JP6327741B2 - Apparatus and method for removing cesium from muddy water - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for removing cesium from muddy water Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、原子力発電所の事故等により広範囲の地域が放射性セシウムに汚染された場合に発生する河川や湖沼の底部汚泥や、除染洗浄水などで発生する放射性セシウム吸着した懸濁物質を含む濁水処理に用いて好適な、濁水中の濁水中セシウム除去装置および方法に関する。 The present invention includes radioactive cesium-adsorbed suspended matter generated in the bottom sludge of rivers and lakes and decontamination washing water that occurs when a wide area is contaminated with radioactive cesium due to an accident at a nuclear power plant, etc. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for removing cesium in muddy water, which is suitable for muddy water treatment.
原発事故で拡散したセシウムにより水質汚染が引き起こされており、その対策として多くのセシウムイオン吸着材が開発されている。しかし、環境中に放出されたセシウムの多くはイオン上ではなく土壌中の粘土物質によって吸着され安定な固定体を形成していることが明らかになってきている。そこで、水に対するセシウム汚染の問題は水に溶解したイオン状セシウムの処理ではなく、セシウムを吸着した粘土物質を主成分とする懸濁物質の処理であるとの方向性が出てきている。 Water pollution is caused by cesium diffused in the nuclear accident, and many cesium ion adsorbents have been developed as countermeasures. However, it has become clear that most of the cesium released into the environment is adsorbed not by the ions but by the clay material in the soil to form a stable stationary body. Therefore, the problem of cesium contamination with respect to water is not the treatment of ionic cesium dissolved in water, but the direction of treatment of suspended substances mainly composed of clay substances adsorbing cesium has emerged.
一般に懸濁物質の処理には凝集剤を用いて沈殿を形成させる方法も、もしくは、ゼオライトや活性炭のような吸着能をもつ物質により濾過、吸着させる方法が用いられてきた。ここで、凝集沈殿法はプールなどの人工の限られた空間では使用可能である。しかし、凝集沈殿法を湖沼や河川で用いると、底部にセシウムの高い沈殿槽層を形成する危険性があり使用できないという課題がある。 In general, a suspension is treated by a method of forming a precipitate using a flocculant, or a method of filtering and adsorbing with a substance having an adsorbing ability such as zeolite or activated carbon. Here, the coagulation sedimentation method can be used in an artificial limited space such as a pool. However, when the coagulation sedimentation method is used in lakes and rivers, there is a risk that a sedimentation tank layer with high cesium may be formed at the bottom, and there is a problem that it cannot be used.
他方で吸着材による濾過の方法は、極僅か存在する水中セシウムイオンも吸着除去できるというメリットもある。しかし、懸濁物質量よりはるかに大量に必要とされる吸着材自体がセシウムを含む懸濁物質を取り込んでしまい、新たな放射性廃棄物を大幅に増やしてしまうという問題が生じる。
そこで、河川や除染の現場でも使える簡便な方法で、かつ、懸濁物質除去のために発生する新たな汚染物量を極力抑え管理可能な状態で取り出すことのできる、セシウム汚染懸濁水の処理技術が必要とされている。
On the other hand, the method of filtration with an adsorbent also has the merit of being able to adsorb and remove cesium ions in water that are very small. However, the adsorbent itself, which is required in a much larger amount than the amount of suspended material, takes in suspended material containing cesium, resulting in a problem of greatly increasing new radioactive waste.
Therefore, cesium-contaminated suspended water treatment technology that can be used in rivers and decontamination sites, and that can be taken out in a manageable state while minimizing the amount of new contaminants generated to remove suspended substances. Is needed.
次に、上記の総論的な説明に続いて、個別の先行技術文献を掲げて説明する。
非特許文献１は、大部分のセシウムは天然の粘土鉱物に吸着されており、水中のイオン状態はほとんどないことを指摘し、濁水の懸濁物質の処理が重要であることを指摘している。しかし、処理にともなう発生廃棄物に関しては踏み込んでいない。
非特許文献２は、懸濁物質の除去がセシウム除去につながることを示しているは見ているが、吸着材を使用しており、これら使用された吸着材が放射性廃棄物になる問題を解決していない。
特許文献１は、懸濁物質の分離が放射性廃液の処理に有効であることを指摘しているが、懸濁物質を吸着した分離膜の処理については言及していない。
特許文献２−５は、いずれも懸濁物質の付着した濾過材の洗浄についての技術が記載されている。しかし、これは濾過材の目詰まりによる濾過能力の低減を再生させるためのものであり、目詰まりさえ解消できれば濾過材の表面などに懸濁物質が残存しても構わない。そのために、洗浄を有効に行うために、濾過材の粒度が洗浄の篩目よりすべて大きいこと、濾過材が懸濁物質を吸着しない洗浄性であることなどの技術的必要因子を考慮しえていない。
Next, following the general explanation above, individual prior art documents will be listed and explained.
Non-Patent Document 1 points out that most of cesium is adsorbed by natural clay minerals and has almost no ionic state in water, and points out that the treatment of suspended substances in muddy water is important. . However, it does not go into the waste generated from the treatment.
Non-Patent Document 2 sees that the removal of suspended substances leads to the removal of cesium, but uses adsorbents, and solves the problem that these adsorbents become radioactive waste Not done.
Patent Document 1 points out that the separation of suspended substances is effective for the treatment of radioactive liquid waste, but does not mention the treatment of separation membranes that have adsorbed suspended substances.
Patent Documents 2 to 5 each describe a technique for cleaning a filter medium to which a suspended substance is attached. However, this is intended to regenerate the reduction in filtration capacity due to clogging of the filter medium, and suspended matter may remain on the surface of the filter medium as long as the clogging can be eliminated. Therefore, in order to perform cleaning effectively, technical factors such as that the particle size of the filter medium is all larger than the screen size of the filter and that the filter medium is detergency that does not adsorb suspended substances are not taken into consideration. .
本発明は上記課題を解決するもので、河川や湖沼の底部汚泥や除染洗浄水などで発生する放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質を含む濁水から、濁水処理によって生じるセシウム汚染廃棄物を大幅に減らしつつ、濁水中のセシウムを取り除く装置および方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and greatly reduces cesium-contaminated waste generated by muddy water treatment from muddy water containing suspended solids adsorbed with radioactive cesium generated in bottom sludge of rivers and lakes and decontamination washing water. An object is to provide an apparatus and a method for removing cesium in muddy water while reducing the amount.
従来の吸着材への懸濁物質の吸着やゼオライト、活性炭などの吸着機能を持つ濾過材による懸濁物質の捕獲では、吸着材や濾過材があらたなセシウム汚染物質となる。そこで逆に、懸濁物質に対して吸着機能をもたない、すなわち表面に付着した懸濁物質も水洗や機械的剥離で離脱させることのできる表面の平滑な非吸着性物質を用いて濾過を行い。その濾過材間に捕獲された懸濁物質を洗浄、分級することで回収し、濾過材の非吸着性物質は再度使用することで、非吸着性の濾過材から洗浄・分級された懸濁物質だけを発生物とする。 In the conventional adsorption of suspended solids on adsorbents and trapping of suspended solids by means of filter media having an adsorption function such as zeolite and activated carbon, the adsorbents and filter media become new cesium contaminants. Therefore, on the contrary, filtration is performed using a non-adsorbing substance with a smooth surface that does not have an adsorption function for suspended substances, that is, suspended substances adhering to the surface can be removed by washing with water or mechanical peeling. Done. Suspended substances collected and collected from the non-adsorbent filter medium are recovered by washing and classifying the suspended substances trapped between the filter medium and reusing the non-adsorbent substances of the filter medium. Only the product.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置２０は、例えば図６に示すように、水中懸濁物質に対して非吸着性であると共に離散可能な非吸着性粒子２１と、高秩序メソポーラス材料２３を含んで構成された濾過体２２と、濾過体２２に放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水１０を供給する濁水供給部２４と、濾過体２２で濾過された処理水１４を排出する処理水排出部２６と、濾過体２２を収容する濾過体収容部２８と、非吸着性粒子２１よりも細かく、懸濁物質１２よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の処理側網部３０と、濾過体２２に洗浄水１６を供給する洗浄水供給部３２と、処理側網部３０を通過した懸濁物質１２を含む洗浄済み水１８を排出する汚水排出部３４とを備える。
なお、濾過体の離散可能な粒子とは、表面付着物を洗浄・離脱せしめる処理において表面を露出できる程度のものを意味しており、粒子をひも状物で連結したもの、洗浄可能な空隙を持つことのできる繊維状や膜状物質およびその積層物やこれらの組み合わせも含まれる。また、洗浄可能な非吸着性フィルタには繊維や紙を用いたものが含まれ、繊維には例えばナイロンやポリエチレンなどの合成繊維や、麻や生糸のような天然繊維が用いられる。
高秩序メソポーラス材料は、懸濁物質吸着能を持たずかつ水中セシウムイオン吸着能を持つ選択性吸着能物質を有するセシウムイオン吸着性粒子に相当する。
The turbid water cesium removing apparatus 20 of the present invention includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 , non-adsorptive particles 21 that are non-adsorptive and dispersible with respect to suspended substances in water , and highly ordered mesoporous materials 23 . The configured filter body 22, the muddy water supply unit 24 that supplies the muddy water 10 containing the suspended substance 12 that has adsorbed radioactive cesium to the filter body 22, and the treated water discharge that discharges the treated water 14 filtered by the filter body 22. Part 26, filter body containing part 28 for containing filter body 22, processing side network part 30 for holding a filter body having finer mesh than non-adsorbing particles 21 and coarser than suspended substance 12, and filter body The cleaning water supply unit 32 supplies the cleaning water 16 to 22, and the sewage discharge unit 34 discharges the washed water 18 containing the suspended solids 12 that has passed through the treatment side network unit 30.
