in addition to the organic photoreceptor.

[Exposure means]
There are no particular limitations on the exposure unit that is the exposure means, and for example, an optical system device that can expose a light source such as a semiconductor laser beam, LED light, or liquid crystal shutter light to the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier in a desired image-like manner. Etc.

[Development means]
The developing unit, which is a developing unit, includes at least a developer carrying member, a developer (toner), and a developer regulating member. If necessary, a developer supply for supplying the developer to the developer carrying member. It has a member and a stirring conveyance member. The developer carrying member supplies the developer to the electrostatic latent image formed on the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. For example, the developer carrying member is a cylinder or cylinder made of a nonmagnetic metal or a polymer material. It is a shaped member. The developer carrying member is rotatably installed so as to face the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and is provided with a developing bias applying unit that applies a developing bias.

  Further, a developer regulating member is provided on the upstream side in the rotation direction of the developer carrier with reference to the position where the developer carrier and the electrophotographic photosensitive member face each other. The developer regulating member is a member that equalizes the layer thickness of the developer carried on the peripheral surface of the developer carrying member, and can be composed of, for example, a metal blade.

  When the developer is a non-magnetic one-component toner, the developer conveyed by the agitating / conveying member or the like is supplied directly and / or to the surface of the developer carrying member by the developer supply member. A predetermined developing bias is applied between the developer carrying member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the developer on the developer carrying member flies onto the electrophotographic photosensitive member in accordance with the electrostatic latent image, and toner It becomes an image (visible image).

[Transfer means]
Examples of the transfer unit that is a transfer unit include a transfer unit that applies a charge having a reverse polarity to the toner from the back side of the transfer target, and transfers the toner image to the transfer target by electrostatic force, or the transfer target. A transfer roller and a transfer roller pressing device using a conductive or semiconductive roller or the like that directly contacts and transfers to the surface of the film via a transfer medium can be used.

  A direct current may be applied to the transfer roller as a transfer current applied to the electrostatic latent image carrier, or an alternating current may be applied in a superimposed manner. The transfer roller can be arbitrarily set according to the width of the image area to be charged, the shape of the transfer charger, the opening width, the process speed, and the like. In order to reduce the cost, a single-layer foam roller or the like is preferably used as the transfer roller.

  As a transfer method, a method of transferring directly to a transfer medium such as paper or a method of transferring to a transfer medium via an intermediate transfer member may be used.

  A known intermediate transfer member can be used as the intermediate transfer member. Materials used for the intermediate transfer member include polycarbonate resin (PC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyalkylene phthalate, PC / polyalkylene terephthalate (PAT) blend material, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) / PC, ETFE / PAT, PC / PAT blend materials, and the like can be mentioned. From the viewpoint of mechanical strength, an intermediate transfer belt using a thermosetting polyimide resin is preferable.

[Cleaning means]
The cleaning unit, which is a cleaning unit, may be selected as appropriate as long as it cleans residual toner on the electrostatic latent image carrier, such as a blade cleaning method, a brush cleaning method, or a roller cleaning method. . Among these, it is preferable to use a cleaning blade having elasticity.

[Fixing means]
The fixing unit, which is a fixing unit (image fixing device), fixes a toner image transferred to a transfer medium by heating, pressing, or heating and pressing, and includes a roller-like or belt-like fixing member. It is.

  In the image forming apparatus of the present embodiment, an image can be formed on a recording material (for example, recording paper, plastic sheet, etc.) in accordance with image information. The image information is input from an image reading apparatus connected to the image forming apparatus or a host device such as a personal computer connected to the image forming apparatus main body so as to be communicable.

  Next, the developing device that is the developing unit of the image forming apparatus as described above will be described in more detail.

[Description of developing device]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a developing device 100 according to the present embodiment, which is mounted on the image forming apparatus as described above. For example, an image forming apparatus including the developing device 100 corresponding to each color of magenta, yellow, cyan, and black forms a color image using each color of magenta, yellow, cyan, and black by development by the developing device 100. In addition to the developing device 100 including the developing roller 110 that forms a toner image, the image forming apparatus includes a recording medium conveying unit that conveys a sheet, a transfer unit that secondarily transfers the toner image to the sheet, and an image on the peripheral surface. Is provided with a photosensitive drum 30 that is an electrostatic latent image carrier on which a toner image is formed, and a fixing unit that adheres a toner image to a sheet.

  When an image signal of a recorded image is input to such an image forming apparatus, the control unit of the image forming apparatus uniformly charges the surface of the photosensitive drum 30 to a predetermined potential by a charging roller based on the received image signal. To charge. Thereafter, the exposure unit irradiates the surface of the photosensitive drum 30 with laser light to form an electrostatic latent image. On the other hand, in each developing device 100, the toner T (developer) in the developing chamber is carried on the developing roller 110 by the toner supply roller 120 (developer supply body).

  Then, when the toner is conveyed to a region facing the photosensitive drum 30 by the rotation of the developing roller 110, the toner carried on the developing roller 110 becomes an electrostatic latent image formed on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 30. The electrostatic latent image is developed. Such development is performed for each color of magenta, yellow, cyan, and black. The toner image thus formed is primarily transferred from the photosensitive drum 30 to the transfer belt in a region where the photosensitive drum 30 and the transfer belt face each other. Then, the toner image is secondarily transferred onto the sheet conveyed by the recording medium conveyance unit. Thereafter, the sheet onto which the toner image has been secondarily transferred is conveyed to the fixing unit and fixed, and is discharged outside the image forming apparatus.

  Here, the developing device 100 includes, in addition to the developing roller 110 described above, a toner supply roller 120, a toner containing chamber 130 (developer containing chamber), a developer regulating member having an elastic contact body 142, a developing chamber 150, toner. A storage unit 160 (developer storage unit), a partition wall 170, a conveying member 135, and a stirring member 165 are provided. In the image forming apparatus, the developing device 100 is provided corresponding to each color of magenta, yellow, cyan, and black, but the basic configuration is the same except that the type of toner as a developer is different. Therefore, the individual description is omitted below.

  The toner storage chamber 130 is a chamber for storing the toner T. The developing chamber 150 is a chamber in which development is performed by the developing roller 110, and is disposed adjacent to and above the toner storage chamber 130. A partition wall 170 is provided between the toner storage chamber 130 and the developing chamber 150, and the partition wall 170 partitions both the chambers 130 and 150. An opening 172 is provided in a part of the partition wall 170, and the toner storage chamber 130 and the developing chamber 150 are connected via the opening 172. The toner storage chamber 130, the developing chamber 150, and the partition wall 170 are integrally formed.

  The toner storage chamber 130 is provided with a conveying member 135 that conveys the toner T to the developing chamber 150. The transport member 135 is a rotatable transport member, and rotates to perform a predetermined amount of toner T stored in the toner storage chamber 130 through the opening 172 of the partition wall 170 into the developing chamber 150. Transport.

  The toner supply roller 120 is a toner T in which the toner T supplied from the toner storage chamber 130 by the conveying member 135 and the toner T scraped off from the developing roller 110 by the regulating member 140 described later are agitated and mixed by the agitating member 165. Is a supply member for supplying the toner to the developing roller 110. The toner supply roller 120 is disposed in the developing chamber 150 so as to face the developing roller 110 so as to abut on the circumferential surface of the developing roller 110. The toner supply roller 120 is made of an elastic member such as polyurethane foam, and is formed so as to be elastically deformable. The toner supply roller 120 is in contact with the developing roller 110 in an elastically deformed state.

  The toner supply roller 120 rotates, for example, counterclockwise, and is configured to move in the opposite direction to the developing roller 110 in a contact area with the developing roller 110 that also rotates counterclockwise. The agitated and mixed toner T is adhered to the surface of the toner supply roller 120 having such a configuration, and the surface of the toner supply roller 120 comes into contact with the surface of the developing roller 110 (see FIG. 1). The toner T is supplied from the supply roller 120 to the developing roller 110, and the developing roller 110 carries the toner. At the same time as the supply of the toner T, the toner supply roller 120 peels off the toner T that has not been used for development through the development nip with the photosensitive drum 30 from the development roller 110, and the toner T is developed for a long time. It also has a function of preventing the charge amount from excessively rising due to staying on 110.

