JP6278459B2 - Oxidation reaction method, organic synthesis method, and oxidation reaction catalyst composition - Google Patents
Oxidation reaction method, organic synthesis method, and oxidation reaction catalyst composition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 189
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 158
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001717 carbocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical group [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001942 caesium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明は酸化反応方法、有機合成方法に関し、特に酸化を所望の部分酸化段階で停止可能とする新しい方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an oxidation reaction method and an organic synthesis method, and more particularly to a new method that enables oxidation to be stopped at a desired partial oxidation stage.
太陽光中のＵＶ光・可視光光励起（本願では太陽光励起と称する）触媒作用によるファインケミカル合成、特に酸素分子、水といった環境上安全な反応物質を使用したこの種の合成は、現代科学において最も喫緊の目標の一つである。また、ＴｉＯ２は豊富に存在する上に、光に対して安定性が高いことから、この目的のための有望な光触媒である。しかしながら、有機基質は、高い酸化性を有する種の存在により、ＴｉＯ２上では過剰に酸化されて（overoxidized）二酸化炭素等の望ましくない副生成物をもたらす傾向がある。このため、過剰酸化を抑えて、所望の部分酸化段階で停止させて有用な有機化合物を取得するための新たな触媒の設計が広範に研究されてきている（例えば非特許文献１〜５）。しかし、所望のレベルまでの部分的な酸化を行うための光触媒活性については、実用的な用途に十分なものは未だに実現されていない。例えばシリカ骨格と高度に分散したＴｉＯ２とからなるチタノケイ酸ゼオライトを使用する方法は、光触媒による部分酸化のための環境に害のない方法である（非特許文献６）。だが、開口径が１ｎｍ未満の微細孔が存在するため、これが光活性に悪影響を与える拡散上の制約をしばしばもたらし、利用可能な有機物の基質が制約されていた。 Fine chemical synthesis catalyzed by UV / visible light excitation in sunlight (referred to herein as sunlight excitation), especially this type of synthesis using environmentally safe reactants such as oxygen molecules and water, is the most urgent in modern science. Is one of the goals. TiO 2 is a promising photocatalyst for this purpose because it is abundant and has high stability to light. However, organic substrates tend to be overoxidized on TiO 2 resulting in undesirable byproducts such as carbon dioxide due to the presence of highly oxidizable species. For this reason, the design of a new catalyst for obtaining a useful organic compound by suppressing excessive oxidation and stopping at a desired partial oxidation stage has been extensively studied (for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5). However, photocatalytic activity for performing partial oxidation to a desired level has not yet been realized for practical use. For example, a method using a titanosilicate zeolite composed of a silica skeleton and highly dispersed TiO 2 is a harmless method for partial oxidation by a photocatalyst (Non-patent Document 6). However, due to the presence of micropores with an opening diameter of less than 1 nm, this often resulted in diffusion constraints that adversely affect photoactivity, limiting available organic substrates.
太陽光励起触媒における上記のような事情は、いわゆるグリーンテクノロジーとしてのファインケミカル合成の発展のための大きな障害となっている。そして、このような事情は、過剰酸化が懸念される部分酸化反応の共通の課題としての性格をも有している。 The above-described circumstances in solar-excited catalysts are major obstacles for the development of fine chemical synthesis as so-called green technology. And such a situation also has the character as a common subject of the partial oxidation reaction in which excessive oxidation is a concern.
そこで、本発明は、以上のとおりの背景から、過剰酸化を抑制して所定の部分酸化段階で反応を停止可能とし、所望の有用有機化合物の酸化合成を実現するための新しい技術的方策を提供することを課題としている。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a new technical measure for realizing the oxidative synthesis of a desired useful organic compound by suppressing excessive oxidation and making it possible to stop the reaction at a predetermined partial oxidation stage from the background as described above. The challenge is to do.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するものとして、過剰酸化を抑制して所定の部分酸化段階で反応を停止可能とする、有機反応基質の酸化反応触媒の存在下での酸化剤をもっての不均
一系液相酸化反応方法であって、
前記所定の部分酸化段階での有機反応生成物を吸着回収可能とする吸着剤を共存させることを特徴としている。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a heterogeneous system with an oxidant in the presence of an oxidation reaction catalyst of an organic reaction substrate that can suppress the excessive oxidation and stop the reaction at a predetermined partial oxidation stage. A liquid phase oxidation reaction method,
An adsorbent that makes it possible to adsorb and recover the organic reaction product in the predetermined partial oxidation stage coexists.
この酸化反応方法では、吸着剤は、酸化反応触媒を担持可能とすることが好ましい。 In this oxidation reaction method, the adsorbent preferably supports an oxidation reaction catalyst.
また、吸着剤は、無機または無機・有機複合層状体であることが好ましく、さらに詳しくは、例えば吸着剤は、ケイ酸層状体 またはこれを主として含むものであることが好ましい。 Further, the adsorbent is preferably an inorganic or inorganic / organic composite layered body, and more specifically, for example, the adsorbent is preferably a silicate layered body or a substance mainly containing the same.
