JP6321762B1 - Power transmission management apparatus and power transmission method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus capable of stably performing power transmission between a power storage device mounted on each of a plurality of transportation devices and an external power system without requiring complicated control. A power transmission management device includes a function of executing a first control process for controlling power transmission to and from a power system in accordance with power system request information, and a battery for each of a plurality of transport devices. 2nd control which controls the electric power transmission between the condensers 12 so that the variation degree may be reduced prior to the first control process when the mutual variation degree of the charging rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. And a function of executing processing. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for performing power transmission between a power storage device provided in a transport device such as a vehicle and an electric power system.

  Conventionally, for example, as seen in Patent Document 1, it is possible to prevent the power storage amount of each battery of a plurality of vehicles from being left for a long time in an excessively small state or in an excessively large state (as a result, In order to prevent early deterioration of the storage battery), a power storage device having a small power storage amount is transmitted by transmitting power from a vehicle having a large power storage amount to a vehicle having a small power storage amount among a plurality of vehicles. A technology for charging the battery has been proposed.

Japanese Patent No. 5440158

  A capacitor mounted on a transportation device such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle has a relatively large capacity. Therefore, for example, it is conceivable to construct a system that uses the power collected from the storage devices of a plurality of transport devices as the power sold to the power system (transmission network) and gives the power selling price to the user of each transport device. .

  In such a system, the technique found in Patent Document 1 can be applied. However, the technology found in Patent Document 1 is merely a method for performing power transmission between capacitors of a plurality of transport devices (vehicles), and power transmission between these capacitors and an external power system; No consideration is given to the relationship between the power transmission between the capacitors or the relationship between the power transmission and the value.

  For this reason, it is easy to generate | occur | produce the situation where the electrical storage amount of the electrical storage device of each transport apparatus in the time zone which should transmit electric power between electric power systems is various various electrical storage amounts between several transport apparatuses. . In such a case, it is difficult to stably transmit the necessary amount of power between the entire plurality of capacitors and the power system, and the control of the charge / discharge amount for each capacitor is complicated. It is easy to become. In addition, the fairness of consideration for users of a plurality of transportation devices is likely to be impaired, or the consideration is likely to be insufficient.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and does not require complicated control of power transmission between a power storage device mounted on each of a plurality of transportation devices such as an electric vehicle and an external power system. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method that can be stably performed.

  Furthermore, it aims at providing the apparatus from which the user of each transport apparatus can acquire appropriate consideration with respect to charging / discharging of the electrical storage apparatus of this transport apparatus.

The power transmission management device of the present invention includes a first connection part to which a capacitor mounted in each of a plurality of transportation devices is electrically connected,
A second connection portion that is capable of transmitting power to and from the first connection portion and is electrically connected to an external power system;
With each capacitor of the plurality of transport devices connected to the first connection portion, power transmission between the first connection portion and the second connection portion, and each capacitor of the plurality of transport devices A control unit capable of executing control processing related to power transmission between each other,
The controller is
While having a function of acquiring charging state information indicating a charging rate of each storage device of the plurality of transport devices, and power system request information indicating a request for input / output of power in the power system,
A function of executing a first control process for controlling power transmission between the first connection unit and the second connection unit according to the power system request information;
When it is determined based on the state of charge information that the degree of mutual variation of the charging rate of each of the plurality of transport devices is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the variation precedes the first control process. A function of executing a second control process for controlling power transmission between the respective capacitors of the two or more transport devices among the plurality of transport devices so as to reduce the degree. (First invention).

  In the present invention, an arbitrary object A (or equipment A) is “electrically connected” to another object B (or equipment B). Is in a state where an electric circuit can be transmitted (a state where an electric circuit between A and B is formed). In this case, the “electrical connection” between A and B is not limited to a connection mode by contact between conductors, but a mode in which power transmission between A and B is performed in a non-contact manner (via electromagnetic energy). It may be a connection.

  According to the first invention, when it is determined based on the state of charge information that the degree of mutual variation in the charging rate of each of the plurality of transport devices is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, that is, the variation When the degree is large, the second control process is executed prior to the first control process.

  By this second control process, the degree of mutual variation in the charging rate of the battery is reduced. As a result, the charging rates of the respective capacitors are almost the same or close to each other, and the capacitors having excessively high storage rates have the excessive state eliminated as much as possible, and the storage rates are too low. In this case, the excessive state can be eliminated as much as possible.

  As described above, the first control process is executed in a state where the degree of mutual variation of the charging rates of the respective capacitors of the plurality of transport devices is reduced. In other words, power transmission is performed between the first connection portion to which the respective capacitors of the plurality of transport devices are electrically connected and the second connection portion to which the external power system is electrically connected. As a result, electric power transmission is performed between each electric storage device of a plurality of transportation devices and the electric power system via the electric power transmission management device of the present invention.

  In this case, because the degree of variation is reduced, all or most of the plurality of transport devices can transmit power to and from the power system via the power transmission management device of the present invention. As a result, the amount of power transmitted to and from the power system can be secured stably. Moreover, charge / discharge of each capacitor can be controlled in the same manner.

  Therefore, according to the power transmission management device of the first aspect of the present invention, power transmission between the power storage device mounted on each of the plurality of transport devices and the external power system is stably performed without requiring complicated control. It becomes possible.

  In addition, the second control process can eliminate the excessive state or the understate of the storage rate of the storage battery, so that each storage battery is prevented from being left for a long time with the storage rate of the excessive state or the understate. As a result, the progress of deterioration of each capacitor can be suppressed.

  In the first invention, when the control unit executes the first control process, the charging rate indicated by the charge state information is less than a predetermined first threshold among the capacitors of each of the plurality of transport devices. It is preferable that the first control process is performed in such a manner that the low capacitor is not discharged (second invention).

  According to this, after the execution of the second control process, discharging of the battery having a small charging rate (lower than the first threshold value) is prohibited by the first control process, so that the battery is overdischarged. Can be prevented. As a result, the progress of deterioration of the battery can be suppressed. In addition, since the charging rate of the battery is ensured (it does not become a low charging rate), the movable distance of the transport device can be ensured. Therefore, the convenience of the user of the transport device can be enhanced.

  Moreover, in the said 1st invention and 2nd invention, when the said control part performs the said 1st control process, the charge rate shown by the said charge condition information is predetermined among each electrical storage device of these several transport equipment. It is preferable that the first control process is performed in such a manner as not to charge the capacitor higher than the second threshold value (third invention).

  According to this, after the execution of the second control process, charging of the capacitor having a large charging rate (higher than the second threshold value) is prohibited by the first control process, so that the capacitor is overcharged. Can be prevented. As a result, the progress of deterioration of the battery can be suppressed.

  In the present invention, since the second control process is executed before the execution of the first control process, the charging rate of any one of the capacitors is lower than the first threshold value when the first control process is executed. There is a low possibility that a situation in which a situation is present or a situation in which the situation is higher than the second threshold will occur. Therefore, it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of electric power to be transmitted to and from the electric power system by using the entire storage devices of the plurality of transportation devices.

  In the first to third aspects of the invention, when the control unit executes the second control process, the control unit transmits a discharge command to a transport device that discharges the capacitor among the two or more transport devices, It may be configured to have a function of transmitting a charging command to a transporting device that performs charging (fourth invention).

  According to this, it becomes possible to control the discharging or charging of the battery according to the discharging command or the charging command for each transport device.

  In the first to fourth inventions, when the control unit executes the second control process, a capacitor having the maximum charging rate among the charging rates of the respective capacitors of the plurality of transport devices is mounted. The two or more transport devices are configured to be selected so that the transport device and the transport device equipped with the battery having the minimum charging rate are preferentially included in the two or more transport devices. It is preferable (5th invention).

  According to this, in the second control process, it is possible to discharge the capacitor having the maximum charging rate and charge the capacitor having the minimum charging rate among the respective capacitors of the plurality of transport devices. As a result, the effect of reducing the variation degree can be enhanced.

  In addition, the second control process makes it easy to align the charge rates of the respective capacitors to a medium charge rate. As a result, the effect of suppressing the progress of deterioration of each capacitor can be enhanced, and each capacitor can be utilized to the maximum extent as a capacitor for performing power transmission with the power system in the first control process. .

  As a result, the price that can be acquired by the user of each transportation device can be increased as much as possible by the power transmission between the storage device of each transportation device and the power system.

