JP6305859B2 - Nondestructive inspection method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a nondestructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a broken portion of a reinforcing bar provided in a reinforced concrete structure such as a bridge, a building, or a concrete pole.

Conventionally, a nondestructive inspection method for detecting a fracture portion of a reinforcing bar provided in a concrete body is known.
For example, in the nondestructive inspection method described in Japanese Patent No. 3734822 (Patent Document 1), the permanent magnet is moved on the surface of the concrete along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected embedded in the concrete. Then, the reinforcing bar is magnetized, and then the magnetic flux density leaking from the surface of the concrete is measured, and the differential value of the obtained measurement value is calculated to detect the presence or absence of the breaking of the reinforcing bar.

  However, in general, a large number of reinforcing bars having different positions and arrangement directions are embedded in the concrete body. For this reason, when the magnetism of the reinforcing bar to be inspected is detected by the magnetic sensor outside the concrete body, the magnetism from reinforcing bars other than the reinforcing bar to be inspected is often detected simultaneously. However, in the nondestructive inspection method described in Patent Document 1, since there is no means for removing the influence of magnetism emitted from other than the inspection target reinforcing bars, the detection of the fractured portion lacks accuracy. There is a fear.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-130552 (Patent Document 2) magnetizes the inspection target rebar by moving the magnet on the surface of the concrete along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar embedded in the concrete. Next, the magnet to be inspected is remagnetized by moving the magnet along the longitudinal direction of the inspected reinforcing bar at a position away from the magnetized position of the inspecting reinforcing bar, and then the surface of the concrete Describes a non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of breakage of a rebar to be inspected by measuring the magnetic flux density leaking from the steel.

  According to such an inspection method, when the concrete cover on the inspection reinforcing bar is shallow, accurate fracture detection that occurs from the inspection target reinforcing bar due to the distance between the magnet and the inspection reinforcing bar being too close during magnetization. It is possible to reduce the magnetism that becomes an obstacle. However, it is not described that the influence of magnetism emitted from other than the inspection target reinforcing bars can be removed.

Japanese Patent No. 3734822 JP 2013-130552 A

As described above, the conventional non-destructive inspection method has a problem that the influence of magnetism emitted from reinforcing bars other than the inspection target reinforcing bars cannot be removed, and has a problem in terms of detection accuracy of a fractured portion.
Therefore, the present invention has a large installation quantity among the reinforcing bars other than the inspection target reinforcing bars, and reduces the magnetic effect of the crossing reinforcing bars provided substantially orthogonal to the inspection target reinforcing bars, and the inspection target reinforcing bars have a fracture portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nondestructive inspection method capable of detecting the presence or absence of a rupture portion very accurately by utilizing the property of the change in magnetic flux density that appears characteristically.

In the first invention of the present application, both the reinforcing bars are magnetized by magnets from the outside of the concrete body in which the reinforcing bars to be inspected and the crossed reinforcing bars intersecting the reinforcing bars to be inspected are embedded, and then the outside of the concrete body by the magnetic sensor. By measuring the magnetic flux density, a non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a broken portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar,
The magnetized surface of the magnet is placed close to the surface of the concrete body so that both magnetic poles of the magnet are along the longitudinal direction of the inspection object reinforcing bar, and then the magnet is moved along the longitudinal direction of the inspection object reinforcing bar. A main magnetizing step of removing the magnet after magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by
The magnetized surface of the magnet at a predetermined position separated from the position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetizing step by a distance D or more obtained by the method for determining the distance D described later in the width direction of the inspection reinforcing bar, The magnets are arranged close to the surface of the concrete body so that the relative positions of the two magnetic poles are the same as in the main magnetizing step, and then the magnets are moved along the longitudinal direction of the rebar to be inspected. Subsequent magnetizing process to remove the magnet after re-magnetizing the reinforcing bar,
After arranging the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, by appropriately moving or measuring the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar without moving, a magnetic flux density measuring step;
It is a nondestructive inspection method characterized by including the fracture | rupture part detection process of detecting the presence or absence of the fracture | rupture part of the said test object reinforcing bar based on the magnetic flux density measured at the magnetic flux density measurement process.

The “distance D determination method” is as follows.
When the S-pole side direction in the straight line connecting the center portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is the X direction, the magnetized surface of the magnet is parallel to the magnetized surface when facing downward, and the left side in the X direction The direction perpendicular to the Y direction is the Y direction, the direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction, and the direction of the magnetized surface side of the magnet is the Z direction.
In such a case, the position separated from the magnetized surface of the magnet by 100 mm from the center position of the straight line connecting the central portions of the two magnetic poles of the magnet in the Z direction is defined as P1, and separated from the position P1 in the Y direction, A position where the X direction component of the magnetic flux density shows a value of about ¼ of the X direction component of the magnetic flux density at the position P1 is determined as P2, and the separation distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is determined as “distance D”.

  When magnetizing a reinforcing bar in the main magnetizing step and the subsequent magnetizing step of the first invention, in order to arrange the magnetized surface of the magnet close to the surface of the concrete body, the magnetized surface of the magnet is placed on the surface of the concrete body. It is only necessary to temporarily approach a predetermined position in the vicinity, and it is not always necessary to bring the magnetized surface of the magnet into direct contact with the surface of the concrete body, and it is not necessary to be stationary.

  Here, the magnetized surface of the magnet refers to the one surface of the magnet that is closest to the concrete body when the reinforcing bar is magnetized. Such a magnetized surface is not limited to a single plane as long as both magnetic poles of the magnet can be aligned with the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected.

Further, the position at which the magnet is disposed in the main magnetizing process and the position at which the magnet is disposed in the subsequent magnetizing process need to be separated from each other by “distance D” or more. It is an eigenvalue determined for each magnet that differs depending on the shape and size of the magnet. Therefore, the value of “distance D” needs to be obtained by the “determination method of distance D” for each magnet.
In the main magnetizing step and the subordinate magnetizing step, the magnet is moved by a substantially parallel track at a position separated by “distance D” or more. In order to perform the operation easily and accurately, for example, a concrete body A guide rail may be provided on the surface, or marking may be performed.

  Next, in the magnetic flux density measurement step, in order to place the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, the magnetic sensor can be temporarily brought close to a predetermined position near the surface of the concrete body as in the case of the magnet. What is necessary is just to contact the surface of a concrete body directly, and it is not necessary to make it still.

However, in order to obtain the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target reinforcing bar, it is necessary to measure the magnetic flux density up to the inspection range of the fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar and, if necessary, the peripheral range.
For this purpose, the magnetic flux density may be measured while appropriately moving one or a plurality of magnetic sensors. For example, the magnetic sensor is moved near the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected. Magnetic flux density can be measured. Alternatively, the magnetic sensor disposed on the surface of the concrete body is moved back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar while being close to the concrete body surface, and gradually shifted in the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar. Thus, the magnetic flux density of the inspection target reinforcing bar can be measured, and the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target reinforcing bar can be calculated from the measurement result.

  For example, when using a long magnetic sensor unit in which a large number of magnetic sensors are connected in a straight line, the magnetic sensor unit is placed on the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected. The magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected can be measured only by placing them close to each other and without moving them thereafter.

  Further, the second invention of the present application is the nondestructive inspection method according to the first invention, wherein the secondary magnetizing step is performed in the width direction of the inspection reinforcing bar from the position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetizing step. It is characterized in that it is performed at a predetermined position between a position separated by the “distance D” and a position further separated by 400 mm in the same direction from the position.

Next, the third invention of the present application is to magnetize both the reinforcing bars by magnets from the outside of the concrete body in which the reinforcing bars to be inspected and the crossing reinforcing bars intersecting the reinforcing bars to be inspected are embedded, and then the concrete body by the magnetic sensor. Is a non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar by measuring the magnetic flux density outside
When the length of a straight line connecting the central portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is substantially equal to or greater than the length of the inspection target portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar, the magnet's magnetic poles are inspected by the magnetic poles of the magnet. A main magnetizing step of removing the magnet after magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by placing them close to the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the target reinforcing bars,
The magnetized surface of the magnet at a predetermined position separated from the position where the magnet is disposed in the main magnetizing step by a distance D or more determined by the method for determining the distance D in the width direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected. Subsequent magnetization of removing the magnet after remagnetizing the rebars by placing them close to the surface of the concrete body so that the relative positions of the magnetic poles of the magnet are the same as the main magnetizing step. Process,
After arranging the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, by appropriately moving or measuring the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar without moving, a magnetic flux density measuring step;
It is a nondestructive inspection method characterized by including the fracture | rupture part detection process of detecting the presence or absence of the fracture | rupture part of the said test object reinforcing bar based on the magnetic flux density measured at the magnetic flux density measurement process.

The third invention is different from the first invention in that a long magnet is used in the main magnetization process and the secondary magnetization process.
That is, in the third aspect of the invention, the length of the straight line connecting the central portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet (hereinafter also referred to as “both magnetic pole center lines”) is substantially equal to or longer than the length of the inspection target portion of the inspection target rebar. A main magnetizing process in which both magnetic poles are arranged close to the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected, and then magnetized without moving the magnet; And a magnetizing step.

  Furthermore, a fourth invention of the present application is the non-destructive inspection method according to the third invention, wherein a secondary magnetization process is performed in a width direction of the inspection reinforcing bar from a position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetization process. It is characterized in that it is performed at a predetermined position between a position separated by the “distance D” and a position further separated by 400 mm in the same direction from the position.

Next, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, both the reinforcing bars are magnetized by magnets from the outside of the concrete body in which the reinforcing bars to be inspected and the crossing reinforcing bars intersecting the reinforcing bars to be inspected are embedded, and then the concrete body is detected by a magnetic sensor. Is a non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar by measuring the magnetic flux density outside
When the length of a straight line connecting the central portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is substantially equal to or greater than the length of the inspection target portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar, the magnet's magnetic poles are inspected by the magnetic poles of the magnet. A main magnetizing step of magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by placing them close to the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the target reinforcing bars;
Magnetization of the magnet arranged in the main magnetizing step to a predetermined position separated from the arrangement position by the “distance D” determined by the “distance D determination method” in the width direction of the rebar to be inspected. Subsequent magnetizing step of removing the magnet after re-magnetizing the rebars by moving the surface substantially parallel to the surface of the concrete body.
After arranging the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, by appropriately moving or measuring the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar without moving, a magnetic flux density measuring step;
It is a nondestructive inspection method characterized by including the fracture | rupture part detection process of detecting the presence or absence of the fracture | rupture part of the said test object reinforcing bar based on the magnetic flux density measured at the magnetic flux density measurement process.