  The developing roller 110 carries the toner T supplied from the toner supply roller 120 on its surface, conveys the toner T to a region facing the photosensitive drum 30, and is formed on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 30. This is a member for moving the toner T to the electrostatic latent image and developing the electrostatic latent image. The member is opposed to the toner supply roller 120 so as to abut on the peripheral surface of the toner supply roller 120 and is also photosensitive drum 30. Is disposed in the developing chamber 150 so as to face the surface.

[Configuration of developer carrier]
The developer carrying member according to the present invention is provided with a developer carrying surface on which a convex portion and a concave portion are regularly arranged. On the surface of the concave portion, a fine concave portion capable of supporting a silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder (hereinafter also referred to as “oil-treated fine powder”) present in the developer is formed. As a result, in addition to the problems that have been pointed out heretofore, it is possible to comprehensively cope with new problems as described above.

  When the developer carrying member is a developing roller, the developing roller has a developer carrying surface provided with an inclined groove that is inclined with respect to the circumferential direction of the developing roller and the rotation axis direction of the developing roller on the outer circumferential surface of the developing roller. Is mentioned. The developing roller has a developer carrying surface in which inclined grooves are continuous in a spiral shape, and convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged. Examples of the developer carrying surface on which the inclined grooves are formed include a spiral groove type and a lattice groove type. In the spiral groove type, the inclined grooves are arranged so as not to intersect. In the lattice groove type, a first inclined groove and a second inclined groove formed so as to cross each other are arranged.

  The developing roller as described above has a developer carrying surface having a convex portion and a concave portion regularly arranged on the outer peripheral surface, and a fine concave portion capable of carrying oil-treated fine powder is formed in the concave portion. The amount of toner carried on the agent carrying surface can always be adjusted to a uniform and optimum amount. Further, the presence of the oil-treated fine powder in the developer makes it possible to rapidly form a silicone oil film on the surface of the developer carrying surface without agglomerating the toner. As a result, it is possible to impart favorable chargeability to the developer while preventing sticking or contamination of the toner or the like to the developer carrying surface. Further, since the silicone oil film formed on the surface of the developer carrying member is continuously formed by the oil-treated fine powder in the developer, the development characteristics under all use conditions are remarkably improved over a long period of time.

  In particular, even when the magnetic particles cannot be used, and it is difficult to contain a specific charge control agent in a manufacturing method, the colored particles are applied to a non-magnetic one-component developer. The toner particles can be appropriately charged. By the way, even when the developing roller is used when using a non-magnetic one-component developer that cannot use the magnetic binding force, the developer carrying surface has an appropriate surface shape as described above. Image formation is possible.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the developing roller 110 which is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. On the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller 110, a spirally continuous first inclined groove formed in the A direction at an inclination angle of an angle α with respect to the rotation axis (X direction in the drawing) of the developing roller 110, and similarly an angle β A lattice groove type developer carrying surface 111 is formed by intersecting the second inclined grooves that are continuous in a spiral shape formed in the B direction at an inclination angle of.

The convex portion 112 on the surface of the developer carrying member of the developing roller 110 has a rectangular shape or a parallelogram shape, and has a trapezoidal shape when viewed in section along the line CC.
Further, in the concave portion 114 on the surface of the developer carrying member of the developing roller 110, a fine concave portion 113 capable of carrying the oil-treated fine powder present in the developer is formed.

  The developer carrying member can drastically improve the development characteristics by associating the shape of the developer carrying surface 111 disposed on the outer peripheral surface with the shape and components of the developer to be used. The difference in height between the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 114 of the developer carrying surface 111 is preferably adjusted to 105% or more and 190% or less of the weight average particle diameter (D4) of the one-component developer used. As a result, the developer carried on the developer carrying surface is aligned with one or two toner particle layers by the developer regulating member. Therefore, each toner particle can obtain a uniform charge imparting opportunity, so that image fogging can be prevented and a high-quality image can be obtained. When the height difference between the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 114 on the developer carrying surface is less than 105%, not only a sufficient toner carrying amount on the developing roller can be secured, but image defects on vertical stripes are liable to occur. In addition, when the height difference between the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 114 of the developer carrying surface 111 exceeds 190%, it is difficult to uniformly charge the toner particles.

  On the other hand, the depth of the minute recess 113 provided in the recess 114 on the developer carrying surface of the developing roller 110 is adjusted to 2.0 times or more and 30 times or less the average primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles. When the depth D of the minute recess 113 is less than 2.0 times the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles, the holding force for the oil-treated fine powder is not sufficient, and the depth D of the minute recess 113 is the average of the inorganic fine particles. If it exceeds 30 times the primary particle size, the fine inorganic particles once retained cannot escape from the minute recesses 113, and other fine powder components are allowed to enter, causing image defects.

  In the present invention, the depth D of the recess 114 or the minute recess 113 on the developer carrying surface is defined as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 3A, the highest point H1 existing on the surface of the convex portion 112 and the lowest point H2 existing on the surface of the concave portion 114 close to the convex portion 112 are determined, and One arbitrary place is selected from among the scattered minute recesses 113. Next, the maximum height difference ΔH (= H1−H2) between the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 114 and the depth D of the minute concave portion are measured (see FIG. 3B). For example, when the developer carrying member is the developing roller 110, first, eight different convex portions 112 are selected from a total of three locations in the vicinity of the central portion and the left and right supporting portions of the developing roller 110. The maximum height difference ΔH of the concave portion 114 and the depth D of the minute concave portion 113 are measured, the average value thereof is obtained, and the height difference between the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 114 of the developer carrying surface 111 of the target developing roller 110 and the minute height are determined. The depth of the recess 113 is assumed.

  For the shape measurement of the developer-carrying surface as described above, a conventionally known method can be used, and examples thereof include a non-contact type surface shape measurement device, a shape measurement laser microscope, and the like. The surface shape information can be geometrically determined on the drawing by analyzing with an analysis tool attached to the apparatus as described above, or using CAD (Computer Aided Design) or the like.

  The developing roller according to the present invention uses, for example, an outer peripheral surface (hereinafter referred to as “cylindrical surface”) of a roller base material made of metal or alloy such as columnar or cylindrical copper, aluminum, and stainless steel by a centerless polishing machine. After polishing, an unevenness treatment is performed by a known method such as sandblasting to form uniform and fine unevenness on the cylindrical surface. Thereafter, a developer carrying surface in which the concave portions and the convex portions are regularly arranged is provided by a known method such as a rolling method or an etching method, and at the same time, the surface is present on the concave surface. Further, the minute unevenness formed by sandblasting or the like is manufactured by regularly processing the developer-carrying surface and then adding additional processing such as polishing or plating as necessary.

Next, an example of a manufacturing method suitable for the developing roller of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of a method for manufacturing the developing roller 110 according to the present invention.

  The developer carrying surface 111 of the developing roller 110 is provided by forming two kinds of grooves that intersect each other on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical roller base material 803. More specifically, the first continuous in a spiral shape is formed by a threading and rolling method in which a pair of dies 801 and dies 802 rotating in the same direction are pressed against the surface of the roller base 803 and fed in a predetermined direction. It is provided by forming the groove 201 and the second groove 202.

  The rotational axis of the die 801 and the central axis of the roller base 803 are not parallel but are slightly inclined (for example, 1 degree). Further, the rotation axis of the die 802 and the central axis of the roller base material 803 are also inclined in the opposite direction and the same size (for example, −1 degree). By adjusting in this way, the thrust force resulting from the rotation of the dice 801 and the dice 802 acts on the roller base material 803. By rotating the dice 801 and the dice 802, the roller base material 803 becomes the shaft. Sent along the direction. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the roller base material 803 is fed in the right direction in the figure while being rotated by the rotation of the dice 801 and the dice 802.