The discrete particles of the filter mean that the surface can be exposed in the process of cleaning and releasing the surface deposits, and the particles are connected with a string, and the washable voids. Also included are fibrous and membranous materials, laminates thereof, and combinations thereof. Further, the non-adsorbable filter that can be washed includes those using fibers and paper, and synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyethylene and natural fibers such as hemp and raw silk are used as the fibers.
The highly ordered mesoporous material corresponds to cesium ion-adsorbing particles having a selective adsorptive substance that does not have the ability to adsorb suspended substances and has the ability to adsorb cesium ions in water.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置は、例えば図７に示すように、濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０と洗浄水ユニット６０とで構成される。
濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０は、水中懸濁物質に対して非吸着性であると共に離散可能な非吸着性粒子４１と、高秩序メソポーラス材料４３を含んで構成された濾過体４２と、濾過体４２に放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水１０を供給する濁水供給部４４と、濾過体４２で濾過された処理水を排出する処理水排出部４６と、濾過体４２を収容する濾過体収容部４８と、非吸着性粒子４１よりも細かい網目を有する濾過体保持用の処理側網部５０と、濾過体収容部４８から濾過体４２を出し入れするための取出し開口部５２とを含んで構成される。
洗浄水ユニット６０は、濾過体収容部４８から取出された濾過体４２を収容する再生用濾過体収容部６２と、濾過体４２に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部６４と、非吸着性粒子４１よりも細かく、懸濁物質１２よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の再生用網部６６と、再生用網部６６を通過した懸濁物質１２を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部６８とを含んで構成される。
Turbid water in cesium removal apparatus of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, and a washing water unit 60 and turbid water in cesium removal unit 40.
The muddy water cesium removing unit 40 includes a non-adsorptive particle 41 that is non-adsorptive and dispersible with respect to suspended substances in water, a filter body 42 including a highly ordered mesoporous material 43 , and a filter body 42. A turbid water supply unit 44 for supplying turbid water 10 containing suspended solids 12 having adsorbed radioactive cesium on the surface, a treated water discharge unit 46 for discharging treated water filtered by the filter body 42, and a filter body containing the filter body 42 Including a container 48, a processing-side mesh 50 for holding a filter body having a finer mesh than the non-adsorbing particles 41, and a take-out opening 52 for taking in and out the filter body 42 from the filter body container 48. Composed.
The washing water unit 60 includes a regeneration filter housing part 62 for housing the filter body 42 taken out from the filter body housing part 48, a washing water supply part 64 for supplying washing water to the filter body 42, and non-adsorbing particles. A regenerating net 66 for holding a filter body having a mesh finer than 41 and coarser than the suspended substance 12, and a sewage discharging unit for discharging washed water containing the suspended substance 12 that has passed through the regenerating net 66 68.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置では、離散可能な非吸着性粒子と、高秩序メソポーラス材料を含んで構成された濾過体と、その濾過層構成粒子を洗浄し、当該粒子間に捕獲された懸濁物質を取り出すための構成要素を備えることにより、濁水中のセシウムを吸着した懸濁物質を水中から分離して、濁水中のセシウムを低減する。
In the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention, the non-adsorbable particles that can be dispersed, the filter body including the highly ordered mesoporous material, and the filter layer-constituting particles are washed, and the suspended particles captured between the particles are washed. By providing the component for taking out turbid substance, the suspended substance which adsorb | sucked the cesium in muddy water is isolate | separated from water, and cesium in muddy water is reduced.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置において、好ましくは、濾過体（２２、４２）は、重力または圧力の少なくとも一方により濁水を濾過体中に流入させる槽状構造であるとよい。
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置において、好ましくは、離散可能な非吸着性粒子（２１、４１）は、濾過材洗浄時において個々の粒子表面が露出して、洗浄水と接触するとよい。
In the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention, preferably, the filter body (22, 42) has a tank-like structure that allows turbid water to flow into the filter body by at least one of gravity and pressure .
In the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention, preferably, the non-adsorbable particles (21, 41) that can be dispersed are exposed to the surface of the individual particles during cleaning of the filter medium, and come into contact with the cleaning water.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置は、例えば図４に示すように、水の浸透可能な容器に包んだ層状の濾過体を有すると共に、河川等の増水時に含セシウム懸濁物質が流出する危険性がある流路に設置される除染袋であって、前記濾過体は、水中懸濁物質に対して非吸着性であると共に離散可能な非吸着性粒子と、高秩序メソポーラス材料を含んで構成されると共に、前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かく、前記懸濁物質よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の処理側網部と、前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部と、前記処理側網部を通過した前記懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部と、を備える。
Turbid water in cesium removal apparatus of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, which has a filter body layered wrapped in permeable container of water, the risk of containing cesium suspended matter when swollen such river flows out A decontamination bag installed in a flow path, wherein the filter body includes non-adsorptive particles that are non-adsorptive to a suspended substance in water and can be dispersed, and a highly ordered mesoporous material. In addition , the processing side mesh part for holding the filter body having a mesh that is finer than the non-adsorbing particles and coarser than the suspended substance, the washing water supply part that supplies the washing water to the filter body, A sewage discharge unit that discharges washed water containing the suspended matter that has passed through the treatment-side net unit.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置は、例えば図４に示すように、水の浸透可能な容器に包んだ層状の濾過体を有すると共に、河川等の増水時に含セシウム懸濁物質が流出する危険性がある流路に設置される除染袋であって、前記濾過体は、水中懸濁物質に対して非吸着性であると共に離散可能な非吸着性粒子と、高秩序メソポーラス材料を含んで構成されると共に、前記除染袋から取出された前記濾過体を収容する処理用濾過体収容部と、前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部と、前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かく、前記懸濁物質よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の再生用網部と、前記再生用網部を通過した前記懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部と、有する洗浄水ユニットと、を備える。
Turbid water in cesium removal apparatus of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, which has a filter body layered wrapped in permeable container of water, the risk of containing cesium suspended matter when swollen such river flows out A decontamination bag installed in a flow path, wherein the filter body includes non-adsorptive particles that are non-adsorptive to a suspended substance in water and can be dispersed, and a highly ordered mesoporous material. In addition, it is finer than the processing filter body containing portion for containing the filter body taken out from the decontamination bag , the washing water supply portion for supplying washing water to the filter body, and the non-adsorbing particles, A washing water unit having a regenerator net for holding a filter body having a mesh that is rougher than the suspended substance, and a sewage discharger for discharging washed water containing the suspended substance that has passed through the regenerating net. And comprising.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去方法は、放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質を含む濁水１０を、水中懸濁物質に対して非吸着性であると共に、離散可能な非吸着性粒子と、高秩序メソポーラス材料を含んで構成された濾過体（２２、４２）に供給する工程と、濾過体で濾過された処理水１４を排出する工程と、濾過体に洗浄水１６を供給して、濾過体に滞留する懸濁物質１２を洗浄する工程と、懸濁物質１２を含有する洗浄水から、懸濁物質１２を分離して懸濁物質に吸着された放射性セシウムを回収する工程とを有することを特徴とする。 The method for removing cesium in muddy water of the present invention is a method for removing turbid water 10 containing a suspended substance adsorbed with radioactive cesium, which is non-adsorbable with respect to the suspended substance in water, can be separated , and is highly ordered mesoporous. and supplying the filter element that is configured to include a material (22, 42), a step of discharging the treated water 14 that has been filtered by the filter body, by supplying washing water 16 in the filter body, retained in the filter body A step of washing the suspended substance 12 and a step of separating the suspended substance 12 from the washing water containing the suspended substance 12 and recovering radioactive cesium adsorbed on the suspended substance. To do.
