JP6289876B2 - Steel member and method for manufacturing steel member - Google Patents
Steel member and method for manufacturing steel member Download PDFInfo
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Description
本開示の技術は、鉄鋼部材及び鉄鋼部材の製造方法に関する。 The technology of the present disclosure relates to a steel member and a method for manufacturing the steel member.
鉄鋼材は、鉄鋼材における炭素含有量に応じて、鉄、炭素鋼、鋳鉄、これら３つの種類に大別される。こうした鉄鋼材を原材料とする鉄鋼部材は、例えば、自動車においては例えば特許文献１のように車体やエンジンのシリンダーブロックとして用いられ、建物においては柱や梁として用いられている。 Steel materials are roughly classified into three types, iron, carbon steel, cast iron, according to the carbon content in the steel material. Steel members made of such steel materials are used, for example, in automobiles as cylinder blocks of car bodies and engines as in Patent Document 1, for example, and in buildings as columns and beams.
ところで、上述した鉄鋼部材においては、鉄鋼部材の経年劣化を抑える要請や、鉄鋼部材の適用範囲を広げる要請に応えるうえで、鉄鋼部材の表面において腐食を抑えることが望まれている。 By the way, in the steel member mentioned above, in order to respond to the request | requirement which suppresses aged deterioration of a steel member, and the request | requirement which expands the application range of a steel member, it is desired to suppress corrosion on the surface of a steel member.
本開示の技術は、鉄鋼部材の表面における耐食性が高められた鉄鋼部材、および、鉄鋼部材の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the technology of the present disclosure is to provide a steel member having improved corrosion resistance on the surface of the steel member, and a method for manufacturing the steel member.
上記課題を解決する鉄鋼部材は、セメンタイトとフェライトとを組織として有する基材の表面に対する圧縮加工によって形成された表面層を備え、前記表面層が、前記セメンタイトの体積率が前記基材のなかで前記表面層以外の体積率よりも高く、且つ、前記セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上である。 A steel member that solves the above problem includes a surface layer formed by compression processing on the surface of a base material having cementite and ferrite as a structure, and the surface layer has a volume fraction of the cementite in the base material. It is higher than the volume fraction other than the surface layer, and the volume fraction of the cementite is 90% or more.
上記課題を解決する鉄鋼部材の製造方法は、セメンタイトとフェライトとを組織として有する基材の表面に対して圧縮加工を施す工程を含み、前記圧縮加工を施す工程では、前記基材のうち前記基材の表面を含む部分で前記組織を塑性流動させて、前記セメンタイトの体積率が前記基材のなかで表面層以外の体積率よりも高く、且つ、前記セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上である前記表面層を形成する。 A method of manufacturing a steel member that solves the above problem includes a step of compressing a surface of a base material having cementite and ferrite as a structure. In the step of applying the compression processing, The structure is plastically flowed at a portion including the surface of the material, and the volume fraction of the cementite is higher than the volume fraction other than the surface layer in the base material, and the volume fraction of the cementite is 90% or more. The surface layer is formed.
本発明者は、鉄鋼部材の表面における組織構造について鋭意研究した結果、下記（ａ）（ｂ）を見出した。
（ａ）基材の表面に対して圧縮加工がなされることによって、基材の表面に圧縮加工に基づく塑性流動が生じ、軟質のフェライトが圧縮されて硬質のセメンタイトが凝集された表面層が形成されること。
As a result of intensive studies on the structure of the surface of the steel member, the present inventors have found the following (a) and (b).
(A) By compressing the surface of the base material, plastic flow based on the compression processing is generated on the surface of the base material, and a soft ferrite is compressed to form a surface layer in which hard cementite is aggregated To be done.
（ｂ）セメンタイトが凝集された表面層は、セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上であれば鉄鋼部材の耐食性を向上させること。
上記構成によれば、セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上の層である表面層が耐食層として基材に形成される。これにより、鉄鋼部材の耐食性を向上させることができる。
(B) The surface layer in which cementite is aggregated should improve the corrosion resistance of the steel member if the volume fraction of cementite is 90% or more.