  Each of the dice 801 and the dice 802 has a shape having a spiral protrusion on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. The pitch of the spiral protrusions in the die 801 is P1, and the spiral angle is θ1. By pressing this protrusion against the roller base material 803, the surface of the roller base material 803 is plastically deformed, and a spiral-shaped first groove 201 having a spiral angle θ1 ′ is cut at a groove interval P1 ′. At this time, the spiral angle θ1 ′ of the first groove can be determined by the spiral angle θ1 of the protrusion of the die 801 and the inclination of the rotation axis of the die 801 with respect to the roller central axis. In addition, it can be seen from the triangle indicated by the broken line in FIG. 4 that the value obtained by subtracting the spiral angle θ1 ′ of the first groove 201 from 90 degrees corresponds to the inclination angle α illustrated in FIG. The first groove 201 may be either single or multiple, and can be selected depending on the shape of the die.

  In addition, the pitch of the spiral of the protrusion provided on the die 802 is P2, and the spiral angle is θ2. By pressing this protrusion against the roller base material 803, the second groove 202 continuous in a spiral shape having a spiral angle θ2 ′ is cut at the groove interval P2 ′. Further, it can be seen that the value obtained by subtracting the spiral angle θ2 ′ of the second groove 202 from 180 degrees from the triangle indicated by the broken line in FIG. 2 corresponds to the inclination angle β shown in FIG. The second groove 202 may be either one or multiple.

  By doing so, two kinds of grooves intersecting in a lattice shape are carved on the outer peripheral surface of the roller base material 803, and these grooves function as the concave portions 114 on the surface of the developing roller. In addition, a large number of protrusions surrounded by the grooves function as the convex portions 112 on the surface of the developing roller. The top surface of each convex portion is the surface of the original roller base material 803, and naturally these all form part of a single cylindrical surface.

  Here, the pitch of the protrusion is slightly different between the die 801 for forming the first groove 201 and the die 802 for forming the second groove 202 (P1 ≠ P2), By making the pitch ratio of the dies a non-integer ratio, or by setting the spiral angle to a slightly different value (θ1 ≠ θ2), the arrangement state of the convex portions 112 can be changed, so that it contacts the developing roller. The self-cleaning performance between members and the wear state between parts can be made preferable.

  FIG. 5 shows an elastic blade 140 as an example of a preferred embodiment of a developer regulating member for applying a non-magnetic one-component developer to the developing roller. The elastic blade 140 includes a base body 143, an elastic contact body 142, and a fixing member 141. The fixing member 141 is for fixing the elastic contact body 142 to the base body 143.

  The elastic contact body 142 extends in parallel with the axial direction of the developing roller 110 and has an end, and is brought into pressure contact with the developer carrying surface 111 provided on the surface of the developing roller 110. By adjusting the “protruding amount” of the elastic contact member 142, a thin layer of a desired amount of developer (toner) can be formed on the developer carrying surface 111.

In the present invention, the “protruding amount” of the developer regulating member means that the developer carrying member (developing roller 110) passes from the rotation center O ₁₁₀ to the outer periphery of the developer carrying member through the tip of the developer regulating member. is that from the intersection J1 between the contact face side of the distal end portion of the developer regulating member present on an extension line L ₁₁₀ in the distance J to an intersection with the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrying member to reach.

  In addition, since the contact portion of the elastic contact body 142 can be self-cleaned by setting it to be worn out while repeating image formation many times, for example, A plate-like member formed of phosphor bronze or stainless steel having a surface hardness ratio with respect to the developing roller 110 of 0.20 or more and less than 1.00 is preferably selected.

  Thus, filming of the toner can be prevented, so that not only the charged state of the toner particles but also the supported state of the toner particles can be maintained in the best state. As a result, for example, the occurrence of uneven image density in the form of vertical stripes is suppressed, and deterioration / fluctuation in image density, non-image area corresponding to the printed background, toner stains, fine line reproducibility, color tone, etc. are minimized. Therefore, it is possible to provide an excellent developing device that makes it possible.

  When the above developing device is used in a process cartridge type image forming apparatus which is easily affected by external deformation stress, the effect is very significant.

  Next, the developer used in the developing device of the present invention will be described.

<About developer>
The developer according to the present embodiment has at least the surface of the colored particle composed of the colorant and the binder resin, and at least the minute concave portion provided on the concave surface of the developer carrying surface provided on the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrier. Inorganic fine particles containing a silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder that can be supported therein as a constituent component are adhered and / or fixed. The developer may be a one-component developer composed only of toner (hereinafter also referred to as “toner particles”) or a two-component developer obtained by mixing toner and a magnetic carrier. In particular, the developing roller of this embodiment is very effective for a non-magnetic one-component developer that is disadvantageous in terms of charge imparting property and transportability on the developing roller.
The developer is obtained by, for example, attaching and / or fixing inorganic fine particles in an amount of 2 parts by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored particles. The content rate of the silicone oil in the inorganic fine particles is 1.5 mg / g or more and 25 mg / g or less.

[Colored particles]
The colored particles of the present embodiment are particles in which a colorant is uniformly dispersed in a binder resin, and are colored particles having a fine particle diameter of 7 μm or less in order to provide high-quality image formation. Is preferably applied. Such colored particles can be produced by a conventionally known method such as a so-called pulverization method or a polymerization method. In particular, when the colored particles are applied to a one-component developer, the particle size and shape of the colored particles are changed. It can be preferably applied to the developing device of this embodiment.

  Generally, when a one-component developer is prepared by the method as described above, the weight-average particle size of the obtained one-component developer does not become larger than the weight-average particle size of the colored particles. Accordingly, the colored particles take into account the surface shape of the developer carrying member of the developing device adapted as a developer, and the difference in height between the convex and concave portions of the developer carrying member is 105% of the weight average particle diameter of the colored particles. It is preferable to manufacture so that it may fall in the range of 190% or less.

  By the way, in the colored particles, fine particles of colored particles finer than the weight average particle diameter are present, and particularly when used in a one-component developer, the chargeability of the developer is adversely affected, or the developer carrying member. It is known that the surface is contaminated, and in some cases, a sticking matter is generated.

  The developer-carrying member of this embodiment forms a silicone oil film while supporting the silicone oil-treated fine powder in the minute recesses existing on the recess surface, so that these phenomena can be greatly reduced. By controlling the fine powder of colored particles of 3 μm or less in the number-based particle size frequency distribution to 20% by number or less, the toner particles on the surface of the developer carrying member are in an alignment state suitable for development, so that a high-quality image is stabilized. And can be reproduced.

  Here, the weight average particle diameter of the nonmagnetic one-component developer will be described. The weight average particle size (D4) of a one-component developer and the number of toner particles having a particle size of 3 μm or less in the number-based particle size frequency distribution are, for example, a precision particle size distribution measuring device “Multisizer 3” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter) In accordance with the operation manual of the measurement apparatus, “Toner particle size distribution measurement method (http://www.beckmancounter.co.jp/product/product03/ Toner / 04.html) "and the like.

  As a specific measurement method, 100 ml of an electrolytic solution “Isoton II-pc” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter) is prepared in a beaker for producing a suspension, and a surfactant (preferably LAS; After adding 0.1 g of a chain alkylbenzene sulfonate), 5 mg of a measurement sample (toner particles or toner) is added to obtain a toner suspension. Next, in order to enhance the dispersibility of the measurement sample in the toner suspension, an ultrasonic irradiation process from the outside is performed for 2 minutes using an ultrasonic bath or the like to prepare a measurement sample. An aperture tube having an opening diameter of 50 μm is used, and the volume and number of the measurement sample are measured for each channel to calculate the volume distribution and number distribution of the measurement sample. From the calculated distribution, the weight average particle size (D4) of the measurement sample and the number of fine powder particles of 3 μm or less in the number-based particle size frequency distribution are obtained.