本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置によれば、離散可能な非吸着性粒子によって構成された濾過体と、その濾過層構成粒子を洗浄し、当該粒子間に捕獲された懸濁物質を取り出すための構成要素を備えることにより、濁水中のセシウムを吸着した懸濁物質を水中から分離して、濁水中のセシウムを低減する。 According to the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention, a filter body constituted by non-adsorbable particles that can be separated, and the filtration layer constituting particles are washed, and suspended substances captured between the particles are taken out. By providing the constituent elements, the suspended matter that has adsorbed cesium in muddy water is separated from the water to reduce cesium in muddy water.
以下、図面を用いて本発明を説明する。
図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る濁水中セシウム除去装置の概略構成図である。図において、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置２０は、濾過体２２、濁水供給部２４、処理水排出部２６、濾過体収容部２８、処理側網部３０、洗浄水供給部３２、汚水排出部３４を備えている。
濁水１０は放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含むもので、例えば４０乃至４０００ベクレル／ｌ程度の放射性セシウムを含有するものであるが、放射性セシウムの含有量はこれに限定されない。放射性セシウムの吸着には、イオン吸着を含まない。処理水１４は、濁水中セシウム除去装置２０を用いて、濁水１０から放射性セシウムを除去したものである。洗浄水１６は濁水１０を処理した濾過体２２を洗浄するもので、放射性セシウムを薄く含んでいるものを繰り返し使用しても構わない。洗浄済み水１８には、高濃度で放射性物質であるセシウムが集まり減容化される。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a muddy water cesium removing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the turbid water cesium removing device 20 of the present invention includes a filter body 22, a turbid water supply section 24, a treated water discharge section 26, a filter body storage section 28, a treatment side network section 30, a washing water supply section 32, and a sewage discharge section. 34 is provided.
The turbid water 10 contains the suspended solid 12 adsorbed with radioactive cesium and contains, for example, about 40 to 4000 becquerel / l of radioactive cesium, but the content of radioactive cesium is not limited to this. The adsorption of radioactive cesium does not include ion adsorption. The treated water 14 is obtained by removing radioactive cesium from the muddy water 10 using the muddy water cesium removing device 20. The washing water 16 is for washing the filter body 22 treated with the turbid water 10, and the one containing a thin radioactive cesium may be used repeatedly. The washed water 18 collects cesium, which is a radioactive substance at a high concentration, and is reduced in volume.
濾過体２２は、離散可能な非吸着性粒子２１によって構成されるものである。非吸着性粒子２１は、例えばカレットを粉砕・分級して、その粒径を０．５ｍｍ以上１．０ｍｍ以下の物をいうが、粒径の範囲は０．５ｍｍ以上１０ｍｍ以下でもよい。カレットとは、ガラス製品（ソーダ石灰ガラス）をリサイクルする際に、いったん破砕した状態の「ガラス屑」のことである。非吸着性粒子２１は、水や放射性セシウムを吸着しないものであれば、ガラスの他、セラミックや金属、プラスチックでもよい。
なお、濾過体の離散可能な粒子とは、表面付着物を洗浄・離脱せしめる処理において表面を露出できる程度のものを意味しており、粒子をひも状物で連結したもの、洗浄可能な空隙を持つことのできる繊維状や膜状物質およびその積層物やこれらの組み合わせも含まれる。
The filter body 22 is constituted by non-adsorptive particles 21 that can be discrete. The non-adsorptive particles 21 are, for example, pulverized and classified cullet and have a particle size of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, but the particle size range may be 0.5 mm to 10 mm. The cullet is “glass waste” that is once crushed when recycling glass products (soda-lime glass). The non-adsorptive particles 21 may be glass, ceramic, metal, or plastic as long as they do not adsorb water or radioactive cesium.
The discrete particles of the filter mean that the surface can be exposed in the process of cleaning and releasing the surface deposits, and the particles are connected with a string, and the washable voids. Also included are fibrous and membranous materials, laminates thereof, and combinations thereof.
濁水供給部２４は、放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水１０を濾過体２２に供給するもので、例えば濁水を連続して供給する場合には配管が用いられるが、濁水をバッチ的に供給する場合にはバケツのような容器が用いられる。
処理水排出部２６は、濾過体２２で濾過された処理水１４を排出するもので、例えば排水槽１８に一端が接続された配管が用いられる。処理水排出部２６には、流路を閉塞する為のバルブが設けられていてもよい。
濾過体収容部２８は、濾過体２２を収容するもので、円筒形や箱状等の各種の固定形状の筐体や槽体、並びに用途によっては不定形の濾過袋が用いられる。
The turbid water supply unit 24 supplies the turbid water 10 containing the suspended substance 12 having adsorbed radioactive cesium to the filter body 22. For example, when turbid water is continuously supplied, a pipe is used. A container such as a bucket is used when supplying to the container.
The treated water discharge unit 26 discharges the treated water 14 filtered by the filter body 22, and for example, a pipe having one end connected to the drain tank 18 is used. The treated water discharge unit 26 may be provided with a valve for closing the flow path.
The filter body accommodating part 28 accommodates the filter body 22, and various fixed-shaped housings and tank bodies such as a cylindrical shape and a box shape, and an indefinite shape filter bag are used depending on applications.
処理側網部３０は、非吸着性粒子２１よりも細かく、懸濁物質１２よりも荒い網目を有するもので、濾過体を濾過体収容部２８内部に保持する為に用いる。網目の開き目として、例えば０．１ｍｍ以上０．５ｍｍ以下とする。０．１ｍｍ以下とすると、処理水１４に含まれる塵埃により開き目が閉塞して、処理側網部３０を頻繁に洗浄する必要が生ずる。０．５ｍｍ以上とすると、非吸着性粒子２１が処理側網部３０を通過するものが増えて、処理水１４に含まれる非吸着性粒子２１を濾過体収容部２８に戻す作業が増大する。 The processing-side net part 30 has a finer mesh than the non-adsorbing particles 21 and a coarser mesh than the suspended substance 12, and is used to hold the filter body inside the filter body accommodating part 28. The opening of the mesh is, for example, not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 0.5 mm. If it is 0.1 mm or less, the opening is closed by the dust contained in the treated water 14, and it becomes necessary to frequently clean the treatment-side net unit 30. If it is 0.5 mm or more, the number of non-adsorptive particles 21 passing through the treatment-side net part 30 increases, and the work of returning the non-adsorptive particles 21 contained in the treated water 14 to the filter body accommodating part 28 increases.
洗浄水供給部３２は、濾過体２２に洗浄水１６を供給するものである。洗浄水供給部３２は、濁水供給部２４からの濁水供給により処理側網部３０が目詰まりしたり、濾過体２２に懸濁物質１２が充分付着した場合に、濁水供給部２４に代えて動作する。
汚水排出部３４は、処理側網部３０を通過した懸濁物質１２を含む洗浄済み水１８を排出する。洗浄済み水１８には、放射性セシウムを高濃度で含有する物質が含まれるため、固液分離により固形分を分離する。この固形分には、放射性セシウムを高濃度で含有する。
なお、濁水供給部２４と処理水排出部２６は、濾過モードでは通水し、再生モードでは止水する関係で、例えば開閉弁が設けられる。また、洗浄水供給部３２と汚水排出部３４も、再生モードでは通水し、濾過モードでは止水する関係で、例えば開閉弁が設けられる。
The cleaning water supply unit 32 supplies the cleaning water 16 to the filter body 22. The washing water supply unit 32 operates in place of the muddy water supply unit 24 when the processing side network unit 30 is clogged by the muddy water supply from the muddy water supply unit 24 or when the suspended solid 12 is sufficiently adhered to the filter body 22. To do.
The sewage discharge unit 34 discharges the washed water 18 containing the suspended solids 12 that has passed through the processing side network unit 30. Since the washed water 18 contains a substance containing radioactive cesium at a high concentration, the solid content is separated by solid-liquid separation. This solid content contains radioactive cesium at a high concentration.
The muddy water supply unit 24 and the treated water discharge unit 26 are provided with, for example, an open / close valve in order to pass water in the filtration mode and stop water in the regeneration mode. In addition, the cleaning water supply unit 32 and the sewage discharge unit 34 are also provided with, for example, an on-off valve so as to pass water in the regeneration mode and stop water in the filtration mode.