According to the said structure, the surface layer which is a layer whose volume fraction of cementite is 90% or more is formed in a base material as a corrosion-resistant layer. Thereby, the corrosion resistance of the steel member can be improved.
上記鉄鋼部材において、前記表面層は、前記表面層の面方向に沿う前記セメンタイトの組織が深さ方向に積み重なった多層構造をなしていることが好ましい。
上記鉄鋼部材の製造方法において、前記表面層は、前記表面層の面方向に沿う前記セメンタイトの組織が深さ方向に積み重なった多層構造をなしていることが好ましい。
In the steel member, the surface layer preferably has a multilayer structure in which the cementite structures along the surface direction of the surface layer are stacked in the depth direction.
In the method for manufacturing a steel member, the surface layer preferably has a multilayer structure in which the cementite structures along the surface direction of the surface layer are stacked in the depth direction.
上記構成のように、表面層は、セメンタイトの組織が深さ方向に積み重なった多層構造とすることができる。
上記鉄鋼部材は、前記基材が鋳鉄材であり、且つ、前記表面層の厚さが５μｍ以上であることが好ましい。
As in the above configuration, the surface layer can have a multilayer structure in which cementite structures are stacked in the depth direction.
In the steel member, the base material is preferably a cast iron material, and the thickness of the surface layer is preferably 5 μm or more.
上記構成のように、耐食層の形成によって耐食性を向上させる基材として鋳鉄材を用いることが可能である。また、表面層の厚さが５μｍ以上であれば、鉄鋼部材の耐食性がより確実に高められる。 As in the above configuration, a cast iron material can be used as a base material that improves corrosion resistance by forming a corrosion-resistant layer. Moreover, if the thickness of a surface layer is 5 micrometers or more, the corrosion resistance of a steel member will be improved more reliably.
以下、図１〜図５を参照して、本開示における鉄鋼部材の製造方法及び鉄鋼部材の一実施形態について説明する。本開示においては、鉄鋼部材の原材料である基材の表面に対して常温下にて圧縮加工が行われる。 Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1-5, one Embodiment of the manufacturing method and the steel member of the steel member in this indication are described. In the present disclosure, compression processing is performed at room temperature on the surface of a base material that is a raw material of a steel member.
図１に示されるように、基材１１は、フェライトとセメンタイトとを組織として有する。基材１１に対する圧縮加工には、基材１１よりも高い硬度を有する円柱状の加工具１２が用いられる。この加工具１２を基材１１に対して相対移動させ、基材１１の表面である加工対象面１１ａに対して加工具１２の底面を押しつける。そして、基材１１の加工対象面１１ａに押し付けた状態のままで基材１１と加工具１２とを加工対象面１１ａの面方向に相対移動させる。これにより、基材１１の加工対象面１１ａには、軟質のフェライトが圧縮される塑性流動が生じることで硬質のセメンタイトを凝集させた耐食層１３が表面層として形成される。なお、以下では、上述した圧縮加工のなされていない部位の表面層を非加工層１４という。 As FIG. 1 shows, the base material 11 has a structure | tissue with a ferrite and cementite. For the compression processing on the base material 11, a cylindrical processing tool 12 having a hardness higher than that of the base material 11 is used. The processing tool 12 is moved relative to the base material 11, and the bottom surface of the processing tool 12 is pressed against the processing target surface 11 a which is the surface of the base material 11. Then, the base material 11 and the processing tool 12 are relatively moved in the surface direction of the processing target surface 11a while being pressed against the processing target surface 11a of the base material 11. As a result, a corrosion resistant layer 13 in which hard cementite is aggregated is formed as a surface layer on the surface 11a to be processed of the base material 11 by generating a plastic flow in which soft ferrite is compressed. In the following, the surface layer of the portion not subjected to the compression process described above is referred to as a non-processed layer 14.