  Specific examples of the binder resin contained in the colored particles include styrene- (meth) acrylic copolymers, polyester resins, epoxy resins, and styrene-butadiene copolymers. In a method for obtaining toner particles by a chemical method such as an emulsion aggregation method or a suspension polymerization method, a monomer for forming a binder resin is used. Specifically, styrene; styrene monomers such as o- (m-, p-) methylstyrene and m- (p-) ethylstyrene; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, ( Meth) propyl acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, behenyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate; ene monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, cyclohexene, (meth) acrylonitrile, and acrylamide Is preferably used. These monomers are used alone or in general so that the theoretical glass transition temperature (Tg) described in Polymer Handbook 2nd edition III-P139-192 (manufactured by John Wiley & Sons) is 40-75 ° C. It is used by mixing appropriately. When the theoretical glass transition temperature (Tg) is less than 40 ° C., problems are likely to occur from the viewpoint of storage stability and durability stability of the toner, while when it exceeds 75 ° C., the fixing point of the toner is increased.

Furthermore, a crosslinking agent may be used during the synthesis of the binder resin in order to increase the mechanical strength of the toner particles.
Among the crosslinking agents used in dry toners, difunctional linking agents such as divinylbenzene, bis (4-acryloxypolyethoxyphenyl) propane, ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, and 1,4-butane are used. Diol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 200, # 400, # 600 diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, polyester diacrylate, and The thing which replaced acrylate with dimethacrylate is mentioned.

  Polyfunctional crosslinkers include pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylol ethane triacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate, oligoester acrylate and its methacrylate, 2,2-bis (4-methacryloxy, polyethoxy Phenyl) propane, diallyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate and triallyl trimellitate.

  These crosslinking agents are used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer constituting the binder resin.

  When a styrene acrylic resin is used as the binder resin, since the resin has excellent moisture resistance, it is possible to produce a binder resin having excellent charge stability. When a polyester resin is used as the binder resin, it is possible to produce a binder resin that is excellent in transparency of the obtained image and suitable for a color image.

  On the other hand, colorants contained in the colored particles include carbon black, lamp black, magnetite, titanium black, chrome yellow, ultramarine, aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hansa Yellow G, rhodamine 6G, calco oil blue, quinacridone. Benzidine Yellow, Rose Bengal, Malachite Green Lake, Quinoline Yellow, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 184, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 12, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 180, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 162, C.I. I. Pigment blue 5: 1, C.I. I. Dye and pigment such as CI Pigment Blue 15: 3 can be used alone or in combination.

  Furthermore, known waxes can be used for the colored particles, specifically, paraffin wax, microwax, microcrystalline wax, cadilla wax, carnauba wax, rice wax, montan wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax. Oxidized polyethylene wax, oxidized polypropylene wax and the like can be used. Among these release agents, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, carnauba wax, ester wax and the like are preferably used, and the maximum endothermic peak temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 50 ° C. or higher and lower than 110 ° C. Those exhibiting an endothermic peak in this region are particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of preventing toner sticking to the surface of the developing roller.

  The maximum endothermic peak of the wax is measured by, for example, “DSC-50” (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) according to “ASTM D3418-82”. Iridium is used as a standard substance, and an aluminum sample cell is used for measurement, and the peak of the maximum endothermic peak is obtained from the DSC curve obtained when the temperature of the measurement region from room temperature to 180 ° C. is increased at a rate of temperature increase of 10 ° C./min. The temperature can be determined. In the case of measuring only the wax, the measurement is started after the temperature is raised and lowered under the same conditions as in the measurement to remove the previous history. Further, when measuring the wax contained in the toner, the measurement is performed as it is without performing the operation of removing the previous history.

  In general, when the colored particles as described above are applied to a one-component developer, a metal compound of a carboxylic acid such as salicylic acid, naphthoic acid or dicarboxylic acid; a polymer compound having a sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid group in the side chain; boron Compound; urea compound; silicon compound; negative charge control agent such as calixarene and quaternary ammonium salt; polymer compound having the quaternary ammonium salt in the side chain; guanidine compound; positive charge such as imidazole compound By adding a control agent, the charging speed and charge amount can be adjusted, but on the other hand, not only does it cause image defects due to adhesion contamination on the surface of the member that contacts the developer, but it also contains a charge control agent. When particles are produced by the chemical method, new problems such as the elution of the charge control agent in water and the adverse effect on the polymerization may occur. I was close.

  However, in the developing device of the present embodiment, even if a charge control agent is not used in the colored particles, the surface shape of the developer carrying member and the particle size distribution of the one-component developer are controlled so as to be in a preferable state for development. Therefore, the above problems can be prevented in advance.

[Silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder]
Silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is prepared as a developer by adhering and / or fixing to colored particles by dry mixing alone or with other inorganic fine powder as a constituent of inorganic fine particles. A silicone oil film is formed on the surface of the developer carrying member while being supplied to the concave surface of the surface and repeatedly being carried and detached from the minute concave portions provided on the concave surface, so that a favorable state for development can be created.

  The silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is obtained by treating the surface of the inorganic fine powder with silicone oil, and the inorganic fine powder is preferably a metal oxide fine powder, such as oxides of Si, Al, Ti and the like. Are preferably selected from complex compounds such as Further, by hydrophobizing the surface with a silylating agent or the like in advance, the treatment with silicone oil can be performed uniformly, and favorable characteristics can be provided to the developer.

Since the inorganic fine powder needs to have a sufficient surface to be treated with silicone oil, a BET specific surface area of 28 to 300 m ² / g is preferably used, particularly 40 to 100 m ² / g. Is preferably used because it can impart preferable powder properties to the developer.

（ここで、Ｒは炭素数１〜３のアルキル基を表わし、Ｒ’はアルキル、ハロゲン変性アルキル、フェニル、変性フェニル等のシリコーンオイル変性基を表わし、Ｒ”は炭素数１〜３のアルキル基又はアルコキシ基を表わし、ｍ、ｎは整数を表わす。） As a silicone oil, what can be represented by General formula (1) is preferable.

(Here, R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R ′ represents a silicone oil-modified group such as alkyl, halogen-modified alkyl, phenyl, and modified phenyl, and R ″ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it represents an alkoxy group, and m and n represent integers.)

  Examples of the silicone oil used in the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder include dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, vinyl group-containing silicone oil, alkyl-modified silicone oil, α-methylstyrene-modified silicone oil, Examples include chlorophenyl silicone oil and fluorine-modified silicone oil.

  In particular, when used in a negatively chargeable one-component developer, it is preferable to use a silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder that has been treated with a silicone oil containing nitrogen atoms. Is formed on the developer carrying surface, and it becomes possible to impart preferable negative chargeability to the developer. As such a silicone oil having a nitrogen atom, for example, an amino-modified silicone oil having at least a partial structure represented by the following formula can be used alone or mixed with another silicone oil. In addition, you may have these partial structures in the silicone oil terminal.

（式中、Ｒ_１は水素、アルキル基、アリール基又はアルコキシ基を示し、Ｒ_２はアルキレン基又はフェニレン基を示し、Ｒ_３，Ｒ_４は水素、アルキル基、又はアリール基を示し、Ｒ５は含窒素複素環をその構造に有する化合物を示す。但し、上記アルキル基、アリール基、アルキレン基、フェニレン基はアミンを含有していても良いし、また帯電性を損ねない範囲で、ハロゲン等の置換基を有していても良い。）

(Wherein R ₁ represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group, R ₂ represents an alkylene group or a phenylene group, R ₃ and R ₄ represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R 5 represents A compound having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring in its structure, provided that the above alkyl group, aryl group, alkylene group, and phenylene group may contain an amine, and within a range not impairing the chargeability, such as halogen. (It may have a substituent.)

  The amine equivalent (g / mol) in the amino-modified silicone oil is preferably from 300 to 10,000. When the amine equivalent is less than 300, it is difficult to uniformly coat the fine particles and the hydrophobicity is low. On the other hand, when the amine equivalent exceeds 10,000, the chargeability becomes low, and the fine particle aggregates may also become negatively chargeable and cause a decrease in image density. More preferably, the amine equivalent is 300 or more and 8000 or less.

  Silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder can be prepared by a known method, for example, a method in which inorganic fine powder and silicone oil are directly mixed in a dry mixer, or an inorganic charged in a dry mixer. A method of preparing a fine powder by stirring and mixing silicone oil that has been diluted in a suitable solvent in advance and then removing the solvent by heating.