このように構成された装置の動作を次に説明する。
本実施の形態の濁水中セシウム除去装置は、最初は濾過体２２を濾過モードで使用する。即ち、放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水１０を、離散可能な非吸着性粒子２１によって構成された濾過体２２に供給する。次に、濾過体２２で濾過された処理水１４を濁水中セシウム除去装置から排出する。これを濁水供給により処理側網部３０が目詰まりしたり、濾過体２２に懸濁物質１２が充分付着するまで繰り返す。
次に、濾過体２２の再生モードに移る。即ち、濾過体２２に洗浄水を供給して、濾過体２２に滞留する懸濁物質を洗浄する。次に、懸濁物質１２を含有する洗浄水から、懸濁物質１２を分離して懸濁物質１２に吸着された放射性セシウムを回収する。
Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described.
The muddy water cesium removing apparatus of the present embodiment first uses the filter body 22 in the filtration mode. That is, the turbid water 10 containing the suspended substance 12 that has adsorbed radioactive cesium is supplied to the filter body 22 constituted by discrete non-adsorbing particles 21. Next, the treated water 14 filtered by the filter body 22 is discharged from the muddy water cesium removing device. This process is repeated until the processing-side net 30 is clogged by the supply of muddy water or the suspended solid 12 is sufficiently adhered to the filter body 22.
Next, it moves to the regeneration mode of the filter body 22. That is, the washing water is supplied to the filter body 22 to wash the suspended substances remaining in the filter body 22. Next, the suspension material 12 is separated from the washing water containing the suspension material 12, and the radioactive cesium adsorbed on the suspension material 12 is recovered.
図２は、本発明の第２の実施の形態に係る濁水中セシウム除去装置の概略構成図である。図において、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置２０は、濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０と洗浄水ユニット６０とで構成される。
濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０は、濾過体４２、濁水供給部４４、処理水排出部４６、濾過体収容部４８、処理側網部５０、取出し開口部５２とで構成される。ここで、濾過体４２、濁水供給部４４、処理水排出部４６、濾過体収容部４８、処理側網部５０は、其々前述の濾過体２２、濁水供給部２４、処理水排出部２６、濾過体収容部２８、処理側網部３０と大略同様である。
即ち、濾過体４２は、離散可能な非吸着性粒子４１によって構成されている。非吸着性粒子４１は、前述の非吸着性粒子２１と同様である。濁水供給部４４は、濾過体４２に放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水を供給する。処理水排出部４６は、濾過体４２で濾過された処理水を排出する。濾過体収容部４８は、濾過体４２を収容するものである。処理側網部５０は、非吸着性粒子４１よりも細かい網目を有するもので、濾過体４２を濾過体収容部４８内部に保持する為に用いる。取出し開口部５２は、濾過体収容部４８から濾過体４２を出し入れするための開口部である。
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a muddy water cesium removing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the muddy water cesium removing apparatus 20 of the present invention is constituted by a muddy water cesium removing unit 40 and a washing water unit 60.
The muddy water cesium removal unit 40 includes a filter body 42, a muddy water supply unit 44, a treated water discharge unit 46, a filter body storage unit 48, a treatment side net unit 50, and a take-out opening 52. Here, the filter body 42, the muddy water supply unit 44, the treated water discharge unit 46, the filter body storage unit 48, and the treatment side network unit 50 are respectively the filter body 22, the muddy water supply unit 24, the treated water discharge unit 26, The filter body accommodating portion 28 and the processing side net portion 30 are substantially the same.
That is, the filter body 42 is composed of non-adsorptive particles 41 that can be discrete. The non-adsorbing particles 41 are the same as the non-adsorbing particles 21 described above. The turbid water supply unit 44 supplies turbid water containing the suspended substance 12 having adsorbed radioactive cesium to the filter body 42. The treated water discharge unit 46 discharges the treated water filtered by the filter body 42. The filter body accommodating portion 48 accommodates the filter body 42. The processing-side net part 50 has a finer mesh than the non-adsorbing particles 41 and is used to hold the filter body 42 inside the filter body accommodating part 48. The take-out opening 52 is an opening for taking in and out the filter body 42 from the filter body accommodating part 48.
洗浄水ユニット６０は、再生用濾過体収容部６２、洗浄水供給部６４、再生用網部６６、汚水排出部６８とで構成される。ここで、洗浄水供給部６４と汚水排出部６８は、其々前述の洗浄水供給部３２や汚水排出部３４と同様である。即ち、洗浄水供給部６４は、濾過体４２に洗浄水を供給し、汚水排出部６８は、再生用網部６６を通過した懸濁物質１２を含む洗浄済み水１８を排出する。
再生用濾過体収容部６２は、濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０の濾過体収容部４８から取出された濾過体４２を収容するものである。再生用網部６６は、非吸着性粒子４１よりも細かく、懸濁物質１２よりも荒い網目を有するもので、濾過体４２を再生用濾過体収容部６２内部に保持する為に用いる。
The washing water unit 60 includes a regeneration filter housing part 62, a washing water supply part 64, a regeneration net part 66, and a sewage discharge part 68. Here, the cleaning water supply unit 64 and the sewage discharge unit 68 are the same as the above-described cleaning water supply unit 32 and the sewage discharge unit 34, respectively. That is, the cleaning water supply unit 64 supplies the cleaning water to the filter body 42, and the sewage discharge unit 68 discharges the washed water 18 containing the suspended solids 12 that has passed through the regeneration net unit 66.
The regeneration filter housing part 62 houses the filter body 42 taken out from the filter body housing part 48 of the muddy water cesium removal unit 40. The regeneration mesh portion 66 is finer than the non-adsorbing particles 41 and has a coarser mesh than the suspended substance 12, and is used to hold the filter body 42 inside the regeneration filter housing portion 62.
このように構成された装置の動作を次に説明する。
本実施の形態の濁水中セシウム除去装置は、最初は濾過体４２を濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０に置いて濾過モードで使用する。即ち、放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水１０を、離散可能な非吸着性粒子４１によって構成された濾過体４２に供給する。次に、濾過体４２で濾過された処理水１４を濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０から排出する。これを濁水供給により処理側網部３０が目詰まりしたり、濾過体４２に懸濁物質１２が充分付着するまで繰り返す。
Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described.
In the muddy water cesium removing apparatus of the present embodiment, the filter body 42 is initially placed in the muddy water cesium removing unit 40 and used in the filtration mode. That is, the turbid water 10 containing the suspended solid 12 adsorbed with radioactive cesium is supplied to a filter body 42 constituted by non-adsorbable particles 41 that can be discrete. Next, the treated water 14 filtered by the filter body 42 is discharged from the muddy water cesium removing unit 40. This process is repeated until the processing-side net 30 is clogged by the supply of muddy water or the suspended solid 12 is sufficiently adhered to the filter body 42.
次に、濾過体４２を洗浄水ユニット６０に移して、再生モードに移る。即ち、使用済みの濾過体４２を濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０から洗浄水ユニット６０に移す。この際に、使用済みの濾過体４２の移動に伴って、濾過体４２の隙間に存在するゲル状の懸濁物質はチキソトロピーの性質を有するため、流動性を回復する。そこで、濾過体４２に洗浄水を供給して、濾過体４２に滞留する懸濁物質１２を洗浄する。次に、懸濁物質１２を含有する洗浄水から、懸濁物質１２を分離して懸濁物質１２に吸着された放射性セシウムを回収する。また、再生された濾過体４２は濁水中セシウム除去ユニット４０に戻すことで、循環使用ができる。 Next, the filter body 42 is moved to the washing water unit 60 and the regeneration mode is entered. That is, the used filter body 42 is moved from the muddy water cesium removing unit 40 to the washing water unit 60. At this time, along with the movement of the used filter body 42, the gel-like suspended matter present in the gaps of the filter body 42 has thixotropic properties, and thus recovers the fluidity. Therefore, washing water is supplied to the filter body 42 to wash the suspended substance 12 staying in the filter body 42. Next, the suspension material 12 is separated from the washing water containing the suspension material 12, and the radioactive cesium adsorbed on the suspension material 12 is recovered. The regenerated filter body 42 can be recycled by returning it to the muddy water cesium removal unit 40.
図３は、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置を除染発生水処理に適用する場合の概略構成図である。
非吸着性濾過材４１を用いた濾過体収容部４８としての濾過槽（可搬）と、当該濾過槽で使用した非吸着性濾過材のセシウム除去装置との組み合わせによる。まず、除染の洗浄で生じた懸濁水はその場でくみ上げ、非吸着性の濾過槽にいれて濾過し、それにより得られる処理水は非もしくは低汚染であるため洗浄に循環使用する。次に、使用後の濾過槽について、セシウム除去装置により非吸着性濾過材４２の間隙に捕獲された含セシウム懸濁物質を取り出す。このようにして、洗浄された濾過材は廃棄物になることなく、再度濾過槽に使用される。
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram in the case of applying the muddy water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention to the decontamination water treatment.