酸化反応触媒は、無機化合物、錯体および金属のうちの１種以上であることや、酸化反応触媒は、光励起触媒作用を有することも好ましい。 The oxidation reaction catalyst is preferably at least one of an inorganic compound, a complex and a metal, and the oxidation reaction catalyst preferably has a photoexcitation catalytic action.
さらに詳しくは、例えば、酸化反応触媒は、酸化チタンまたはこれを主として含むものであることが好ましい。 More specifically, for example, the oxidation reaction catalyst is preferably one containing titanium oxide or the main component thereof.
そして、本発明の上記酸化反応方法では、分子状酸素を酸化剤とする酸素酸化反応方法であることも好ましく考慮される。 And in the said oxidation reaction method of this invention, it is preferably considered that it is an oxygen oxidation reaction method which uses molecular oxygen as an oxidizing agent.
また、吸着剤に吸着された有機反応生成物を脱着分離して回収することが考慮される。 Further, it is considered that the organic reaction product adsorbed on the adsorbent is desorbed and recovered.
本発明では、上記の酸化反応方法において、有機反応生成物より所定の有機化合物を取得することを特徴とする有機合成方法が提供される。 The present invention provides an organic synthesis method characterized in that in the above oxidation reaction method, a predetermined organic compound is obtained from an organic reaction product.
例えば、反応基質の有機炭素環化合物よりその炭素環炭素に水酸基を結合形成することを特徴とする有機合成方法である。 For example, an organic synthesis method is characterized in that a hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbocyclic carbon from an organic carbocyclic compound as a reaction substrate.
より詳しくは、反応基質ベンゼンより高収率でフェノールを取得することを特徴とする有機合成方法が好適なものとして示される。 More specifically, an organic synthesis method characterized by obtaining phenol in a higher yield than the reaction substrate benzene is shown as being preferable.
また、本発明では、上記の酸化反応方法における触媒組成物であって、酸化反応触媒とともに所定の部分酸化段階での有機反応生成物を吸着回収可能とする吸着剤とを含むことを特徴とする酸化反応触媒組成物も提供される。 Further, the present invention is a catalyst composition in the above oxidation reaction method, characterized in that it comprises an adsorption reaction catalyst and an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and recovering an organic reaction product in a predetermined partial oxidation stage. An oxidation reaction catalyst composition is also provided.
本発明によれば、有機物を光触媒反応などにより酸化する場合、所望の段階まで酸化した生成物を高収率・高効率で得ることができる。 According to the present invention, when an organic substance is oxidized by a photocatalytic reaction or the like, a product oxidized to a desired stage can be obtained with high yield and high efficiency.
本発明の酸化反応方法では、過剰酸化を抑制して所定の部分酸化段階で反応を停止可能とする、有機反応基質の酸化反応触媒の存在下での酸化剤をもっての不均一系液相酸化反応方法であって、
前記所定の部分酸化段階での有機反応生成物を吸着回収可能とする吸着剤を共存させることを特徴としている。
In the oxidation reaction method of the present invention, a heterogeneous liquid phase oxidation reaction with an oxidant in the presence of an oxidation reaction catalyst of an organic reaction substrate that can suppress the excessive oxidation and stop the reaction at a predetermined partial oxidation stage. A method,
An adsorbent that makes it possible to adsorb and recover the organic reaction product in the predetermined partial oxidation stage coexists.
ここで、吸着剤は、本発明において必須の要件であり、かつ、本質的な特徴点である。吸着剤は、所定の部分酸化段階での有機反応生成物を吸着する。このことによって、過剰酸化反応を抑え、所定の部分酸化段階で反応を停止可能とする。 Here, the adsorbent is an essential requirement in the present invention and is an essential characteristic point. The adsorbent adsorbs the organic reaction product in a predetermined partial oxidation stage. As a result, the excessive oxidation reaction is suppressed, and the reaction can be stopped at a predetermined partial oxidation stage.
このため、所定の有機反応生成物の反応選択性、反応収率は、従来では全く予期、予想できない極めて高いレベルにまで向上することになる。 For this reason, the reaction selectivity and reaction yield of a predetermined organic reaction product are improved to an extremely high level that cannot be expected or predicted in the past.
このような本発明の吸着剤は、不均一系液相酸化反応系において、酸化反応触媒と共存状態にあればよく、液媒体中に混合分散状態でもよいし、その一部は、酸化反応触媒を付着もしくは担持した状態であってもよい。より好ましくは、少くとも一部の酸化触媒を担持可能とすることが考慮される。 Such an adsorbent of the present invention may be in a heterogeneous liquid phase oxidation reaction system as long as it is in a coexisting state with the oxidation reaction catalyst, and may be mixed and dispersed in the liquid medium, part of which is an oxidation reaction catalyst. May be attached or supported. More preferably, it is considered that at least a part of the oxidation catalyst can be supported.