The viscosity of the silicone oil used for treating the inorganic fine powder is preferably such that the kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C. is in the range of 30 to 500 mm ² / s. When the kinematic viscosity is less than 30 mm ² / s, there are many volatile components generated from the silicone oil, which adversely affects the developer as described later. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 mm ² / s, there is a problem in the film formability of the silicone oil film on the developer carrying surface.

  The amount of silicone oil to be treated with respect to the inorganic fine powder cannot be generally limited because of the relationship with the specific surface area of the inorganic fine powder that is the object to be treated, but with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic fine powder, Silicone oil is used in the range of 1 to 30 parts by mass. When the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the processing effect does not appear. When the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, the flowability of the developer is remarkably lowered, and the chargeability and developability are adversely affected. In order to impart the functions as described above to the surface of the developer carrying member and to impart preferable development characteristics and powder characteristics to the developer, the treatment is preferably performed in the range of 3 to 10 parts by mass.

  By the way, the silicone oil used for the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as described above is a mixture of silicone and low molecular weight siloxane having various degrees of polymerization, as shown by the above general formula.

  As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it has been found that low molecular weight siloxane present in silicone oil may cause deterioration of the developer over time. In particular, since the developing device forms an oil film on the surface of the developer carrying surface with the oil-treated fine powder, deterioration with time tends to proceed when image formation is suspended for a long period of time. As a result, toner contamination occurs in the non-image area (printing background) or toner particles are fixed to the developer carrying surface.

  The phenomenon of deterioration with time is as follows: (1) when colored particles produced by a pulverization method are used; (2) when a polar wax having a low melting point is contained in the colored particles; and (3) developer or developing device. Is left to stand in a high-temperature atmosphere, but it becomes more obvious due to the fact that it can be prevented beforehand by suppressing the amount of low molecular weight siloxane in the developer.

  As an index for predicting the occurrence of changes over time as described above, the amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated when inorganic fine particles in a developer adapted for a developing device are heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes is used. By making the amount 20 μg / g or less, it is possible to prevent neglected deterioration, more preferably 10 μg / g or less, still more preferably 5 μg / g or less.

  “Low molecular weight siloxane” used as an index for predicting the occurrence of changes over time is an organopolysiloxane having a polymerization degree of 2 to 10, and “low molecular weight siloxane generation amount” is an inorganic fine particle used in a developer. Is a value obtained by dividing the total amount of the organopolysiloxane generated when heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes by the mass of the inorganic fine powder.

  Examples of the low molecular weight siloxane include linear methyl siloxane dimer to 10 mer and cyclic methyl siloxane trimer to 10 mer, and gas chromatograph is used for quantifying the amount of each component generated. A mass spectrometer (GC-MS) is used, and it is determined as a relative value (toluene conversion value) when toluene is used as a standard substance.

  Specifically, first, the fine inorganic particles to be measured are precisely weighed and then heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes to collect the generated volatile components. Next, the collected volatile components are introduced into pyrolysis GC-MS, qualitative analysis of the volatile components is performed, components corresponding to the low molecular weight siloxane are selected, and the detected amount is obtained as a toluene equivalent value and then added. The value obtained by dividing this by the mass of the inorganic fine powder is used as the amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated, and is used as an index for preventing deterioration over time. If it is difficult to obtain inorganic fine particles, the components corresponding to the low molecular weight siloxane are selected / quantified from the volatile components from the developer collected in the same manner, and this is determined by another analytical method. The value divided by the mass of the inorganic fine particles can also be used as the amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated.

  By the way, when amino-modified silicone oil is used, in addition to the above low-molecular weight siloxane, the low-molecular weight amine derived from the raw materials and reaction by-products used when the silicone oil is amino-modified is also a cause of the same deterioration over time. Can be.

  The above-mentioned “low molecular weight amine generation amount” can also be performed by GC-MS simultaneously with the measurement of the low molecular weight siloxane generation amount, and is generated when inorganic fine particles used in the developer are heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes. Among the volatile components, the sum of the toluene conversion values of the detected amounts of the low molecular weight amine components detected in a range where the elution time is shorter than that of the cyclic organosiloxane decamer is obtained, and the value obtained by dividing by the mass of the inorganic fine particles is “low”. It can be used as a second index for preventing deterioration with time.

  At this time, the generation amount of the low molecular weight amine can be prevented from being deteriorated by setting it to 10 μg / g or less, more preferably 5 μg / g or less, and further preferably 3 μg / g or less. The amount of the low molecular weight amine generated can be determined by utilizing the volatile component of the developer, similarly to the amount of the low molecular siloxane generated.

  The low molecular weight siloxane and low molecular weight amine contained in the inorganic fine particles can be reduced by a known method, for example, a method in which silicone oil is heated and purified in advance, or a silicone oil diluted in a solvent is sprayed. For example, after the inorganic fine powder is treated, it can be removed together with the solvent while heating and stirring.

  By setting the number average particle diameter of the oil-treated inorganic fine powder to 16 to 80 nm, the developer can be supported on the minute recesses existing on the surface of the developer carrier while imparting appropriate fluidity. When the number average particle diameter of the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is less than 16 nm, the additive effect is lost in a short period of time because it is easily buried in the surface of the mixed colored particles. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 80 nm, the opening diameter and depth of the minute recesses on the developer carrying surface are increased, so that other problems are likely to occur. Further, when the number average particle diameter of the oil-treated inorganic fine powder is 20 to 40 nm, the ability as a developer and the maintenance of the surface of the developer carrying member can be made highly compatible, which is more preferable.

  The other inorganic fine powder used as a constituent component together with the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is not particularly limited, and conventionally known inorganic fine powder can be used. For example, silica fine powder and titania fine powder can be used. Hydrophobic inorganic fine powder obtained by treating the surface of a body with a silylating agent or the like.

  When the number average particle size of the hydrophobic inorganic fine powder as described above is 7 to 200 nm, it is possible to impart preferable charging properties and flow characteristics to the developer, and when the number average particle size is 40 to 200 nm. Can prevent the coexisting silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder from being embedded in the surface of the colored particles, and can maintain the effects as described above, depending on the shape of the developing device and the image forming speed. You can choose. It is also possible to use strontium titanate surface-treated with silicone oil in advance together with silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder. In particular, strontium titanate having a number average particle diameter of 100 to 500 nm and exhibiting a cubic crystal is developed. Since the cleaning effect with respect to the uneven shape on the surface of the agent carrier is high, it is preferably used.

  The number average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is, for example, after taking an enlarged photograph of the inorganic fine powder to be measured, adjusting the image contrast so that the outline of the image of the measuring object in the enlarged photograph is clear, An image for measurement of the number average particle diameter is obtained. Then, after appropriately enlarging the measurement image, 50 or more inorganic fine powders are randomly selected, the major axis of the primary particles is measured using a caliper or a ruler, and the number average particle size is calculated. I can do it.

  As a specific example, an electron micrograph of the inorganic fine powder in the developer is taken, and the photograph is subjected to image processing analysis by “Nicore image processing analyzer Luzex IID”, corresponding to a circle corresponding to the projected area of each particle. The diameter is calculated, and the arithmetic average value is taken as the average primary particle diameter. At that time, the area ratio of the particles to the frame area does not exceed 2%, and image processing of 100 to 150 particles is performed.

<About adhesion to colored particle surface and / or immobilization method>
As a method for adhering and / or immobilizing the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder to the surface of the colored particles, a conventionally known method can be applied. However, in order to efficiently express the functions as described above, Multistage mixing using a dry mixing apparatus is preferred. For example, when adhering and / or immobilizing silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder, which is a component of inorganic fine particles, and other hydrophobic inorganic fine particles to colored particles, first, the other hydrophobic inorganic fine particles are dry-mixed, and then By preparing a developer by dry-mixing the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder, the behavior of the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder with respect to the minute recesses is optimized.

  According to the developing device of this embodiment, by providing a developer carrying surface on which a plurality of convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged on the surface of the developer carrying member, the amount of developer carried and the amount of charge are changed. Can be minimized.