The fifth invention is different from the third invention in that the long magnet is substantially translated in a series of operations from the main magnetizing process to the subordinate magnetizing process.
That is, the fifth invention uses a long magnet in which the length of both magnetic pole center lines of the magnet is substantially equal to or greater than the length of the inspection target portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar, as in the third invention, The magnetic pole has a main magnetizing step in which the magnetic poles are arranged close to the surface of the concrete body so as to be along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected. Further, unlike the third invention, the magnetic poles are arranged in the main magnetizing step. There is a secondary magnetizing step in which the long magnet is substantially translated to a predetermined position separated by “distance D” or more.

  The sixth invention of the present application is the nondestructive inspection method according to the fifth invention, wherein the invention described in claim 6 of the present invention is arranged in the main magnetizing step. The magnet is moved to a predetermined position between a position separated by “distance D” in the width direction of the rebar to be inspected and a position further separated by 400 mm from the position in the same direction. It is characterized in that after the magnets are magnetized again by parallel translation while being brought close to the surface of the concrete body, a subsequent magnetizing step is performed by removing the magnets.

Next, a seventh invention of the present application is the nondestructive inspection method according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, wherein the magnetic flux density is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the inspection reinforcing bar in the magnetic flux density measurement step. Measure ingredients,
It is characterized by including a breakage detection step for detecting the presence or absence of a breakage portion of the inspection reinforcing bar based on the vertical component of the magnetic flux density measured in the magnetic flux density measurement step.

  Here, the vertical component of the magnetic flux density is a component in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the concrete body in the magnetic flux density.

  Next, according to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the nondestructive inspection method according to any one of the first to seventh aspects of the invention, a differential value or a differential approximation value of the magnetic flux density is calculated in the fracture portion detection step, The differential value or the differential approximation value is compared with a predetermined threshold value, and the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar is detected.

  According to the nondestructive inspection method according to the first invention of the present application, after magnetizing the reinforcing bar to be inspected and the crossed reinforcing bar which is not the inspection object by the main magnetizing process, the main magnetizing process is performed. The magnetic flux density from the crossed reinforcing bar can be significantly reduced out of the magnetic flux density due to the magnetic flux respectively generated from the inspection target reinforcing bar and the crossed reinforcing bar magnetized by the magnetization process. Therefore, it is possible to accurately determine the change state of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux generated from the inspection target reinforcing bar, and the presence / absence of the fracture portion can be detected with high accuracy.

  Further, according to the nondestructive inspection method according to the second invention of the present application, the magnetic flux density from the crossed reinforcing bar is remarkably out of the magnetic flux density due to the magnetic flux generated from the reinforcing bar to be inspected and the crossed reinforcing bar magnetized by the main magnetization process. By making it small, the effect by the said 1st invention that the change state of the magnetic flux density from a test object reinforcing bar can be discriminate | determined more can be exhibited more reliably.

  According to the nondestructive inspection method according to the third invention of the present application, the same effect as the nondestructive inspection method according to the first invention is achieved, and further, in the main magnetizing step and the subordinate magnetizing step, the magnet is used. Since it is not necessary to move the magnetized surface close to the surface of the concrete body and then move along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected, both magnetization steps can be carried out efficiently in a short time.

  Further, according to the nondestructive inspection method according to the fourth invention of the present application, the magnetic flux density from the crossed reinforcing bar is remarkable among the magnetic flux density due to the magnetic flux respectively generated from the reinforcing bar to be inspected and the crossed reinforcing bar magnetized by the main magnetization process. By making it smaller, the effect common to the first and third inventions of being able to more accurately determine the magnetic flux density from the reinforcing bar to be inspected can be more reliably exhibited.

  According to the nondestructive inspection method according to the fifth invention of the present application, the same effect as the nondestructive inspection method according to the third invention is achieved, and further, a series of steps from the main magnetizing process to the subordinate magnetizing process. The operation is completed simply by moving the magnet approximately parallel to the width direction of the rebar to be inspected while keeping its magnetized surface close to the surface of the concrete body. be able to.

  Further, according to the nondestructive inspection method according to the sixth invention of the present application, the magnetic flux density from the crossed reinforcing bar is remarkable among the magnetic flux density caused by the magnetic flux respectively generated from the inspection target reinforcing bar and the crossed reinforcing bar magnetized by the main magnetization process. By making it smaller, the effect common to the first, third, and fifth inventions of being able to more accurately determine the magnetic flux density from the inspection target reinforcing bar can be more reliably exhibited.

  According to the nondestructive inspection method according to the seventh invention of the present application, when measuring the magnetic flux density in the magnetic flux density measuring step, the magnetic flux density from the crossed reinforcing bars is captured more clearly by measuring the vertical component. It is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of a broken portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar.

Further, according to the nondestructive inspection method according to the eighth invention of the present application, by obtaining a differential value or a differential approximation value of the magnetic flux density calculated in the fracture portion detection step, for example, when these are represented in a graph Since the peak value appears with emphasis on the changing part of the magnetic flux density due to the existence of the fracture part in the reinforcing bar to be inspected, the peak value appears by comparing this peak value with a preset threshold value. The presence / absence can be detected more accurately.
In particular, when the “vertical component” of the magnetic flux density is measured as in the seventh invention, and the differential value or differential approximate value of the vertical component is calculated and represented in the graph, the peak value resulting from the fracture portion of the reinforcing bar Since one appears greatly, it is difficult for erroneous recognition to occur in the comparison between the peak value and the threshold value, so that the detection accuracy of the fracture portion can be further increased.

Further, calculating the differential value or differential approximate value of the magnetic flux density is nothing but obtaining the difference between the two magnetic flux densities at two adjacent locations or the average value, and thus was measured by the magnetic flux density measurement step. It is significant that the magnetic flux density caused by the environmental magnetic field such as geomagnetism contained in the magnetic flux density is subtracted and removed.
Therefore, by calculating the differential value or the differential approximation value, it is very convenient because it is not necessary to consider the magnetic flux density of the environmental magnetic field when providing a threshold value for comparison with these values. It can contribute to improvement of detection accuracy.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the X direction cross section at the time of arrange | positioning a magnet on the surface of the concrete body by which the main reinforcement (reinforcement object inspection) and three crossing reinforcing bars which do not contain a fracture | rupture part are embed | buried. Explanation showing a cross section in the X direction when a magnet arranged substantially directly above the main reinforcing bar is moved in the X direction on the surface of the concrete body in which the main reinforcing bar and the three crossing reinforcing bars are not embedded. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the Y direction cross section at the time of moving the magnet arrange | positioned on the surface of the concrete body with which the main reinforcement and the crossing reinforcement were embedded substantially right above the main reinforcement in the X direction (direction toward this side). is there. A cross section in the Y direction when a magnet arranged at a position 250 mm apart in the Y direction from a position substantially directly above the main rebar is moved in the X direction on the surface of the concrete body in which the main reinforcing bar and the crossing reinforcing bar are embedded is shown. It is explanatory drawing. A cross section in the Y direction when a magnet arranged at a position 500 mm apart in the Y direction from a position substantially directly above the main rebar is moved in the X direction on the surface of the concrete body in which the main reinforcing bar and the crossing reinforcing bar are embedded is shown. It is explanatory drawing. A cross section in the Y direction when a magnet arranged at a position 750 mm apart in the Y direction from a position substantially directly above the main reinforcing bar on the surface of the concrete body in which the main reinforcing bar and the crossing reinforcing bar are embedded is shown in the Y direction. It is explanatory drawing. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the perpendicular | vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body by which the main reinforcing bar which does not include a fracture | rupture part, and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a graph which shows the differential value of the perpendicular | vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body in which the main reinforcing bar which does not include a fracture | rupture part, and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body by which the main reinforcing bar which does not include a fracture | rupture part, and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a graph which shows the differential value of the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body in which the main reinforcing bar which does not include a fracture | rupture part, and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. Explanatory drawing which shows the X direction cross section at the time of moving the magnet arrange | positioned in the position substantially right above the main rebar on the surface of the concrete body in which the main rebar including the fracture part and three cross rebars are embedded. It is. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the magnetic flux on a magnetic field line and a concrete body surface when the main reinforcement containing a fracture | rupture part is magnetized. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the perpendicular | vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body with which the main reinforcement containing a fracture | rupture part and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a graph which shows the differential value of the perpendicular component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body with which the main reinforcement containing a fracture | rupture part and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body with which the main reinforcement containing a fracture | rupture part and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a graph which shows the differential value of the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the concrete body with which the main reinforcing bar containing a fracture | rupture part and seven crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the nondestructive inspection method of this invention. It is a Y direction section explanatory view showing an example of a subordinate magnetizing process. It is Y direction cross-section explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the subordinate magnetizing process. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the perpendicular component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossing reinforcing bar (cover thickness 100mm) in the concrete body after the main magnetization. A graph showing the measurement result of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossing reinforcing bars (cover thickness of 100 mm) in the concrete when secondary magnetization is performed at a position 100 mm apart in the Y direction after main magnetization. is there. A graph showing the measurement results of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bars (cover thickness 100 mm) in the concrete when the secondary magnetization is performed at a position 200 mm apart in the Y direction after the main magnetization. is there. A graph showing the measurement result of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bars (cover thickness 100 mm) in the concrete when the secondary magnetization is performed at a position 400 mm apart in the Y direction after the main magnetization. is there. A graph showing the measurement result of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bars (cover thickness 100 mm) in the concrete body when secondary magnetization is performed at a position 600 mm apart in the Y direction after main magnetization. is there. A graph showing the measurement result of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossing reinforcing bars (cover thickness 75 mm) in the concrete body when secondary magnetization is performed at a position 200 mm apart in the Y direction after main magnetization. is there. A graph showing the measurement result of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bars (cover thickness 75 mm) in the concrete when the secondary magnetization is performed at a position 400 mm apart in the Y direction after the main magnetization. is there. A graph showing the measurement result of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bars (cover thickness 75mm) in the concrete body when secondary magnetization is performed at a position 600mm apart in the Y direction after main magnetization. is there. It is a side view which shows an example of a rectangular parallelepiped magnet. It is a top view of the said rectangular parallelepiped magnet. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relative positional relationship of a magnet and the position P1. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relative positional relationship of a magnet, the position P1, and the position P2. It is a graph which shows the magnetic flux density along the X direction straight line separated from the magnetization surface of the magnet by 100 mm in the Z direction, and the magnetic flux density along the parallel line separated from the X direction straight line by a predetermined distance in the Y direction. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a U-shaped magnet. It is explanatory drawing which shows the X direction cross section at the time of arrange | positioning a elongate magnet in the substantially right position of a main reinforcing bar on the surface of the concrete body by which the main reinforcing bar containing a fracture | rupture part and three crossing reinforcing bars were embed | buried. It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of a nondestructive inspection apparatus.

