JP6325385B2 - Method and apparatus for forming heterogeneous liquid region in liquid - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a foreign liquid region in a liquid, and more particularly, to a method and device for forming a region of a second liquid that is different from a first liquid.

  In construction (maintenance, renewal, etc.) of underwater structures and other constructions that require diving work (including inspection, investigation, environmental conservation, etc.) It may be required to create an area of liquid (eg, fresh water). For example, renewal work such as renewal of drainage facilities and performance improvement due to aging of dams (dams) requires diving work, but it is necessary for diving work due to the turbidity of muddy water in the dam lake. Therefore, it is required to form a clear water area (liquid areas with different turbidity) for securing the visibility in muddy water in order to progress the work. In addition, at the tip of shafts, etc., inspections and surveys are carried out using an underwater camera to check the finished shape. However, if the water at the tip is cloudy, it may take time to check the finished shape. Yes, it is required to form a clear water area in muddy water to secure the field of view necessary for underwater camera photography.

  Conventionally, in order to ensure visibility of muddy water in dam lake renewal work, etc., an enclosure is provided around the work area for divers, and a flocculant is introduced into the work area to precipitate muddy components. A method of increasing transparency (aggregation precipitation method) is employed. Also, in underwater construction where a breakwater, revetment, etc. are constructed using backhoes, bulldozers, etc. for underwater work, clear water is discharged from the vicinity of the cockpit of the underwater work machine toward the work attachment (arm tip) A method that secures visibility by attaching a water flow generator to an underwater work machine and removing turbid water existing between the cockpit of the underwater work machine and the work attachment with the clarified water discharged from the water flow generator. (Discharge method) has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-8-311920

  However, the above-described coagulation sedimentation method is to maintain a highly transparent fresh water area formed in muddy water, as the diver moves after increasing the transparency, the sediment is sprinkled and the water is resuspended. There are difficult problems. In addition, since it is necessary to provide an enclosure around the area (work area) that increases transparency, the surrounding enclosure must be moved or expanded together with the movement or expansion of the work area. There are also problems that are difficult to expand. It is conceivable to set a wider work area in advance, but if the work area becomes large, a large amount of flocculant is required, which increases costs, and a large amount of flocculant may affect aquatic organisms. It may not be applicable depending on the site due to concerns.

  On the other hand, in the above-described clear water discharge method, the clear water diffuses to the surroundings simply by discharging the clear water, and the surrounding turbid water is drawn into the vicinity of the cockpit of the underwater work equipment. There is a problem that it is difficult to stably maintain a high region. Patent Document 1 proposes to surround the water area between the cockpit of the underwater work machine and the work attachment with a pollution prevention shielding device in order to prevent the clear water from being contaminated by the surrounding muddy water. ing. However, if such a shielding device is used, it becomes difficult to move or expand the work area, as in the case of the above-described coagulation sedimentation method, and this may lead to a reduction in the efficiency of diving work. In order to improve the efficiency of diving work and improve the environment, it is possible to easily form an area of liquid (second liquid) with different properties such as fresh water in a liquid (first liquid) such as turbid water and stable. Development of technology that can be maintained in a sustainable manner is required.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus that can easily form a region of a foreign second liquid that is stably maintained in a specific first liquid.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in the method for forming a heterogeneous liquid region in a liquid according to the present invention, a top surface opening 11 having a predetermined diameter X1 is covered with a rectifying plate 12 in a first liquid M that requires diving work. The hollow box 10 is installed, and the first liquid M and the turbidity, temperature, color, or density are different from the first liquid M in the box 10 from the inlet 14 provided on the top surface or side surface of the box 10 toward the bottom surface 16. 2 The liquid F is continuously injected at the required flow rate Fr to overflow, and the flow resistance in the range where the rectifying plate 12 of the box top surface 11 is separated from the injection port 14 is larger than the flow resistance in the peripheral range of the injection port 14. and things, the box top to the first liquid M was discharged at a uniform flow rate S of the second liquid F for changing the flow direction in the bottom 16 of the box body 10 from the entire rectifying plate 12 of the box body top surface 11 the region C of the second liquid F extending pillar from the surface 11 to the normal direction of the current plate 12 is formed as a diving work area It become one.

Further, referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus in the liquid according to the present invention covers the top surface opening 11 having a predetermined diameter X1 with the rectifying plate 12 in the first liquid M that requires diving work. And the first liquid M and the turbidity, temperature, color, and the like from the inlet 14 into the box 10 . Alternatively, a supply device 2 for continuously injecting and overflowing the second liquid F having a different density at a required flow rate Fr is provided, and the flow resistance in a range where the rectifying plate 12 on the box top surface 11 is separated from the injection port 14 is provided. 14, the flow resistance of the second liquid F having the flow direction changed at the bottom surface 16 in the box 10 is discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 of the top surface 11 at a uniform flow velocity S. second liquid extending columnar from the box top surface 11 in the normal direction of the current plate 12 in 1 liquid M The region C is made by forming a diving work area.