  In the first to fifth aspects of the invention, when the control unit executes the second control process, the control unit charges the battery more than the number of transport devices that discharge the battery among the two or more transport devices. It is preferable that the two or more transport devices are selected so that the number of transport devices to be performed is larger (sixth invention).

  According to this, the charge rate (charge amount per unit time) of the battery that is charged in the second control process can be made as small as possible. Here, in general, when the battery is charged at a high rate, the deterioration tends to occur. On the other hand, according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the battery that is charged in the second control process can be charged at a low rate, the progress of deterioration of the battery can be suppressed.

  In the above first to sixth inventions, the apparatus further includes a recording unit that cumulatively records the value of each of the plurality of transport devices for discharging or charging the storage battery for each transport device, and the control unit includes Of the plurality of transport devices, it is preferable to further have a function of increasing the value corresponding to each transport device that has been charged or discharged by the first control process (seventh invention). ).

  This increases the value corresponding to each transport device that has charged or discharged the capacitor by the first control process. Thereby, the user of each transportation apparatus can acquire the value by charging or discharging the battery by the first control process.

  Here, since the power transmission management device of the present invention can stably perform power transmission to and from the power system, the operator of the power transmission management device can stably ensure profits. As a result, it becomes possible to appropriately distribute the price to each user of the plurality of transport devices.

  In the seventh aspect of the invention, the control unit is configured to further have a function of increasing the value corresponding to each transport device that has discharged the capacitor by the second control process among the plurality of transport devices. It is preferable (8th invention).

  According to this, the user of each transport apparatus which discharged the battery by the second control process can acquire further consideration.

  In the eighth aspect of the invention, the control unit further includes a function of reducing the value corresponding to each transport device that has been charged a capacitor by the second control process among the plurality of transport devices. (9th invention).

  According to this, all or a part of the consideration for the user of each transport device that has discharged the capacitor by the second control process is borne to the user of each transport device that has charged the capacitor by the second control process. It becomes possible to make it. For this reason, the operator of the power transmission management device can eliminate or reduce the cost burden in the second control process.

  In the eighth invention or the ninth invention, the controller controls the increase in the value per unit discharge amount corresponding to each transport device that has discharged the battery by the second control process. It can be configured to be larger than the increase in value per unit discharge amount for each transport device that has discharged the battery by the processing (the tenth invention).

  According to this, the user of each transport device that discharges the battery by the second control process can obtain a lot of consideration. Therefore, the cost advantage of discharging the battery by the second control process is increased. As a result, each user of many transportation equipments will actively execute the electrical connection of the storage device's power storage device to the power transmission management device of the present invention. As a result, the profit that the operator of the power transmission management apparatus can obtain from the power transmission to the power system is further increased, and the consideration that each user can acquire is further increased.

Further, the power transmission method of the present invention is a power transmission method in a power transmission management device in which a storage device mounted on each of a plurality of transportation devices and an external power system are electrically connected,
A first step of performing power transmission between a storage device of one or more transport devices of the plurality of transport devices and the power system in response to a request for input / output of power in the power system;
When the mutual variation degree of the charging rate of each of the storage devices of the plurality of transportation devices is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, prior to the first step, the plurality of transportation devices are configured to reduce the variation degree. And a second step of performing power transmission between the capacitors of each of the two or more transport devices (11th invention).

  According to this, the same effect as the first invention can be obtained.

The figure which shows the whole structure of the system containing the electric power transmission management apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. The block diagram which shows the structure regarding the electric power transmission between an electric power transmission management apparatus and a vehicle. 3A and 3B are graphs for explaining power transmission between the power transmission management device and the power system. The flowchart which shows an electric power transmission management apparatus and vehicle control processing (SOC dispersion | variation reduction processing). The flowchart which shows an electric power transmission management apparatus and vehicle control processing (SOC dispersion | variation reduction processing). The figure which illustrates the change of the charging rate of the electrical storage device of a some vehicle by SOC variation reduction process. Explanatory drawing regarding the consideration which the user of each vehicle acquires in an Example. Explanatory drawing regarding the consideration which the user of each vehicle acquires in a comparative example.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. Referring to FIG. 1, the overall system described in the present embodiment is an example of a so-called V2G system (V2G: Vehicle to Grid), and includes a power transmission management device 1 and a plurality of vehicles 10 and 10 serving as transportation equipment. ,..., A power generation facility 20, and a power system 30.

  The power generation facility 20 includes, for example, facilities such as wind power generation, solar power generation, thermal power generation, and nuclear power generation. The power generation facility 20 is electrically connected to the connection portion 1 c of the power transmission management device 1 so that power can be supplied to the power transmission management device 1.

  In the description of this embodiment, an arbitrary object A (or equipment A) is “electrically connected” to another object B (or equipment B) between A and B. It means that it is in a state where power can be transmitted at any time (a state where an electric circuit between A and B is formed). In this case, the “electrical connection” between A and B is not limited to a connection mode by contact between conductors, but a mode in which power transmission between A and B is performed in a non-contact manner (via electromagnetic energy). It may be a connection.

  The power system 30 is a facility (power transmission network) that supplies power to the power receiving facilities 31, 31,... The power system 30 is electrically connected to the connection unit 1 a of the power transmission management device 1 so that power can be transmitted to and from the power transmission management device 1. The connecting portion 1a corresponds to the second connecting portion in the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 2, each vehicle 10 is a vehicle (for example, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle) on which a relatively large capacity battery 12 is mounted. The battery 12 is configured as an aggregate of a plurality of cells including, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a capacitor.

  Each vehicle 10 is registered in advance in the power transmission management device 1 as a vehicle capable of transmitting power (charging power or discharging power of the power storage device 12) between the power storage device 12 and the power transmission management device 1. .

  The electric storage device 12 of each vehicle 10 is electrically connected to the external charging device 5 disposed in the parking place of the vehicle 10, thereby being electrically connected to the connecting portion 1 b of the power transmission management device 1 via the external charging device 5. Connected. The connecting portion 1b corresponds to the first connecting portion in the present invention.

  More specifically, each vehicle 10 is equipped with a power storage system 11 including devices for performing power transmission between the battery 12 and the external charging device 5. The power storage system 11 includes a connection unit 13 that can be electrically connected to the external charging device 5 in addition to the storage unit 12, and AC / DC conversion as a power transmission device that performs power transmission between the storage unit 12 and the connection unit 13. , A control unit 15 that controls power transmission between the external charging device 5 and the battery 12 via the AC / DC converter 14, and a control unit that performs control processing related to monitoring and management of the state of the battery 12 16 and a PLC unit 17 (PLC: Power Line Communications) for power line communication between the external charging device 5 and the vehicle 10.

  Here, the external charging device 5 is a terminal that relays power transmission between the power transmission management device 1 and the vehicle 10 while being electrically connected to the connection unit 13 of the vehicle 10. The power transmission management device 1 is electrically connected to the connection portion 1b so that power can be transmitted to and from the management device 1.

  Then, the external charging device 5 receives power from the power transmission management device 1 and transmits power to the vehicle 10 in the state where the external charging device 5 is electrically connected to the connection portion 13 of the vehicle 10. Alternatively, it is possible to receive the discharged power of the battery 12 from the vehicle 10 and transmit it to the power transmission management device 1. Therefore, the electric storage device 12 of each vehicle 10 electrically connects the external charging device 5 to the connecting portion 13, and as a result, the electric power is connected to the connecting portion 1 b of the power transmission management device 1 via the external charging device 5. Will be connected.

  In the present embodiment, the power transmitted between the external charging device 5 and the vehicle 10 is AC power.

  Further, the external charging device 5 is equipped with a PLC unit 5 a that performs power line communication with the PLC unit 17 of the vehicle 10. The PLC unit 5a can communicate with a control unit 3 (to be described later) of the power transmission management device 1 via a communication network such as the Internet. Thereby, communication is possible between the vehicle 10 and the power transmission management device 1 via the PLC units 5a and 17.

  The AC / DC converter 14 is an electronic device that can perform power conversion from one of AC power and DC power to the other under the control of the control unit 15. The AC / DC converter 14 converts the AC power input from the external charging device 5 through the connection unit 13 into DC power during power transmission from the external charging device 5 to the battery 12 (when charging the battery 12). It is controlled to convert and supply the DC power to the battery 12.