  Embodiments of a nondestructive inspection method and a nondestructive inspection apparatus according to the present invention will be described below.

A: Principle of nondestructive inspection method
Aa: Main rebar and cross rebar The principle of the nondestructive inspection method according to the present invention will be described.
1 and 2 are views showing a cross section in the X direction of a concrete body 1 in which a main reinforcing bar (inspection reinforcing bar) 2 that does not include a fracture portion is embedded, and FIGS. It is a figure which shows the X direction cross section of the concrete body 1 in which the certain main reinforcement 2 (2N, 2P) was embed | buried, In these figures, in the concrete body 1, the main reinforcement 2 which is a test object, and this main reinforcement 2 The crossing reinforcing bars 3 that are not to be inspected and are arranged substantially orthogonal to each other are embedded.

  Here, the reinforcing bar is not limited to a round steel having a round cross-sectional shape frequently used for a general reinforced concrete structure or a deformed steel bar having protrusions on its surface, but a rectangular cross-sectional shape, other polygonal steel, H It may be a shape steel. Moreover, the inside of the pipe used for water flow or ventilation may be a hollow steel pipe, and further, PC steel material such as PC steel rod, PC steel wire or PC steel twisted wire used for prestressed concrete construction method, or these inside It may be a sheath tube used through a PC steel material in the sheath tube.

Ab: When the main reinforcing bar has no fracture
A-b-1: The case where there is no fracture portion in the magnetized main rebar 2 of the rebar by the magnet will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the magnet 5 is placed on the surface 1 </ b> A of the concrete body 1 so that both magnetic poles are along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2, and the N pole is on the left side of the figure and the S pole is on the right side of the figure. If the magnetized surfaces 5A are arranged close to each other, the main rebar 2 is magnetized to the S pole on the left side of the figure and to the N pole on the right side of the figure due to the influence of the magnetic force lines 51 from the magnet 5, so Produces a magnetic flux 2A oriented in the X direction. Further, the portion near the magnet 5 of the cross rebar 3L on the left side of the figure is magnetized to the south pole by the influence of the magnetic field lines 51, so that a magnetic flux 3LA directed in the Z direction is generated on the concrete body surface 1A. Since the portion of the reinforcing bar 3R close to the magnet 5 is magnetized to the N pole, a magnetic flux 3RA directed in the -Z direction is generated on the concrete body 1A.

Here, the position where the magnet 5 is arranged is preferably a position where the separation distance between the magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 and the main rebar 2 is the shortest in order to sufficiently magnetize the main rebar 2 to be inspected. In such an example, the magnet 5 is positioned just above the main rebar 2 on the surface 1A of the concrete body 1 (that is, the position of the magnet 5 in the Y direction is the same as the position of the main rebar 2 in the Y direction). It is preferable to arrange in.
However, if the distance between the magnet 5 and the main reinforcing bar 2 is too short, extra magnetism that hinders inspection may occur. If there is such a fear, the magnet 5 is slightly above the concrete body surface 1A. What is necessary is just to arrange | position in the separated position.
Further, the orientations of the two magnetic poles of the magnet 5 to be arranged may be the S pole on the left side and the N pole on the right side, contrary to the present embodiment.

  The magnet 5 in the present embodiment is a rectangular parallelepiped (100 mm in length, 100 mm in width, 60 mm in height) made of a rare earth metal such as Nd, but is not limited to this, for example, an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet. The shape is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped, and may be a U shape or a U shape. Further, the magnet 5 may be in a bare state as it is, but is housed in a case having a function for facilitating movement while being close to the surface of the concrete body, or is unitized by combining a plurality of magnets. There may be.

A-b-2: primary magnetizing Next, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a magnet 5 which is arranged substantially directly above the main reinforcement 2 on the concrete surface 1A, the main reinforcing bars 2 longitudinally (X "Main magnetization" by moving in the direction).
2 and 3 both show an implementation state of “main magnetization”, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section in the X direction that is the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 of the concrete body 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete body 1 in the Y direction, which is the width direction of the main rebar 2. The magnet 5 has its S pole on the near side of the figure and the N pole on the far side of the figure, and the X direction. The state moved toward (the direction from the back side to the near side in FIG. 3) is shown.
At this time, the main reinforcing bar 2 is magnetized to generate a magnetic flux 2A in the X direction. Further, a portion of the crossing reinforcing bar 3 that is located immediately below the trajectory to which the magnet 5 has moved is magnetized to the S pole under the influence of the N pole of the magnet 5 that has finally passed through the vicinity thereof. Therefore, the magnetic flux density is relatively large on the concrete body surface 1A above the portion magnetized to the S pole of the crossed rebar 3 (the portion of the crossed rebar 3 positioned directly above the main rebar 2). The magnetic flux 3A (3A1) is generated.

2 and 3, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the magnetic flux 3A (3A1) and the crossing rebar 3 are shown to overlap each other, but precisely, the magnetic flux 3A (3A1) is, for example, FIG. Is the magnetic flux in the Z direction generated on the concrete body surface 1A.
Similarly, in FIGS. 4 to 6, 11, 18, and 24, the magnetic flux 3 </ b> A and the magnetic fluxes 3 </ b> A <b> 1 to 3 </ b> A <b> 4 that are represented so as to overlap with the crossing rebar 3 are exactly the concrete above the crossing rebar 3. Magnetic flux generated on the body surface 1A.
In addition, the direction of the arrow showing each magnetic flux has shown the direction of each magnetic flux.

  Here, the trajectory for moving the magnet 5 does not necessarily have to be directly above the main rebar 2. Similarly, the description “along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar” does not necessarily mean that it should always be along the reinforcing bar. However, in order to sufficiently magnetize the main reinforcing bar 2 to be inspected, it is desirable that the moving trajectory has the shortest separation distance between the magnet 5 and the main reinforcing bar 2, and in the example of FIGS. 2 and 3, It is desirable to move the magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 close to the concrete body surface 1A and move it directly above the main rebar 2 along its longitudinal direction.

A curve B0 shown in the graph of FIG. 7 shows the “main magnetization” in the same manner as in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3 in the concrete body 1 in which the main reinforcing bar 2 and the seven crossing reinforcing bars 3 not including the fracture portion are embedded. ”To magnetize the main rebar 2 and the crossed rebar 3, and then use a magnetic sensor (not shown) to vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2 on the concrete body surface 1 A. The result of having measured (component of Z direction or -Z direction) is shown.
That is, this curve B0 represents the change according to the X direction position of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A along the longitudinal direction directly above the main rebar 2 after main magnetization.
Here, the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 7 represents the position (unit: mm) in the X direction of the concrete body surface 1A, and the vertical axis represents the vertical component (unit: μT) of the magnetic flux density at the position. ing.

A total of seven cross rebars 3 are embedded in each position of −750 mm, −500 mm, −250 mm, 0 mm, 250 mm, 500 mm, and 750 mm on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. In the curve B0, a downward convex portion appears.
In the example of FIG. 7, the main reinforcing bar 2 is a reinforcing bar (deformed bar) having a diameter of 16 mm, and the concrete cover thickness is 150 mm. Moreover, the crossing reinforcing bar 3 is a reinforcing bar (deformed bar) with a diameter of 13 mm embedded so as to be substantially orthogonal to the main reinforcing bar 2, and the cover thickness of the concrete is 112 mm. Moreover, the concrete cover thickness is the shortest distance from the surface of the concrete body to the surface of the reinforced steel bar.

A-b-3: minor magnetization Next, as shown in FIG. 4, from the position directly above the main reinforcement 2 on the concrete surface 1A, and 250mm apart in the Y direction is the width direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 position In FIG. 2, the magnet 5 is arranged in the same direction as in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3 and then moved in the X direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2, to perform “subsequent magnetization”. .
Then, as in the case of the main magnetization, the portion of the crossing rebar 3 that is located directly below the trajectory to which the magnet 5 has moved is affected by the N pole of the magnet 5 that has finally passed through the vicinity thereof. Since it is magnetized to the S pole, a Z-direction magnetic flux 3A2 having a relatively high magnetic flux density is generated on the concrete body surface 1A above the portion magnetized to the S pole of the crossed reinforcing bar 3. At the same time, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 generated from the portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 located immediately above the main reinforcing bar 2 by the main magnetization is significantly reduced.

Here, the reason why the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 is reduced is as follows.
In general, when a part of a long rebar is magnetized to the south pole, the rebar has the properties of a magnet, and the peripheral part of the rebar that is magnetized to the south pole will be magnetized to the opposite north pole. This produces the action. Therefore, when the secondary magnetization is performed, the portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 located immediately below the moving trajectory of the magnet 5 is magnetized to the south pole, and a magnetic flux 3A2 having a relatively high magnetic flux density is generated. In the part that is already magnetized to the S pole by the main magnetization of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 separated by 250 mm in the Y direction (the part that is located directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3), the magnetization to the opposite N pole It is considered that the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 generated from this portion is reduced because the magnetic field of the south pole is reduced by the action.

  In the example of FIG. 4, when the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A is measured using a magnetic sensor (not shown), a curve B25 shown in the graph of FIG. 7 is obtained. It is done. This curve B25 shows a gentle upward rising shape as a whole because the height difference of the downward convex shape portion is smaller than that of the curve B0.

  In the example of FIG. 5, “main magnetization” is performed by the same method as in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, and “subordinate magnetization” is performed by the same method as in the example of FIG. After the magnet is magnetized, the magnet 5 is placed at a position 500 mm away from the position directly above the main rebar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A in the Y direction, and the direction of both magnetic poles is made the same as in the example of FIG. This is a case where “second secondary magnetization” is performed by moving in the X direction, which is the longitudinal direction of 2.