吸着剤の種類や形状、構造、大きさ等については、酸化反応の種類、目的、そして酸化反応触媒の種類や機能によって定めることができる。一般的には、無機質または無機・有機複合の多孔質体や層状体が考慮される。これらはいずれも、所定の有機反応生成物を吸着保持することができ、また、これらを脱着分離可能として、有機反応生成物より所望の有機化合物を取得可能とするものであることが条件となる。これらは粒状体、板状体、あるいは円板状、筒状、柱状等の形態であってよい。各種の層状体をはじめ、ゼオライト、メソポーラスシリカ、多孔性配位高分子（ＰＣＰ、ＭＯＦなど）等も考慮される。 The type, shape, structure, size, etc. of the adsorbent can be determined by the type and purpose of the oxidation reaction and the type and function of the oxidation reaction catalyst. In general, an inorganic or inorganic / organic composite porous body or layered body is considered. All of these are capable of adsorbing and holding a predetermined organic reaction product, and that they can be desorbed and separated to obtain a desired organic compound from the organic reaction product. . These may be in the form of granules, plates, disks, cylinders, columns, or the like. In addition to various layered bodies, zeolite, mesoporous silica, porous coordination polymers (PCP, MOF, etc.) and the like are also considered.
なかでも、層状体が本発明において好ましく考慮される。層状体の層間に前記有機反応生成物が吸着保持されること、さらには前記の酸化反応触媒の少くとも一部が担持されることが考慮される。 Among these, a layered body is preferably considered in the present invention. It is considered that the organic reaction product is adsorbed and held between the layers of the layered body, and that at least a part of the oxidation reaction catalyst is supported.
このような層状体としては、例えばケイ酸系層状体やアルミノケイ酸系層状体（層状アルミノケイ酸塩、層状粘土鉱物）、チタン酸系層状体（層状チタン酸塩）、ニオブ酸系層状体（層状ニオブ酸塩）、チタノニオブ酸系層状体（層状チタノニオブ酸塩）、リン酸系層状体（層状リン酸塩）、層状複水酸化物、グラファイト等が例として挙げられる。層状体においては、層間へのインターカレーションにより層間距離や、層間のイオン性状等が制御される。これによって、目的とする有機反応生成物の分子の大きさや酸性度、塩基性度等に応じた吸着剤の調製が可能となる。 Examples of such layered bodies include silicic acid-based layered bodies and aluminosilicate-based layered bodies (layered aluminosilicates, layered clay minerals), titanic acid-based layered bodies (layered titanates), niobic acid-based layered bodies (layered layers) Examples thereof include niobate salts, titanoniobic acid layered bodies (layered titanoniobate salts), phosphoric acid layered bodies (layered phosphates), layered double hydroxides, and graphite. In the layered body, interlayer distance, interlayer ionic properties, and the like are controlled by intercalation between layers. This makes it possible to prepare an adsorbent according to the molecular size, acidity, basicity, etc. of the target organic reaction product.
酸化反応触媒についても様々に、酸化反応の種類、所望の目的、有機反応生成物の種類、そして酸化反応の選択性や収率の観点より定めることができる。 The oxidation reaction catalyst can also be variously determined from the viewpoints of the type of oxidation reaction, the desired purpose, the type of organic reaction product, and the selectivity and yield of the oxidation reaction.
その種類については、一般的には、酸化物等の無機化合物、錯体、金属のうちの１種以上が考慮される。これらは、その形態も、粒状、塊状、板状等の各種であってよい。酸化反応触媒は、太陽光等による光励起触媒作用を有していてもよい。光酸化反応として注目される反応のための触媒である。例えば、酸化チタン（ＴｉＯ２等）をはじめ、酸化チタンに硫黄や窒素など陰のイオンをドープしたもの、酸化亜鉛、酸化タングステン、酸化ニオブ、酸化セシウム、およびこれらと金などの貴金属微粒子との複合体、窒化ガリウム、酸化亜鉛固溶体等が例示される。なかでも、酸化チタンまたはこれを主として含むものが好ましく考慮される。 In general, one or more of inorganic compounds such as oxides, complexes, and metals are considered for the type. These may be in various forms such as granular, lump, and plate. The oxidation reaction catalyst may have a photoexcitation catalytic action by sunlight or the like. It is a catalyst for a reaction that is attracting attention as a photo-oxidation reaction. For example, titanium oxide (TiO 2 etc.), titanium oxide doped with negative ions such as sulfur and nitrogen, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, cesium oxide, and composites of these with noble metal fine particles such as gold Body, gallium nitride, zinc oxide solid solution and the like. Among these, titanium oxide or one mainly containing this is preferably considered.
酸化剤については分子状酸素、あるいは酸素供与性物質を反応系に共存させることであってもよい。 As for the oxidizing agent, molecular oxygen or an oxygen donating substance may coexist in the reaction system.
本発明の酸化反応は、反応基質は有機化合物の各種であってよく、例えば炭化水素、そして各種の官能基をこれに有するもの等である。 In the oxidation reaction of the present invention, the reaction substrate may be various organic compounds such as hydrocarbons and those having various functional groups.
本発明においては、特に、具体的には、反応基質としてのベンゼン、フェノール、カテコール、ヒドロキノン、シクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン等の有機炭素環化合物よりその炭素環炭素に水酸基を結合形成する有機合成方法、例えば、反応基質ベンゼンより高収率でフェノールを取得することを特徴とする有機合成方法に着目している。 In the present invention, specifically, an organic synthesis method in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbocyclic carbon from an organic carbocyclic compound such as benzene, phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, etc. as a reaction substrate, for example, Attention is focused on an organic synthesis method characterized in that phenol is obtained in a higher yield than the reaction substrate benzene.