  Further, during power transmission from the battery 12 to the external charging device 5 (when the battery 12 is discharged), the AC / DC converter 14 converts the DC power input from the battery 12 into AC power, and the AC power Is supplied to the external charging device 5.

  The AC / DC converter 14 is configured to variably control the transmission amount of power between the external charging device 5 and the battery 12.

  The control units 15 and 16 are each configured by one or a plurality of electronic circuit units including a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, an interface circuit, and the like. And the control part 15 is the function implement | achieved by the mounted hardware structure or program (software structure), the function which controls the AC / DC converter 14, the external charging device 5 or electric power transmission via the PLC unit 17 It has a function of communicating with the management apparatus 1 and a function of communicating with the control unit 16.

  In this case, the control unit 15 can acquire data indicating the state of the battery 12 such as the state of charge (SOC) and temperature of the battery 12 through communication with the control unit 16.

  Furthermore, the control unit 15 receives a command regarding discharging or charging of the battery 12 from the power transmission management device 1 through the external charging device 5 through communication with the external charging device 5 side, or the charging rate ( Hereinafter, it is possible to transmit data indicating SOC) to the power transmission management device 1 via the external charging device 5.

  Detection data indicating the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery 12 is input to the control unit 16 from a sensor (not shown). The control unit 16 has a function of sequentially estimating the SOC of the battery 12 based on the input detection data as a function realized by the implemented hardware configuration or program (software configuration), and the control unit 15. It has a function to perform communication.

  Supplementally, the communication between the external charging device 5 and the vehicle 10 is a communication method other than PLC (for example, wireless communication such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark) or Bluetooth (registered trademark)), or a signal line for communication. (Wired communication using).

  Moreover, the control part 15 of the vehicle 10 may be comprised so that it can communicate directly with the electric power transmission management apparatus 1 via communication networks, such as the internet. Moreover, the control parts 15 and 16 of the vehicle 10 may be comprised collectively by the single electronic circuit unit.

  In addition, the external charging device 5 and the power storage system 11 may be configured so that power transmission between the external charging device 5 and the vehicle 10 is performed with DC power. In this case, the power storage system 11 can include, for example, a DC / DC converter as a power transmission device between the battery 12 and the connection unit 13.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power transmission management device 1 includes a power transmission device 2 that can perform power transmission between the connection units 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c and a control unit 3 that controls the power transmission device 2. The control unit 3 corresponds to the control unit in the present invention.

  The power transmission device 2 includes, for example, a plurality of switches, relays, and the like. The control unit 3 includes one or more electronic circuit units including a CPU, RAM, ROM, interface circuit, etc., one or more computers, or a combination of these electronic circuit units and computers. In addition, each component of the electric power transmission apparatus 2 and the control part 3 can be distributedly arranged in several places.

  And the control part 3 has a function which controls the electric power transmission apparatus 2 with the mounted hardware structure or program (software structure). In this case, the control unit 3 controls the connection / disconnection of the electric circuit that performs power transmission between the connection units 1a, 1b, and 1c, or the storage units 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10 that are electrically connected to the connection unit 1b. It is possible to control the disconnection of the electric path that performs the power transmission between them.

  The power transmission management device 1 is configured so that the control unit 3 appropriately controls the power transmission device 2 to supply the power received from the battery 12 or the power generation facility 20 of each vehicle 10 to the power system 30. Alternatively, the electric power is transmitted from 1c to the connecting portion 1a, or the electric power received from the power generation facility 20 or the electric power system 30 is charged to the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 through the connecting portion 1a or 1c via the connecting portion 1b. The electric power is transmitted to the electric storage device 12 of each vehicle 10, or the electric power is transmitted between the electric storage devices 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10, 10... (That is, the electric storage device 12 of any vehicle 10. To supply the electric power received from the battery 12 of the other vehicle 10).

  In this case, power transmission between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 is performed according to a contract concluded between the operator of the power transmission management device 1 and the operator of the power system 30.

  For example, as illustrated in the graph of FIG. 3A, a so-called instantaneous reserve power is contracted in a time zone TW (a contract time zone) in which the power load of the power system 30 is expected to increase rapidly during a day. The predetermined amount of power is supplied from the power transmission management device 1 to the power system 30.

  In addition, the “power load” on the vertical axis in the graph of FIG. 3A is more specifically the power obtained by subtracting the entire amount of power regularly supplied to the power system 30 from the total amount of power required for the power system 30. Amount.

  Hereinafter, supplying power as the instantaneous reserve from the power transmission management device 1 to the power system 30 as described above is referred to as instantaneous reserve power transmission processing. In this instantaneous reserve power transmission process, the power transmission management device 1 basically transmits the total amount of power received from the respective capacitors 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10, 10,... To the power system 30. In this case, the amount of power to be transmitted to the power system 30 and the execution time zone of the instantaneous reserve power transmission process are contracted.

  Further, as shown by a broken line frame portion of the graph of FIG. 3B, in a situation where the power waveform supplied to each power receiving facility 31 by the power system 30 includes a fluctuation component having a frequency higher than the reference frequency, the fluctuation component is reduced. The power transmission from the power transmission management device 1 to the power system 30 and the power transmission from the power system 30 to the power transmission management device 1 are performed in a relatively short cycle so as to reduce the distortion of the power waveform. Repeated alternately.

  Hereinafter, the transfer of power between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 as described above is referred to as frequency adjustment processing. In this frequency adjustment process, the power transmission management device 1 basically sends the total amount of power received from the respective capacitors 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10, 10,. When the power is transmitted and received from the power system 30, the received power is distributed and supplied to the respective capacitors 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10, 10,. Therefore, in the frequency adjustment process, charging and discharging of the respective capacitors 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10, 10,... Are periodically repeated. In this case, the transmission amount (power transmission amount and power reception amount) of power per cycle between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 and the execution time zone of the frequency adjustment process are contracted.

  It should be noted that the above-mentioned contract information related to the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process (the amount of electricity transmitted in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the execution time zone, and the transmission amount and execution time of power per cycle in the frequency adjustment process) Band) corresponds to power system request information in the present invention. The contract information is input and stored in the control unit 3 via an input device (not shown) or from another computer or the like.

  In addition, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 stores information on each vehicle 10 and its user registered in advance as vehicles 10 that can perform power transmission with the power transmission management device 1 (hereinafter simply vehicle-specific information). A recording unit 3a (database) is recorded. The vehicle-specific information includes, for example, information (e-mail address, etc.) indicating the destination of transmission of various data to each vehicle 10 or user, consideration information for the user of each vehicle 10, payment cost imposed on the user of each vehicle 10 Information indicating (money burden), history information of power transmission between each vehicle 10 and the power transmission management device 1, and the like.

  Here, in the present embodiment, when power transmission is performed between the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 and the power transmission management device 1 by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process, for each process. The operator of the power transmission management device 1 gives money (incentive) such as money or points to the user of the vehicle 10.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, electric power transmission (transmission / reception) is performed between the respective capacitors 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10, 10,. In this case, a consideration (positive consideration) is given to the user of the vehicle 10 that has discharged the capacitor 12, and a cost burden (to the user of the vehicle 10 that has charged the capacitor 12 ( Negative compensation).

  And the said consideration information recorded on the recording part 3a is the information which shows the value (cumulative value) of the consideration which the user of each vehicle 10 acquired, and the information which shows the acquisition history and usage history of consideration, for example including. Note that the cumulative value of the user of each vehicle 10 decreases by the amount of use when the user appropriately consumes the value.

  Moreover, the said payment cost is a cost which a user should pay according to the charge amount, when the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 performs charge of the amount which a user desires.

  And the control part 3 transmits the said price information, the information of payment cost, etc. to each vehicle 10 suitably, or transmits to terminals, such as a smart phone, a tablet terminal, and a personal computer which the user of each vehicle 10 uses. Is possible.

  Supplementally, the power transmission management device 1 may be electrically connected to other power supply sources (for example, stationary large-capacity capacitors) other than the capacitors 12 and the power generation facilities 20 of the plurality of vehicles 10.

  Next, the operation of the system of the present embodiment (particularly, the operation related to the power transmission of the power transmission management device 1 and the battery 12 of each vehicle 10) will be described below.

  When the user of each vehicle 10 parks the vehicle 10 in a parking place where the external charging device 5 can be used, the external charging device 5 is electrically connected to the connection portion 13 of the vehicle 10. Thereby, the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 is electrically connected to the connection portion 1b of the power transmission management device 1 via the external charging device 5.