In such a case, the magnetic flux 3A1 emitted from the portion located above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is more than the magnetic flux 3A1 (see FIG. 3) emitted from the same portion after the “main magnetization”. The magnitude of the magnetic flux density is remarkably reduced, and the direction of the magnetic flux is the opposite −Z direction.
This is because by performing the second secondary magnetization, the portion of the crossing rebar 3 located directly below the moving trajectory of the magnet 5 is magnetized to the south pole, and a magnetic flux 3A3 having a relatively large magnetic flux density is generated. This is because the portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 that is located immediately above the main reinforcing bar 2 that is 500 mm away from the −Y direction receives a magnetizing action to the opposite N pole. In this crossed reinforcing bar 3 portion, the S pole magnetism having a small magnetic flux density remained after the secondary magnetization (first time), but the magnetization to the N pole due to the second secondary magnetization was performed. By receiving the action, it is considered that the south pole magnetism disappeared and the north pole magnetism was reversed.

  In addition, in this invention, when comparing the magnitude | size of magnetic flux density, unless it refuses, the positive / negative direction of the magnetic flux shall not be considered. That is, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density is determined based on the absolute value in principle.

  In the example of FIG. 5, when the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A is measured using the magnetic sensor, a curve B50 shown in the graph of FIG. 7 is obtained. . The curve B50 is different from the curves B0 and B25 in the direction in which the convex portion appears, and is, for example, −750 mm, −500 mm, −250 mm, 0 mm, 250 mm, 500 mm on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. An upward convex portion appears at the position where the crossing reinforcing bars 3 are buried.

  In the example of FIG. 6, “main magnetization” is performed in the same manner as in the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, and “subordinate magnetization” and “second subordination” are performed in the same manner as in the examples of FIGS. After the main rebar 2 and the crossed rebar 3 are magnetized by performing “magnetization”, the magnet 5 is placed on both sides of the magnetic pole 5 at a position 750 mm away from the position directly above the main rebar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A in the Y direction. Is the same as in the example of FIG. 4 and is moved in the X direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2, to perform “third secondary magnetization”.

In such a case, the magnetic flux 3A1 emitted from the portion located above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is more than the magnetic flux 3A1 (see FIG. 3) emitted from the same portion after the “main magnetization”. The magnitude of the magnetic flux density is remarkably reduced, and the direction of the magnetic flux is the opposite −Z direction.
This is because the sub-magnetization is performed for the third time, so that the portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 located immediately below the moving trajectory of the magnet 5 is magnetized to the south pole, and a magnetic flux 3A4 in the Z direction having a relatively large magnetic flux density is generated. For this reason, the portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 that is located immediately above the main reinforcing bar 2 that is separated by 750 mm in the −Y direction is subjected to the magnetization action to the opposite N pole.

  Furthermore, although N pole magnetism with a small magnetic flux density remains after the second secondary magnetization in the portion directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 (see FIG. 5), this 3 After the second secondary magnetization, the magnetic flux density is further reduced. This is because the third secondary magnetization is performed at a position 250 mm further away in the Y direction than the second secondary magnetization, and therefore, the N pole with respect to the portion directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossing reinforcing bar 3 is used. This is thought to be due to the decay of the magnetizing action force.

  In the example of FIG. 6, when the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete surface 1A is measured using a magnetic sensor, a curve B75 shown in the graph of FIG. 7 is obtained. . The curve B75 has the same appearance direction as the curve B50, but the height difference is smaller, and the curve B75 shows a generally gentle upward shape.

Ac: When there is a fracture in the main reinforcing bar
A-c-1: primary magnetizing Next, the case where there is a break portion in the main reinforcing bar 2.
FIG. 11 shows a cross section in the X direction of the concrete body 1 when the main reinforcing bar 2 has a fracture H.

First, as shown in FIG. 11, on the concrete body surface 1A along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bars 2 (2N and 2P), the magnet 5 with the N pole on the left side and the S pole on the right side of the main reinforcing bar 2N After being arranged at a position almost directly above, it is moved in the X direction to perform “main magnetization”, and the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P and the crossing reinforcing bar 3 are magnetized. Then, portions other than the rupture portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 are magnetized, but the rupture portion H is not magnetized, and the main rebar 2N located on the negative side in the X direction with the rupture portion H as the origin position has X A magnetic flux 2AN in the direction is generated, and a magnetic flux 2AP in the X direction is generated in the main reinforcing bar 2P located on the positive side in the X direction.
Further, a portion of the crossing reinforcing bar 3 that is located immediately below the trajectory to which the magnet 5 has moved is magnetized to the S pole under the influence of the N pole of the magnet 5 that has finally passed through the vicinity thereof. Therefore, a magnetic flux 3A in the Z direction is generated on the concrete body surface 1A above the portion magnetized to the south pole of the crossed rebar 3 (the portion of the crossed rebar 3 positioned immediately above the main rebar 2).

  In FIG. 11, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the magnetic flux 3A and the crossing reinforcing bar 3 are shown to overlap each other, but the magnetic flux 3A is precisely the magnetic flux in the Z direction generated on the concrete surface 1A. .

  FIG. 12 shows the state of the lines of magnetic force generated from the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P after the main magnetization. The magnetic lines of force 61 are generated from the main reinforcing bar 2N, and the magnetic lines of force 62 are generated from the main reinforcing bar 2P. In this case, a magnetic flux 6N1 in the Z direction is generated on the concrete body surface 1A above the left end of the main reinforcing bar 2N, while a magnetic flux 6N2 opposite to 6N1 is generated above the right end of the main reinforcing bar 2N. Further, a magnetic flux 6P1 in the Z direction is generated above the left end of the main reinforcing bar 2P, while a magnetic flux 6P2 opposite to 6P1 is generated above the right end of the main reinforcing bar 2P.

  Therefore, the vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A above the main reinforcing bar 2N is affected by the magnetic flux in the Z direction such as 6N1 near the end of the moving range of the magnet 5 away from the fracture H. It appears strongly, and at the position close to the fracture portion H, the influence of magnetic flux in the −Z direction such as 6N2 appears strongly. Similarly, the vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A above the main reinforcing bar 2P is influenced by the magnetic flux in the −Z direction like 6P2 in the vicinity of the end of the moving range of the magnet 5 away from the fracture portion H. Appears strongly, and at the position close to the fracture portion H, the influence of the magnetic flux in the Z direction as in 6P1 appears strongly.

Accordingly, when the vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A along the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P is measured, as shown in the graph of FIG. 13, the position of the fracture portion H (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph) , A curve having a large undulation due to a change in magnetic flux density is obtained.
As described above, when the main reinforcing bar 2 has the fracture portion H, the vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A changes abruptly. Therefore, by detecting this characteristic sudden change, The presence or absence can be determined.

  The example of FIG. 13 has the same conditions as the example of FIG. 7 except that the main reinforcing bar 2 has a fracture H at the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph. That is, the main rebar 2 is a 16 mm diameter rebar (deformed bar), the concrete cover thickness is 150 mm, the cross rebar 3 is a 13 mm diameter rebar (deformed bar), and the concrete cover thickness is 112 mm. In addition, the crossed reinforcing bars 3 are embedded in the respective positions of −750 mm, −500 mm, −250 mm, 0 mm, 250 mm, 500 mm, and 750 mm on the horizontal axis of the graph so that a total of seven bars are substantially orthogonal to the main reinforcing bar 2. Yes.

In the graph of FIG. 13, the curve G0 represents a magnet 5 with the N pole on the left and the S pole on the right on the concrete body surface 1A substantially above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P, as shown in FIG. When the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P and the crossed reinforcing bar 3 are magnetized by moving in the direction, the magnetic flux along the longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A The vertical component of density is shown.
In this curve G0, due to the influence of the magnetic flux generated from the crossing reinforcing bars 3, a large number of downward convex portions appear and the magnetic flux density changes suddenly in several places. It is difficult to accurately determine a sudden change in magnetic flux density.

A-c-2: minor magnetization Next, as shown in FIG. 4, from the position directly above the main reinforcement 2N and 2P on the concrete surface 1A, 250 mm apart in the Y direction is a longitudinal cross rebar 3 In this position, the magnet 5 is moved in the X direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P, with the direction of both magnetic poles being the same as in the examples of FIGS. Do.
Then, as in the case of the main magnetization, the portion of the crossing reinforcing bars 3 located immediately below the trajectory to which the magnet 5 has moved becomes the S pole under the influence of the N pole that has passed through the magnet 5 at the end. Since it is magnetized, a Z-direction magnetic flux 3A2 having a relatively high magnetic flux density is generated on the concrete surface 1A above the portion magnetized to the south pole of the crossed reinforcing bar 3. At the same time, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 generated from the main rebars 2N and 2P in the cross reinforcing bar 3 due to the main magnetization is significantly reduced.

Next, when the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A is measured using a magnetic sensor, a curve G25 shown in the graph of FIG. 13 is obtained.
The curve G25 is larger than the curve G0 except for a large upward convex portion appearing near −150 to −100 mm on the horizontal axis of the graph and a large downward convex portion appearing near 100 to 150 mm. The height difference of each convex shape part is small. This is because the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux generated from the portion directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is reduced by the secondary magnetization.

  Therefore, by performing “subsequent magnetization”, a large upward convex portion appearing in the vicinity of −150 to −100 mm on the horizontal axis of the curve G25 due to the fracture portion H of the main rebar 2; An abrupt change in magnetic flux density between the large downward convex portion appearing in the vicinity of 100 to 150 mm can be found more reliably, and the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of the fracture portion H can be increased.

  Further, a curve G50 in the graph of FIG. 13 shows a main curve on the surface 1A of the concrete body after magnetizing the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P and the crossed reinforcing bar 3 by performing the "main magnetization" and the "subordinate magnetization". By moving the magnet 5 in the X direction at the position 500 mm away from the position directly above the reinforcing bars 2N and 2P in the Y direction, the direction of both magnetic poles is the same as in the example of FIG. The vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A in the case of “magnetic” is shown.

  Similarly, a curve G75 in FIG. 13 shows the main main surface on the concrete body surface 1A after the “main magnetization”, “subordinate magnetization (first time)”, and “second submagnetization”. By moving the magnet 5 in the X direction at the position 750 mm away from the position directly above the reinforcing bars 2N and 2P in the Y direction, the direction of both magnetic poles is the same as in the example of FIG. The vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A in the case of “magnetic” is shown.

  Further, the curve G100 in the graph of FIG. 13 represents the above-mentioned “main magnetization”, “subordinate magnetization (first time)”, “second submagnetization”, and “third submagnetization”. After that, at a position 1000 mm apart in the Y direction from the position directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A, the magnet 5 is oriented in the X direction with the orientation of both magnetic poles the same as in the example of FIG. The vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A when the “fourth secondary magnetization” is performed by moving is shown.