In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1C, the flow resistance in the range where the rectifying plate 12 of the box top surface 11 is separated from the inlet 14 is larger than the flow resistance in the peripheral area of the inlet 14. By doing so , the flow resistance of the range 15b in which the second liquid F in which the flow direction is changed on the bottom surface 16 of the box is easy to go around can be made larger than the flow resistance in the range 15a where it is difficult to go around. Desirably, as shown in FIG. 4, the rectifying plate 12 on the box top surface 11 is formed by laminating a plurality of rectifying plates 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d having different flow resistances. More preferably, the required flow rate Fr of the second liquid F to be injected into the box body 10 is the Reynolds number of discharge from the rectifying plate 12 when the predetermined diameter X1 is a representative length (= flow velocity × representative length / kinematic viscosity). The coefficient is adjusted to be in the range of 6000 to 14000.

More preferably, as shown in FIG. 9, a liquid with an opening facing the box top surface 12 installed in the second liquid F discharged in a columnar shape from the box top surface 11 in the normal direction of the rectifying plate 12. The recovery device 20 and return pipes 22a and 22b for returning the second liquid F recovered from the opening of the liquid recovery device 20 to the supply device 2 are included. Desirably, a purification device 23 for purifying the second liquid F is included on the return pipes 22a and 22b. In another preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the first liquid M includes a liquid shielding film 25 with an overflow port 26 that defines the required size of the closed area Z. The inside of the closed area Z is filled with the second liquid F discharged from the box top surface 11 by installing the box body 10 described above to form a region C of the second liquid F. For example, it is possible to the first liquid M and turbid water, and Shimizu the second liquid Shimizu or flocculant is added.

The method and apparatus for forming a foreign liquid region in a liquid according to the present invention includes a hollow box 10 in which a top surface opening 11 having a predetermined diameter X1 is covered with a rectifying plate 12 in a first liquid M that requires diving work . The second liquid F having a turbidity, temperature, color, or density different from that of the first liquid M in the box body 10 from the inlet 14 provided on the top surface or side surface of the box body 10 toward the bottom surface 16 at the required flow rate Fr. It is assumed that the flow resistance in the range where the rectifying plate 12 on the top surface 11 of the box body is away from the injection port 14 is larger than the flow resistance in the peripheral region of the injection port 14 . The second liquid F whose direction of flow is changed at the bottom surface 16 is discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 on the top surface 11 of the box at a uniform flow rate S, whereby the rectifying plate 12 is discharged from the top surface 11 of the box into the first liquid M. because the region C of the second liquid F extending columnar normal direction to form a diving work area, Achieve the effect.

(A) The top fluid opening 11 having a relatively large diameter X1 of the box 10 is changed by causing the second fluid F injected from the inlet 14 having a relatively small diameter of the hollow box 10 to collide with the bottom surface 16 and changing the direction. Can be spread throughout.
(B) By covering the entire top surface opening 11 of the box 10 with the rectifying plate 12, the second fluid F dispersed throughout the opening 11 can be discharged at a uniform speed S.
(C) By discharging the second fluid F from the entire rectifying plate 12 of the box top surface 11 having the predetermined diameter X1 at a uniform flow rate S, mixing with the surrounding first liquid M is suppressed to be small. A region C of the second liquid F extending long in the normal direction and stably maintained can be formed.

(D) An enclosure may be provided around the area C of the second liquid F, but a stable area C of the second liquid F that is difficult to mix with the surrounding first liquid M without being enclosed is formed. Can do.
(E) By adjusting the installation position of the hollow box 10 and the direction of the rectifying plate 12, the shape and position of the region C of the second liquid F formed in the first liquid M can be easily adjusted.
(F) The second liquid formed in the first liquid M by enlarging / reducing the diameter X1 of the top opening 11 of the hollow box 10 or combining a plurality of hollow boxes 10 as necessary. It is also possible to easily expand the shape and size of the region C of F.
(G) Contributing to the efficiency improvement and environmental improvement of diving work by discharging fresh water or warm water as the second liquid F into muddy water or cold water requiring diving work to form a fresh water area or warm water area C. be able to.

Hereinafter, embodiments and examples for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
These are explanatory drawings of one Example of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus by this invention. These are explanatory drawings of other Examples of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus by this invention. These are explanatory drawings of other Example of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus by this invention. These are explanatory drawings of an example of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus using the several baffle plate from which flow resistance differs. These are explanatory drawings of the experiment which measured the relationship between the Reynolds number of the discharge | release of the 2nd liquid F discharged | emitted from the baffle plate of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus of FIG. 4, and the stability of the area | region C of the 2nd liquid F. These are explanatory drawings of the experiment which measured the flow velocity S of the 2nd liquid F discharged from the baffle plate of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus of FIG. These are explanatory drawings of an example of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus of this invention using the liquid shielding film with an overflow port. These are explanatory drawings of an example of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus of this invention which combined the imaging device. These are explanatory drawings of an example of the heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus of this invention using a liquid collection | recovery apparatus.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus of the present invention is applied to renewal work of a dam (dam) that requires diving work. For example, when renewal work on the water surface of a dam (dam), which is an underwater structure 1, is carried out by diving work, fresh water (second liquid) M is contained in muddy water (first liquid) M of the dam lake blocked by the dam body. Liquid (F) is injected to form a fresh water region (second liquid region) C having different turbidity along the water contact surface, and a necessary field of view is secured by performing a diving operation in the region C. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment of the same figure in which the region C of the second liquid F, which is heterogeneous in this case, is formed in the first liquid M which is turbid water in this case.