  And the control part 3 of the power transmission management apparatus 1 is the connection part 1b in the time slot | zone before performing the power transmission between the power transmission management apparatus 1 and the electric power grid | system 30 by the said instantaneous reserve power transmission process or a frequency adjustment process. , Which are electrically connected to each other via the external charging device 5, a control process (hereinafter referred to as an SOC variation reducing process) for reducing the mutual variations in the SOC of the respective capacitors 12 of the plurality of vehicles 10,. ) Is executed in cooperation with the control unit 15 of each vehicle 10. Of the SOC variation reduction processing, the processing executed by the control unit 3 corresponds to the second control processing in the present invention.

  In this case, when the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 starts the SOC variation reduction process, the connection unit of each vehicle 10 is connected to all the vehicles 10 that are electrically connected to the power transmission management device 1. 13 is transmitted to the PLC unit 17 of each vehicle 10 via the PLC unit 5a of the external charging device 5 that is electrically connected to 13.

  At this time, the PLC unit 17 of each vehicle 10 that has received the data activates the control units 15 and 16 of the vehicle 10. More specifically, the PLC unit 17 of each vehicle 10 supplies power to the control units 15 and 16 by controlling power supply circuits (not shown) of the control units 15 and 16 of the vehicle 10, for example. Let As a result, the control units 15 and 16 are activated.

  Thus, after the control parts 15 and 16 of each vehicle 10 start, SOC variation reduction processing is performed as shown to the flowchart of FIG.4 and FIG.5.

  4 and 5, the processing in the central flowchart (steps 1 to 13) is the processing of the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1, and the processing in the left flowchart (steps 21 to 26) is the SOC. The process of the control unit 15 of the vehicle 10 in which the capacitor 12 that performs discharging in the variation reducing process and the process in the flowchart on the right side (the processes in STEP 31 to 36) are mounted with the capacitor 12 that performs charging in the SOC variation reducing process. This is a process of the control unit 15 of the vehicle 10.

  However, the processing of STEP 21 and 31 and the processing of STEP 22 and 32 are processing executed in all the vehicles 10 that are electrically connected to the power transmission management device 1.

  In STEPs 21 and 31, the control unit 15 of each vehicle 10 transmits data indicating the current SOC (estimated value) of the battery 12 acquired from the control unit 16 (this corresponds to the charge state information in the present invention) and transmits power. It transmits to the management apparatus 1 via the PLC unit 17. This data is received by the PLC unit 5a of the external charging device 5, and then transmitted from the PLC unit 5a to the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1.

  Such transmission data is received by the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1. Thereby, this control part 3 acquires SOC of the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 (STEP1).

  Furthermore, in STEPs 22 and 32, the control unit 15 of each vehicle 10 receives data indicating a use plan of the vehicle 10 and data indicating a request (charge / discharge request) related to charging / discharging of the battery 12. Then, the data is transmitted via the PLC unit 17. These data are received by the PLC unit 5 a of the external charging device 5, and then transmitted from the PLC unit 5 a to the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1.

  The data indicating the use plan includes, for example, data indicating the next use start timing of the vehicle 10 (or data indicating a non-use time zone of the vehicle 10). The data indicating the charge / discharge request includes, for example, data indicating whether to permit charging / discharging of the battery 12 by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process, and the next use start time of the vehicle 10. And data indicating the required target SOC of the battery 12 (or a target value for an increase in SOC).

  These usage plans and charge / discharge requests are information set by, for example, the user of each vehicle 10 operating a predetermined operation unit of the vehicle 10 when the vehicle 10 is parked.

  Supplementally, the external charging device 5 is configured so that the usage plan and the charge / discharge request can be set by, for example, a predetermined operation of the external charging device 5, and data indicating the usage plan and the charge / discharge request is provided. The external charging device 5 may transmit to the power transmission management device 1.

  In addition, for example, when a terminal such as a smartphone possessed by the user of each vehicle 10 can communicate with the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1, a usage plan and a charge / discharge request set by the user at the terminal May be transmitted from the terminal to the power transmission management device 1.

  Data indicating the use plan and charge / discharge request of each vehicle 10 is received by the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1. Thereby, this control part 3 acquires the utilization plan and charge / discharge request | requirement set regarding each vehicle 10 (STEP2).

  The control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 that has acquired the SOC of the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 and the usage plan and charge / discharge request of each vehicle 10 then electrically connects the power transmission management device 1 to the power transmission management device 1 in STEP 3. From all the connected vehicles 10, a target vehicle for the SOC variation reduction process (a vehicle equipped with a battery 12 that is charged or discharged by the SOC variation reduction process) is selected.

  In STEP 3, among all the vehicles 10 electrically connected to the power transmission management device 1, for example, the charging / discharging request does not permit charging / discharging of the battery 12 by instantaneous reserve power transmission processing or frequency adjustment processing. The remaining time until the next use start timing of the designated vehicle 10 and the vehicle 10 designated by the utilization plan is relatively short, and during the remaining time, the SOC variation reducing process or the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or The vehicle 10 excluding the vehicle 10 that is predicted to be unable to complete the charging of the battery 12 up to the target SOC designated by the frequency adjustment process or the charge / discharge request is the target vehicle for the SOC variation reduction process. Selected.

  The vehicle 10 selected in STEP 3 is a vehicle that uses the electric power of the battery 12 for power transmission in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process after the execution of the SOC variation reduction process. The target vehicle 10 is referred to.

  Next, in STEP 4, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 indicates an index value indicating the degree of mutual variation of the SOC of the battery 12 of each power usage target vehicle 10 (the SOC acquired in STEP 1 for each power usage target vehicle 10). (Hereinafter referred to as SOC variation degree index value) is calculated.

  In the present embodiment, as the SOC variation degree index value, for example, the standard deviation of the SOC of each battery 12 of the power usage target vehicle 10 is calculated.

  For example, variance may be calculated as the SOC variation degree index value instead of the standard deviation. Alternatively, for example, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the SOCs of the respective electric storage devices 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 may be calculated as the SOC variation degree index value.

  Next, in STEP 5, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management apparatus 1 determines whether or not the SOC variation degree index value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (whether or not the SOC variation degree is high). The situation in which the determination result in STEP 5 is negative is that the current SOC variation degree of each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 is small (the SOC of each battery 12 is equal or close to each other). In other words, the degree of variation is small through the processing of STEPs 6 to 12 described below. In this case, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 ends the SOC variation reduction process.

  On the other hand, if the determination result in STEP 5 is affirmative, the degree of variation in SOC is large. In this case, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 next uses the vehicle 10 to be discharged from the battery 12 in STEP 6 in order to reduce the degree of variation in SOC from the power use target vehicle 10. A certain discharge target vehicle 10 and a charge target vehicle 10 that is a vehicle 10 that should charge the battery 12 are selected according to a predetermined rule.

  In this STEP 6, for example, one or more vehicles 10 whose SOC of the battery 12 is a relatively higher value are selected as the discharge target vehicles 10 among all the electric power use target vehicles 10, and the SOC of the battery 12 is A plurality of vehicles 10 having relatively lower values are selected as the charging target vehicles 10.

  In this case, among the electric power use target vehicles 10, the vehicle 10 having the highest SOC of the battery 12 (or the vehicle 10 in a high SOC state where the SOC is equal to or higher than a predetermined value) is included in the discharge target vehicle 10, and the battery 12 The vehicle 10 with the lowest SOC (or the vehicle 10 in a low SOC state where the SOC is equal to or less than a predetermined value) is included in the charging target vehicle 10 and the number of charging target vehicles 10 is larger than the number of discharging target vehicles 10. Thus, the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 are selected.

  There may be a vehicle that is not selected as either the discharge target vehicle 10 or the charge target vehicle 10 among the power use target vehicles 10. In other words, the total number of discharge target vehicles 10 and charge target vehicles 10 may be smaller than the total number of power utilization target vehicles 10.

  Next, in STEP 7, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 transmits notification data indicating that the vehicle is selected as a discharge target vehicle to each discharge target vehicle 10, and also transmits to each charge target vehicle 10 a charge target vehicle. Notification data indicating that it has been selected as is transmitted.

  These notification data are received by each charging target vehicle 10 and each control unit 15 of each charging target vehicle 10 (STEP 23, 33).