  These curves G50, G75 and G100 all appear in the vicinity of −150 to −100 mm on the horizontal axis of the graph and a large upward convex portion appearing in the vicinity of the graph horizontal axis and in the vicinity of 100 to 150 mm, similarly to the curve G25. Except for the large downward convex portion, the height difference of each convex portion is smaller than that of the curve G0.

Furthermore, the height difference of each convex shape part of these curves becomes small in order of curve G0, G25, G50, G75, and G100. That is, “subordinate magnetization (first time)”, “second secondary magnetization”, “third secondary magnetization”, and “fourth secondary magnetization”, and multiple secondary magnetizations The main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A are sequentially separated from the position directly above the main reinforcing bars 2N and 2P on the concrete body surface 1A in the width direction (Y direction) of the reinforcing bars. The influence of the magnetic flux density from the crossing reinforcing bars 3 can be gradually reduced from the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction directly above.
Therefore, since the rapid change of the magnetic flux density caused by the broken portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 can be found more reliably, the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of the broken portion H can be increased.

B: Non-destructive inspection method
Ba: First Embodiment As shown in FIG. 17, the nondestructive inspection method according to the present invention includes a main magnetization step 101, a secondary magnetization step 102, a magnetic flux density measurement step 103, and a fracture portion detection step 104. It is an inspection method including.

B-a-1: Main magnetization process 101
First, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 11, the main magnetizing step 101 is a concrete body in which a main rebar 2 that is a rebar to be inspected and a cross rebar 3 that is not a test object that intersects the main rebar 2 are embedded. 1, the magnetized surface 5 </ b> A of the magnet 5 is disposed close to the surface 1 </ b> A of the concrete body 1 so that both magnetic poles of the magnet 5 are along the longitudinal direction (X direction) of the main rebar 2, and then the magnet 5 is This is a step of removing the magnet 5 after magnetizing the main reinforcing bar 2 and the crossed reinforcing bar 3 by moving along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bar 2. The relative positions of the two magnetic poles of the magnet 5 are the right side for the S pole and the left side for the N pole in FIGS.

  The main rebar 2 is magnetized by the main magnetizing step 101 to generate a magnetic flux 2A in the X direction. In addition, a portion of the crossing reinforcing bar 3 that is located immediately below the trajectory to which the magnet 5 has moved is magnetized to the S pole under the influence of the N pole that has passed through the magnet 5 at the end. Therefore, the magnetic flux density is relatively large on the concrete body surface 1A above the portion magnetized to the S pole of the crossed rebar 3 (the portion of the crossed rebar 3 positioned directly above the main rebar 2). 3A (3A1) is generated (see FIG. 3).

B-a-2: Subsequent magnetization process 102
Next, as shown in FIG. 18, the secondary magnetization process 102 is described later in the width direction (Y direction) of the main rebar 2 from the position where the magnet 5 is arranged in the main magnetization process 101. The magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 is placed close to the concrete body surface 1A so that the relative position of both magnetic poles of the magnet 5 is the same as that of the main magnetizing step 101 at a predetermined position separated by “distance D” obtained by Then, the magnet 5 is moved again along the longitudinal direction (X direction) of the main rebar 2 to magnetize the main rebar 2 and the crossed rebar 3 again, and then the magnet 5 is removed.

  As in the case of the main magnetizing step 101, the portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 that is located directly below the trajectory to which the magnet 5 has moved is the last magnet 5 that has passed through the vicinity thereof. Since the magnet is magnetized to the S pole under the influence of the N pole, the Z-direction magnetic flux 3A2 having a relatively high magnetic flux density is placed on the concrete body surface 1A above the portion magnetized to the S pole of the crossed reinforcing bar 3. Will occur. At the same time, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 generated from the portion directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 by the main magnetizing step 101 can be significantly reduced. (See FIG. 4).

  As described above, by appropriately performing the subsequent magnetizing step 102, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 generated from the portion directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 can be significantly reduced. It becomes possible to determine the density more accurately. Therefore, a sudden change in the magnetic flux density caused by the fracture portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 can be found more reliably, and the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of the fracture portion H can be increased.

  In the main magnetization step 101 and the secondary magnetization step 102, the magnet 5 is attached to the main reinforcement 2 in order to sufficiently magnetize the main rebar 2 or to sufficiently reduce the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux from the cross reinforcement 3. It may be reciprocated a plurality of times in the X direction and the −X direction along the longitudinal direction. However, in each magnetizing step, the direction in which the magnet 5 is moved last determines the direction of the magnetic flux 3A of the crossing reinforcing bar 3. For example, the last moving direction of the magnet 5 in the main magnetizing step 101 is the X direction. Then, the last moving direction of the magnet 5 in the subsequent magnetizing step 102 also needs to be the X direction.

B-a-3: Reduction of magnetic flux density by the secondary magnetizing step 102 As described above, the magnetic flux 3A1 generated from the portion directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossing reinforcing bar 2 can be obtained by appropriately performing the secondary magnetizing step 102. Although the magnetic flux density can be reduced and the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of the fracture portion H can be increased, it is important at what position the magnet 5 should be arranged in the subsequent magnetization process. .
In this regard, the inventor of the present application can reduce the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 (see FIG. 3) from the crossed reinforcing bar 3 generated as a result of the main magnetizing step 101 to about ½ or less. It is possible to determine the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux generated from the main rebar 2 almost accurately, and the empirical knowledge that a sudden change in the magnetic flux density caused by the fracture H of the main rebar 2 can be found almost certainly. Acquired.

  Here, an example in which the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux from the crossed reinforcing bar 3 generated as a result of the main magnetizing step 101 is reduced by the secondary magnetizing step 102 will be described based on the graphs of FIGS.

First, the curve shown in the graph of FIG. 20 shows that the magnet 5 is placed on the surface 1A of the concrete body 1 in which only the crossing reinforcing bar 3 extending in the Y direction is embedded and the main reinforcing bar 2 is not embedded, and the S pole is placed in the X direction. After the N pole is directed to the -X direction side and the magnetized surface 5A is arranged close to the concrete body surface 1A, the magnet 5 is moved in the X direction so as to pass right above the crossing rebar 3 at a substantially right angle. Shows the result of measuring the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction (Y direction) just above the crossing reinforcing bar 3 on the concrete body surface 1A by the magnetic sensor. ing.
Here, the position where the main magnetization is performed (the position where the magnet 5 crosses right above the crossing reinforcing bar 3) is the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph, and the vertical component of the magnetic flux density at this position is about −200 μT. It has become.

  In the example of FIG. 20, the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is a deformed steel bar having a diameter of 13 mm, and the cover thickness of the concrete is 100 mm. The magnet 5 used for magnetization is a permanent magnet having the above-mentioned rectangular parallelepiped shape (length 100 mm, width 100 mm, height 60 mm).

Next, the curve shown in the graph of FIG. 21 is “mainly magnetized” under the same conditions and method as in the example of FIG. 20, and then separated by 100 mm in the Y direction from the position where the magnet 5 is arranged at the time of main magnetization. In this position, the magnet 5 is arranged in the same manner as in the case of the main magnetization and then moved in the X direction to perform “subordinate magnetization”, and then the crossing reinforcing bar on the concrete body surface 1A is detected by the magnetic sensor. 3 shows the result of measuring the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction (Y direction) directly above 3.
In the example of FIG. 21, the vertical component of the magnetic flux density at the main magnetization position (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph) is about −160 μT, and this value is the value after the main magnetization at the same position. The value (absolute value) is larger than about -100 μT which is ½ of the value (about −200 μT). That is, it can be said that the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density by the secondary magnetization is not sufficient.

Next, the curve shown in the graph of FIG. 22 is “mainly magnetized” under the same conditions and method as in the example of FIG. 20, and then separated by 200 mm in the Y direction from the position where the magnet 5 is arranged during the main magnetization. Other than this, the “subordinate magnetization” is performed under the same conditions and method as in the example of FIG. 21, and the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is measured.
In the example of FIG. 22, the vertical component of the magnetic flux density at the main magnetization position (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph) is about −100 μT, and this value is the value after the main magnetization at the same position. It is the same as about -100 μT which is 1/2 of the value (about −200 μT). In other words, it can be said that the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density by the secondary magnetization is exhibited.

Further, the curves shown in the graphs of FIGS. 23 and 24 are subjected to “main magnetization” under the same conditions and methods as in the example of FIG. At the positions separated by 400 mm and 600 mm in the direction, “subordinate magnetization” is performed under the same conditions and methods as in the example of FIG. 21, and the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is measured. Shows the results.
In each example of FIGS. 23 and 24, the vertical components of the magnetic flux density at the main magnetization position (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph) are about 10 μT and about −10 μT, respectively. The value (absolute value) is smaller than about −100 μT which is ½ of the value after the main magnetization (about −200 μT) at the same position. That is, it can be said that the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density by the secondary magnetization is sufficiently exhibited.

  Next, the curves shown in the graphs of FIG. 25, FIG. 26, and FIG. 27 are the same as the examples of FIG. 22 and FIG. 26 except that the cover thickness of the concrete with respect to the crossing reinforcing bars 3 is 75 mm. 23 is the same as the example of FIG. 23 and the example of FIG. 27 is the same as the example of FIG. 24, and “main magnetization” and “subordinate magnetization” are performed under the same conditions and methods, respectively. The result of measuring the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the direction is shown.

  Further, except that the concrete cover thickness with respect to the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is 75 mm, “main magnetization” is performed under the same conditions and method as in the example of FIG. 20, and the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 is also the same. The vertical component of the magnetic flux density at the position where the main magnetization was performed (the position where the magnet 5 crossed right above the crossed reinforcing bar 3) was about -340 μT (not shown).

  In each of the examples of FIGS. 25, 26, and 27, the vertical components of the magnetic flux density at the main magnetization position (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph) are about 150 μT, about 20 μT, and about 10 μT, respectively. These values are values (absolute values) smaller than about −170 μT which is 1/2 of the value after the main magnetization (about −340 μT) at the same position. That is, it can be said that the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density by the secondary magnetization is sufficiently exhibited.