  However, the application range of the present invention is not limited to the case where the region C of the fresh water F is formed in the turbid water M. For example, when performing a diving operation in cold water, warm water (or warm water) is contained in the cold water M. When forming an area C of F to improve the working environment, or when marking an area C of different colored water F in a specific colored water M, salt water or sugar water F is injected into the fresh water M For example, the present invention can be widely applied to the case where the region C of the second liquid F having a different property is formed in the first liquid M having a specific property. Further, the first liquid M and the second liquid F are not limited to water. For example, one or both of the first liquid M and the second liquid F may be made of an appropriate chemical substance such as liquid oil (kerosene, silicon It is also possible to implement the present invention as other non-hydrophilic liquids such as oil.

  The heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus of the illustrated example is provided with a hollow box body 10 that is installed in turbid water M with a top surface opening 11 having a predetermined diameter X1 covered with a rectifying plate 12 and provided on the top surface of the box body 10 toward the bottom surface 16. And a supply device 2 for continuously injecting fresh water F into the box 10 from the inlet 14. The entire top surface of the hollow box 10 is open, and the entire top surface opening is covered with a current plate 12. The fresh water F injected into the box 10 from the supply device 2 can be procured from, for example, nearby groundwater or other springs as appropriate. However, as shown in the drawing, the water supply ship 2 having the purification device 6 mounted on the water surface is used. The turbid water M introduced through the floating and intake pipe 4 is purified by the purification device 6 and then used as the fresh water F. In the illustrated example, the supply device 2 mounted on the water supply ship 2 and the inlet 14 of the hollow box 10 installed in the muddy water M are connected by a water pipe 5, and fresh water F is supplied from the supply device 2 into the box 10. Injecting. Alternatively, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 9, the liquid recovery device 20 is installed in the fresh water F discharged from the top surface opening 11, and the second liquid F recovered by the liquid recovery device 20 is passed through the purification device 23. It is also possible to return to the supply device 2 for reuse.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (B), the fresh water F continuously injected from the relatively small-diameter inlet 14 of the hollow box 10 collides with the bottom surface 16 in the box 10 to change the flow direction and disperse. By doing so, the fresh water F can be spread over the entire top surface opening 11 having a relatively large diameter X1. In addition, by covering the entire top surface opening 11 with the rectifying plate 12, pressure is applied to the fresh water F dispersed throughout the top surface opening 11 so that the fresh water F is evenly distributed from the entire rectifying plate 12 in the normal direction. Can be discharged at a high speed S. In addition, the inlet 14 of the hollow box 10 can be provided at an appropriate portion where the fresh water F can collide with the bottom surface 16 and can be dispersed throughout the opening 11. (See the embodiment in FIG. 8B).

  As shown in FIG. 1 (A), the fresh water flow discharged from the rectifying plate 12 and the surrounding turbid water M are mixed by discharging the fresh water F from the entire rectifying plate 12 having a predetermined diameter X1 at an equal flow velocity S. It is possible to form a fresh water region C that is kept small and extends from the current plate 12 in the normal direction and is stably maintained. The flow rate of fresh water F discharged from the rectifying plate 12 does not necessarily have to be the same over the entire surface. As will be described later, even if there is some variation in the discharge velocity, the variation is within a range where the variation is recognized to be uniform (for example, rectification). If the minimum flow velocity in the plate 12 is in the range of about 50% of the maximum flow velocity), mixing with the surrounding turbid water M can be suppressed. As described above, in the present invention, the hollow box 10 has a relatively large diameter X1 of fresh water supplied from the relatively small diameter inlet 14 at a speed S that is recognized as being equal (a first diameter of the predetermined diameter X1). (Two liquid F tubular flow). In addition, it can be expected that the fresh water region C formed in the turbid water M is more stably maintained by using a non-hydrophilic liquid such as oil instead of the fresh water F.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1 (A), the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 of the hollow box 10 are directed vertically upward, and the fresh water region C extending above the box 10 by the fresh water flow discharged from the rectifying plate 12 is formed. Forming. By suppressing the mixing of the fresh water flow and the surrounding turbid water M to a small level, the formed fresh water region C can be stably maintained. The discharge direction of the fresh water flow can be appropriately changed according to the position and direction of the fresh water region C formed in the muddy water M. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the fresh water region C extending vertically downward of the box 10 can be formed with the top surface opening 11 and the current plate 12 directed vertically downward. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3B, it is also possible to form a fresh water region C extending horizontally from the box 10 with the top opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 oriented horizontally.

  In addition, when forming the fresh water area | region C extended upwards from the hollow box 10 like FIG. 1 (A), it is effective to make the density (or specific gravity) of the fresh water F the same or smaller than the surrounding turbid water M. Yes, for example, fresh water F having a higher water temperature than muddy water M can be used. When forming the fresh water region C extending downward from the hollow box 10 as shown in FIG. 3A, it is effective to make the density of the fresh water F the same as or larger than the surrounding turbid water M. For example, The fresh water F whose water temperature is low with respect to M (or the fresh water F made into salt water or sugar water with respect to the turbid water M of fresh water) can be used. Furthermore, when forming the fresh water area | region C extended in the horizontal direction from the hollow box 10 like FIG. 3 (B), it is effective to make the density of the fresh water F into the same grade as the surrounding turbid water M.

  Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 1A, the aperture X1 of the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 is about 1 m to 2 m, and a fresh water region C extending in a column shape with a diameter of 1 m to 2 m is formed vertically above the box 10. However, the predetermined aperture X1 of the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 can also be appropriately changed according to the shape and size of the fresh water region C formed in the muddy water M. For example, in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B), the predetermined aperture X1 of the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 is set to about 10 to 20 m, so that the muddy water M is vertically or horizontally with a diameter of 10 to 20 m. An extending fresh water region C can be formed. Alternatively, it is possible to adjust the diameter (size) of the fresh water region C formed in the turbid water M by arranging a plurality of hollow box bodies 15 arranged in a ring shape.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, a pair of hollow boxes 15 are installed in the turbid water M so that the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 face each other, and both the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate are arranged. By crossing the fresh water region C extending from 12 to the columnar shape, a stable fresh water region C extending relatively long can be formed. Alternatively, it is also possible to form the fresh water region C by combining the fresh water flow extending in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3 (A) and the fresh water flow extending in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 3 (B). . Furthermore, in the illustrated example, the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 are rectangular in cross section, but the cross sectional shapes of the top surface opening 11 and the rectifying plate 12 can be appropriately changed according to the shape of the fresh water region C to be formed. It can also be circular, elliptical, polygonal, etc.

  The rectifying plate 12 covering the top surface opening 11 of the hollow box 10 can be, for example, a punching plate (punching metal) having a required aperture ratio, a strainer having a required aperture ratio, or the like. The flow resistance (opening ratio) of the rectifying plate 12 can be designed such that the fresh water flow discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 has a speed S at which the flow is recognized as being uniform. Further, as shown in FIG. 1C, the flow on the rectifying plate 12 is divided into a range 15b where the fresh water F which has changed the direction of flow at the bottom surface 16 of the box is easy and a range 15a where the flow is difficult. The resistance can be made different. That is, the flow resistance is relatively small (the aperture ratio is relatively large) in the region 15a around the inlet 14 where the fresh water F is difficult to go around, and the flow resistance is reduced in the region 15b far from the inlet 14 where the fresh water F is easy to go around. By making it relatively large (the aperture ratio is relatively small), the fresh water F discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 can be set to the uniform speed S.

  FIG. 1 (C) shows a case where the inlet 14 is provided at the end of the top opening 11 of the hollow box 10, but the inlet 14 is the top of the hollow box 10 as shown in FIG. 2 (A). It is also possible to provide the central portion of the surface opening 11. In that case, for example, as shown in FIG. 2B, a region 15a having a relatively low flow resistance (region having a relatively high aperture ratio) 15a and a region having a relatively large flow resistance (comparison of the aperture ratios) Small region) 15b can be arranged concentrically around the inlet 14. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2C, a region 15a having a relatively low flow resistance (region having a relatively large aperture ratio) 15a is disposed on the rectifying plate 12 around the inlet 14, and the rectifying plates 12 on both sides thereof are arranged. It is also possible to arrange an area 15b having a relatively high flow resistance (area having a relatively small opening ratio) 15b on the upper side so that the fresh water F discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 has a uniform speed S.

  Desirably, as shown in FIG. 4, the rectifying plate 12 covering the top surface opening 11 of the box 10 is formed by laminating a plurality of rectifying plates 12 a to 12 d having different flow resistances. As described above, the rectifying plate 12 can be designed so that the fresh water F is discharged from the whole at a uniform speed S even if it is a single plate. However, by laminating the plurality of rectifying plates 12a to 12d, the whole is discharged. It can be expected that the speed S of the fresh water F is made more uniform. For example, after equalizing the speed of the whole fresh water F discharged by the lowermost rectifying plate 12a closest to the box bottom surface 15, the speed of the whole fresh water F is further equalized by the upper rectifying plates 12b, 12c and 12d. To do. In this case, the flow resistance of the rectifying plate 12a in the lowermost layer is maximized (the aperture ratio is minimized), and the flow resistance of the rectifying plates 12b, 12c, and 12d is gradually decreased as the upper layer is formed (the aperture ratio is gradually increased). ) Is effective.

  Furthermore, the discharge speed S of the fresh water F equalized by the current plate 12 (or the plurality of current plates 12a to 12d) can be adjusted by the required flow rate Fr of the fresh water F continuously injected into the box 10. it can. As described above, mixing the fresh water F with a uniform flow velocity S can suppress the mixing with the surrounding turbid water M, but the mixing ratio with the turbid water M increases as the distance from the rectifying plate 12 increases. It is inevitable that it will grow gradually. As will be described later, the inventor experimentally found that the mixing ratio of fresh water and muddy water M when separated from the rectifying plate 12 is different depending on the discharge speed S from the rectifying plate 12 (experiment described later). Example 2). Therefore, in order to maintain the fresh water region C in the turbid water M stably, the mixing ratio with the turbid water M is as small as possible even if the discharge is separated from the rectifying plate 12, for example by experiment or numerical value. It is effective to adjust the required flow rate Fr of the fresh water F injected into the box 10 by calculation.