  In addition, a minute recess having a specific depth is provided on the surface of the recess, and a silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is present in the developer, so that a silicone oil film is rapidly and continuously formed on the surface of the developer carrying surface. As a result, it is possible to impart a favorable chargeability to the developer while preventing sticking or contamination of the developer or the like on the developer carrying surface. The characteristics are remarkably improved.

  Further, by setting the amount of low molecular weight siloxane in the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder to 20 μg / g or less, it becomes possible to prevent chemical attack on the toner particles, and fluctuations in fixation and charging characteristics accompanying plasticization of the toner particles. It is possible to prevent problems caused by.

  According to the developing device, it is possible to improve toner conveyance failure. According to the developing device, filming can be solved. The charged state of the developer on the developer carrying surface can be made favorable. According to the developing device, the performance of the developing roller can be maximized by precisely controlling the composition of the silicone oil used in the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder. As a result, it is possible to provide a high-quality print image stably over a long period of time.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.

<Example of production of developer carrier>
[Development Roller Production Example 1]
After polishing the outer peripheral surface (hereinafter referred to as “cylindrical surface”) of a cylindrical roller base material made of a carbon steel pipe having a diameter of 16 mm with a centerless polishing machine, sand blasting (abrasive material; white alundum # 60) is applied. The cylindrical surface was uniformly formed with fine irregularities. Next, in order to form two intersecting grooves (grooves in the directions indicated by arrows A and B in FIG. 2), first and second dies on which ridges corresponding to the respective grooves are formed are used. The roller base material was installed in the provided rolling apparatus. Then, while rotating each die and the roller base material at a constant speed, the die was pressed while feeding the roller base material, and the first and second grooves were rolled into the roller base material.

  As a result, the cylindrical surface has a plurality of regularly arranged convex portions and concave portions surrounding the convex portions on the surface, and the surfaces of the convex portions are part of the same cylindrical surface. Got a building roller. At this time, the minute irregularities formed by the sandblasting process were deformed by pressing during rolling, but remained as minute depressions on the concave surface.

  The obtained rolling roller is immersed in a heated degreasing solution and degreased, and then immersed in a Ni-P plating bath, subjected to electroless plating on the cylindrical surface, washed and dried. “Developing roller-1” having a developer carrying surface having the surface structure shown in FIG.

  When the surface shape of the obtained “developing roller-1” was measured, the height difference between the convex portion and the concave portion was 9 μm, and the depth of the minute concave portion was 97 nm.

[Production Examples 2 to 4 of developing roller]
Except for changing the processing pressure, the nozzle diameter, and the abrasive particle size during the sandblasting process, the “developing roller-2” is a developing roller having a different depth of the minute concave portion in the same manner as “developing roller manufacturing example 1”. ˜4 ”was produced.

[Development roller production example 5]
“Developing roller” except that the first and second dies are exchanged and adjusted so that the inclined grooves formed by the respective dies do not intersect each other, and the inclined grooves are formed in the same direction. In the same manner as in “Production Example 1”, “Developing Roller-5” having a convex portion and a concave portion provided by spirally extending inclined grooves was produced.

[Production Examples 1 and 2 of comparative developing roller]
“Comparative development” is a developing roller having different depths of micro-recesses in the same manner as in “Development roller production example 1” except that the processing pressure, the nozzle diameter, and the abrasive particle diameter during sandblasting are changed. Rollers-1 and 2 "were produced.
The contents of “Developing Rollers 1 to 5” and “Comparative Developing Rollers 1 and 2” obtained in “Developing Roll Manufacturing Examples 1 to 5” and “Comparative Developing Roller Manufacturing Examples 1 and 2” are as follows: The results are summarized in Table 1 below.

<Example of production of silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder>
[Production Example 1 of Silicone Oil-treated Inorganic Fine Powder]
100 parts by mass of a silica fine powder matrix (specific surface area 50 m ² / g) produced by a dry method is put into a stirrer, and 2 masses of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (hereinafter abbreviated as γ-APS) while stirring. After spraying a mixed solution consisting of 2 parts by weight of hexamethyldisilazane (hereinafter abbreviated as HMDS) and 5 parts by weight of hexane, the mixture was treated and heated to 120 ° C. while stirring was continued. Was removed and dried to obtain a silane (silicon hydride) treated product.

Then, amino-modified silicone oil (amine equivalent = 1,900 g / mol, 25 viscosity at ℃ = 250mm ² / S) 25 wt% (viscosity = 3,000 mm ² / S at 25 ° C.) dimethyl silicone oil containing 4 mass A mixed solution diluted with 10 parts by mass of hexane is sprayed on 100 parts by mass of the silane-treated product with stirring, and after mixing, the temperature is raised to 120 ° C. while stirring is continued to remove the solvent. And dried to obtain a silicone oil treated product.

  Furthermore, the obtained silicone oil-treated product was flowed in hot air at 120 ° C. for 6 hours for curing treatment, and then crushed to obtain “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1”.

  Volatile components generated when the obtained “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1” was heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes were collected and analyzed using pyrolysis GC-MS. The chromatogram shown in a) was obtained. When the chromatogram was qualitatively analyzed, peaks P1 to P8 were selected as components corresponding to low molecular weight siloxane (organopolysiloxane having a polymerization degree of 2 to 10) used as an index for predicting the occurrence of change over time, and cyclic organo No low molecular weight amine component was detected in a range where the elution time was shorter than that of the siloxane decamer.

  The qualitative results of the components of the peaks P1 to P8 and the quantitative results in terms of toluene are as shown in FIG. 6B, and the amount of low molecular weight siloxane components detected from “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1” is The amount of low molecular weight amine component generated was 11.2 μg / g and 0 μg / g.

  The contents of the “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1” are summarized in Table 2 below.

[Production Examples 2 to 9 of inorganic fine powder treated with silicone oil]
Except for changing the silica fine powder matrix to be used, the amount of γ-APS, the amount of HMDS, the content of the silicone oil, and the conditions for the curing treatment, Treated inorganic fine powder -2 to 9 "were obtained.

[Production example of comparative inorganic fine powder]
Except for increasing the amount of γ-APS and the amount of HMDS used, a silane-treated product was obtained in the same manner as in “Production Example 1 of Silicone Oil-treated Inorganic Fine Powder”, and then hot air at 100 ° C. without mixing the silicone oil. The mixture was allowed to flow for 3 hours to cure, and then crushed to obtain a “comparative inorganic fine powder”.

  “Silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-2 to 9” and “Comparative inorganic fine powder” obtained in “Manufacturing examples 2 to 9 of silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder” and “Manufacturing example of comparative inorganic fine powder” Are summarized in Table 2 below.

As an example of the analysis results, FIG. 7A shows a chromatogram of volatile components generated when “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-7” is heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes.
Peaks P3, P6, P8 and P10-14 are selected as components corresponding to the low molecular weight siloxane component, and similarly, peaks P1, P2, P4, P5, P7 and P9 are selected as components corresponding to the low molecular weight amine component. Selected.

  The qualitative results of the components of the peaks P1 to P16 and the quantitative results in terms of toluene are as shown in FIG. 7B, and the amount of low molecular weight siloxane components detected from “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-7” is The generation amount of the low molecular weight amine component was 21.9 μg / g at 26.1 μg / g.

<Manufacturing example of developer>
[Production Example 1 of Toner Particles]
The following components were dry mixed and then kneaded with a biaxial kneader.
Polyester resin (Mw = 40,000, Tg = 60 ° C.) 100 parts by mass Carbon black (average particle size = 35 nm) 5 parts by mass Ester wax (DSC maximum endothermic peak peak temperature = 70 ° C.) 5 parts by mass

  The obtained kneaded product is cooled, coarsely pulverized to approximately 1 mm or less, and then finely pulverized using a mechanical pulverizer. The obtained finely pulverized product is classified to contain no charge control agent “toner particles” -1 "was obtained.

[Production Example 2 of Toner Particles]
“Toner Particles-2” containing a charge control agent in the same manner as in “Toner Particle Production Example 1” except that 1 part by mass of an aluminum compound of salicylic acid derivative (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added during kneading. Got.