20 to 27, when the main magnetizing step 101 and the secondary magnetizing step 102 are performed using the magnet 5 in the present embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 from the position where the main magnetizing is performed. By performing secondary magnetization at a position separated by 200 mm or more in the direction (Y direction), the magnetic flux density can be reduced to ½ or less regardless of whether the cover thickness of the concrete with respect to the crossed reinforcing bars 3 is 100 mm or 75 mm. It is clear that it can be killed.
Moreover, although the most distant position in the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 that can effectively perform such secondary magnetization is not necessarily clear, at least the main magnetization is obtained from the examples of FIGS. It is clear that when the secondary magnetization is performed at a position 600 mm away from the performed position, the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density by the secondary magnetization is sufficiently exhibited.

Ba -4: Distance D and determination method The position at which the magnet 5 is arranged in the magnetization step 102 according to the distance D is the width direction (Y direction) of the main reinforcing bar 2 from the position at which the magnet is arranged in the main magnetization step 101. Must be separated by “distance D” or more.
As described above, the distance D is such that the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 (see FIG. 3) generated from the portion directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 in the crossed reinforcing bar 3 by the main magnetizing step 101 is about ½ or less. It is desirable that the distance be able to be reduced.

As described above, when the portion immediately below the moving trajectory of the magnet 5 in the crossing reinforcing bar 3 is magnetized to the S pole or the N pole by the subsequent magnetizing step 102, the peripheral portion deviated from the position immediately below the moving trajectory of the magnet 5 is used. Is magnetized to the north or south pole opposite to the position directly below.
Therefore, the magnetic flux density in the portion located directly above the main rebar 2 in the crossed rebar 3 that has already been magnetized to the S pole or the N pole by the main magnetization step 101 due to the magnetization action by the secondary magnetization step 102 is as follows. It is thought that it will be diminished after being killed.

  The appearance of the result of the magnetizing action by the secondary magnetization process 102 differs depending on the separation distance between the position of the magnet 5 in the main magnetization process 101 and the position of the magnet in the secondary magnetization process 102. However, the separation distance (distance D) necessary for exerting the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density by the subsequent magnetizing step 102 differs depending on the size and shape of the magnet 5 used for magnetization. For example, when the wide magnet 5 is used, the portion magnetized by the S pole or the N pole located just below the moving track of the magnet 5 in the crossing reinforcing bar 3 is also wide.

Next, the “distance D determination method” will be described.
First, as shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, the S pole side direction in the straight line (both magnetic pole center lines C) connecting the central portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet 5 is the X direction, and the magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 is on the lower side. The direction parallel to the magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 and orthogonal to the left side in the X direction is defined as the Y direction, the direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction, and the magnetized surface 5A side of the magnet 5 is defined as Z. The direction.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, a position 100 mm away from the magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 from the center position of both magnetic pole center lines C of the magnet 5 in the Z direction is P1, and the positions P1 to Y The position where the X direction component of the magnetic flux density is about 1/4 of the X direction component of the magnetic flux density at the position P1 is P2, and the separation distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is “distance”. D ”.
When the magnet 5 has a shape other than the rectangular parallelepiped shape, for example, when the magnet 5 has a U-shape, both magnetic pole center lines C are as shown in FIG.

  When magnetizing the main reinforcing bar 2 and the crossed reinforcing bar 3 using the magnet 5, the strongest magnetic flux acting on both the reinforcing bars is the direction of the magnetic pole center lines C generated immediately below the magnetized surface 5 A of the magnet 5 (X Direction). Therefore, in the “determination method of the distance D”, the X-direction component of the magnetic flux density at the position P1 that is 100 mm directly below the magnetization surface 5 (Z direction) of the magnet 5 is used as the reference value.

  Further, as it moves away from the portion directly below the magnetized surface 5A of the magnet 5 in the Y direction, the influence of the magnetic force of the magnet 5 decreases and the X direction component of the magnetic flux density also decreases, but the magnitude is about 1 of the value of the position P1. At the position P2 that decreases to / 4, for example, when the cross rebar 3 is present at the position P2, the direct magnetizing action on the cross rebar 3 from the magnet 5 is relatively weak. On the other hand, however, a magnetizing action to a pole opposite to the position immediately below the magnet 5 appears prominently in the peripheral portion of the crossing reinforcing bar 3 that is off from the position immediately below the magnet 5. Therefore, the effect of the secondary magnetization process 102 that the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3A1 (see FIG. 3) generated from the cross reinforcing bars 3 by the main magnetization process 101 can be reduced can be exhibited.

Here, the curve M0 shown in the graph of FIG. 32 represents the result of measuring the X direction component of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5 on the X direction straight line passing through the position P1. Curves M100, M200, and M400 shown in the figure are on the X direction straight line that passes through the X direction component of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5 by 100 mm, 200 mm, and 400 mm apart from the position P1 in the Y direction, respectively. The measurement results are shown.
Note that the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph in the curve M0 corresponds to the position P1.

The X direction component of the magnetic flux density at the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph indicated by these curves is about 22 mT (reference value at the position P1) for the curve M0, about 13 mT for the curve M100, about 5 mT for the curve M200, and about 1 mT for the curve M400. It is.
Therefore, since the value (about 5 mT) indicated by the curve M200 is about 1/4 of the reference value (about 22 mT) indicated by the curve M0, the position corresponding to the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the curve M200 (positions P1 to Y) The position P2 is a position separated by 200 mm in the direction).
In this case, since the separation distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is 200 mm, the “distance D” for the magnet 5 in this embodiment is determined as “200 mm”.

In this embodiment, the conclusion that “distance D” is “200 mm” is that the main magnetizing process 101 and the subordinate magnetizing process using the magnet 5 in the present embodiment according to the example of FIGS. 20 to 27 described above. 102, the magnetic flux density is reduced to ½ or less by performing secondary magnetization at a position separated by “200 mm” or more in the longitudinal direction (Y direction) of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 from the position where the main magnetization is performed. It is consistent with the conclusion that it can.
Further, as described above, the most distant position in the longitudinal direction of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 that can effectively perform the secondary magnetization is not necessarily clear, but at least the main magnetization from the examples of FIGS. When the secondary magnetization is performed at a position 600 mm away from the position where the magnetism is performed, the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density is sufficiently exhibited. In this embodiment, the “distance D” is “200 mm”. At least “distance D + 400 mm” from the main magnetized position
It is considered that the effect of reducing the magnetic flux density is sufficiently exhibited when the secondary magnetization is performed at a separated position.

  The above-mentioned “determination method of the distance D” is generally applicable to magnetizing magnets other than the magnet 5 of the present embodiment, and can be applied not only to permanent magnets but also to electromagnets. It can also be applied to a magnet unit in which a plurality of magnets are combined.

B-a-5: Magnetic flux density measurement step 103
In the magnetic flux density measurement step 103, after the subsequent magnetization step 102, the magnetic sensor is disposed close to the concrete body surface 1A, and then moved in the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 by moving it appropriately or without moving it. It is the process of measuring the magnetic flux density along.
In this case, the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux generated from the crossed reinforcing bar 3 in addition to the main reinforcing bar 2 is also measured.
When the main reinforcing bar 2 does not include a fracture portion, curves B25, B50, and B75 in FIG. 7 are obtained as the vertical component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A. Moreover, when the fracture | rupture part H is contained in the main reinforcement 2, the curves G25, G50, G75, and G100 of FIG. 13 are obtained as a perpendicular component of the magnetic flux density in the concrete body surface 1A.

In order to obtain the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 in this step, it is necessary to measure the magnetic flux density to the inspection range of the fractured portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 and to the peripheral range as necessary.
For this purpose, the magnetic flux density may be measured while appropriately moving one or a plurality of magnetic sensors. For example, the magnetic sensor is moved in the vicinity of the concrete body surface 1A along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2. The magnetic flux density can be measured.
Further, the magnetic sensor arranged on the concrete body surface 1A is moved back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 while being moved close to the concrete body surface 1A, and gradually shifted in the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2. Thus, the magnetic flux density of the main reinforcing bar 2 can be measured, and the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 can be calculated from the result.

  For example, when using a long magnetic sensor unit (not shown) in which a large number of magnetic sensors are connected in a straight line, the magnetic sensor unit is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2. The magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2 can be measured by simply placing it close to the surface of the concrete body and without moving it thereafter.

B-a-6: Broken portion detection step 104
The fracture portion detection step 104 is a step of detecting whether or not the fracture portion H is included in the main reinforcing bar 2 based on the magnetic flux density obtained in the magnetic flux density measurement step 103.
Here, in order to increase the detection accuracy of the fractured portion H, it is necessary to eliminate as much as possible the influence of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic flux 3 </ b> A generated from the crossed reinforcing bar 3 from the measured value of the magnetic flux density obtained in the magnetic flux density measuring step 103. For this purpose, it is preferable to calculate a differential value or a differential approximation value of the magnetic flux density, and thereby, it is possible to further emphasize a sudden change in the magnetic flux density due to the fracture portion H.

For the vertical component of the magnetic flux density represented by the curves B25, B50, and B75 in FIG. 7 when the main reinforcing bar 2 does not have the fracture portion H, the differential values thereof are represented by the curves B25d, B50d, and B75d in FIG. Also referred to as “curve B25d etc.”).
Further, with respect to the vertical component of the magnetic flux density represented by the curves G25, G50, G75 and G100 in FIG. 13 when the main reinforcing bar 2 has the fracture portion H, the differential values thereof are represented by the curves G25d, G50d, FIG. G75d and G100d (hereinafter also referred to as “curve G25d etc.”).

  Here, in the curve B25d or the like (FIG. 8) in the case where the main reinforcing bar 2 does not have the fracture portion H (FIG. 8), a particularly large convex portion does not appear, whereas the curve G25d or the like in which the main reinforcement 2 has the fracture portion H (FIG. In 14), a particularly large convex portion appears downward at the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph. Therefore, a threshold for determining whether or not the convex shape portion is caused by the fracture portion H is provided, and by comparing this threshold value with the peak value of the convex shape portion, it is easy and highly accurate. The presence or absence of the fracture portion H can be detected.

Moreover, in the said fracture | rupture part detection process 104, you may obtain | require a differential approximation value instead of calculating | requiring the differential value which is a change rate of magnetic flux density. As a method for obtaining the differential approximation, for example, two magnetic sensors that are close to each other at a predetermined distance are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2, and the difference in magnetic flux density obtained from each of the two magnetic sensors is calculated using the two magnetic sensors. A method of dividing by the distance between magnetic sensors is conceivable.
In the present embodiment, the magnetic flux density is differentiated once (floor), but may be differentiated twice (floor) or more as necessary. The same applies to the differential approximation value.