  In addition, it is desirable that the fresh water F is continuously injected into the box 10 at the required flow rate Fr, and the fresh water F having an equal speed S is continuously discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 on the top surface of the box. Accordingly, it is also possible to inject fresh water F intermittently or to reduce the injection amount stepwise. For example, the high transparency of the fresh water region C can be maintained by continuously injecting the fresh water F. However, when the high transparency is not required, for example, the fresh water F is formed as necessary after the fresh water region C is formed. It is sufficient to form and form a fresh water region C to the extent that a desired field of view can be secured by intermittently injecting water or by gradually reducing the amount of injection. Moreover, there is also an advantage that the supply amount of the fresh water F necessary for forming the fresh water region C can be saved by intermittent injection of the fresh water F or a decrease in the injection amount.

[Experimental Example 1]
In order to confirm that the fresh water F can be discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 at an equal speed S by the heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus of the present invention, a hollow box whose top opening 11 is covered with the rectifying plate 12 as shown in FIG. An experiment was conducted with a prototype of the body 10. First, a box body whose entire top surface is opened with a rectangular cross section (predetermined diameter X1) of one side X1 = 935 mm is used, and the top surface opening 11 has different flow resistances as shown in FIGS. A hollow box 10 as shown in FIG. 4A was created by covering the four punching plates 12a to 12d with the laminated rectifying plates 12 stacked at a required mutual interval. As shown in FIG. 4 (B), the lowermost punching plate 12a is one having different flow resistance (opening ratio) in the range 15b where the fresh water F is easy to go around and the area 15a where the fresh water F is hard to go around. The aperture ratio was increased to about twice the aperture ratio of the region 15b. The upper punching plate 12b has a larger opening ratio than the region 15a, the upper punching plate 12c has a larger opening ratio than the punching plate 12b, and the uppermost punching plate 12d has a larger opening ratio than the punching plate 12c. did.

  Next, while changing the height (hollow part height) H1 from the bottom surface 16 of the hollow box body 10 to the lowermost punching plate 12a, the required flow rate Fr (for example, about 500 liters / minute) from the inlet 14 of the hollow box body 10 is changed. ), And fresh water F is discharged from the laminated rectifying plate 12 at seven measurement points P1 to P7 provided along the surface of the laminated rectifying plate 12 of the hollow box 10 as shown in FIG. The flow rate S of fresh water F was measured. The measurement points P1 to P7 are arranged on the same central axis passing through the inlet 14 on each rectifying plate 12, and the measurement points P1 to P5 are at an upper position overlapping the laminated rectifying plate 12 when viewed from above. Yes, the measurement points P6 and P7 are positions that do not overlap the laminated rectifying plate 12.

  When the hollow part height H1 of the hollow box 10 is not properly adjusted, the flow velocity S at the measurement point P5 becomes larger than the other measurement points P1 to P4, and the fresh water F discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 It was difficult to obtain a uniform flow rate S. On the other hand, by appropriately adjusting the hollow portion height H1, the flow velocity S at each of the measurement points P1 to P5 is within a range of about 50% of the maximum flow velocity of 15 mm / s, as shown in FIG. 6B. Thus, the flow rate of the fresh water F discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 can be set to a flow velocity S that is recognized as being substantially uniform. From this experimental result, according to the predetermined aperture X1 of the rectifying plate 12 covering the top end opening 11 of the hollow box 10, the flow resistance (opening ratio and distribution thereof) of the rectifying plate 12 and the hollow portion height H1 of the box 10 It was confirmed that the flow rate of fresh water F discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 can be made to have a substantially uniform flow velocity S by appropriately adjusting the flow rate.

[Experiment 2]
Next, using the hollow box 10 (predetermined diameter X1) of FIG. 4 in which the flow resistance (opening ratio and its distribution) and the height H1 of the hollow part are adjusted as described above, the fresh water F injected into the inlet 14 is supplied. While changing the flow rate Fr, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), the turbidity at the measurement height at each of the six measurement points Q1 to Q6 at different heights above the rectifying plate 12 (top surface opening 11). The ratio with the turbidity before discharge (turbidity of ambient turbid water) was measured. The measurement point Q1 is arranged vertically above the box 10 by the diameter X1 of the rectifying plate 12, and the measurement points Q2 to Q6 are arranged vertically above the box 10 by 2 to 6 times the diameter X1, respectively. The measurement results are shown in the graph of FIG. The graph of FIG. 5B shows the Reynolds number (= flow velocity × flow velocity) of the fresh water F discharged when the uniform flow velocity S of the fresh water F discharged from the entire rectifying plate 12 is the diameter X1 of the box 10 as a representative length. (Representative length / kinematic viscosity coefficient) When the Reynolds number of the fresh water F discharge changes according to the injection flow rate Fr of the fresh water F, how much the mixing ratio with the muddy water M progresses at each measurement point Q1 to Q6. In other words, it shows how much the stability of the fresh water flow is lost.