  Next, in STEP 8, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 predicts the degree of SOC variation achieved by the SOC variation reduction process by simulation.

  Specifically, the control unit 3 performs, for example, an execution time width of the SOC variation reduction process, a discharge amount per unit time of the battery 12 of each discharge target vehicle 10 (in other words, a discharge current value), and each charge The charge amount per unit time of the battery 12 of the target vehicle 10 (in other words, the charge current value) is set as a variable parameter, and the value of each variable parameter is provisionally set within a predetermined variable range.

  In addition, the sum total of the discharge amount per unit time of the battery 12 of each discharge target vehicle 10 (total for all discharge target vehicles 10) and the sum of the charge amount per unit time of the capacitor 12 of each charge target vehicle 10 ( The discharge amount of each discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge amount of each charge target vehicle 10 are set such that the total sum of all the charge target vehicles 10 matches each other.

  Further, the control unit 3 simulates the change in the SOC of each battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 when it is assumed that the SOC variation reduction process is executed on the assumption that the set value of the variable parameter is a precondition. To do.

  Then, the control unit 3 uses the SOC value of each battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 obtained by this simulation (that is, the estimated value at the completion of execution of the SOC variation reduction process), An SOC variation degree index value for the entire power usage target vehicle 10 is calculated. This calculation process is performed in the same manner as in STEP4. Thereby, the SOC variation degree index value as the predicted value of the SOC variation degree after execution of the SOC variation reduction process is calculated.

  In the calculation process of the SOC variation degree index value in this case, the SOC value of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 that is not selected as the discharge target vehicle 10 or the charge target vehicle 10 among the electric power use target vehicles 10 is STEP1. The value acquired in is used as it is.

  Next, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 determines in STEP 9 whether or not the SOC variation degree predicted in STEP 8 is reduced from the SOC variation degree calculated in STEP 4. More specifically, in this determination process, for example, the SOC variation degree index value calculated in STEP 8 (the predicted value of the SOC variation degree after the execution of the SOC variation reduction process) is used as the SOC variation degree index calculated in STEP 4. It is determined whether or not the value has decreased by a predetermined amount or more than the value (degree of SOC variation at the start of execution of the SOC variation reduction process).

  If the determination result in STEP 9 is negative, the control unit 3 changes the value of the variable parameter, executes the process in STEP 8 again, and further executes the determination process in STEP 9.

  In addition, even if the process of STEP 8 is repeated a predetermined number of times, if the determination result of STEP 9 does not become affirmative, for example, after selecting the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 again, from STEP 7 Processing may be executed.

  If the determination result in STEP 9 is affirmative, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 next executes the process in STEP 10.

  In STEP 10, the control unit 3 transmits a discharge command for causing the battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 to discharge to the discharge target vehicle 10 and charging for causing the battery 12 of the charge target vehicle 10 to be charged. The command is transmitted to the charging target vehicle 10.

  In this case, in the discharge command, the determination process of STEP 9 becomes positive as data specifying the execution time width of the SOC variation reduction process and the discharge amount per unit time of the battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10. Data indicating setting values used in the immediately preceding STEP8 simulation is included.

  Similarly, in the charge command, the determination process of STEP 9 becomes positive as data specifying the execution time width of the SOC variation reduction process and the charge amount per unit time of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 to be charged. Data indicating setting values used in the immediately preceding STEP8 simulation is included.

  The discharge command transmitted by the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 in STEP 10 is received by the control unit 15 of each discharge target vehicle 10 (STEP 24), and the charge command is received by the control unit 15 of each charge target vehicle 10. (STEP 34).

  Then, the control unit 15 of the discharge target vehicle 10 that has received the discharge command performs discharge control of the battery 12 in accordance with the discharge command (STEP 25). In this case, the control unit 15 performs AC / DC so as to discharge the battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 with the specified discharge amount during the execution time width of the SOC variation reduction process specified by the discharge command. The converter 14 is controlled.

  Further, the control unit 15 of the charging target vehicle 10 that has received the charging command executes charging control of the battery 12 in accordance with the charging power command (STEP 35). In this case, the control unit 15 performs AC / DC charging so that the battery 12 of the charging target vehicle 10 is charged with the specified charge amount during the execution time width of the SOC variation reduction process specified by the charge command. The converter 14 is controlled.

  By executing the discharge control of the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 to be discharged and the charge control of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 to be charged as described above, the discharge power output from the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 to be discharged becomes the discharge power. It is transmitted from the target vehicle 10 to the power transmission management device 1 via the external charging device 5. Then, the total amount of discharge power received by the power transmission management device 1 from the capacitors 12 of each discharge target vehicle 10 is distributed and supplied from the power transmission management device 1 to the respective capacitors 12 of the charge target vehicle 10.

  As a result, the SOC of the battery 12 of each discharge target vehicle 10 decreases and the SOC of the battery 12 of each charge target vehicle 10 increases.

  In this case, in the present embodiment, the charging target vehicle 10 and the discharging target vehicle 10 are selected so that the number of charging target vehicles 10 is larger than the number of discharging target vehicles 10. For this reason, the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 to be charged can be charged in such a manner that the amount of charge per unit time (so-called charging rate) becomes small (that is, at a low rate).

  Here, in general, when the battery 12 is charged at a high rate (in a mode in which the amount of charge per unit time is large), deterioration tends to proceed. However, in this embodiment, the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 to be charged is charged. Can be charged at a low rate. For this reason, the progress of the deterioration of the battery 12 can be suppressed as much as possible.

  When the discharge control of the battery 12 ends, the control unit 15 of the discharge target vehicle 10 next transmits the discharge result information to the power transmission management device 1 in STEP 26. The discharge result information is, for example, information indicating the total discharge amount of the battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 (or the decrease amount of the SOC of the battery 12) in the current SOC variation reduction process.

  In addition, when the charging control of the battery 12 ends, the control unit 15 of the charging target vehicle 10 next transmits charging result information to the power transmission management device 1 in STEP 36. The charge result information is, for example, information indicating the total charge amount of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 to be charged (or the increase in the SOC of the battery 12) in the current SOC variation reduction process.

  The discharge result information and the charge result information are received by the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 (STEP 11).

  And the control part 3 of the electric power transmission management apparatus 1 is the consideration recorded on the recording part 3a corresponding to each discharge target vehicle 10 based on the discharge result information received for every discharge target vehicle 10 in STEP12. While updating the information, based on the charging result information received for each charging target vehicle 10, the consideration information recorded in the recording unit 3 a corresponding to each charging target vehicle 10 is updated.

  Specifically, the cumulative value for the user of each discharge target vehicle 10 is increased by an increase proportional to the total discharge amount indicated by the discharge result information. Further, the cumulative value for the user of each charging target vehicle 10 is reduced by a reduction proportional to the total amount of charge indicated by the charging result information. In addition, the cumulative value corresponding to the user of the power use target vehicle 10 that is not selected as the discharge target vehicle 10 or the charge target vehicle 10 is maintained without being increased or decreased.

  Here, the increase in value per unit discharge amount (in other words, the value given per unit discharge amount) of the storage battery 12 of each discharge target vehicle 10 in the SOC variation reduction process, and each charge target vehicle 10. The amount of decrease in value per unit charge amount of the battery 12 (in other words, the payment cost imposed per unit charge amount) is determined in advance. As an example, the increase in value per unit discharge amount and the decrease in value per unit charge amount (burden) are set to the same value, for example.

  In this case, as a result, the payment is exchanged between the user of the discharge target vehicle 10 and the user of the charge target vehicle 10. Therefore, for the operator of the power transmission management device 1, there is substantially no cost burden in the SOC variation reduction processing.

  After the processing of STEP 12, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 transmits consideration information indicating the updated value and the like to each of the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 in STEP 13.

  The consideration information is received and stored in the respective control units 15 of the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 (STEPs 26 and 36).

  Such consideration information is notified to the user of the vehicle 10 by visual display on the display or by voice when the next driving of the vehicle 10 to be discharged and the vehicle 10 to be charged is started next time.

  In addition, you may perform the transmission of the said value information from the electric power transmission management apparatus 1 addressed to terminals, such as a smart phone which each user of the discharge object vehicle 10 and the charge object vehicle 10 uses.