以下の実施例では、ＴｉＯ２を使用した場合でさえも所望の部分酸化をおこなうための高度の光触媒活性を達成する新規な方法について説明する。なお、実施例では部分酸化の例としてベンゼンからフェノール及びカテコールを高い選択性を以て合成するという二種類の具体的な反応を例として説明するが、これにより本発明の一般性が失われるわけではない。 The following examples describe a novel method of achieving a high degree of photocatalytic activity for performing the desired partial oxidation even when using TiO 2 . In the examples, two specific reactions of synthesizing phenol and catechol from benzene with high selectivity will be described as examples of partial oxidation. However, this does not lose the generality of the present invention. .
［ベンゼンからのフェノールの高選択性合成］
フェノールは現在のところ３段階のクメン法によってベンゼンから製造されているが、これは産業上最も重要な化学物質の一つである。クメン法はエネルギーを多く消費し、フェノールの収率が低く、また以降の工程で分離を必要とすることになる複製物を生成するため、ベンゼンの直接酸化を行うための触媒の開発の努力が精力的に払われてきた（非特許文献７〜１８）。
[Highly selective synthesis of phenol from benzene]
Phenol is currently produced from benzene by a three-stage cumene process, which is one of the most important chemicals in the industry. The cumene process consumes a lot of energy, yields low phenol yields, and produces replicas that will require separation in subsequent steps, thus making efforts to develop catalysts for direct oxidation of benzene. It has been paid vigorously (Non-Patent Documents 7 to 18).
ＴｉＯ２上で有機基質を部分酸化する場合の困難な問題の一つは、所望の生成物が簡単に過剰酸化されてしまうことである。Ｏ２が溶融している水を使ってＴｉＯ２上でベンゼンの光触媒酸化を行っている間に、一旦生成されたフェノールは直ちに過剰酸化されてカテコールおよびヒドロキノンといったヒドロキシフェノールとなり、最終的には二酸化炭素に酸化されるが、これはヒロドキシルラジカルのような高度に酸化性のラジカル種が存在するからである（非特許文献１９）。 One of the difficult problems with partial oxidation of organic substrates on TiO 2 is that the desired product is easily overoxidized. During the photocatalytic oxidation of benzene on TiO 2 using water in which O 2 is melted, the phenol once produced is immediately over-oxidized to hydroxyphenols such as catechol and hydroquinone, and finally the dioxide. It is oxidized to carbon because there are highly oxidizing radical species such as a hydroxyl radical (Non-patent Document 19).
本発明者はこの問題を解決するため鋭意研究を行った結果、図１に概念的に示すように、光触媒反応が行われている間に水、ベンゼン及びフェノールの混合物中からフェノールを直ちにかつ高い選択性を以て吸着する吸着剤を反応系に共存させておくことで、光触媒反応で形成されたフェノールをＴｉＯ２から分離して過剰酸化を防止できることを確認した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve this problem, the present inventor has found that phenol is immediately and high out of a mixture of water, benzene and phenol during the photocatalytic reaction as conceptually shown in FIG. It was confirmed that by allowing an adsorbent that adsorbs with selectivity to coexist in the reaction system, phenol formed by the photocatalytic reaction can be separated from TiO 2 to prevent excessive oxidation.
層状粘土鉱物のような層状無機固体は、層毎に構成されているナノメートル厚の層によりもたらされる大きな表面積及び表面反応性（イオン交換性、水素結合、その他）を有しているため、吸着材として広く研究されてきた（非特許文献２０）。例えば、マガディアイトは天然の層状ケイ酸塩の一種であり、また単純な水熱反応によって容易に得ることができる（非特許文献２１、２２）。図１（ｂ）に示すように、マガディアイトの層間ナトリウムイオンを陽イオン交換することで得られる層状ケイ酸Ｈ−ｍａｇは、表面のシラノール基との水素結合相互作用により、層間スペースにアルコールのような各種の極性有機物分子を取り込むことが知られている（非特許文献２３、２４）。本発明では、Ｎａ−ｍａｇ及びＨ−ｍａｇを作製して、水とベンゼンとの存在下での（つまり、ベンゼン水溶液からの）フェノール吸着の挙動を評価している。 Layered inorganic solids such as layered clay minerals adsorb because of the large surface area and surface reactivity (ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, etc.) provided by the nanometer-thick layers made up of layers It has been widely studied as a material (Non-patent Document 20). For example, magadiite is a kind of natural layered silicate and can be easily obtained by a simple hydrothermal reaction (Non-patent Documents 21 and 22). As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the layered silicic acid H-mag obtained by cation exchange of the sodium sodium ions of magadiite is free of alcohol in the interlayer space due to hydrogen bond interaction with the silanol groups on the surface. It is known to incorporate such various polar organic molecules (Non-patent Documents 23 and 24). In the present invention, Na-mag and H-mag are produced and the behavior of phenol adsorption in the presence of water and benzene (that is, from an aqueous benzene solution) is evaluated.