  The toner particles -1 and 2 obtained in the above production examples each have a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 6.7 μm and 10 developer particles having a particle size frequency distribution of 3 μm or less in a number-based particle size frequency distribution. % Was produced.

[Production Example 1 of single component developer]
The following components were put into a dry mixing apparatus, premixed at a low rotational speed, and then further subjected to dry mixing for 4 minutes at a high rotational speed.
-Toner particle-1 100 parts by mass-Hydrophobized silica fine particles (average primary particle size = 100 nm) 1.5 parts by mass-Hydrophobized titanium dioxide fine particles (average primary particle size = 20 nm) 1.0 part by mass The components were added and dry mixing was performed for 4 minutes at a high rotational speed.
-0.4 part by mass of the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1-HMDS-treated silica fine particles (average primary particle size = 15 nm) 1.0 part by mass

  After dry mixing, coarse particles were removed by sieving to obtain a black one-component developer-1.

  When the obtained “one-component developer-1” was observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the above-mentioned inorganic fine particles were dry-mixed on the surface of the “toner particles-1” which are colored particles. Was adhered and / or fixed, and the total amount of the inorganic fine particles was 3.9 parts by mass with respect to “toner particle-1” (100 parts by mass).

  The inorganic fine particles contain 3.9 mg / g of silicone oil, and the amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated when heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes is 1.1 μg / g. The generation amount of was 0 μg / g.

  The contents of the “one-component developer-1” are summarized in Table 3 below.

[Production Examples 2 to 6 and 8 to 10 of one-component developer]
Instead of the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1, the “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-2 to 6” or the “silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder—8 to 10” was used, except that “Manufacturing Example of One-Component Developer” was used. In the same manner as “1”, “one-component developer-2 to 6” and “one-component developer-8 to 10” were obtained.

[Production Example 7 for one-component developer]
The same as “Production Example 1 of one-component developer” except that the toner particles-2 and the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-6 are used in place of the toner particles-1 and the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1. In this way, “One-Component Developer-7” was obtained.

[Production Example 1 for Comparative One-Component Developer]
“Comparative one-component developer-1” in the same manner as in “Production Example 1 for one-component developer”, except that the comparative inorganic fine powder was used instead of the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1. "

[Production Example 2 for Comparative One-Component Developer]
“Manufacturing example 1 of single component developer” except that 0.5 parts by mass of dimethyl silicone oil (KF-96-200CS, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder-1. In the same manner as above, “Comparative one-component developer-2” was obtained.
"One-Component Developer-1 to 10" and "Comparative One-Component Developer" obtained in "Manufacturing Examples 1 to 10 for One-Component Developer" and "Manufacturing Examples 1 and 2 for Comparative One-Component Developer" The contents of “−1 and 2” are summarized in Table 3 below.

  The one-component developer and the comparative one-component developer obtained in the above production examples both have a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 6.7 μm and a development of 3 μm or less in the number-based particle size frequency distribution. The number of particles of the agent was 10%, and the state before dry mixing was maintained.

<Example 1>
As an image forming apparatus, the developer unit of ML-3310ND (manufactured by SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS), which is a monochrome laser printer compatible with A4 size paper, is replaced with a non-contact developing unit corresponding to non-magnetic one-component toner, and 33 sheets / minute ( A4 size paper was used that was modified / adjusted so that image formation was possible at an image output speed of (vertically output A4 size paper). The image forming apparatus uses an OPC drum that is an electrostatic image carrier, a charging roller that is a contact-type charger, and a process cartridge in which a developing device is detachably mounted, and the developing device for the process cartridge The part was replaced with a non-contact developing device compatible with non-magnetic one-component toner, and modified / adjusted so that image formation was possible at an image output speed of 33 sheets / minute (A4 size paper was output vertically) Was used.

  As the non-contact developing unit of the image forming apparatus, the “developing roller-1” obtained in “Developing roller production example 1” is used, and the elastic contact member of the developer regulating member is a stainless steel thin plate. (Plate thickness = 90 μm) was used.

In the non-contact developing unit, 150 g of “one-component developer-1” obtained in “Manufacturing Example 1 of one-component developer” is added, and the protruding amount of the elastic contact member of the developer-regulating member is set. The amount of toner carried on the developing roller was adjusted so as to satisfy the range of 0.30 to 0.35 mg / cm ² by increasing or decreasing.

  As a transfer material, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. full-color copier paper C2 (70 g / cm 2, A4 size) was used, and image quality evaluation of the obtained image and matching evaluation with an image forming apparatus were performed.

  Further, 150 g of the separately prepared one-component developer-1 was weighed in a polycup, and the polycup was placed in a polybag together with the polycup, and left in an oven set at 50 ° C. for one week. The change with time was accelerated. This standing developer was also evaluated in the same manner.

  The evaluation items and evaluation criteria of the evaluation test are shown below.

[Image quality evaluation]
[1. Image density]
In each test environment of normal temperature and normal humidity (23 ° C./55% Rh), low temperature and low humidity (15 ° C./10% Rh), and high temperature and high humidity (32 ° C./80% Rh), A printout test was performed for 000 sheets. At that time, images having a solid patch of 5 mm on each side in the vicinity of the four corners and in the center were printed out at intervals of 100 sheets, and the reflection density of the solid patch of the obtained image was measured. After measurement with a photometer Spectroeye (manufactured by Gretag Macbeth), an average value was calculated and evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: 1.30 or more (very good)
B: 1.15 or more and less than 1.30 (good)
C: 1.00 or more and less than 1.15 (Acceptable level in the present invention)
D: Less than 1.00 (impossible level in the present invention)

[2. Reproducibility of small point character images]
A five-point character image was printed near and at the four corners, and the reproducibility of the obtained character image was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: Fluctuation amount of thin line width is less than 10% (very good)
B: The fluctuation amount of the line width of the thin line is 10% or more and less than 15% (good)
C: The change of the fine line is 15% or more and can be confirmed visually.
(Acceptable level in the present invention)
D: Contact between thin wires and tearing of the thin wires themselves can be easily confirmed visually.
(Unusable level in the present invention)

[3. Non-image area (print background) toner stains]
At low temperature and low humidity (15 ° C / 10% Rh), when white images are formed, the developer present on the photosensitive drum during the transition from the development process to the transfer process is removed from the adhesive surface of the mending tape (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M). , Measured with a spectrophotometer Spectroeye (Gretag Macbeth), and the reflection density when the mending tape was directly applied to the paper (blank) ) Was subtracted and evaluated according to the following criteria. A smaller numerical value indicates that toner contamination in the non-image area is suppressed.
A: Less than 0.03 (very good)
B: 0.03 or more and less than 0.07 (good)
C: 0.07 or more and less than 1.00 (Acceptable level in the present invention)
D: 1.00 or more (this is an unacceptable level in the present invention)

[Evaluation of matching with image forming apparatus]
[1. Charge distribution]
After completion of the printout test, a part of the toner particles carried on the developer carrying surface of the developing roller is collected, and a good charge distribution is measured using “Espart Analyzer EST-3 manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation”. The abundance of a component (positively charged component) having a positive value for / d was evaluated. The smaller the amount, the better the charging.
A: Less than 10% by number (very good)
B: 10 number% or more and less than 20 number% (good)
C: 20% by number or more and less than 30% by number (this is an acceptable level in the present invention)
D: 30% or more

[2. State of developer carrying surface]
After the completion of all tests, the developing roller was rotated for 4 hours without consuming toner, and the state of the developer carrying surface when the pressure was forcibly applied to the developer carrying surface was observed under a microscope. Evaluated according to.
A: Not generated (very good)
B: The toner particle fixing portion is less than 10% by area of the developer carrying surface excluding the convex top surface.
(Good)
C: The toner particle fixing portion is less than 30% by area of the developer carrying surface excluding the convex top surface
(Acceptable level in the present invention)
D: The toner particle fixing portion exceeds 30 area% of the developer carrying surface excluding the top surface of the convex portion.
(Unusable level in the present invention)

  When an evaluation test was performed in accordance with the above, the surface of the developing roller-1 is provided with a developer carrying surface in which convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged. And the depth D of the minute recesses provided on the recess surface is 5.7 times the average primary particle size d of the inorganic fine powder containing the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component. Thus, the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder can be continuously supplied / supported in the minute recesses, and a silicone oil film can be rapidly and continuously formed on the surface of the developer-supporting surface.