  The control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 that has transmitted the consideration information executes the processing from STEP 4 again. In the processing of STEP 4 (processing for calculating the SOC variation degree index value) in this case, the estimated value after discharging by the discharge control is used as the SOC value of the battery 12 of each discharging target vehicle 10, and each charging target As the SOC value of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10, the estimated value after charging by the charging control is used.

  Here, the determination result of STEP5 next to STEP4 is basically negative by the discharge control of the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 to be discharged and the charge control of the battery 12 of each vehicle 10 to be charged. Thereby, the SOC variation reduction process is completed.

  However, depending on the combination of the discharge target vehicle 10 and the charge target vehicle 10 among the power use target vehicles 10 or the set values of the variable parameters used in the discharge control and the charge control, the degree of variation in the SOC is not sufficiently reduced. As a result, the determination result in STEP 5 may be affirmative. In this case, the processing from STEP 6 is executed again.

  In the present embodiment, the SOC variation reduction process is executed as described above.

  After executing the SOC variation reducing process as described above, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 cooperates with each control unit 15 of the power usage target vehicle 10 in a predetermined time zone to perform the instantaneous standby operation. A power transmission process or a frequency adjustment process is executed. Of the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process, the process executed by the control unit 3 corresponds to the first control process in the present invention.

  In this case, in the time zone in which the instantaneous reserve power transmission process is performed, for example, among the power usage target vehicles 10, each vehicle 10 in which the SOC of the battery 12 is equal to or higher than a predetermined lower threshold (for example, 10%) Selected as a vehicle for power supply. Note that the lower threshold corresponds to the first threshold in the present invention.

  Then, electric power is supplied from each of the capacitors 12 of the selected vehicle 10 to the power transmission management device 1 via the external charging device 5, and the total amount of the power is transmitted from the power transmission management device 1 to the power system 30. .

  In this case, the discharge of each battery 12 of the selected vehicle 10 is performed in a range in which the SOC of the battery 12 is maintained at or above the predetermined lower limit threshold.

  Further, in the time zone in which the frequency adjustment process is performed, for example, the SOC of the battery 12 in the electric power usage target vehicle 10 is equal to or lower than a predetermined upper threshold (for example, 90%) and equal to or higher than the predetermined lower threshold. Each vehicle 10 is selected as a vehicle that transmits and receives power. Note that the upper threshold corresponds to the second threshold in the present invention.

  Then, the discharge power of each battery 12 of the selected vehicle 10 is supplied to the power system 30 via the power transmission management device 1, and the charging power of each battery 12 of the selected vehicle 10 is supplied from the power system 30. Supplying to the battery 12 via the power transmission management device 1 is repeated alternately.

  In this case, at the time of power transmission from the power transmission management device 1 to the power system 30, the total amount of discharge power supplied from each storage battery 12 of the selected vehicle 10 to the power transmission management device 1 is supplied to the power system 30. Further, at the time of power transmission from the power system 30 to the power transmission management device 1, the total amount of power received by the power transmission management device 1 from the power system 30 is distributed and supplied to the respective capacitors 12 of the selected vehicle 10. Is charged.

  Next, the control unit 3 of the power transmission management device 1 cooperates with each control unit 15 of the power utilization target vehicle 10 in the time zone after the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process is completed. Then, the process of charging each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 is executed.

  In this case, the charging power of the battery 12 is supplied from the power transmission management device 1 to the power use target vehicle 10 whose SOC (estimated value) of the battery 12 is less than the target SOC specified by the charge / discharge request. The battery 12 is charged to the target SOC.

  In this charging process, the power transmission management device 1 supplies the power received from the power generation facility 20 to the power usage target vehicle 10 that charges the battery 12. Further, the supply of the charging power to the battery 12 of the power usage target vehicle 10 can complete the charging by the use start timing of the power usage target vehicle 10 specified by the usage plan related to the power usage target vehicle 10. It is performed in a time zone (for example, a night time zone) where the unit price of power received by the power transmission management device 1 from the power generation facility 20 is as low as possible.

  In this embodiment, the payment cost imposed per unit charge amount of the battery 12 in the charging process is set to be lower than the price per unit discharge amount of the battery 12 in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process. ing.

  Note that the charging process of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 is performed in the same manner as described above for the vehicles 10 other than the electric power utilization target vehicle 10.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the SOC variation reduction process is executed in the time zone before the power transmission between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process. Is done. Then, by the SOC variation reducing process, the mutual variation degree of the SOC of each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 is reduced.

  For this reason, the SOC of each battery 12 of the power usage target vehicle 10 tends to be an intermediate value that does not approach 100% or 0% before the execution of the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process.

  Here, when the SOC of the battery 12 is 100% or a high SOC state close to 100%, the battery 12 cannot be used for the frequency adjustment process because it cannot be substantially charged.

  In addition, although the battery 12 in the high SOC state can be used as a battery that discharges in instantaneous reserve power transmission processing, the discharge amount per unit time is predetermined in order to prevent deterioration or overheating of the battery 12. Must be limited to below the value. For this reason, the total discharge amount of the battery 12 (the battery 12 in the high SOC state) within the time zone in which the instantaneous reserve power transmission process is executed tends to remain only a part of the dischargeable amount. Eventually, the price that can be acquired by the user of the vehicle 10 equipped with the battery 12 is likely to be small.

  Further, when the SOC of the battery 12 is 0% or a low SOC state close to it, the battery 12 cannot be substantially discharged, so that it can be used for both the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process. Can not.

  Therefore, if there is a vehicle 10 in which the battery 12 is in a high SOC state or a low SOC state among a plurality of power use target vehicles 10, 10,... The number of capacitors 12 that can be used in the reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process tends to decrease.

  Eventually, a situation in which the total amount of power that can be transmitted using the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 cannot be sufficiently increased between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 is likely to occur. Further, the total amount of power that can be transmitted using the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 may be insufficient with respect to the amount of power based on the contract. As a result, the profit that the operator of the power transmission management device 1 or the user of each vehicle 10 can obtain is likely to decrease.

  Furthermore, in general, when the battery 12 is left in a high SOC state or a low SOC state for a long time, the deterioration is likely to proceed at an early stage.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as described above, the SOC variation reduction process causes the SOC of each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 to be intermediate before the execution of the instantaneous reserve power transmission process or the frequency adjustment process. It tends to be a value. That is, the battery 12 of each power usage target vehicle 10 changes from a high SOC state or a low SOC state to a medium SOC state, or is maintained in a medium SOC state.

  An example will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, there are, for example, four power usage target vehicles 10 to be subjected to the SOC variation reduction process, and the SOC of each battery 12 is 100%, 60%, and 40, respectively, at the start of the SOC variation reduction process. %, 0%. In this case, the standard deviation as the SOC variation degree index value is 36.0. Thereafter, the vehicle 10 having the SOC of the battery 12 of 100% is the vehicle 10a, the vehicle 10 having the SOC of 60% is the vehicle 10b, the vehicle 10 having the SOC of 40% is the vehicle 10c, and the vehicle 10 having the SOC of 0% is the vehicle 10b. This is described as a vehicle 10d.

  In the SOC variation reduction processing for these vehicles 10a to 10d, for example, the vehicle 10a is selected as the discharge target vehicle 10 (one), and the vehicles 10c and 10d are selected as the charge target vehicles 10 (two). In this example, the vehicle 10b is not selected as the discharge target vehicle 10 or the charge target vehicle 10.

  Then, the battery 12 of the vehicle 10a, which is the vehicle 10 to be discharged, discharges, for example, an amount of electricity equivalent to 50% of the SOC, and the amount of electricity equivalent to 10% of the amount of electricity (the total of the capacitors 12 of the vehicle 10a). 1/5) and the amount of electricity equivalent to 40% SOC (4/5 of the total discharge amount of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10a), respectively, as the vehicle 10 to be charged 10c and 10d are charged. In addition, the amount of electricity corresponding to SOC of X% means more specifically the amount of electricity of X% of the full charge capacity of the battery 12 (= full power reception capacity × X / 100).

  As described above, by discharging the capacitor 12 of the vehicle 10a and discharging the capacitor 12 of each of the vehicles 10c and 10d, the SOC of each of the capacitors 12 of the vehicles 10a to 10d is determined at the end of the SOC variation reduction process. , 50%, 60%, 50%, and 40%. Therefore, the standard deviation as the SOC variation degree index value decreases from 36.0 at the start of the SOC variation reduction process to 7.1. Further, the SOC of each battery 12 of vehicles 10a to 10d is in an intermediate SOC state.