  In the graph of Reynolds number = 5000 in FIG. 5B, the turbidity at the measurement points Q4 to Q5 increases when the discharge flow rate of the fresh water F from the rectifying plate 12 is too small, and the mixing ratio with the surrounding turbid water M is large. It shows that it becomes. Further, the graph of Reynolds number = 16000 in FIG. 5B shows that the turbidity at the measurement points Q3 to Q5 increases even when the discharge flow rate of the fresh water F from the rectifying plate 12 is too large, and mixing with the surrounding turbid water M It shows that the ratio becomes large. On the other hand, in the graph of Reynolds number = 6000 to 14000 in FIG. 5B, the turbidity at the measurement points Q1 to Q6 is about 0.4 times or less of the surrounding turbid water, It shows that mixing with the turbid water M is kept small even if it is about 6 times away from X1. From this experimental result, in order to stably maintain the fresh water region C formed in the muddy water M, the flow rate Fr of the fresh water F injected into the box 10 is set to the diameter X1 of the box 10 as the representative length. It was confirmed that it was effective to adjust the Reynolds number of the fresh water F discharged from the current plate 12 (top opening 11) of the box 10 to be in the range of 6000 to 14000.

  Thus, it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention, which is “a method and an apparatus that can easily form a region of a foreign second liquid that is stably maintained in a specific first liquid”.

  The present invention has been described with reference to the illustrated example in which the region C of the fresh water (second liquid) F is formed in the turbid water (first liquid) M. For example, the diving operation is performed in cold water (first liquid). In some cases, by forming the region C of the hot water (second liquid) F in the cold water (first liquid) M according to the present invention, it can also be expected to contribute to the efficiency of diving work and the improvement of the environment. The second liquid F, which is different from the first liquid M, may be a liquid to which a chemical substance (for example, a turbid component flocculant) that changes the properties of the first liquid (for example, turbid water) M is added. . For example, by using fresh water F to which a flocculant is added as the second liquid F, the second liquid (fresh water) that increases by mixing with the first liquid (turbid water) M after being discharged into the first liquid (turbid water) M. It can be expected that the precipitation of turbid components in F is promoted, the transparency of the second liquid (fresh water) F after discharge is increased, or the transparency is maintained for a long time. Further, by adding a flocculant to the second liquid (fresh water) F having a uniform flow rate discharged with a relatively large diameter X1 as in the present invention, a relatively wide range of turbidity is achieved by a relatively small amount of flocculant. The effect of effectively precipitating the components can also be expected. Note that the present invention can be widely applied when the first liquid (turbid water, cold water, etc.) M is stagnant, such as a dam lake, etc. However, if the flow is reduced to some extent, The present invention can also be applied to the case where the region C of the second liquid (clear water, hot water, etc.) F is formed in a certain first liquid (turbid water, cold water, etc.) M.

  FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which fresh water (second liquid) F discharged into muddy water (first liquid) M is recovered and reused. In the method in which the fresh water F is continuously discharged from the hollow box 10 installed in the muddy water M as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to form the fresh water region C, how to ensure the fresh water F to be continuously supplied is secured. Can be a problem. The heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 (A) and 9 (B) includes the top of the box 10 in addition to the hollow box 10 and the supply device 2 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 (B), respectively. The liquid recovery apparatus 20 installed in the fresh water F discharged from the surface opening 11 and return pipes 22a and 22b for returning the fresh water F recovered by the liquid recovery apparatus 20 to the supply apparatus 2 are provided.

  The liquid recovery apparatus 20 in the illustrated example includes a hollow box body 21 having an aperture X1 that is approximately the same as that of the hollow box body 10 and the entire top surface being opened. The top opening of the box body 21 is the top of the hollow box body 10. It is arranged in the turbid water M so as to face the surface opening 11 and the current plate 12. As described above, since the region C of the fresh water F discharged from the rectifying plate 12 of the hollow box 10 is stably maintained, by arranging the recovery device 20 in the fresh water region C, Only fresh water F can be efficiently recovered from the top surface opening of the box 21 into the liquid recovery apparatus 20 while avoiding mixing. Further, one end of a return pipe 21a is connected to the liquid recovery apparatus 20, and the fresh water F recovered inside can be returned to the supply apparatus 2 via the return pipes 21a and 21b and circulated. Thus, by recovering and reusing the fresh water (second liquid) F discharged from the hollow box 10 into the muddy water (first liquid) M, the hollow box body saves the supply amount of the fresh water F. 10 and the liquid recovery apparatus 20 can form a fresh water region C stably maintained.

  Preferably, a purification device 23 for purifying the second liquid F is included on the return pipes 22a and 22b, and the second liquid F recovered by the liquid recovery device 20 is purified before returning to the supply device 2. As described above, by arranging the liquid recovery device 20 in the fresh water region C discharged from the rectifying plate 12 of the hollow box 10, the fresh water F can be efficiently recovered while avoiding mixing with the turbid water M. When the separation distance between the box 10 and the liquid recovery device 20 increases, it is unavoidable that the turbid water M is mixed into the recovered fresh water F, and the turbidity of the fresh water region C formed by circulation of the recovered fresh water F gradually increases. Can be increased. As shown in the figure, the fresh water F recovered by the recovery device 20 is purified by the purification device 23 and then returned to the supply device 2 and circulated, thereby forming between the hollow box 10 and the liquid recovery device 20. An increase in muddy water M in the fresh water region C can be prevented.