In the embodiment of the nondestructive inspection method, the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A is measured by measuring its vertical component, but it is also measured by measuring other arbitrary direction components. Can do. As an example, an embodiment for measuring the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A will be described next.
Here, the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density is a component in the horizontal direction with respect to the concrete body surface 1A in the magnetic flux density, and in the present embodiment, is a component in the X direction or the -X direction.
The difference between the embodiment in which the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density on the concrete body surface 1A is different from the embodiment in which the vertical component is measured is that, in the magnetic flux density measuring step 103, the direction component of the magnetic flux density to be measured is horizontal. There is a point.

FIG. 9 shows the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A in the concrete body 1 in which the main reinforcing bar 2 without the breaking portion H and the seven crossed reinforcing bars 3 are embedded. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the horizontal component of.
Here, the horizontal axis of the graph represents the position of the concrete body surface 1A in the X direction, and the vertical axis represents the value of the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density at the position. The seven crossed reinforcing bars 3 are embedded at positions of −750 mm, −500 mm, −250 mm, 0 mm, 250 mm, 500 mm, and 750 mm on the horizontal axis of the graph, as in the example of FIG. 7. Further, the diameters of the main reinforcing bars 2 and the crossed reinforcing bars 3 and the cover thickness of the concrete are the same as in the example of FIG.

A curve E0 in FIG. 9 is along the longitudinal direction directly above the main rebar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A after moving the magnet 5 in the X direction and performing “main magnetization” as shown in FIG. It is the result of measuring the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density.
In this curve E0, on the left and right of each position of the crossing reinforcing bar 3, an upward convex portion and a downward convex portion appear as a pair. For example, on the left and right sides of the crossed reinforcing bars 3 embedded in the 250 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph, an upward convex shape portion appears at a position of about 200 mm, and a downward convex shape portion appears at a position of about 300 mm.

On the other hand, FIG. 15 shows a concrete body 1 in which a main reinforcing bar 2 having a fracture portion H and seven crossed reinforcing bars 3 are embedded, along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a curve R0 in FIG. 15 indicates a longitudinal direction directly above the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A after the magnet 5 is moved in the X direction and “main magnetization” is performed. It is the result of measuring the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density along. Here, the position of the fracture portion H is the 0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph.

  The curve R0, like the curve E0 of FIG. 9, has an upward convex portion and a downward convex portion alternately appearing. However, the magnetic flux density after the “subsequent magnetization” is performed. In the curves R25, R50, R75, and R100 indicating the horizontal component, the height difference between the alternately appearing convex portions is reduced, and the peak value of the upward convex shape at the 0 mm horizontal axis where the fracture portion H is present appears more clearly. ing. Therefore, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the fracture portion H in the main reinforcing bar 2 depending on whether or not this peak value appears.

For the horizontal components of the magnetic flux density represented by the curves E25, E50 and E75 in FIG. 9 when the main reinforcing bar 2 does not have the fracture portion H, the differential values thereof are represented by the curves E25d, E50d and E75d (hereinafter referred to as the following). It is also referred to as “curve E25d etc.”).
Further, for the horizontal component of the magnetic flux density represented by the curves R25, R50, R75, and R100 in FIG. 15 when the main reinforcing bar 2 has the fracture portion H, the differential values thereof are represented by the curves R25d, R50d, FIG. R75d and R100d (hereinafter also referred to as “curve R25d etc.”).

An upward convex shape portion and a downward convex shape portion alternately appear on the curve E25d and the like in FIG. 10, but the height difference between these convex shape portions is smaller than the curve E0d, and the entire curve E25d and the like As a comparatively gentle curve.
On the other hand, in the curve R25d in FIG. 16 and the like, large upward convex portions and downward convex portions appear in pairs on the left and right of the position of the fracture portion H (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph). Therefore, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the fracture portion H in the main reinforcing bar 2 depending on whether or not such a pair of large convex portions appear.

As described above, in the nondestructive inspection method of the present invention, in measuring the magnetic flux density in the magnetic flux density measuring step 103, not only the vertical component of the magnetic flux density but also the component in an arbitrary direction is measured. It is possible to detect.
However, it is preferable to measure the vertical component of the magnetic flux density because the detection accuracy of the broken portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 can be further increased. That is, when the differential value based on the vertical component of the magnetic flux density measured in the magnetic flux density measuring step 103 is calculated and represented in the graph, when the fracture portion H exists in the main reinforcing bar 2, the curve G25d in FIG. Thus, at the position of the fracture portion H (0 mm position on the horizontal axis of the graph), only one peak value of the large downward convex portion appears. For this reason, in the comparison between the peak value and the threshold value, since erroneous recognition is not particularly likely to occur, it is possible to further increase the detection accuracy of the fracture portion H.

BB: Second Embodiment The second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that “long magnet” is used in the main magnetizing step 101 and the subordinate magnetizing step 102. It is different.
That is, in the second embodiment of the present invention, both the reinforcing bars are magnetized by the long magnets 5 from the outside of the concrete body 1 in which the main reinforcing bars 2 and the crossed reinforcing bars 3 are embedded, and then the outside of the concrete body 1 by a magnetic sensor. This is a non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a rupture portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 by measuring the magnetic flux density.

  First, in the main magnetizing step 101, a long magnet 5 in which the length of both magnetic pole center lines C is substantially equal to or longer than the length of the inspection target portion of the main reinforcing bar 2 is used, and the magnetization surface of the long magnet 5 is used. 5A is placed close to the concrete body surface 1A so that both magnetic poles of the elongated magnet 5 are along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2, and then the elongated magnet 5 is removed. .

Here, FIG. 34 shows an example in which the main magnetizing step 101 is performed using the long magnet 5.
As shown in the figure, on the concrete body surface 1A along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2 (2N and 2P), the long magnet 5 with the N pole on the left side and the S pole on the right side is connected to the main rebar 2. The main rebar 2 and the crossed rebar 3 are magnetized by placing them at a position almost directly above the inspection target portion and performing “main magnetization”. Then, the portions other than the fracture portion H of the main reinforcing bar 2 are magnetized, but the fracture portion H is not magnetized, and the main reinforcement 2N located on the X direction negative side with the fracture portion H as the origin position is in the X direction. A magnetic flux 2AN is generated, and a magnetic flux 2AP in the X direction is generated in the main reinforcing bar 2P located on the positive side in the X direction.

Further, a portion of the crossed reinforcing bar 3 on the left side of the figure located directly below the long magnet 5 is magnetized to the S pole under the influence of the N pole of the long magnet 5, and the concrete body surface 1A above the portion is magnetized. Above, a magnetic flux 3A in the Z direction is generated. On the other hand, in the cross rebar 3 on the right side of the figure, the portion located directly below the long magnet 5 is magnetized to the north pole under the influence of the south pole of the long magnet 5, and the concrete body surface 1A above this portion is magnetized. Above, a magnetic flux 3A in the -Z direction is generated.
In FIG. 34, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the magnetic flux 3A and the crossing reinforcing bar 3 are shown to overlap each other, but the magnetic flux 3A is precisely a magnetic flux generated on the concrete body surface 1A.

  Next, in the secondary magnetizing step 102, the above-mentioned "determination method of the distance D" is obtained in the width direction (Y direction) of the main reinforcing bar 2 from the position where the elongated magnet 5 is arranged in the main magnetizing step 101. At a predetermined position separated by “distance D” or more, the magnetized surface 5A of the elongated magnet 5 is placed on the concrete body surface 1A so that the relative positions of both magnetic poles of the elongated magnet 5 are the same as the main magnetizing step. After the magnets are magnetized again by arranging them close to each other, the long magnet 5 is removed.

  In the second embodiment of the present invention, the length of both magnetic pole center lines C is approximately equal to or longer than the length of the inspection target portion of the main reinforcing bar 2 in the main magnetizing step 101 and the subsequent magnetizing step 102. Since the magnet 5 is used, the magnetizing operation can be completed simply by arranging the elongated magnet 5 with its magnetized surface 5A close to the concrete surface 1A. Therefore, since it is not necessary to move the magnet 5 in the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2, both magnetizing steps can be performed efficiently in a short time.

  Next, in the magnetic flux density measuring step 103, after the magnetic sensor is arranged close to the concrete body surface 1A, the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 is measured by moving or not moving as appropriate. Moreover, in the fracture | rupture part detection process 104, although the presence or absence of the fracture | rupture part H of the main reinforcement 2 is detected based on the magnetic flux density measured by the magnetic flux density measurement process 103, these processes are all the above-mentioned invention of this application. The same as in the first embodiment.

Bc: Third Embodiment The third embodiment of the present invention is that the long magnet 5 is moved substantially in parallel in a series of operations from the main magnetizing step 101 to the subordinate magnetizing step 102. This is different from the second embodiment.
That is, in the third embodiment, as in the case of the second embodiment, the length of the magnetic pole center line C is approximately equal to or longer than the length of the inspection target portion of the main reinforcing bar 2. , And has a main magnetizing step 101 that is arranged close to the surface of the concrete body so that both magnetic poles are along the longitudinal direction of the main rebar 2, and further, a long magnet arranged in the main magnetizing step 101 5 has a secondary magnetizing step 102 for substantially translating 5 to a predetermined position separated by “distance D” or more.

  For example, in the second embodiment, as shown by the arrow 4A in FIG. 18, the long magnet 5 is once removed from the concrete body surface 1A upward after the main magnetization, and is subjected to the subsequent magnetization. In this third embodiment, as shown by the arrow 4B in FIG. 19, the long magnet 5 is not removed after the main magnetization, and the concrete body is removed. This is based on a method of making a substantially parallel movement to a predetermined position separated by “distance D” or more while being kept close to the surface 1A.

  According to the third embodiment, a series of operations from the main magnetizing step 101 to the subordinate magnetizing step 102 causes the long magnet 5 to be in a state where its magnetized surface 5A is close to the concrete body surface 1A. Since it is completed only by substantially translating in the width direction (Y direction) of the main rebar 2 as it is, both magnetization steps can be carried out very easily in a short time.

  Next, in the magnetic flux density measuring step 103, after the magnetic sensor is arranged close to the concrete body surface 1A, the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 is measured by moving or not moving as appropriate. Moreover, in the fracture | rupture part detection process 104, although the presence or absence of the fracture | rupture part H of the main reinforcement 2 is detected based on the magnetic flux density measured by the magnetic flux density measurement process 103, these processes are all the above-mentioned invention of this application. This is the same as in the first and second embodiments.