図２（ａ）には、ベンゼンとフェノールの混合水溶液からＨ−ｍａｇへのフェノールの吸着量の時間変化を示す。この結果から、フェノールの吸着は分のスケールで起こったことがわかる。図２（ｂ）より、ベンゼン混合物水溶液からＨ−ｍａｇへのフェノール吸着の吸着等温線は、Giles分類によればＨ型であった（非特許文献２５）。このことは吸着材−吸着質間の強い相互作用を表している。これらの結果から、Ｈ−ｍａｇはベンゼンが存在していてもフェノールを水から直ちにかつ選択的に吸着できることがわかる。他方、ナトリウムイオン交換を行っていないＮａ−ｍａｇは、図２（ｂ）に示されているようにフェノールをベンゼン混合水溶液からほとんど吸着しない。これは層間スペースに入っているナトリウムイオンと強い相互作用を示す水との競合によるものであると推定される。 FIG. 2 (a) shows the change over time of the amount of adsorption of phenol from the mixed aqueous solution of benzene and phenol to H-mag. This result shows that the adsorption of phenol occurred on the scale of minutes. From FIG. 2 (b), the adsorption isotherm of the phenol adsorption from the aqueous benzene mixture solution to H-mag was H type according to the Giles classification (Non-patent Document 25). This represents a strong interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. From these results, it can be seen that H-mag can adsorb phenol immediately and selectively from water even in the presence of benzene. On the other hand, Na-mag not performing sodium ion exchange hardly adsorbs phenol from the benzene mixed aqueous solution as shown in FIG. It is presumed that this is due to competition between sodium ions in the interlaminar space and water that has a strong interaction.
ＴｉＯ２上での光触媒反応によるベンゼンの酸化は水を溶媒かつ酸化剤として、またＯ２を酸化剤として使用し、太陽光シミュレーターの照射（λ≧３２０ｎｍ）下で、Ｎａ−ｍａｇあるいはＨ−ｍａｇが入った状態及び入っていない状態で行った。ＴｉＯ２は微粒子ではなくサイズが数ｍｍ平方のフレーク状のものを使用し、これにより光触媒反応後、反応混合物中からＴｉＯ２を簡単に取り出し、吸着材だけからそれに取り込まれているかもしれない反応生成物を溶出できるようにした。その際のフレーク状ＴｉＯ２の製造方法、それを使用した光触媒反応の実験方法、その結果の測定方法については後述の「実施例」において説明している。このようにして行った光触媒反応による酸化の結果を表１にまとめた。 Oxidation of benzene by photocatalytic reaction on TiO 2 uses water as a solvent and an oxidizing agent, and O 2 as an oxidizing agent. Under irradiation of a solar simulator (λ ≧ 320 nm), Na-mag or H-mag The test was performed with and without. TiO 2 is not a fine particle, but a flake with a size of several millimeters square is used. By this, after photocatalytic reaction, TiO 2 can be easily taken out from the reaction mixture, and the reaction may be taken in only from the adsorbent. The product was allowed to elute. The production method of flaky TiO 2 at that time, the experimental method of the photocatalytic reaction using the same, and the measurement method of the result are described in “Examples” described later. The results of oxidation by the photocatalytic reaction thus performed are summarized in Table 1.
吸着材なしでＴｉＯ２だけを使用した場合には、カテコール、ハイドロキノン、１，２，３−トリヒドロキシベンゼンのような過剰酸化生成物が光触媒反応後の反応混合物の上澄みのクロマトグラム（図３（ａ）中の最下部）中に検出され、表１に示すように、２４時間の光照射後、約８０％のベンゼン変換率に対して４％のフェノール選択率が得られている。 When only TiO 2 is used without an adsorbent, an excess oxidation product such as catechol, hydroquinone, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene is a chromatogram of the supernatant of the reaction mixture after the photocatalytic reaction (FIG. 3 ( As shown in Table 1, after 4 hours of light irradiation, a phenol selectivity of 4% was obtained for a benzene conversion of about 80%.
しかしながら、Ｈ−ｍａｇが入っていた場合には、同一の光照射条件の下で、約８０％のベンゼン変換率にもかかわらず、フェノールも過剰酸化生成物も上澄み液中には検出されず（図３（ａ）の最上部のクロマトグラム）、Ｈ−ｍａｇのエタノール水溶液による溶出液のクロマトグラム（図３（ｂ）の上部）中にはフェノールだけが検出された。この反応条件の場合には、表１に示すように、約８０％のベンゼン変換率に対して、フェノールは選択率１００％で回収された。ここで、図３（ｃ）のグラフ中に黒色小円でプロットしてあるように、光触媒反応の全過程にわたって、反応混合物中にはフェノールがほとんど検出されなかったことに注目される。 However, when H-mag was contained, neither phenol nor excessive oxidation products were detected in the supernatant liquid under the same light irradiation conditions despite the benzene conversion rate of about 80% ( Only phenol was detected in the chromatogram of the eluate of the aqueous ethanol solution of H-mag (upper part of FIG. 3B) in FIG. 3A. Under these reaction conditions, as shown in Table 1, phenol was recovered at a selectivity of 100% for a benzene conversion of about 80%. Here, it is noted that almost no phenol was detected in the reaction mixture over the entire photocatalytic reaction, as plotted with black circles in the graph of FIG. 3 (c).