  7A and 7B show, for example, when the renewal work of the water surface of a dam (dam) which is the underwater structure 1 is performed by diving work, muddy water (first liquid) along the water surface of the dam body A book that defines a closed area Z of a required size surrounded by a liquid shielding film 25 with an overflow port 26 in M, and forms a region C of fresh water (second liquid F) inside the closed area Z Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown. The heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus of the illustrated example has a liquid shielding film 25 with an overflow port 26 that defines a closed area Z of a required size in addition to the hollow box 10 and the supply device 2 as shown in FIG. doing. The above-described hollow box 10 is installed inside the closed area Z, and the inside of the closed area Z is filled with the second liquid F discharged from the box top surface 11 to obtain a fresh water region C. In this embodiment, mixing of the surrounding turbid water M and the fresh water region C can be prevented by the liquid shielding film 25, and the hollow box 10 of this embodiment has an equal requirement that the mixing of the fresh water F with the turbid water M is small. It functions as a discharge device that supplies at a flow rate S.

  7 (A) and 7 (B), for example, the liquid-impervious film 25 is constructed by supporting and assembling a water-impregnated surface so as to surround a closed area Z necessary and sufficient for diving work provided along the surface of the dam dam body. The overflow plate 26 which is a water plate or a water-impervious film and allows water to pass from the inside to the outside is provided in a part thereof. If necessary, a check valve or the like may be provided at the overflow port 26. The hollow box 10 is installed inside the closed area Z surrounded by the liquid shielding film 25, and the box is supplied from the supply device 2 outside the liquid shielding film 25 through the water supply pipe 5 penetrating the liquid shielding film 25 in a watertight manner. Fresh water F is injected into the body 10. The supply device 2 can also be provided inside the liquid shielding film 25, and in that case, the water supply pipe 5 does not need to penetrate the liquid shielding film 25. By flowing fresh water F from the rectifying plate 12 of the top surface opening 11 of the hollow box 10 at an equal flow rate S, the inside of the closed area Z is gradually filled with the fresh water F while keeping mixing with the fresh water F small. By gradually extruding the muddy water M inside the area Z from the overflow port 26 to the outside of the liquid shielding film 25, the inside of the closed area Z can be set as the fresh water region C.

  7 (C) and 7 (D) are closed along the water contact surface of the dam dam body using a liquid shielding film 25 provided with an overflow port 26 at the upper end as in FIGS. 7 (A) and (B). The other Example which uses the inner side of the area Z as the fresh water area | region C is shown. In the illustrated example, the liquid shielding film 25 is configured such that the three side surfaces and the bottom surface of the closed area Z are closed with a water shielding plate or a water shielding film, and the top surface is opened to form a lidless area Z. The hollow box body 10 is installed at the inner bottom of the area Z, the water supply pipe 5 is inserted from the overflow port 26 on the upper end surface, and fresh water F is injected into the box body 10, and evenly from the current plate 12 of the hollow box body 10. The inside of the area Z is gradually filled with the fresh water F by the fresh water F discharged at a high flow rate S. The hollow box 10 of this embodiment also functions as a discharge device that mainly supplies the fresh water F at a uniform required flow rate S in which mixing with the turbid water M is small. Preferably, the density (or specific gravity) of the fresh water F to be injected is made larger than that of the turbid water M, and the low density (high temperature) turbid water is pushed out from the overflow port 26 at the upper end by the fresh water F injected into the bottom of the area Z. As a result, the inside of the area Z is gradually filled with fresh water F from the bottom. For example, the fresh water F can be cold water having a lower temperature than the turbid water M, or the fresh water F can be salt water or sugar water having a higher concentration than the water M.

  7A and 7B or FIGS. 7C and 7D, the property of the first liquid (for example, turbid water) M is changed as the second liquid F (for example, fresh water). A liquid to which a chemical substance (for example, a turbid component flocculant) is added can be used. By injecting fresh water F to which the flocculant is added inside the closed area Z, even when mixing with the surrounding turbid water M occurs, the turbid component in the fresh water F is precipitated by the flocculant, It can be expected to increase the inner transparency or maintain the transparency for a long time. In addition, the addition of a flocculant to fresh water F with a uniform flow rate discharged at a relatively large diameter X1 is expected to effectively precipitate a relatively wide range of turbid components with a relatively small amount of flocculant. it can.

  FIG. 8 shows a hollow box as shown in FIG. 1 in order to enable photographing while ensuring a necessary field of view in the muddy water M when confirming the shape of a tip of a shaft or the like with an underwater camera. 10 shows still another embodiment of the present invention in which 10 and an underwater camera 30 are combined. The heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus of the illustrated example is an underwater camera attached in contact with the outer surface of the rectifying plate 12 of the top surface opening 11 of the box 10 in addition to the hollow box 10 and the supply device 2 as shown in FIG. 30. Since the fresh water region C is formed by the second liquid F (fresh water F) discharged at an equal flow rate S on the outer surface of the current plate 12 on the top surface 11 of the box body, the fresh water region as shown in FIG. While installing the underwater camera 30 in C, and positioning the box 10 so that the outer surface of the fresh water area C is in contact with the confirmation target (photographing target) such as the completed mold, while ensuring the necessary field of view even in the muddy water M It becomes possible to shoot. Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, the top surface opening 11 of the hollow box body 10 is opposed to a confirmation target (photographing target) such as a finished mold, and the second liquid F (fresh water F) is transferred from the rectifying plate 12 to the target. The target can be photographed while ensuring the field of view of the underwater camera 30 attached to the outer surface of the rectifying plate 12 by discharging toward the outside.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Underwater structure 2 ... Supply apparatus 3 ... Water supply ship 4 ... Intake pipe 5 ... Water supply pipe 6 ... Purification apparatus 10 ... Hollow box 11 ... Top surface opening 12, 12a-12d ... Rectification plate 14 ... Inlet 15a, 15b ... A range 16 of the predetermined flow resistance on the current plate ... Bottom surface 20 ... Liquid recovery device 21 ... Hollow box 22 ... Return pipe 23 ... Purification device 25 ... Impermeable film 26 ... Overflow port 30 ... Underwater camera 31 ... Cable C ... Heterogeneous liquid region (second liquid region) E ... Water bottom F ... Heterogeneous liquid (second liquid) Fr ... Required flow rate H1 ... Hollow portion height M ... Specific liquid (first liquid)
S ... Flow velocity X1 ... Top opening diameter Z ... Closed area