As a result, it is possible to prevent the developer and the like from sticking to the developer carrying surface and to prevent contamination, and by adding an amino-modified silicone oil, it is possible to impart a preferable negative chargeability to the developer. . As a result, over the long term, the development characteristics under all use conditions were remarkably improved, and a printout image exhibiting very good image quality could be obtained.
Further, by setting the volatilization amount of the low molecular weight siloxane component and the low molecular weight amine component due to the silicone oil in the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder to a predetermined amount or less, chemical attack on the colored particles can be prevented, and the toner It was possible to prevent the deterioration of the developer over time due to the fixation due to the plasticization of the particles and the fluctuation of the charging characteristics.

  Details of examination contents and evaluation results of Example 1 are summarized in Tables 4 and 5 below.

<Examples 2 to 10>
Instead of “developing roller-1” and “one-component developer-1”, “developing roller-2-5” obtained in “Development Roller Production Examples 2-5” and “single-component developer” An evaluation test was performed in the same manner as in "Example 1" except that "One-component developer-2 to 10" obtained in Production Examples 2 to 10 was used.

  The details of the examination contents and evaluation results of Examples 2 to 10 are summarized in Tables 4 and 5 below.

<Comparative example 1>
“Development roller-1” is “Development roller-2” obtained in “Development roller production example 2”, and “Comparative one-component developer production example 1” is obtained. An evaluation test was performed in the same manner as in “Example 1” except that “Developer-1” was used.

  As a result, the inorganic fine particles do not contain the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder, so that the toner particles are fixed on the surface of the developer carrying member, and the charge amount distribution of the developer is problematic. As a result, the image quality of the obtained printout image is not unacceptably unacceptable, and the developer adheres to the surface of the contact charging roller, causing vertical streak-like image defects due to poor charging on the image. Triggered.

<Comparative example 2>
“Development roller-1” was replaced with “Comparison development roller-1” obtained in “Comparative development roller production example 1”, and obtained in “Comparative one-component developer production example 9”. The evaluation test was conducted in the same manner as in “Example 1” except that “Comparative one-component developer-9” was used. At this time, the depth D of the minute concave portion provided on the concave surface of the developer carrying surface of the “developing roller-1” is the average primary particle diameter d of the inorganic fine powder containing the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component. It was 45 times.

  As a result, the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder and other fine powder components retained in the minute recesses cannot escape, and the formation of a silicone oil film on the surface of the developer-carrying surface is hindered. There was a problem in matching with the image forming apparatus.

<Comparative Example 3>
The “developing roller-1” was replaced with the “comparative developing roller-1” obtained in the “comparative developing roller production example 1”, and the “single component developer production example 9” was obtained. An evaluation test was performed in the same manner as in “Example 1” except that “one-component developer-9” was used. At this time, the depth D of the minute concave portion provided on the concave surface of the developer carrying surface of the “developing roller-1” is the average primary particle diameter d of the inorganic fine powder containing the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component. It was 1.9 times.

  As a result, it becomes difficult to hold the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder in the minute recesses, the silicone oil film formation on the surface of the developer carrying surface is insufficient, and the image quality of the printout image and the matching with the image forming apparatus are reduced. Caused a problem.

<Comparative Example 4>
“Development roller-1” is “Development roller-2” obtained in “Development roller production example 2”, and “Comparison one-component developer production example 2” is obtained. An evaluation test was conducted in the same manner as in “Example 1” except that “Developer-2” was used.

  As a result, although the image density was at an acceptable level, the developer that lost fluidity due to the direct addition of silicone oil was further agglomerated on the developer carrying surface. There was a problem with toner smearing in the image area.

  In this state, when image formation was repeated many times while supplying a new developer to the developing device, the developer adhered to the surface of the contact charging roller, and vertical streaks due to poor charging were observed on the image. Induced image defects.

  Further, when “Comparative one-component developer-2” which was allowed to stand at 45 ° C. for one week was evaluated, the developer was significantly deteriorated. Not only was the above problem accelerated, but also significant sticking to the developer carrier surface occurred, so the study was stopped.

  Details of the examination contents and evaluation results in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are summarized in Tables 4 and 5 below.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications as described below are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, the developer may include a negatively chargeable developer and a positively chargeable developer, and the positively chargeable developer may include a silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder containing a silicone oil having a nitrogen atom.

  In the above embodiment, the charging device is provided with a contact charger as a charging device for applying a charge to the surface of the electrostatic latent image carrier. However, the charging device is not limited to the contact charger, A configuration including a charging device may also be used.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Developer 110 ... Developer carrier (developing roller), 112 ... Convex part, 113 ... Slight concave part, 114 ... Concave part, 120 ... Developer supply body (toner supply roller), 130 ... Developer storage chamber (toner) (Accommodating chamber), 140... Developer regulating member (elastic blade), 150... Developing chamber, 160.

Claims (14)

A developer storage chamber for storing the developer;
A developer carrying member that is rotatably arranged and carries the developer contained in the developer containing chamber;
A developer regulating member for regulating the layer thickness of the developer supplied on the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrying member,
The developer is obtained by adhering and / or fixing inorganic fine particles containing silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder as a constituent component on the surface of colored particles having a colorant and a binder resin.
On the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrier, a developer carrying surface in which convex portions and concave portions are regularly arranged is formed,
A minute recess is formed on the surface of the recess,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the minute recess is 2.0 to 30 times the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles.   The developer carrying member is a developing roller carrying a developer on an outer peripheral surface, and is formed on the outer peripheral surface in a direction inclined with respect to a circumferential direction of the developing roller and a rotation axis direction of the developing roller. The developing device according to claim 1, further comprising a developer carrying surface in which the convex portions and the concave portions provided by the spirally continuous inclined grooves are regularly arranged.   On the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrier, there is provided a developer carrying surface in which a plurality of convex portions and concave portions provided by a plurality of inclined grooves formed so as to cross each other are regularly arranged. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein: The developer is formed by adhering and / or immobilizing the inorganic fine particles at 2 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the colored particles.
The developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of the silicone oil in the inorganic fine particles is 1.5 mg / g or more and 25 mg / g or less.   The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the amount of low molecular weight siloxane generated when the inorganic fine particles are heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes is 10 μg / g or less. . The developer is a negatively chargeable developer,
6. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder is treated with amino-modified silicone oil or silicone oil containing amino-modified silicone oil.   The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the amount of low molecular weight amine generated when the inorganic fine particles are heated at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes is 3 μg / g or less. . The colored particles in the developer contain a wax component;
The wax component exhibits at least one endothermic peak in a region of 50 ° C. or higher and lower than 110 ° C. in a DSC curve measured according to “ASTM-D3418-82”. The developing device according to any one of the above. The developer regulating member includes an elastic contact body that extends in a width direction parallel to the rotation axis of the developer carrier and has an end portion, and is disposed so as to contact the outer peripheral surface of the developer carrier. ,
The ratio of the surface hardness of the contact portion of the developer regulating member with respect to the developer carrying member is 0.20 or more and less than 1.00, according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Development device. An electrostatic image carrier;
A developing device for developing an electrostatic image on the surface of the electrostatic image carrier,
A process cartridge that is detachably attached to an image forming apparatus,
A process cartridge, wherein the developing device is the developing device according to claim 1.   The process cartridge according to claim 10, wherein the charging device for applying a charge to the surface of the electrostatic image bearing member is a contact type charger. An electrostatic image carrier;
An image forming apparatus comprising a developing device for developing an electrostatic image on the surface of the electrostatic image bearing member,
An image forming apparatus, wherein the developing device is the developing device according to claim 1.   13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the charging device for applying an electric charge to the surface of the electrostatic image bearing member is a contact charger.   An image forming apparatus comprising the process cartridge according to claim 10 detachably.

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