It is based on the combination of the filtration tank (portable) as the filter body accommodating part 48 using the non-adsorptive filter medium 41 and the cesium removal apparatus of the non-adsorptive filter medium used in the said filter tank. First, the suspended water generated by the decontamination washing is pumped up on the spot, filtered in a non-adsorbing filtration tank, and the treated water obtained thereby is non- or low-contaminated, and is recycled for washing. Next, with respect to the used filtration tank, the cesium-containing suspended matter captured in the gap between the non-adsorbing filter media 42 is taken out by the cesium removing device. In this way, the washed filter medium is used again in the filter tank without becoming waste.
図４は、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置を河川等の濁水処理に適用する場合の概略構成図である。
河川湖沼等の底部に堆積した含セシウム懸濁物質は増水などで流出する危険性がある。そこで、非吸着性濾過材を通水性の袋に詰めた「除染袋」を流出時の流路に置く。「除染袋」は、濾過体収容部４８に相当するもので、長期間その流路に静置し、増水などで懸濁物質の流出が懸念されたのちに回収する。回収された除染袋は本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置により非吸着性濾過材の間隙に捕獲された含セシウム懸濁物質を取り出す。
このようにして、洗浄された濾過材は廃棄物になることなく、再度除染袋に使用される。
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram when the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention is applied to muddy water treatment of rivers and the like.
Cesium-containing suspended matter deposited at the bottom of rivers and lakes may run out due to increased water. Therefore, a “decontamination bag” in which a non-adsorbent filter material is packed in a water-based bag is placed in the flow path at the outflow. The “decontamination bag” corresponds to the filter body container 48, and is left in the flow path for a long period of time, and is collected after there is a concern about the outflow of suspended solids due to water increase or the like. The collected decontamination bag takes out the cesium-containing suspended material captured in the gaps of the non-adsorbing filter medium by the muddy water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention.
In this way, the washed filter medium is used again in the decontamination bag without becoming waste.
図５は、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置を林野の除染補助に適用する場合の概略構成図である。
林野の除染は大量の立木、草木の存在、土地の起伏など立ち入って困難な場合が多い。しかし、天然の雨水などにより付着したセシウムが懸濁物質に吸着されながら徐々に流れていっている。
そこで、非吸着性濾過材４１を通水性の袋に詰めた「除染袋」を林野での水路や水たまりを形成しやすいところに置き、人工的なホットスポットを形成させ、そこから含セシウム懸濁物質を回収する。「除染袋」は、濾過体収容部４８に相当するもので、長期間人工ホットスポットに静置し、大雨などで懸濁物質の流出が懸念されたのちに回収する。そして、回収された除染袋は本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置により、非吸着性濾過材４１の間隙に捕獲された含セシウム懸濁物質を取り出す。そして、洗浄された濾過材は廃棄物になることなく、再度除染袋に使用される。
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram when the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention is applied to forest field decontamination assistance.
Decontamination of forests is often difficult due to the large number of standing trees, vegetation, and land undulations. However, cesium adhering to natural rainwater etc. is gradually flowing while adsorbed on the suspended matter.
Therefore, a “decontamination bag” in which a non-adsorbent filter material 41 is packed in a water-permeable bag is placed in a place where it is easy to form a waterway or a puddle in the forest, and an artificial hot spot is formed from which a cesium-containing suspension is formed. Collect turbid material. The “decontamination bag” corresponds to the filter body container 48 and is left in an artificial hot spot for a long period of time, and is collected after there is a concern about the outflow of suspended solids due to heavy rain. Then, the collected decontamination bag takes out the cesium-containing suspended matter captured in the gap between the non-adsorbing filter media 41 by the muddy water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention. The washed filter medium is used again in the decontamination bag without becoming waste.
図６は、本発明の第３の実施の形態に係る濁水中セシウム除去装置の概略構成図である。なお、図６において前記図１と同一作用をするものには同一符号を付して、説明を省略する。濾過体２２は、離散可能な非吸着性粒子２１に加えて、セシウムイオン吸着性粒子２３を有する。セシウムイオン吸着体２３は、水中セシウムイオン吸着能を持つ選択性吸着能物質を有するもので、好ましくは懸濁物質吸着能を持たないものがよい。例えばゼオライトなどの天然鉱物やプルシアンブルー、高秩序メソポーラス材料（ＨＯＭ: highly ordered meso-porous monolith）がある。ゼオライトはすでに使われているが、懸濁物質も吸着してしまうので、好ましくない。一方で高秩序メゾボーラス材料は懸濁物質に対して非吸着性であり、ゼオライトよりも好適である。
離散可能な非吸着性粒子２１は、懸濁物質吸着能を持たずかつ水中セシウムイオン吸着能を持たない完全非吸着性物質からなるものである。離散可能な非吸着性粒子２１とセシウムイオン吸着性粒子２３は、両者が洗浄後分別可能なように、形状やサイズに違いを持たせてあるとよい。また、セシウムイオン吸着性粒子２３は、選択性吸着能物質に帯磁可能な懸濁物質非吸着性であってセシウムイオン吸着物質を濾過粒子に用いるとよい。
この場合、セシウムイオン吸着体２３に用いられる選択性吸着能物質は、離散可能な非吸着性粒子に混合され、もしくは離散可能な非吸着性粒子の全てを構成するとよい。また、選択性吸着能物質は、濾過槽での補助フィルタ又は濾過層包装容器に組み込む形態でもよい。
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a muddy water cesium removing apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 6 that have the same functions as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. The filter body 22 has cesium ion adsorbing particles 23 in addition to the non-adsorbing particles 21 that can be discrete. The cesium ion adsorbent 23 has a selective adsorptive substance having an ability to adsorb cesium ions in water, and preferably has no ability to adsorb suspended substances. For example, natural minerals such as zeolite, Prussian blue, and highly ordered meso-porous monolith (HOM) are available. Zeolite is already used, but it is not preferable because it also adsorbs suspended solids. On the other hand, highly ordered mesobolus materials are non-adsorbing to suspended substances and are preferred over zeolites.
The non-adsorptive particles 21 that can be dispersed are made of a completely non-adsorptive substance that does not have the ability to adsorb suspended substances and does not have the ability to adsorb cesium ions in water. The non-adsorptive particles 21 and the cesium ion-adsorptive particles 23 that can be separated are preferably different in shape and size so that they can be separated after washing. Further, the cesium ion adsorbing particles 23 are non-adsorptive suspended substances that can be magnetized to the selective adsorbing substance, and the cesium ion adsorbing substance may be used as the filtering particles.
In this case, the selective adsorptive substance used for the cesium ion adsorbent 23 may be mixed with non-adsorbable particles that can be dispersed, or constitute all non-adsorbable particles that can be discrete. Further, the selective adsorptive substance may be incorporated in an auxiliary filter in a filtration tank or a filtration layer packaging container.
図７は、本発明の第４の実施の形態に係る濁水中セシウム除去装置の概略構成図である。なお、図７において前記図２と同一作用をするものには同一符号を付して、説明を省略する。濾過体４２は、離散可能な非吸着性粒子４１に加えて、セシウムイオン吸着性粒子４３を有する。セシウムイオン吸着性粒子４３は、上述のセシウムイオン吸着性粒子２３と同様である。 FIG. 7: is a schematic block diagram of the muddy water cesium removal apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. 7 that have the same functions as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The filter body 42 includes cesium ion adsorbing particles 43 in addition to the non-adsorbing particles 41 that can be discrete. The cesium ion adsorptive particles 43 are the same as the cesium ion adsorbent particles 23 described above.
濁水中セシウム除去装置として、濾過体収容部には径８０ｍｍ高さ２００ｍｍの先のすぼまった円筒形容器を用いた。濾過体収容部として、円筒形容器の下部に１．２ｍｍφの孔をあけた。続いて、濾過体がこぼれないようにティッシュペーパーでその孔の部分を覆った容器に、非吸着性濾過材として鉛ガラスカレットを粉砕・分級しそのサイズを５ｍｍ以下１ｍｍ以上としたもの１．５ｋｇを入れ、可搬性の濾過槽とした。この濾過槽に、土壌の洗浄により生じた４１Ｂｑ／Ｌ（リットル）の放射性セシウムを含む濁水１リットルを注ぎ、重力濾過を行った。
濾過後、処理水を採取しその放射線量を測定するとともに、濾過材を取出し濾過材の粒子径より小さい０．５ｍｍの篩上で洗浄し、濾過材付着物を洗い落とし、その洗浄水から沈殿物をフィルタで取出し、沈殿物の放射線量を測定した。
As a turbid water cesium removing device, a tapered cylindrical container having a diameter of 80 mm and a height of 200 mm was used for the filter body accommodating portion. A 1.2 mmφ hole was made in the lower part of the cylindrical container as a filter body accommodating part. Subsequently, lead glass cullet is crushed and classified as a non-adsorbent filter material in a container covered with a tissue paper so that the filter body does not spill, and the size is 5 mm or less and 1 mm or more 1.5 kg To make a portable filtration tank. To this filtration tank, 1 liter of muddy water containing 41 Bq / L (liter) of radioactive cesium generated by washing the soil was poured, and gravity filtration was performed.