Claims (14)

A hollow box body in which the top opening of a predetermined diameter is covered with a baffle plate is installed in the first liquid that requires diving work, and the inside of the box is opened from the inlet provided on the top surface or side surface of the box body toward the bottom surface. A second liquid having a turbidity, temperature, color, or density different from that of the first liquid is continuously injected at a required flow rate to overflow, and the flow resistance in the range away from the inlet is the rectifying plate on the top surface of the box. There was a greater than the flow resistance of the inlet peripheral range, the first liquid and discharged with equal flow rate of the second liquid having different flow direction at the bottom of the box body through the entire rectifying plate of the box top surface A method for forming a heterogeneous liquid region in a liquid, comprising forming a second liquid region extending in a columnar shape from the top surface of the box body in the normal direction of the current plate as a diving work area . The method of claim 1 , wherein the rectifying plate on the top surface of the box is formed by laminating a plurality of rectifying plates having different flow resistances. 3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the required flow rate of the second liquid to be injected into the box is the Reynolds number of discharge from the flow straightening plate when the predetermined diameter is a representative length (= flow velocity × representative length / A method for forming a heterogeneous liquid region in a liquid that is adjusted so that the kinematic viscosity coefficient is in a range of 6000 to 14000. 4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a liquid recovery apparatus with an opening facing the top surface of the box body is provided in the second liquid discharged in a columnar shape from the top surface of the box body in the normal direction of the rectifying plate. A method for forming a heterogeneous liquid region in a liquid, wherein the second liquid recovered from the opening of the liquid recovery device is returned to the inlet of the box. 5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the second liquid recovered by the liquid recovery apparatus is purified before being returned to the inlet of the box. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a closed area of a required size is defined in the first liquid by a liquid shielding film with an overflow port, and the box is installed inside the closed area. A method for forming a heterogeneous liquid region in a liquid that fills the inside of a closed area with a second liquid discharged from the top surface of the box and forms a second liquid region. In any of the methods of claims 1 6, wherein the first liquid and turbid water, heterogeneous liquid region forming method in the liquid comprising a Shimizu said second liquid Shimizu or flocculant is added. A hollow box body in which a top opening having a predetermined diameter is covered with a baffle plate in a first liquid that requires diving work, an injection port provided on the top surface or side surface of the box body toward the bottom surface, and the note turbidity first liquid in the box body from the inlet, temperature, color, or the second liquid with different densities continuously injected to a required flow rate with a feed device for abundance, the current plate of the box body top surface Note It is assumed that the flow resistance in the range away from the inlet is greater than the flow resistance in the range around the inlet, and the second liquid whose direction of flow is changed at the bottom surface of the box body is supplied to the uniform flow velocity from the entire baffle plate on the top surface of the box body. The heterogeneous liquid region forming device in the liquid is formed by forming a second liquid region in the first liquid that extends in a columnar shape from the top surface of the box body in the normal direction of the current plate in the first liquid. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the rectifying plate on the top surface of the box is formed by stacking a plurality of rectifying plates having different flow resistances. The apparatus according to claim 8 or 9 , wherein a required flow rate of the second liquid to be injected into the box is a Reynolds number of discharge from the rectifying plate when the predetermined diameter is a representative length (= flow velocity x representative length / An apparatus for forming a heterogeneous liquid region in a liquid which is adjusted so that the kinematic viscosity coefficient is in a range of 6000 to 14000. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the liquid is recovered with an opening facing the top surface of the box installed in the second liquid discharged in a columnar shape from the top surface of the box in the normal direction of the current plate. An apparatus for forming a foreign liquid region in a liquid, comprising: a device; and a return pipe for returning the second liquid recovered from the opening of the liquid recovery device to the supply device. 12. The apparatus for forming a foreign liquid region in a liquid according to claim 11 , further comprising a purification device for purifying the second liquid on the return pipe. The apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10 , wherein the first liquid includes a liquid shielding film with an overflow port that defines a closed area of a required size, and the box is installed inside the closed area. The heterogeneous liquid area | region formation apparatus in the liquid which fills the inner side of a closed area with the 2nd liquid discharged from the said box top surface, and becomes a 2nd liquid area | region. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 13, wherein the first liquid and turbid water, heterogeneous liquid region forming apparatus in a liquid comprising a Shimizu said second liquid Shimizu or flocculant is added.