これらの結果から、Ｈ−ｍａｇは一旦形成されたフェノールを非常に急速かつ選択的に吸着するので、フェノールはほとんど過剰酸化されず、その結果、選択的にまた効率的に回収されることが確認された。フェノールがＴｉＯ２表面から分離された結果、吸着されたフェノールは安定化された（非特許文献２６）。ＴｉＯ２表面上に生成された酸化性のラジカル種が活性を失う前にＨ−ｍａｇ内部に拡散していくのは困難であると考えられる。他方、表１に示すように、Ｈ−ｍａｇに代えてＮａ−ｍａｇを使用した場合には、フェノール回収の効率はかなり低いものとなった。この場合にはフェノールが反応混合物とＮａ−ｍａｇからの溶出液の双方から検出された（図３（ａ）の中央のクロマトグラム及び図３（ｂ）の下側のクロマトグラム）という事実から判断するに、Ｎａ−ｍａｇは光触媒反応過程において相対的に弱い相互作用によりフェノールを繰り返し吸着しまた放出していたものと考えられる。他の要因として、疎水性と親水性のような反応媒体（純水、水・Ｈ−ｍａｇ分散系、水・Ｎａ−ｍａｇ分散系）の性質の変動がＴｉＯ２の光触媒反応の性能に影響した可能性もある（非特許文献２７）。 From these results, H-mag adsorbs the phenol once formed very rapidly and selectively, so that the phenol is hardly over-oxidized, and as a result, it is confirmed that it is selectively and efficiently recovered. It was done. As a result of the separation of the phenol from the TiO 2 surface, the adsorbed phenol was stabilized (Non-patent Document 26). It is considered difficult for the oxidizing radical species generated on the TiO 2 surface to diffuse into the H-mag before losing activity. On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, when Na-mag was used instead of H-mag, the efficiency of phenol recovery was considerably low. In this case, judgment was made based on the fact that phenol was detected from both the reaction mixture and the eluate from Na-mag (the central chromatogram in FIG. 3 (a) and the lower chromatogram in FIG. 3 (b)). Thus, Na-mag is thought to have repeatedly adsorbed and released phenol due to relatively weak interaction during the photocatalytic reaction process. As another factor, fluctuations in properties of reaction media such as hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity (pure water, water / H-mag dispersion, water / Na-mag dispersion) affected the performance of TiO 2 photocatalytic reaction. There is a possibility (Non-patent Document 27).
本プロセスは豊富に存在しまた安全な材料及び試薬（ＴｉＯ２、ケイ酸塩、水、Ｏ２及びエタノール）しか必要としないにもかかわらず、ここで達成されたフェノール製造（回収）の活性度はベンゼンの直接酸化についての触媒プロセスや光触媒プロセスについてこれまでに報告されたものに比べて大幅に高い。この活性度はまた、チタノケイ酸ゼオライトについて報告された結果と比べてもかなり高い。このチタノケイ酸ゼオライトの結果では、２４時間の紫外光（太陽光ではなく）照射によりベンゼン変換率が２０％未満で６５％のフェノール選択率を達成したというものである（非特許文献６）。本発明で用いた非多孔質ＴｉＯ２はベンゼン及びフェノールの拡散を制限しないため、高い活性が実現した。 The process abundant and also safe materials and reagents even though no (TiO 2, silicates, water, O 2 and ethanol) requires only the activity of the achieved are phenol produced (recovered) where Is significantly higher than previously reported for catalytic and photocatalytic processes for direct oxidation of benzene. This activity is also considerably higher than the results reported for titanosilicate zeolites. According to the result of this titanosilicate zeolite, a phenol selectivity of 65% was achieved at a benzene conversion rate of less than 20% by irradiation with ultraviolet light (not sunlight) for 24 hours (Non-patent Document 6). Since the non-porous TiO 2 used in the present invention does not limit the diffusion of benzene and phenol, high activity was realized.
従来技術においては、ＴｉＯ２微粒子を層間スペースに担持した層状粘土（非特許文献２８）や層状粘土の粒子表面上に担持されたＴｉＯ２（非特許文献２９）のようなＴｉＯ２と層状ケイ酸塩との組み合わせは、有機基質の分解（完全酸化）を志向して研究されてきた。この種の研究においては、層状の粘土は有機基質を触媒表面近傍に集める役割を演じていた。これに対して、本発明は層状ケイ酸塩が有機基質の部分酸化のためにＴｉＯ２から隔離する物質として重要な機能を果たすことを初めて明らかにしている。 In the prior art, TiO 2 and layered silicic acid such as layered clay in which TiO 2 fine particles are supported in an interlayer space (Non-patent Document 28) and TiO 2 (Non-patent Document 29) supported on the particle surface of the layered clay are used. Combinations with salts have been studied with the aim of degrading organic substrates (complete oxidation). In this type of research, layered clay played the role of collecting organic substrates near the catalyst surface. In contrast, the present invention demonstrates for the first time that layered silicates serve an important function as sequestering substances from TiO 2 for partial oxidation of organic substrates.