After filtration, the treated water is collected and the radiation dose is measured. The filter medium is taken out, washed on a 0.5 mm screen smaller than the particle diameter of the filter medium, the filter medium adhering matter is washed away, and the precipitate is washed from the washed water. Was removed with a filter, and the radiation dose of the precipitate was measured.
また、同じ容器を用いて、非吸着性濾過材としての鉛ガラスカレットの粒子径を１ｍｍ以下０．５ｍｍ以上としたものに対しても同様の処理を行い、同様に粒子径より細かい０．１ｍｍの篩上で濾過材付着物を洗い落とした。 In addition, using the same container, the same treatment was performed on the lead glass cullet having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less and 0.5 mm or more as a non-adsorbing filter medium, and similarly 0.1 mm smaller than the particle diameter. Filter material deposits were washed off on the sieve.
表１は、カレットのサイズを５ｍｍ以下１ｍｍ以上とした場合の、濁水、処理水、並びに使用済みの濾過材の放射線量の測定結果である。濁水は１リットルを処理した。濾過後の処理水は透明であり、かつ、放射性物質は検出されなくなった。また、濾過材洗浄後に回収した懸濁物質は高い放射線量濃度であり、濾過原液である濁水中に含まれていたセシウムの９割以上を回収することができた。
表２は、カレットのサイズを１ｍｍ以下０．５ｍｍ以上とした場合の、濁水、処理水、並びに使用済みの濾過材の放射線量の測定結果である。濁水は２．９リットルを処理した。
図８は、本発明の第５の実施の形態に係る濁水中セシウム除去装置の概略構成図で、（Ａ）は全体構造と再生モード、（Ｂ）は濾過モードの場合を示してある。なお、図８において前記図１、図６と同一作用をするものには同一符号を付して、説明を省略する。
図において、濾過体収容部２８は、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２、円筒型筐体部２８４、フィルタ押し台２８６を備えている。下方開放型可変濾過体２８２は、濾過体２２やセシウムイオン吸着体２３を内部に収容するもので、濾過された処理水を処理水排出部２６側に透過させる構造を有している。下方開放型可変濾過体２８２は、ロート型の凸部に穴を有するもので、この凸部を底部とするすぼまった筒状もしくは蛇腹、ヒダなどを有している。下方開放型可変濾過体２８２は、このような形状によって表面積を増大させてあり、濾過体を一層又は多層積層した構造となっていると共に、表面が洗える形状となっている。円筒型筐体部２８４は、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２を囲うと共に、濁水中セシウム除去装置に流入する濁水や処理水を保持する管路として作用する。フィルタ押し台２８６は、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２の最下層の底部の孔の下方延長位置に配置されたもので、上下に移動可能となっている。
FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a muddy water cesium removing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, where (A) shows the overall structure and regeneration mode, and (B) shows the case of filtration mode. 8 that have the same functions as those in FIGS. 1 and 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
In the figure, the filter body accommodating portion 28 includes a lower open type variable filter body 282, a cylindrical housing portion 284, and a filter push base 286. The lower open type variable filter body 282 accommodates the filter body 22 and the cesium ion adsorbent body 23 therein, and has a structure that allows the filtered treated water to permeate the treated water discharge part 26 side. The lower open type variable filter body 282 has a hole in the funnel-shaped convex portion, and has a cylindrical shape, a bellows, a fold or the like with the convex portion as a bottom. The lower open-type variable filter body 282 has a surface area increased by such a shape, and has a structure in which filter bodies are laminated in one layer or multiple layers, and has a shape in which the surface can be washed. The cylindrical casing 284 surrounds the lower open variable filter body 282 and acts as a conduit for holding muddy water and treated water flowing into the muddy water cesium removing device. The filter pedestal 286 is arranged at a position extending downward from the hole in the bottom of the lowermost layer of the lower open type variable filter body 282, and is movable up and down.
ポンプ２５は、濁水供給部２４として作用するもので、処理水排出部２６が濾過体収容部２８の上側に位置している関係で、濁水を加圧して濾過体２２に送っている。処理水を排出する処理水排出部２６が、濁水を供給するポンプ２５よりも高い位置に設けられているため、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２で濾過される濁水の水流速度が均一になる。
洗浄懸濁物質貯め３６は、汚水排出部３４と接続されており、流入した汚水に対して固液分離をして洗浄懸濁物質３８として蓄える。
The pump 25 acts as the muddy water supply unit 24, and pressurizes muddy water and sends it to the filter body 22 because the treated water discharge unit 26 is located above the filter body housing unit 28. Since the treated water discharge unit 26 that discharges treated water is provided at a position higher than the pump 25 that supplies muddy water, the flow rate of muddy water filtered by the lower open variable filter 282 becomes uniform.
The washing suspended substance reservoir 36 is connected to the sewage discharge section 34 and separates the sewage that has flowed into the liquid and stores it as a washing suspended substance 38.
このように構成された装置の動作を次に説明する。
再生モード時には、フィルタ押し台２８６が下方に位置し、底部の穴が開口した状態で下方開放型可変濾過体２８２の上部より洗浄水を流している。すると、洗浄水によって、濾過体２２間の懸濁物質のつまりのみならず、個々の濾過体２２にとっては上側に位置する深層濾過沈殿物をも洗浄して、洗浄懸濁物質貯め３６に洗浄済み水を流し込むことができる。
濾過モード時には、フィルタ押し台２８６を下方開放型可変濾過体２８２底部の穴をふさぎながら上方に持ち上げることで、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２の筒状構造を押し縮めひだ状に織り込ませる構造となり、濾過体２２の層を処理水流に対してより多層の構造にして、濾過の効果をます。そこで、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２にあらかじめ折り目を付けておくことで、下方開放型可変濾過体２８２をより多層にする折り曲げを容易に行えるようにすることが好ましい。
Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described.
In the regeneration mode, the washing water is allowed to flow from the upper part of the lower open type variable filter body 282 with the filter pedestal 286 positioned below and the bottom hole opened. Then, not only the clogged suspended substances between the filter bodies 22 but also the depth filtration precipitates located on the upper side of the individual filter bodies 22 are washed with the washing water, and the washing suspended substance reservoir 36 has been washed. Water can be poured.
At the time of the filtration mode, the tubular structure of the lower open type variable filter body 282 is pushed and shrunk into a fold-like structure by lifting the filter pusher 286 upward while closing the hole at the bottom of the lower open type variable filter body 282. The layer of the filter body 22 is made into a multi-layer structure with respect to the treated water flow, and the effect of filtration is achieved. Therefore, it is preferable to fold the lower open type variable filter body 282 in advance so that the lower open type variable filter body 282 can be easily folded in multiple layers.
図９は、本発明の第６の実施の形態に係る濁水中セシウム除去装置の概略構成図で、（Ａ）は濾過モード、（Ｂ）は再生モードの場合を示してある。図において、本実施形態の濁水中セシウム除去装置２０は、第１槽ユニット７０と第２槽ユニット８０とで構成される。
第１槽ユニット７０は、濁水供給部７２、中間処理水排出部７４、第１槽筐体７６、第１槽開口部７７、中間処理側網部７８、懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９とで構成される。ここで、濁水供給部７２は、放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２を含む濁水１０を濾過体２２に供給するもので、濾過モードでは通水し、再生モードでは止水する関係で、例えば開閉弁が用いられる。中間処理水排出部７４は、中間処理側網部７８で中間処理された濁水を第２槽ユニット８０に送るための管路である。
FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a muddy water cesium removing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, where (A) shows a filtration mode and (B) shows a regeneration mode. In the figure, the muddy water cesium removing apparatus 20 of the present embodiment includes a first tank unit 70 and a second tank unit 80.
The first tank unit 70 includes a turbid water supply part 72, an intermediate treated water discharge part 74, a first tank casing 76, a first tank opening 77, an intermediate process side net part 78, and a suspended substance precipitation holding part 79. Is done. Here, the turbid water supply unit 72 supplies the turbid water 10 containing the suspended solids 12 adsorbed with radioactive cesium to the filter body 22. The turbid water supply unit 72 passes water in the filtration mode and stops in the regeneration mode. A valve is used. The intermediate treated water discharge unit 74 is a conduit for sending the muddy water subjected to the intermediate treatment by the intermediate treatment side net unit 78 to the second tank unit 80.