上記鉄鋼部材及び鉄鋼部材の製造方法について実施例を挙げてさらに詳しく説明する。
本実施例では、図１に示されるように、基材１１として、鋳鉄材であるねずみ鋳鉄（ＦＣ２５０（ＦＣ：Ｆｅｒｒｕｍ Ｃａｓｔｉｎｇ））を用いた。ねずみ鋳鉄は、組織として、初析セメンタイトと、フェライトとセメンタイトとが交互に重なり合った層状をなすパーライトと、を有する。この基材１１に対して、直径φ８の加工具１２を押し付け荷重１４ｋｇｆで押し付けて、その押し付け荷重を保持したまま送り速度２．６２ｍｍ／ｓで加工具１２を摺動させながら所定回数だけ往復させる圧縮加工を施した。
An example is given and the above-mentioned steel member and the manufacturing method of a steel member are explained still in detail.
In this example, as shown in FIG. 1, gray cast iron (FC250 (FC: Ferrum Casting)), which is a cast iron material, was used as the base material 11. Gray cast iron has, as a structure, proeutectoid cementite and layered pearlite in which ferrite and cementite are alternately overlapped. A processing tool 12 having a diameter φ of 8 is pressed against the base material 11 with a pressing load of 14 kgf, and the processing tool 12 is reciprocated a predetermined number of times while sliding at a feeding speed of 2.62 mm / s while maintaining the pressing load. Compression processing was applied.
図２に示されるように、基材１１に対する圧縮加工後、耐食層１３と非加工層１４とを含む切断面１５で基材１１を切断した。そして、切断面１５を研磨したのち、非加工層１４を含む領域１６の組織と耐食層１３を含む領域１７の組織とを電子顕微鏡で撮影した。図３に非加工層１４の撮影結果を示し、図４に耐食層１３の撮影結果を示す。 As shown in FIG. 2, after compression processing on the base material 11, the base material 11 was cut at a cut surface 15 including the corrosion-resistant layer 13 and the non-processed layer 14. Then, after the cut surface 15 was polished, the structure of the region 16 including the non-processed layer 14 and the structure of the region 17 including the corrosion-resistant layer 13 were photographed with an electron microscope. FIG. 3 shows the photographing result of the non-processed layer 14, and FIG. 4 shows the photographing result of the corrosion-resistant layer 13.
図３においては、白色の層状をなしている部分がセメンタイトであり、セメンタイトよりも黒色に近い部分がフェライトである。同図３に示されるように、非加工層１４では、フェライトとセメンタイトとが交互に重なった層状の組織であるパーライトであることが認められた。なお、パーライトは、セメンタイトの体積率が０〜３０％である。 In FIG. 3, the white layered portion is cementite, and the portion closer to black than cementite is ferrite. As shown in FIG. 3, the non-processed layer 14 was confirmed to be pearlite, which is a layered structure in which ferrite and cementite are alternately stacked. In addition, pearlite has a volume fraction of cementite of 0 to 30%.
一方、図４に示されるように、耐食層１３では、加工対象面１１ａの面方向に沿うセメンタイト層が深さ方向に積層された多層構造が認められた。すなわち、圧縮加工によって軟質のフェライトが圧縮されて硬質のセメンタイトが凝集されていることが認められた。これにより、基材１１の加工対象面１１ａに対する圧縮加工によって、基材１１の表面層として、硬質のセメンタイトが緻密化された耐食層１３が形成されることが確認された。上記加工条件の下で形成された耐食層１３は、厚さｔ＝５μｍ、切断面１５におけるセメンタイトの面積率がほぼ１００％であった。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the corrosion-resistant layer 13 has a multilayer structure in which cementite layers are laminated in the depth direction along the surface direction of the processing target surface 11a. That is, it was recognized that soft ferrite was compressed and hard cementite was aggregated by compression processing. Thereby, it was confirmed by the compression process with respect to the process target surface 11a of the base material 11 that the corrosion-resistant layer 13 in which hard cementite was densified as a surface layer of the base material 11 was formed. The corrosion-resistant layer 13 formed under the above processing conditions had a thickness t = 5 μm, and the cementite area ratio at the cut surface 15 was almost 100%.