層状無機固体に基づく吸着材は、前記したとおり、多様なサイズ及び構造を有する広範な有機物分子に対して、インターカレーション反応により吸着機能を個別に調整することができる（非特許文献２０）。フェノールその他のファインケミカル物質を環境面でまた経済面で良好な態様での製造を現実的なものにするためには、反応条件（光照射強度、光触媒の種類（非特許文献３０、３１）、添加する吸着材の種類及び量、反応装置（非特許文献３２）、その他）の最適化を行うことができる。 As described above, the adsorbent based on the layered inorganic solid can individually adjust the adsorption function for a wide range of organic molecules having various sizes and structures by an intercalation reaction (Non-patent Document 20). In order to make the production of phenol and other fine chemical substances in an environmentally and economically favorable manner realistic, reaction conditions (light irradiation intensity, type of photocatalyst (Non-patent Documents 30, 31), addition It is possible to optimize the type and amount of adsorbent to be used and the reactor (Non-Patent Document 32) and the like.
なお、以上説明した例では、少量のバッジ生産に適する装置、手順を使用して行ったものであるが、より工業用途に適する反応装置構成（流通式反応装置）も可能である。例えば、図４に概略的に示した構成では、光を透過する反応管中にＴｉＯ２等の光触媒粉末とＨ−ｍａｇ等の吸着材粉末とを充填する。ここに太陽光（あるいは人工照明光）を照射しながらＯ２を含んだベンゼン水溶液を流す。上記の例と同様にして、ベンゼン水溶液中のベンゼンは光触媒表面近傍で酸化される。ベンゼンの酸化がフェノールまで進行した段階で、このフェノールは直ちに近接した吸着剤に吸着される（（ａ）ベンゼン酸化過程）。反応管の長さ、光の強度、ベンゼン水溶液の流速などを適切に設定することにより、高いベンゼン変換率が得られる。吸着剤がフェノールで飽和する前にベンゼン水溶液の流通を停止し、また光照射を停止してから、エタノール水溶液を反応管に流す（（ｂ）フェノール溶出過程）。これにより、吸着剤からフェノールが溶出されるので、下流の工程でこの溶出液からフェノールを取り出す。これにより、ベンゼンの部分酸化によるフェノールの合成を本発明に基づいて連続的に行うことができる。 In the example described above, the apparatus and procedure suitable for producing a small amount of badges are used. However, a reaction apparatus configuration (flow-type reaction apparatus) more suitable for industrial use is also possible. For example, in the configuration schematically shown in FIG. 4, a photocatalyst powder such as TiO 2 and an adsorbent powder such as H-mag are filled in a reaction tube that transmits light. A benzene aqueous solution containing O 2 is allowed to flow while irradiating sunlight (or artificial illumination light). Similarly to the above example, benzene in the benzene aqueous solution is oxidized near the surface of the photocatalyst. At the stage where the oxidation of benzene has progressed to phenol, this phenol is immediately adsorbed by the adjacent adsorbent ((a) benzene oxidation process). By appropriately setting the length of the reaction tube, the light intensity, the flow rate of the aqueous benzene solution, etc., a high benzene conversion rate can be obtained. Before the adsorbent is saturated with phenol, the flow of the benzene aqueous solution is stopped, and after the light irradiation is stopped, the aqueous ethanol solution is passed through the reaction tube ((b) phenol elution process). Thereby, since phenol is eluted from the adsorbent, phenol is taken out from this eluate in a downstream process. Thereby, the synthesis | combination of the phenol by the partial oxidation of benzene can be continuously performed based on this invention.
ここで、以上説明したところの、ベンゼンからフェノールを高い選択性を以て合成する反応で使用したフレーク状ＴｉＯ２光触媒、Ｎａ−ｍａｇ及びＨ−ｍａｇの作製並びに光触媒反応の実際の手順を説明する。 Here, the preparation of the flaky TiO 2 photocatalyst used in the reaction for synthesizing phenol from benzene with high selectivity as described above, Na-mag and H-mag, and the actual procedure of the photocatalytic reaction will be described.