  As described above, the SOC variation reduction processing basically reduces the degree of variation in the SOC of each battery 12 of the power usage target vehicle 10. As a result, the SOCs of the respective storage batteries 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 are substantially set to a medium value.

  In the example shown in FIG. 6, the user of the vehicle 10 a that discharges the battery 12 by executing the SOC variation reduction process gives consideration (positive consideration) according to the discharge amount (SOC reduction amount) of the battery 12. And the users of the vehicles 10c and 10d who charge the storage battery 12 pay the consideration (negative compensation) according to the charge amount (increased SOC) of each storage battery 12.

  Supplementally, before starting the execution of the SOC variation reduction process, it is assumed that the SOCs of the capacitors 12 of all the electric power usage target vehicles 10 are in a high SOC state or the electric capacitors 12 of all the electric power usage target vehicles 10 In a situation where the SOC is in a low SOC state, the SOC variation reduction processing cannot change the SOC of each battery 12 of the power usage target vehicle 10 to a medium value, but the number of power usage target vehicles 10 In general, the SOC of each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 is distributed in various values between the high SOC state and the low SOC state (the high SOC state side and the low SOC state). In general, it is unlikely that the situation is unevenly distributed only on one side.

  Therefore, in most cases, the SOC of each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 is substantially set to a medium value by the SOC variation reduction process.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the SOC variation reducing process basically sets the SOC of each battery 12 of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 to a substantially medium value. And in this state, each battery 12 of all the electric power utilization object vehicles 10 can be used by the above-mentioned instantaneous reserve power transmission processing and frequency adjustment processing.

  Therefore, the power transmission management device 1 can increase the amount of power that can be transmitted to and from the power system 30 in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process. Eventually, the profit obtained by the operator of the power transmission management device 1 can be increased by transmitting the power, and the consideration for the user of the vehicle 10 used by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process can be increased. Can do.

  In particular, the vehicle 10 (for example, the vehicle 10a shown in FIG. 6) in which the SOC of the battery 12 is in a high SOC state before the execution of the SOC variation reduction process is started, the discharge of the battery 12 in the SOC variation reduction process, Most of the initial amount of electricity (storage amount) of the battery 12 can be discharged by the discharge of the battery 12 by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process. For this reason, the user of this vehicle 10 can acquire many considerations.

  Further, the vehicle 10 (for example, the vehicle 10d shown in FIG. 6) in which the SOC of the battery 12 is in a low SOC state before the execution of the SOC variation reduction process is performed is caused by the charging of the battery 12 in the SOC variation reduction process. It can be used in the frequency adjustment process, or can be used in both the frequency adjustment process and the instantaneous reserve power transmission process.

  Therefore, the user of the vehicle 10 can acquire the price so as to compensate for the decrease in the value due to the charging of the battery 12 in the SOC variation reduction process.

  Further, in the vehicle 10 in which the SOC of the battery 12 is in the high SOC state or the low SOC state before the execution of the SOC variation reducing process is started, the SOC of the battery 12 is changed to a medium SOC by the SOC variation reducing process. . This prevents the battery 12 from being maintained in a high SOC state or a low SOC state for a long time. As a result, the progress of deterioration of the battery 12 can be suppressed.

  Here, the consideration and payment cost acquired by each user of the electric power utilization target vehicle 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparative example. More specifically, FIG. 7 shows four vehicles 10a to 10d illustrated on the upper side of FIG. 6 (vehicles in which the initial SOC (initial SOC) of the battery 12 is 100%, 60%, 40%, and 0%, respectively). 10a to 10d), the consideration that each user can obtain by executing the SOC variation process, the instantaneous reserve power transmission process, and the frequency adjustment process, and the charging of the battery 12 after these processes and operations ( The payment cost by charging to the target SOC is illustrated in a bar graph shape.

  Further, FIG. 8 shows the consideration that each user can acquire by executing the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process without executing the SOC variation process for the four vehicles 10a to 10d. The payment cost for charging the battery 12 (charging to the target SOC) after the above operation is shown in a bar graph.

  In these examples and comparative examples, the final charging of the respective capacitors 12 of the vehicles 10a to 10d is performed with 100% SOC as the target SOC. Further, the maximum value of the total discharge amount that can be discharged by each battery 12 in the time zone in which the instantaneous reserve power transmission process is performed is an electric amount equivalent to 50% SOC.

  In addition, each capacitor 12 is assumed to be discharged to 10% SOC by instantaneous reserve power transmission processing before final charging. That is, it is assumed that the charging amount at the time of final charging of each battery 12 is an electric amount equivalent to 90% SOC for any of the vehicles 10a to 10d.

  In addition, the payment cost per unit discharge amount of the storage battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 in the SOC variation reduction process is the same (or almost the same) as the payment cost at the time of final charging of the storage battery 12. And

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the user of the vehicle 10 a whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 100% is, for example, the consideration Aa due to the discharge in the SOC variation reduction processing (the consideration according to the amount of discharge equivalent to 50% SOC). ), The consideration Ba (the compensation corresponding to the amount of discharge equivalent to 40% SOC) by the instantaneous reserve power transmission processing, and the compensation Ca by the frequency adjustment processing, and the payment cost Da ( The cost corresponding to the amount of charge equivalent to 90% SOC).

  Further, a user of the vehicle 10a whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 60% may be, for example, a consideration Bb (a compensation according to a discharge amount equivalent to a 50% SOC) and a consideration Cb by a frequency adjustment process. And pay the payment cost Db (= Da) for the final charging of the battery 12. Since the vehicle 10b is not selected as the discharge target vehicle 10 or the charge target vehicle 10 in the SOC variation reduction process as shown in FIG. 6, the user of the vehicle 10a acquires or pays the value through the SOC variation reduction process. There is no cost burden.

  Further, the user of the vehicle 10c whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 40% may be, for example, a consideration Bc (a compensation corresponding to a discharge amount equivalent to 40% SOC) by a instantaneous reserve power transmission process and a consideration Cc by a frequency adjustment process. And the payment cost Dc (= Da) due to the final charge of the battery 12 and the payment cost A′c due to the charge in the SOC variation reduction processing (payment cost according to the charge amount equivalent to 10% SOC) To bear.

  In addition, the user of the vehicle 10d whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 0% may be, for example, a consideration Bd (a compensation corresponding to a discharge amount equivalent to 30% SOC) by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and a consideration Cd by the frequency adjustment process. And the charging cost Dd (= Da) due to the final charging of the battery 12 and the payment cost A′d due to the charging in the SOC variation reduction process (payment cost according to the amount of charge equivalent to 40% SOC) To bear.

  In the example of this embodiment, Aa = A′c + A′d.

  On the other hand, in the comparative example in which the SOC variation reduction process is not performed, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the user of the vehicle 10 a whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 100% is considered to be the consideration Ba (50% SOC) by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process. Only the cost corresponding to the corresponding amount of discharge) is acquired, and the payment cost Da (payment cost corresponding to the amount of charge equivalent to 50% SOC) by the final charge of the battery 12 is borne.

  In addition, since the battery 12 of the vehicle 10a cannot be used in the frequency adjustment process, the user of the vehicle 10a cannot obtain the compensation by the frequency adjustment process.

  Further, a user of the vehicle 10a whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 60% may be, for example, a consideration Bb (a compensation according to a discharge amount equivalent to a 50% SOC) and a consideration Cb by a frequency adjustment process. And charge the charging cost Db (payment cost according to the amount of charge equivalent to 90% SOC) due to the final charging of the battery 12.

  Further, the user of the vehicle 10c whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 40% may be, for example, a consideration Bc (a compensation corresponding to a discharge amount equivalent to a 30% SOC) by a instantaneous reserve power transmission process and a consideration Cc by a frequency adjustment process. And pay the payment cost Dc (the payment cost according to the amount of charge equivalent to 90% SOC) due to the final charging of the battery 12.

  Moreover, the user of the vehicle 10d whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 0% bears the payment cost Dd due to the final charge of the battery 12 without acquiring the consideration.

  As can be seen by comparing FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, all of the vehicles 10a to 10d are used in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process. Each of the users can acquire the compensation by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process.