次に、非加工層１４を表面層とする鉄鋼部材である試験片Ａ及び耐食層１３を表面層とする鉄鋼部材である試験片Ｂの各々に対してＪＩＳＺ２２４４に規定されたビッカーズ硬さ試験に準拠した硬さ試験を行った。試験片Ａ，Ｂの各々に対して行った硬さ試験の結果を図５に示す。なお、試験片Ａ，Ｂは、１０ｍｍ×１０ｍｍ×１０ｍｍの同一形状であり、図５では硬さ試験で得られたビッカーズ硬さの平均値を示している。 Next, the Vickers hardness test specified in JISZ2244 is performed for each of the test piece A which is a steel member having the non-processed layer 14 as a surface layer and the test piece B which is a steel member having the corrosion resistant layer 13 as a surface layer. A compliant hardness test was performed. The result of the hardness test performed on each of the test pieces A and B is shown in FIG. The test pieces A and B have the same shape of 10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, and FIG. 5 shows the average value of Vickers hardness obtained in the hardness test.
図５に示されるように、試験片Ａのビッカーズ硬さは、約２４０Ｈｖであることが確認された。一方、試験片Ｂのビッカーズ硬さは、約３２０Ｈｖであることが確認された。すなわち、耐食層１３を表面層とする試験片Ｂは、非加工層１４を表面層とする試験片Ａに対して約１．３倍の硬度を有することが確認された。 As shown in FIG. 5, it was confirmed that the Vickers hardness of the test piece A was about 240 Hv. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the Vickers hardness of the test piece B was about 320 Hv. That is, it was confirmed that the test piece B having the corrosion-resistant layer 13 as the surface layer has a hardness about 1.3 times that of the test piece A having the non-processed layer 14 as the surface layer.
次に、上述した試験片Ａ，Ｂに対して耐食試験を行った。この耐食試験では、濃度２％の硫酸水溶液に試験片を１０分間含浸させた。こうした耐食試験を複数の試験片Ａ，Ｂに対して行った結果を図５に示す。なお、図５では、試験片Ａ，Ｂの各々について含浸前の総重量に対する含浸後の総重量の割合を評価値と算出するとともに試験片Ａの評価値に対する相対値を示している。すなわち、試験片Ｂは、相対値が小さいほど試験片Ａよりも腐食量が少なく、耐食性に優れているといえる。 Next, a corrosion resistance test was performed on the test pieces A and B described above. In this corrosion resistance test, a test piece was impregnated for 10 minutes in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of 2%. FIG. 5 shows the results of such a corrosion resistance test performed on a plurality of test pieces A and B. In FIG. 5, for each of the test pieces A and B, the ratio of the total weight after impregnation to the total weight before impregnation is calculated as an evaluation value, and the relative value with respect to the evaluation value of the test piece A is shown. That is, it can be said that the smaller the relative value of the test piece B, the smaller the amount of corrosion than the test piece A, and the better the corrosion resistance.
図５に示されるように、試験片Ｂの評価値は、試験片Ａの評価値の約８割であることが認められた。すなわち、耐食層１３を表面層とする試験片Ｂは、試験片Ａに対して腐食量が約２０％低減されており、試験片Ａよりも耐食性に優れていることが認められた。 As shown in FIG. 5, the evaluation value of the test piece B was found to be about 80% of the evaluation value of the test piece A. That is, the test piece B having the corrosion-resistant layer 13 as the surface layer has a corrosion amount reduced by about 20% with respect to the test piece A, and it was confirmed that the test piece B is superior to the test piece A in corrosion resistance.
なお、耐食層１３においては、切断面１５と同様の組織がランダムに存在していると見なすことが可能である。そのため、切断面１５における面積率は、耐食層１３における体積率と同等であると言える。また、本発明者によれば、耐食層１３におけるセメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上であれば鉄鋼部材の耐食性が向上し、より好ましくは９５％以上であれば鉄鋼部材の耐食性が顕著に向上することが確認されている。 In the corrosion-resistant layer 13, it can be considered that the same structure as the cut surface 15 is present at random. Therefore, it can be said that the area ratio in the cut surface 15 is equivalent to the volume ratio in the corrosion-resistant layer 13. Further, according to the present inventors, the corrosion resistance of the steel member is improved if the cementite volume ratio in the corrosion-resistant layer 13 is 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more, the corrosion resistance of the steel member is remarkably improved. It has been confirmed.