第１槽筐体７６は、第１槽ユニット７０の外形を形成する円筒形筐体である。第１槽開口部７７は、第１槽筐体７６の上側に設けられた開口部で、中間処理側網部７８や懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９を取り出すのに用いる。なお、第１槽開口部７７には、蓋を設けて濾過モードでは塞ぐことで、石や草木、塵埃が第１槽筐体７６に侵入するのを防止すると良い。
中間処理側網部７８は、濁水に含まれる粒径の大きな塵埃、石や草木を濁水から取り除くもので、放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質１２以外のものによって、第２槽ユニット８０が早めに閉塞することを防止する。懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９は、中間処理側網部７８を通過した中間処理水に含まれる塵埃のうちで、沈殿速度の速い粒子を沈殿させる。
The first tank casing 76 is a cylindrical casing that forms the outer shape of the first tank unit 70. The first tank opening 77 is an opening provided on the upper side of the first tank housing 76 and is used to take out the intermediate processing side net 78 and the suspended solid precipitation holding part 79. The first tank opening 77 may be provided with a lid and closed in the filtration mode to prevent stones, vegetation, and dust from entering the first tank casing 76.
The intermediate processing side net 78 removes dust, stones and vegetation having a large particle size contained in the muddy water from the muddy water, and the second tank unit 80 is accelerated by things other than the suspended matter 12 adsorbing radioactive cesium. Prevent blockage. The suspended substance precipitation holding unit 79 precipitates particles having a high precipitation rate among the dusts included in the intermediate treated water that has passed through the intermediate treatment side net unit 78.
第２槽ユニット８０は、第２槽筐体部８２、洗浄水供給部８４、中間処理水ポンプ８５、濾過体収容部８６、処理水排出部８８、汚水排出部９０、洗浄懸濁物質貯め９２とで構成される。第２槽筐体部８２は、第２槽ユニット８０の外形を形成する円筒形筐体である。洗浄水供給部８４は、第２槽筐体部８２に洗浄水を流すものである。中間処理水ポンプ８５は、中間処理側網部７８と懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９によって、沈殿速度の速い粒子を沈殿させた中間処理水を第２槽筐体部８２に送る。中間処理水ポンプ８５は、濾過モードでは通水し、再生モードでは止水する関係で、濾過モードでは順方向に運転し、再生モードでは運転を停止すると良い。なお、再生モードで第１槽ユニット７０に中間処理水を逆走する場合には、中間処理水ポンプ８５を逆方向に運転するとよい。 The second tank unit 80 includes a second tank housing part 82, a washing water supply part 84, an intermediate treatment water pump 85, a filter body storage part 86, a treatment water discharge part 88, a sewage discharge part 90, and a washing suspended substance reservoir 92. It consists of. The second tank casing 82 is a cylindrical casing that forms the outer shape of the second tank unit 80. The cleaning water supply unit 84 allows the cleaning water to flow through the second tank housing unit 82. The intermediate treatment water pump 85 sends the intermediate treatment water in which particles having a high precipitation rate are precipitated by the intermediate treatment side net part 78 and the suspended substance precipitation holding part 79 to the second tank housing part 82. The intermediate treated water pump 85 is preferably operated in the forward direction in the filtration mode and stopped in the regeneration mode because water flows in the filtration mode and stops in the regeneration mode. In addition, when reversely running the intermediate treated water to the first tank unit 70 in the regeneration mode, the intermediate treated water pump 85 may be operated in the reverse direction.
濾過体収容部８６は、濾過体や非吸着性粒子を収容するものである。濾過体収容部８６は、図８で示した下方開放型可変濾過体、円筒型筐体部、フィルタ押し台を備えたものでもよい。処理水排出部８８は、濾過体収容部８６で濾過された処理水を排出する。汚水排出部９０は、濾過体収容部８６を通過した懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する。洗浄懸濁物質貯め９２は、汚水排出部９０の洗浄済み水を固液分離した放射性セシウムを高濃度で含有する懸濁物質を蓄える。
なお、洗浄水供給部８４と汚水排出部９０も、再生モードでは通水し、濾過モードでは止水する関係で、例えば開閉弁が設けられる。
The filter body accommodating part 86 accommodates a filter body and non-adsorptive particles. The filter body accommodating portion 86 may include the lower open type variable filter body, the cylindrical housing portion, and the filter pedestal shown in FIG. The treated water discharge unit 88 discharges the treated water filtered by the filter body accommodating unit 86. The sewage discharge unit 90 discharges washed water containing suspended solids that have passed through the filter body storage unit 86. The cleaning suspended substance reservoir 92 stores a suspended substance containing a high concentration of radioactive cesium obtained by solid-liquid separation of the washed water from the sewage discharge unit 90.
Note that the cleaning water supply unit 84 and the sewage discharge unit 90 are also provided with, for example, an on-off valve in order to pass water in the regeneration mode and stop water in the filtration mode.
このように構成された装置の動作を次に説明する。
濾過モード時には、濁水は濁水供給部７２に吸引され、中間処理側網部７８をへて中間処理水排出部７４から出る経路で、第１槽ユニット７０の内部を通過する。第１槽ユニット７０での滞留によって、濁水に含まれる塵埃のうちで、沈殿速度の速い粒子を懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９に沈殿させて、第２槽ユニット８０に中間処理水を送る。
第２槽ユニット８０では、中間処理水が中間処理水ポンプ８５によって第２槽筐体部８２の内部に送られ、濾過体収容部８６をへて処理水排出部８８から処理水が排出される。また、濾過体収容部８６には中間処理水に含まれる放射性セシウムを高濃度で含有する懸濁物質が滞留する。
Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described.
In the filtration mode, turbid water is sucked into the turbid water supply unit 72 and passes through the first tank unit 70 through a route exiting the intermediate treatment water discharge unit 74 through the intermediate treatment side net unit 78. By staying in the first tank unit 70, among the dust contained in the turbid water, particles having a high sedimentation rate are precipitated in the suspended substance precipitation holding unit 79, and the intermediate treated water is sent to the second tank unit 80.
In the second tank unit 80, the intermediate treated water is sent into the second tank casing 82 by the intermediate treated water pump 85, and the treated water is discharged from the treated water discharge part 88 through the filter body accommodating part 86. . In addition, suspended matter containing a high concentration of radioactive cesium contained in the intermediate treated water stays in the filter body accommodating portion 86.
再生モード時には、洗浄水が洗浄水供給部８４をへて第２槽ユニット８０に供給される。すると、濾過モード時に濾過体収容部８６に滞留した放射性セシウムを高濃度で含有する懸濁物質を洗浄水が洗い流す。そして、懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水が汚水排出部９０を経由して洗浄懸濁物質貯め９２に送られる。
第１槽ユニット７０では、中間処理側網部７８と懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９を取り出して、中間処理側網部７８に堆積した塵埃や懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９に保持された懸濁物質を除去する。これによって、中間処理側網部７８と懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９を再生して、第１槽ユニット７０に戻して次の濾過モード時での使用に備える。この場合、中間処理水ポンプ８５を逆方向運転して、洗浄済み水を第１槽ユニット７０に逆送して、中間処理側網部７８と懸濁物質沈殿保持部７９の再生に供してもよい。
In the regeneration mode, the cleaning water is supplied to the second tank unit 80 through the cleaning water supply unit 84. Then, the washing water rinses away the suspended matter containing the radioactive cesium retained in the filter body accommodating portion 86 in the filtration mode at a high concentration. Then, the washed water containing the suspended substance is sent to the washed suspended substance reservoir 92 via the sewage discharge unit 90.
In the first tank unit 70, the intermediate processing side net 78 and the suspended substance precipitation holding part 79 are taken out, and the dust accumulated on the intermediate processing side net 78 and the suspended substance held in the suspended substance precipitation holding part 79 are extracted. Remove. As a result, the intermediate processing side net part 78 and the suspended solids precipitation holding part 79 are regenerated and returned to the first tank unit 70 for use in the next filtration mode. In this case, the intermediate treated water pump 85 is operated in the reverse direction, and the washed water is sent back to the first tank unit 70 to be used for the regeneration of the intermediate treatment side net portion 78 and the suspended matter precipitation holding portion 79. Good.