C: Nondestructive Inspection Device FIG. 35 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a nondestructive inspection device 20 that can be used for carrying out the nondestructive inspection method of the present invention.
The nondestructive inspection apparatus 20 is arranged close to the concrete body surface 1A, in addition to the magnet 5 (see FIG. 1 and the like) that magnetizes the main reinforcing bar 2 and the crossed reinforcing bar 3, a magnetic detection unit 210, a calculation unit 220, a breakage A determination unit 230, a display unit 240, and the like are included. Further, the nondestructive inspection apparatus 20 preferably includes a memory 250 that holds various data used for detection of a broken portion or performs reading and writing.
Hereinafter, each component of the nondestructive inspection apparatus 20 will be described.

  The magnet 5 magnetizes the main rebar 2 and the crossed rebar 3 embedded in the concrete 1 and is used in the two magnetization steps of the main magnetization step 101 and the subsequent magnetization step 102 as described above. To do.

The magnetic detection unit 210 is disposed close to the concrete body surface 1A after the magnet 5 is removed, and detects a detection signal based on the magnetic flux density from the main reinforcing bar 2, the crossed reinforcing bar 3, and the like. Includes a magnetic sensor 211 made of, for example, a highly sensitive MI sensor, fluxgate sensor, Hall element, superconducting quantum interference element, or the like.
Further, since the distance traveled by the magnetic detection unit 210 can be measured by incorporating the distance sensor 212 into the magnetic detection unit 210, the position of the magnetic detection unit 210 and the magnetic flux density at that position can be calculated. If the nondestructive inspection apparatus 20 according to the present invention has a high-precision positioning mechanism, the position of the magnetic detection unit 210 and the magnetic flux density at that position can be detected without the distance sensor 212. it can.

Next, the calculation unit 220 calculates the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the main reinforcing bar 2 on the concrete body surface 1A from the detection signal sent from the magnetic sensor 211, and generates a graph of the calculated magnetic flux density. To do.
Moreover, it is preferable that the calculating part 220 has a function which calculates the differential value of magnetic flux density and produces | generates a graph.

Next, the break determination unit 230 determines whether or not the main reinforcing bar 2 includes the broken portion H based on the information on the magnetic flux density calculated by the calculation unit 220 and its differential value. The position of the rupture part H is specified.
The display unit 240 displays a graph of magnetic flux density generated by the arithmetic unit 220 and a graph of differential values of magnetic flux density.

  The nondestructive inspection method of the present invention can be used for nondestructive inspection for detecting whether or not a reinforcing bar provided in a concrete body such as a bridge, a building, or a concrete pole is broken.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Concrete body 1A Concrete body surface 2 Main rebar 2A Magnetic flux generated inside magnetized main rebar 3 Crossed rebar 3A Magnetic flux generated from magnetized crossed rebar 4A, 4B Magnet trajectory 5 Magnet 5A Magnetized surface 101 Main magnetization process DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 102 Subsequent magnetization process 103 Magnetic flux density measurement process 104 Breaking part detection process 20 Nondestructive inspection apparatus 210 Magnetic detection part 211 Magnetic sensor 220 Operation part 230 Breaking determination part 240 Display part 250 Memory C Both-pole centerline H Breaking part

Claims (8)

By magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by a magnet from the outside of the concrete body in which the reinforcing bars that intersect the inspection target reinforcing bars and the crossing reinforcing bars are embedded, and then measuring the magnetic flux density outside the concrete body by a magnetic sensor, A non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar,
The magnetized surface of the magnet is placed close to the surface of the concrete body so that both magnetic poles of the magnet are along the longitudinal direction of the inspection object reinforcing bar, and then the magnet is moved along the longitudinal direction of the inspection object reinforcing bar. A main magnetizing step of removing the magnet after magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by
The magnetized surface of the magnet at a predetermined position separated from the position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetizing step by a distance D or more obtained by the method for determining the distance D described later in the width direction of the inspection reinforcing bar, The magnets are arranged close to the surface of the concrete body so that the relative positions of the two magnetic poles are the same as in the main magnetizing step, and then the magnets are moved along the longitudinal direction of the rebar to be inspected. Subsequent magnetizing process to remove the magnet after re-magnetizing the reinforcing bar,
After arranging the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, by appropriately moving or measuring the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar without moving, a magnetic flux density measuring step;
A nondestructive inspection method characterized by including a fracture portion detection step of detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspected reinforcing bar based on the magnetic flux density measured in the magnetic flux density measurement step.
[Determination method of distance D]
When the S-pole side direction in the straight line connecting the center portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is the X direction, the magnetized surface of the magnet is parallel to the magnetized surface when facing downward, and the left side in the X direction The direction perpendicular to the Y direction is the Y direction, the direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction, and the direction of the magnetized surface side of the magnet is the Z direction.
In such a case, the position separated from the magnetized surface of the magnet by 100 mm from the center position of the straight line connecting the central portions of the two magnetic poles of the magnet in the Z direction is defined as P1, and separated from the position P1 in the Y direction, A position where the X direction component of the magnetic flux density shows a value of about ¼ of the X direction component of the magnetic flux density at the position P1 is determined as P2, and the separation distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is determined as “distance D”.   The sub-magnetization step includes a position separated by the “distance D” in the width direction of the rebar to be inspected from a position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetization step, and a position further separated by 400 mm in the same direction from the position. The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the nondestructive inspection method is performed at predetermined positions. By magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by a magnet from the outside of the concrete body in which the reinforcing bars that intersect the inspection target reinforcing bars and the crossing reinforcing bars are embedded, and then measuring the magnetic flux density outside the concrete body by a magnetic sensor, A non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar,
When the length of a straight line connecting the central portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is substantially equal to or greater than the length of the inspection target portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar, the magnet's magnetic poles are inspected by the magnetic poles of the magnet. A main magnetizing step of removing the magnet after magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by placing them close to the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the target reinforcing bars,
The magnetized surface of the magnet at a predetermined position separated from the position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetizing step by a distance D or more obtained by the method for determining the distance D described later in the width direction of the inspection reinforcing bar, Subsequent magnetization of removing the magnet after remagnetizing the rebars by placing them close to the surface of the concrete body so that the relative positions of the magnetic poles of the magnet are the same as the main magnetizing step. Process,
After arranging the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, by appropriately moving or measuring the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar without moving, a magnetic flux density measuring step;
A nondestructive inspection method characterized by including a fracture portion detection step of detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspected reinforcing bar based on the magnetic flux density measured in the magnetic flux density measurement step.
[Determination method of distance D]
When the S-pole side direction in the straight line connecting the center portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is the X direction, the magnetized surface of the magnet is parallel to the magnetized surface when facing downward, and the left side in the X direction The direction perpendicular to the Y direction is the Y direction, the direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction, and the direction of the magnetized surface side of the magnet is the Z direction.
In such a case, the position separated from the magnetized surface of the magnet by 100 mm from the center position of the straight line connecting the central portions of the two magnetic poles of the magnet in the Z direction is defined as P1, and separated from the position P1 in the Y direction, A position where the X direction component of the magnetic flux density shows a value of about ¼ of the X direction component of the magnetic flux density at the position P1 is determined as P2, and the separation distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is determined as “distance D”.   The sub-magnetization step includes a position separated by the “distance D” in the width direction of the rebar to be inspected from a position where the magnet is arranged in the main magnetization step, and a position further separated by 400 mm in the same direction from the position. The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 3, wherein the nondestructive inspection method is performed at predetermined positions. By magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by a magnet from the outside of the concrete body in which the reinforcing bars that intersect the inspection target reinforcing bars and the crossing reinforcing bars are embedded, and then measuring the magnetic flux density outside the concrete body by a magnetic sensor, A non-destructive inspection method for detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar,
When the length of a straight line connecting the central portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is substantially equal to or greater than the length of the inspection target portion of the inspection target reinforcing bar, the magnet's magnetic poles are inspected by the magnetic poles of the magnet. A main magnetizing step of magnetizing both the reinforcing bars by placing them close to the surface of the concrete body along the longitudinal direction of the target reinforcing bars;
Magnetization of the magnet arranged in the main magnetizing step to a predetermined position separated from the arrangement position by a distance D or more determined in the width direction of the rebar to be inspected by “distance D determination method” described later. Subsequent magnetizing step of removing the magnet after re-magnetizing the rebars by moving the surface substantially parallel to the surface of the concrete body.
After arranging the magnetic sensor close to the surface of the concrete body, by appropriately moving or measuring the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target rebar without moving, a magnetic flux density measuring step;
A nondestructive inspection method characterized by including a fracture portion detection step of detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the inspected reinforcing bar based on the magnetic flux density measured in the magnetic flux density measurement step.
[Determination method of distance D]
When the S-pole side direction in the straight line connecting the center portions of both magnetic poles of the magnet is the X direction, the magnetized surface of the magnet is parallel to the magnetized surface when facing downward, and the left side in the X direction The direction perpendicular to the Y direction is the Y direction, the direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction, and the direction of the magnetized surface side of the magnet is the Z direction.
In such a case, the position separated from the magnetized surface of the magnet by 100 mm from the center position of the straight line connecting the central portions of the two magnetic poles of the magnet in the Z direction is defined as P1, and separated from the position P1 in the Y direction, A position where the X direction component of the magnetic flux density shows a value of about ¼ of the X direction component of the magnetic flux density at the position P1 is determined as P2, and the separation distance between the position P1 and the position P2 is determined as “distance D”.   The magnet arranged in the main magnetizing step has a predetermined distance between a position separated from the arrangement position by the “distance D” in the width direction of the reinforcing bar to be inspected and a position further separated from the position by 400 mm in the same direction. The magnetized surface of the magnet is moved parallel to the surface of the concrete body to the position, and then magnetized again on both the reinforcing bars, and then the magnetizing process is followed by the method of removing the magnet. The nondestructive inspection method of Claim 5 characterized by these. In the magnetic flux density measurement step, measure the vertical component of the magnetic flux density along the longitudinal direction of the inspection target reinforcing bar,
7. The fracture portion detection step of detecting the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the reinforcing bar to be inspected based on a vertical component of the magnetic flux density measured in the magnetic flux density measurement step. Non-destructive inspection method described in 1. In the fracture portion detection step, the differential value or differential approximation value of the magnetic flux density is calculated, and the differential value or differential approximation value is compared with a predetermined threshold value to detect the presence or absence of a fracture portion of the reinforcing bar to be inspected. The nondestructive inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the nondestructive inspection method is performed.