  On the other hand, in the comparative example shown in FIG. 8, the user of the vehicle 10a whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 100% cannot acquire the value by the frequency adjustment process, and the vehicle whose initial SOC of the battery 12 is 0%. The user of 10d cannot acquire the compensation by the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment process.

  In this case, in the vehicle 10a in the embodiment, although the payment cost Da due to the charging of the battery 12 increases as compared with the comparative example, the consideration Aa due to the discharge in the SOC variation reduction processing and the consideration Ca due to the frequency adjustment processing are obtained. You can get it. Accordingly, the considerations Aa and Ca can be acquired so that the increase in the payment cost Da due to the charging of the battery 12 can be sufficiently compensated.

  In addition, each user of the vehicles 10c and 10d in the embodiment, although the payment costs A′c and A′d due to charging in the SOC variation reduction process increase compared to the comparative example, the instantaneous reserve power transmission process and the frequency adjustment Consideration for processing increases. For this reason, the burden of the payment cost of each user of vehicle 10c, 10d is reduced rather than a comparative example.

  Further, in the comparative example shown in FIG. 8, the power transmission management device 1 has three vehicles 10 a to 10 c that can use the power of the storage battery 12 in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process, and three vehicles 10 a to 10 c. The total amount of electricity that can be discharged from the battery 12 in the time zone of the instantaneous reserve power transmission process is an amount of electricity equivalent to 130% SOC. Furthermore, in the comparative example, there are two vehicles 10b and 10c that can repeatedly charge and discharge the battery 12 in the frequency adjustment process.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, there are four vehicles 10, 10 a to 10 d, in which the power transmission management device 1 can use the power of the battery 12 in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process. The total amount of electricity that can be discharged from the four capacitors 12 in the time zone of instantaneous reserve power transmission processing is an amount of electricity equivalent to 170% SOC. Accordingly, the total amount of electricity that can be discharged in the time zone of the instantaneous reserve power transmission process increases.

  Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, since there are four vehicles 10, 10 a to 10 d, that can repeatedly charge and discharge the capacitor 12 in the frequency adjustment process, the power of the capacitor 12 is used in the frequency adjustment process. Thus, the total amount of electricity that can be transferred between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 is increased as compared with the comparative example.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment that executes the SOC variation reduction process, the power that can be transmitted from the power transmission management device 1 to the power system 30 using the power of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 in the instantaneous reserve power supply operation. In the frequency adjustment process, the amount of power that can be exchanged between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 using the power of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 can be increased.

  Therefore, the profit which the operator of the electric power transmission management apparatus 1 acquires can be improved. Eventually, the operator of the power transmission management device 1 can further reduce the unit cost (payment cost per unit charge amount) of the charging cost due to charging of each storage battery 12 of the power usage target vehicle 10, or It is possible to further increase the unit price of the charge (the price per unit discharge amount) due to the discharge of each battery 12 of the vehicle 10. As a result, the consideration acquired by the user of the vehicle 10 can be further increased, or the user's payment cost can be further suppressed.

  In the embodiment described above, in the SOC variation reducing process, the increase in value per unit discharge amount of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 to be discharged and the value per unit charge amount of the battery 12 of the vehicle 10 to be charged are set. The amount of decrease (burden) was set to the same value. However, for example, the increase in value per unit discharge amount may be larger than the decrease in value per unit charge amount.

  Further, in the SOC variation reducing process, the increase in value per unit discharge amount of the battery 12 of the discharge target vehicle 10 is set to be larger than the price per unit discharge amount of the battery 12 in the instantaneous reserve power transmission process, for example. Also good.

  By doing in this way, since the user of the discharge target vehicle 10 in the SOC variation reduction process can acquire more consideration, the cost merit can be increased. As a result, the number of vehicles 10 participating in the system (V2G system) of the present embodiment can be increased.

  As a result, the amount of power that can be transmitted between the power transmission management device 1 and the power system 30 can be further increased. As a result, the profit which the operator of the electric power transmission management apparatus 1 can acquire can be increased.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the case where the transport apparatus was the vehicle 10 was demonstrated as an example. However, the transport device in the present invention may be a transport device other than the vehicle 10, for example, a ship, a rail vehicle, or a parts transport vehicle in a production line.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electric power transmission management apparatus, 1a ... 2nd connection part, 1b ... 1st connection part, 3 ... Control part, 3a ... Recording part, 10 ... Vehicle (transportation equipment), 12 ... Electric storage device, 30 ... Electric power system.

Claims (11)

A first connection part to which a capacitor mounted in each of a plurality of transport devices is electrically connected;
A second connection portion that is capable of transmitting power to and from the first connection portion and is electrically connected to an external power system;
With each capacitor of the plurality of transport devices connected to the first connection portion, power transmission between the first connection portion and the second connection portion, and each capacitor of the plurality of transport devices A control unit capable of executing control processing related to power transmission between each other,
The controller is
While having a function of acquiring charging state information indicating a charging rate of each storage device of the plurality of transport devices, and power system request information indicating a request for input / output of power in the power system,
A function of executing a first control process for controlling power transmission between the first connection unit and the second connection unit according to the power system request information;
When it is determined based on the state of charge information that the degree of mutual variation of the charging rate of each of the plurality of transport devices is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the variation precedes the first control process. A function of executing a second control process for controlling power transmission between the respective capacitors of the two or more transport devices among the plurality of transport devices so as to reduce the degree. A power transmission management device characterized by comprising: The power transmission management device according to claim 1,
When the control unit executes the first control process, among the capacitors of each of the plurality of transport devices, the controller discharges the capacitors whose charging rate indicated by the charge state information is lower than a predetermined first threshold value. It is comprised so that the said 1st control processing may be performed in the aspect which does not have, The electric power transmission management apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. In the power transmission management device according to claim 1 or 2,
When the control unit executes the first control process, among the capacitors of each of the plurality of transport devices, the controller charges a capacitor whose charging rate indicated by the charge state information is higher than a predetermined second threshold value. It is comprised so that the said 1st control processing may be performed in the aspect which does not have, The electric power transmission management apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. In the electric power transmission management apparatus of any one of Claims 1-3,
The control unit, when executing the second control process, transmits a discharge command to a transport device that discharges a capacitor among the two or more transport devices, and issues a charge command to a transport device that charges the capacitor. A power transmission management device configured to have a transmission function. In the electric power transmission management device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
When the control unit executes the second control process, the transport unit on which the capacitor having the maximum charge rate among the charge rates of the respective capacitors of the plurality of transport devices is mounted, and the minimum charge rate is set. Power transmission management, wherein the two or more transportation devices are selected so that the two or more transportation devices are preferentially included in the two or more transportation devices. apparatus. In the electric power transmission management apparatus of any one of Claims 1-5,
When the control unit executes the second control process, among the two or more transport devices, the number of transport devices that charge the capacitors is larger than the number of transport devices that discharge the capacitors. The power transmission management device is configured to select the two or more transportation devices. In the electric power transmission management device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Further comprising a recording unit that cumulatively records the value for each of the transport devices for the discharge or charge of each of the plurality of transport devices,
The said control part is comprised so that it may further have the function to increase the said value corresponding to each transport apparatus which charged or discharged the capacitor | condenser by the said 1st control process among these transport apparatuses. A power transmission management device characterized by the above. The power transmission management device according to claim 7, wherein
The control unit is configured to further have a function of increasing the value corresponding to each transport device that has discharged a capacitor by the second control process among the plurality of transport devices. A power transmission management device. The power transmission management device according to claim 8,
The control unit is configured to further have a function of reducing the value corresponding to each transport device that has charged a capacitor by the second control process among the plurality of transport devices. A power transmission management device. The power transmission management device according to claim 8 or 9,
The controller controls the increment of the value per unit discharge amount corresponding to each transport device that has discharged the capacitor by the second control process, and each transport that has discharged the capacitor by the first control process. A power transmission management device configured to be larger than the increase in value per unit discharge amount related to a device. A power transmission method in a power transmission management device in which a battery mounted in each of a plurality of transportation devices and an external power system are electrically connected,
A first step of performing power transmission between a storage device of one or more transport devices of the plurality of transport devices and the power system in response to a request for input / output of power in the power system;
When the mutual variation degree of the charging rate of each of the storage devices of the plurality of transportation devices is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, prior to the first step, the plurality of transportation devices are configured to reduce the variation degree. And a second step of performing power transmission between the respective capacitors of two or more of the transportation devices.