続いて、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置における濾過体の詳細な濾過機構を説明する。図１０は、本発明の濁水中セシウム除去装置における濾過体の詳細な濾過機構を説明する拡大断面図で、（Ａ）は表面濾過、（Ｂ）は深層濾過、（Ｃ）はケーク濾過の場合を示してある。
表面濾過は、サーフェス濾過ともいい、流体中の懸濁物質あるいは浮遊物質を主にフィルタの表面で捕捉する濾過機構である。
深層濾過は、デブス濾過ともいい、フィルタの表面だけでなく、フィルタの内部でも懸濁物質あるいは浮遊物質を捕捉する濾過機構である。
ケーク濾過は、フィルタ表面に堆積したケーク自身がフィルタとして作用する濾過機構である。
Then, the detailed filtration mechanism of the filter body in the muddy water cesium removal apparatus of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a detailed filtration mechanism of the filter body in the turbid water cesium removing apparatus of the present invention, where (A) is surface filtration, (B) is depth filtration, and (C) is cake filtration. Is shown.
Surface filtration is also called surface filtration and is a filtration mechanism that traps suspended or suspended substances in a fluid mainly on the surface of the filter.
The depth filtration is also referred to as depth filtration, and is a filtration mechanism that traps suspended or suspended substances not only on the surface of the filter but also inside the filter.
Cake filtration is a filtration mechanism in which the cake itself deposited on the filter surface acts as a filter.
なお、上記の実施の形態は本発明を例示するものに過ぎず、当業者において自明な範囲における各種の設計変更が含まれる。 The above-described embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and include various design changes within a range obvious to those skilled in the art.
本発明の濁水中の濁水中セシウム除去装置および方法は、原子力発電所の事故等により広範囲の地域が放射性セシウムに汚染された場合に発生する河川や湖沼の底部汚泥や、除染洗浄水などで発生する放射性セシウム吸着した懸濁物質を含む濁水処理に用いて好適である。 The turbid water cesium removal apparatus and method of the present invention is applicable to river and lake bottom sludge, decontamination washing water, etc. generated when a wide area is contaminated with radioactive cesium due to an accident at a nuclear power plant, etc. It is suitable for use in the treatment of turbid water containing suspended substances adsorbed by the generated radioactive cesium.
１０ 濁水
１２ 懸濁物質
１４ 処理水
１６ 洗浄水
１８ 洗浄済み水
２０ 濁水中セシウム除去装置
２１、４１ 非吸着性粒子
２２、４２ 濾過体
２３、４３ セシウムイオン吸着性粒子
２４、４４、７２ 濁水供給部
２６、４６、８８ 処理水排出部
２８、４８ 濾過体収容部（濾過槽）
３０、５０ 処理側網部
３２、６４、８４ 洗浄水供給部
３４、６８、９０ 汚水排出部
４０ 濁水中セシウム除去ユニット
５２ 取出し開口部
６０ 洗浄水ユニット
６２ 再生用濾過体収容部
６６ 再生用網部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Turbid water 12 Suspended substance 14 Treated water 16 Washed water 18 Washed water 20 Cesium removal device 21, 41 Non-adsorbent particles 22, 42 Filter body 23, 43 Cesium ion adsorbent particles 24, 44, 72 Turbid water supply section 26, 46, 88 Treated water discharge part 28, 48 Filter body accommodating part (filter tank)
30, 50 Treatment side net 32, 64, 84 Wash water supply 34, 68, 90 Waste water discharge 40 Muddy water cesium removal unit 52 Extraction opening 60 Wash water unit 62 Regeneration filter housing 66 Regeneration net
Claims (8)
前記濾過体に放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質を含む濁水を供給する濁水供給部と、
前記濾過体で濾過された処理水を排出する処理水排出部と、
前記濾過体を収容する濾過体収容部と、
前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かく、前記懸濁物質よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の処理側網部と、
前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部と、
前記処理側網部を通過した前記懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部と、
を備える濁水中セシウム除去装置。 Non-adsorptive particles that are non-adsorptive and dispersible with respect to suspended matter in water, and a filter body comprising a highly ordered mesoporous material ;
A muddy water supply unit for supplying muddy water containing suspended solids adsorbed radioactive cesium to the filter body;
A treated water discharger for discharging treated water filtered by the filter body;
A filter body housing portion for housing the filter body;
A processing-side net part for holding a filter body, which is finer than the non-adsorbing particles and has a coarser network than the suspended substance;
A washing water supply unit for supplying washing water to the filter body;
A sewage discharger that discharges washed water containing the suspended matter that has passed through the treatment-side net; and
A muddy water cesium removal device.
前記濾過体に放射性セシウムを吸着した懸濁物質を含む濁水を供給する濁水供給部と、
前記濾過体で濾過された処理水を排出する処理水排出部と、
前記濾過体を収容する濾過体収容部と、
前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かい網目を有する濾過体保持用の処理側網部と、
前記濾過体収容部から前記濾過体を出し入れするための取出し開口部と、
を有する濁水中セシウム除去ユニットと、
前記濾過体収容部から取出された前記濾過体を収容する処理用濾過体収容部と、
前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部と、
前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かく、前記懸濁物質よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の再生用網部と、
前記再生用網部を通過した前記懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部と、
を有する洗浄水ユニットと、
を備える濁水中セシウム除去装置。 Non-adsorptive particles that are non-adsorptive and dispersible with respect to suspended matter in water, and a filter body comprising a highly ordered mesoporous material ;
A muddy water supply unit for supplying muddy water containing suspended solids adsorbed radioactive cesium to the filter body;
A treated water discharger for discharging treated water filtered by the filter body;
A filter body housing portion for housing the filter body;
A processing-side network for holding a filter body having a finer mesh than the non-adsorbing particles;
A take-out opening for taking in and out the filter from the filter housing ;
A muddy water cesium removal unit having
A filter body for treatment containing the filter body taken out from the filter body storage part; and
A washing water supply unit for supplying washing water to the filter body;
A regenerating net for holding a filter body, which is finer than the non-adsorbing particles and has a coarser network than the suspended substance,
A sewage discharger that discharges washed water containing the suspended matter that has passed through the regenerating net; and
A washing water unit having
A muddy water cesium removal device.
前記濾過体で濾過された処理水を排出する工程と、
前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給して、前記濾過体に滞留する懸濁物質を洗浄する工程と、
前記懸濁物質を含有する洗浄水から、前記懸濁物質を分離して前記懸濁物質に吸着された放射性セシウムを回収する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする濁水中セシウム除去方法。 The turbid water containing the suspended substance adsorbed with radioactive cesium is supplied to a filter body comprising non-adsorbable particles that are non-adsorbable and dispersible in the suspended substance in water and a highly ordered mesoporous material. Process,
Discharging the treated water filtered by the filter body;
Supplying washing water to the filter body, and washing suspended substances remaining in the filter body;
Separating the suspended matter from the wash water containing the suspended matter and recovering radioactive cesium adsorbed on the suspended matter;
A method for removing cesium in muddy water, comprising:
前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かく、前記懸濁物質よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の処理側網部と、
前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部と、
前記処理側網部を通過した前記懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部と、
を備える濁水中セシウム除去装置。 A decontamination bag having a layered filter body wrapped in a water-permeable container and installed in a flow path where there is a risk of cesium-containing suspended solids flowing out when the water is increased in a river or the like, Comprises non-adsorbable particles that are non-adsorbable and dispersible in suspended matter in water , and highly ordered mesoporous materials,
A processing-side net part for holding a filter body, which is finer than the non-adsorbing particles and has a coarser network than the suspended substance;
A washing water supply unit for supplying washing water to the filter body;
A sewage discharger that discharges washed water containing the suspended matter that has passed through the treatment-side net; and
A muddy water cesium removal device.
前記除染袋から取出された前記濾過体を収容する処理用濾過体収容部と、
前記濾過体に洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給部と、
前記非吸着性粒子よりも細かく、前記懸濁物質よりも荒い網目を有する濾過体保持用の再生用網部と、
前記再生用網部を通過した前記懸濁物質を含む洗浄済み水を排出する汚水排出部と、
を有する洗浄水ユニットと、
を備える濁水中セシウム除去装置。
A decontamination bag having a layered filter body wrapped in a water-permeable container and installed in a flow path where there is a risk of cesium-containing suspended solids flowing out when the water is increased in a river or the like, Comprises non-adsorbable particles that are non-adsorbable and dispersible in suspended matter in water , and highly ordered mesoporous materials,
A treatment filter housing portion for housing the filter body taken out from the decontamination bag ;
A washing water supply unit for supplying washing water to the filter body;
A regenerating net for holding a filter body, which is finer than the non-adsorbing particles and has a coarser network than the suspended substance,
A sewage discharger that discharges washed water containing the suspended matter that has passed through the regenerating net; and
A washing water unit having
A muddy water cesium removal device.
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