ここで、鉄鋼部材の耐食性を向上させる方法としては、例えば塗装や溶射、物理気相成長（ＰＶＤ：Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ Ｖａｐｏｒ Ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）といった方法を用いて鉄鋼部材に耐食膜を形成する方法もある。しかし耐食膜は、経年劣化に起因した脱落や摩耗に起因した剥離が避けられない。そのため、定期的なメンテナンスが必要であるばかりか例えば熱影響といった物理的な理由によって形成位置が限られる場合もある。 Here, as a method for improving the corrosion resistance of the steel member, for example, there is a method of forming a corrosion-resistant film on the steel member using a method such as painting, thermal spraying, or physical vapor deposition (PVD). However, the corrosion-resistant film cannot avoid peeling due to aging or wear due to aging. Therefore, not only regular maintenance is required, but the formation position may be limited due to physical reasons such as thermal effects.
この点、上記構成によれば、鉄鋼部材に表面層として耐食層１３が形成されることから、鉄鋼部材そのものの耐食性を向上させることが可能である。すなわち、耐食膜が形成されていなくとも鉄鋼部材の耐食性が向上する。 In this respect, according to the above configuration, since the corrosion-resistant layer 13 is formed as a surface layer on the steel member, it is possible to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel member itself. That is, even if the corrosion resistant film is not formed, the corrosion resistance of the steel member is improved.
上記実施形態に記載の技術によれば、以下に列挙する効果を得ることができる。
（１）鉄鋼部材の表面層が、セメンタイトの体積率が表面層以外の部分よりも高く、かつ、セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上であることから、鉄鋼部材の耐食性が高まる。
According to the technique described in the embodiment, the effects listed below can be obtained.
(1) Since the volume ratio of cementite is higher than the portion other than the surface layer in the surface layer of the steel member and the volume ratio of cementite is 90% or more, the corrosion resistance of the steel member is increased.
（２）耐食層１３の厚さｔを５μｍ以上とすることにより、耐食性が確実に高まる。
（３）鋳鉄材は、共析鋼よりも炭素含有量が多い過共析鋼であるため、初析セメンタイトとパーライトとが混じった組織を有する。そのため、鋳鉄材においては、上記耐食層１３が形成されやすい。
(2) By setting the thickness t of the corrosion-resistant layer 13 to 5 μm or more, the corrosion resistance is reliably increased.
(3) Since the cast iron is a hypereutectoid steel having a carbon content higher than that of the eutectoid steel, it has a structure in which proeutectoid cementite and pearlite are mixed. Therefore, the corrosion-resistant layer 13 is easily formed in the cast iron material.
（４）耐食層１３を鋳鉄材に形成することによって、例えばエンジンのシリンダといった熱的な影響を多分に受ける部位においても耐食性を向上させることができる。 (4) By forming the corrosion-resistant layer 13 on the cast iron material, the corrosion resistance can be improved even in a part that is largely affected by heat, such as an engine cylinder.
なお、上記実施形態は、以下のように適宜変更して実施することもできる。
・上記実施例では、鋳鉄材としてねずみ鋳鉄を用いたが、鋳鉄材は、ねずみ鋳鉄に限らず、例えばダクタイル鋳鉄であってもよい。
In addition, the said embodiment can also be suitably changed and implemented as follows.
In the above embodiment, gray cast iron is used as the cast iron material, but the cast iron material is not limited to gray cast iron, and may be, for example, ductile cast iron.
・耐食層１３の厚さｔは、基材に対して圧縮加工をすることによってセメンタイトの体積率が９０％である耐食層１３が表面層として形成されるのであれば、５μｍ未満であっても５μｍ超であってもよい。耐食層１３の厚さｔが５μｍ超であれば、さらなる耐食性の向上が見込まれる。 The thickness t of the corrosion-resistant layer 13 may be less than 5 μm if the corrosion-resistant layer 13 having a cementite volume ratio of 90% is formed as a surface layer by compressing the substrate. It may be greater than 5 μm. If the thickness t of the corrosion-resistant layer 13 exceeds 5 μm, further improvement in corrosion resistance is expected.
・圧縮加工は、基材１１に対して加工具１２が移動する形態に限らず、加工具１２に対して基材１１が移動する形態、あるいは、基材１１及び加工具１２の双方が移動する形態であってもよい。 The compression processing is not limited to the form in which the processing tool 12 moves relative to the base material 11, but the form in which the base material 11 moves relative to the processing tool 12, or both the base material 11 and the processing tool 12 move. Form may be sufficient.
・圧縮加工は、鉄鋼部材の表面層として耐食層１３が形成されるのであれば、円柱状の加工具１２を用いた圧縮加工に限らず、例えば、金型を用いた圧縮加工であってもよい。
・上述した鉄鋼部材はフェライトとセメンタイトとを組織として有する鉄鋼材を基材とする鉄鋼部材であればよく、基材は、鋳鉄材に限らず、鋳鉄材よりも炭素含有量の少ない炭素鋼であってよい。
The compression process is not limited to the compression process using the columnar processing tool 12 as long as the corrosion-resistant layer 13 is formed as the surface layer of the steel member. For example, even the compression process using a mold Good.
-The steel member described above may be a steel member whose base material is a steel material having ferrite and cementite as a structure, and the base material is not limited to a cast iron material, but a carbon steel having a lower carbon content than a cast iron material. It may be.
・耐食層１３を形成する圧縮加工の条件は、基材の表面に対する圧縮加工によってセメンタイトの体積率が９０％である表面層が形成されればよく、基材の種類に応じて適宜変更可能である。 -The conditions of the compression process for forming the corrosion-resistant layer 13 may be appropriately changed according to the type of the substrate, as long as the surface layer having a cementite volume ratio of 90% is formed by the compression process on the surface of the substrate. is there.
・鉄鋼部材は、例えば塗装や溶射、物理気相成長（ＰＶＤ：Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ Ｖａｐｏｒ Ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）といった方法で形成される耐食膜が耐食層１３に積層されてもよい。 -As for the steel member, the corrosion-resistant film formed by methods, such as painting, thermal spraying, and physical vapor deposition (PVD: Physical Vapor Deposition), may be laminated | stacked on the corrosion-resistant layer 13, for example.
ｔ…厚さ、１１…基材、１１ａ…加工対象面、１２…加工具、１３…耐食層、１４…非加工層、１５…切断面、１６，１７…領域。 t ... thickness, 11 ... base material, 11a ... surface to be processed, 12 ... processing tool, 13 ... corrosion-resistant layer, 14 ... non-working layer, 15 ... cut surface, 16, 17 ... region.
Claims (4)
前記表面層が、
前記セメンタイトの体積率が前記基材のなかで前記表面層以外の体積率よりも高く、且つ、前記セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上であり、且つ、前記表面層の面方向に沿う前記セメンタイトの組織が深さ方向に積み重なった多層構造をなしている
鉄鋼部材。 A surface layer formed by compression processing on the surface of a base material which is a cast iron material having cementite and ferrite as a structure,
The surface layer is
The volume ratio of cementite is higher than the volume ratio other than the surface layer among the base material, and state, and are the volume ratio of the cementite 90% or more and the cementite along the surface direction of the surface layer A steel member that has a multi-layered structure in which the structures are stacked in the depth direction .
請求項１に記載の鉄鋼部材。 Steel member according to claim 1 thickness before Symbol surface layer is 5μm or more.
前記圧縮加工を施す工程では、
前記基材のうち前記基材の表面を含む部分で前記組織を塑性流動させて、前記セメンタイトの体積率が前記基材のなかで表面層以外の体積率よりも高く、且つ、前記セメンタイトの体積率が９０％以上であり、且つ、前記表面層の面方向に沿う前記セメンタイトの組織が深さ方向に積み重なった多層構造をなしている前記表面層を形成する
鉄鋼部材の製造方法。 Including a step of compressing the surface of the base material, which is a cast iron material having cementite and ferrite as a structure,
In the step of applying the compression process,
The structure is plastically flowed at a portion including the surface of the base material of the base material, and the volume ratio of the cementite is higher than the volume ratio of the base material other than the surface layer, and the volume of the cementite. rate is Ri der 90%, and method for producing a steel member forming the surface layer forms a multilayer structure tissue stacked in the depth direction of the cementite along the surface direction of the surface layer.
請求項３に記載の鉄鋼部材の製造方法。 The manufacturing method of the steel member of Claim 3.
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