○フレーク状ＴｉＯ２光触媒の作製
粒子サイズが２０ｎｍのアナターゼ型ＴｉＯ２を６重量％含み、ｐＨを１０に調整した水性懸濁液（多木化学株式会社製Tynoc A-6）をガラス基板上に塗布した。室温で３日間溶媒を蒸発させた後、厚さが１ｍｍ未満のひびの入った膜が得られた。この膜を基板から剥離して数ｍｍ平方のＴｉＯ２フレークを得た。これを４００℃で５時間、空気中で焼成して、ＴｉＯ２表面に吸着していた界面活性剤を除去した。
○Ｎａ−ｍａｇ及びＨ−ｍａｇの作製、並びに吸着試験
Ｎａ−ｍａｇをＳｉＯ２、ＮａＯＨ、Ｈ２Ｏ間の１５０℃で２日間の水熱反応によって合成した（非特許文献２２）。Ｎａ−ｍａｇ（５ｇ）をＨＣｌ水溶液（２００ｍＬ、１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）で処理し、次いで水洗することで、Ｈ−ｍａｇを得た。ガラス容器中のベンゼンとフェノールの混合水溶液中にこの吸着剤を６０ｍｇ添加し、この混合物を室温で１日振盪した。その上澄みをろ過によって分離し、高性能液体クロマトグラフィー（ＨＰＬＣ）によって定量分析した。
○光触媒反応
Pyrex（登録商標）ガラス製の透明部分を備えたステンレス製密閉容器（７５ｍＬ）中のフレーク状ＴｉＯ２（６０ｍｇ）、吸着剤（Ｈ−ｍａｇまたはＮａ−ｍａｇ）（６０ｍｇ）及びベンゼン（１５４μｍｏｌ）水溶液（２０ｍＬ、Ｏ２飽和）の混合物を４２℃で振盪しながら太陽光シミュレーターXES-155S1（株式会社三永電機製作所製）により２４時間光照射した。反応後、その上澄みをろ過によって分離し、ＨＰＬＣによって定量分析した。また、ろ過で得られた固形分からフレーク状ＴｉＯ２をピンセットで取り除いた後のもの、つまり吸着剤として使用したＨ−ｍａｇ／Ｎａ−ｍａｇ、を１００ｍＬのエタノール水溶液（体積比１：１）で洗浄し、その溶出液をやはりＨＰＬＣにより定量分析した。
Preparation of flaky TiO 2 photocatalyst An aqueous suspension (Tynoc A-6, manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.) containing 6% by weight of anatase TiO 2 having a particle size of 20 nm and adjusted to pH 10 on a glass substrate Applied. After evaporating the solvent at room temperature for 3 days, a cracked film with a thickness of less than 1 mm was obtained. This film was peeled from the substrate to obtain TiO 2 flakes of several mm square. This was baked in the air at 400 ° C. for 5 hours to remove the surfactant adsorbed on the TiO 2 surface.
○ Production of Na-mag and H-mag, and adsorption test Na-mag was synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction at 150 ° C between SiO 2 , NaOH and H 2 O for 2 days (Non-patent Document 22). Na-mag (5 g) was treated with an aqueous HCl solution (200 mL, 1 mol / L) and then washed with water to obtain H-mag. 60 mg of this adsorbent was added to a mixed aqueous solution of benzene and phenol in a glass container, and the mixture was shaken at room temperature for 1 day. The supernatant was separated by filtration and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
○ Photocatalytic reaction
Flaky TiO 2 (60 mg), adsorbent (H-mag or Na-mag) (60 mg), and aqueous solution of benzene (154 μmol) in a stainless sealed container (75 mL) with a transparent portion made of Pyrex® glass. The mixture (20 mL, O 2 saturated) was irradiated with light by a solar simulator XES-155S1 (manufactured by Mitsunaga Electric Co., Ltd.) for 24 hours while shaking at 42 ° C. After the reaction, the supernatant was separated by filtration and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. Further, the flaky TiO 2 from solids obtained by filtration which is after removal with tweezers, i.e. H-mag / Na-mag, the 100mL of aqueous ethanol was used as the adsorbent (volume ratio 1: 1) washed The eluate was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.
これらの分析に基づく結果を前記表１として示した。 The results based on these analyzes are shown in Table 1 above.
［ベンゼンからのカテコールの高選択性合成］ 上の実施例においては、ＴｉＯ２によるベンゼンの酸化の際にフェノールを精密に認識する吸着材を添加すると、生成したフェノールが迅速かつ選択的、効率的に吸着材にトラップされ過剰酸化が抑制されるのでことを利用し、反応後吸着剤を洗浄することでフェノールを高効率かつ高純度に回収できることを示した。本発明はこのような特定の形態に限定されるものではなく、より汎用的なものであることを明らかにするため、以下では本発明をカテコール合成に適用した別の実施例を示す。 [Highly Selective Synthesis of Catechol from Benzene] In the above example, when an adsorbent that accurately recognizes phenol is added during the oxidation of benzene with TiO 2, the resulting phenol is rapidly, selectively and efficiently produced. It was shown that phenol can be recovered with high efficiency and high purity by washing the adsorbent after the reaction by utilizing the fact that it is trapped by the adsorbent and excessive oxidation is suppressed. In order to clarify that the present invention is not limited to such a specific form and is more versatile, another embodiment in which the present invention is applied to catechol synthesis will be described below.
カテコールは様々な用途で使用されている基礎化学品であるが、現在は主にフェノールを過酸化水素で酸化することにより製造されている。しかしながら、この製造法は生成物中にタール成分を多量に生成してしまい、目的物の選択率が低い（例えば、特許文献１）。光触媒によるフェノール酸化プロセスも検討されているが、他のフェノール類の生成や生成したカテコールの過剰酸化が起こり、カテコールを選択的に合成するのは困難であった（例えば、非特許文献３５）。 Catechol is a basic chemical used in various applications, but it is currently produced mainly by oxidizing phenol with hydrogen peroxide. However, this production method produces a large amount of tar components in the product, and the selectivity of the target product is low (for example, Patent Document 1). A phenol oxidation process using a photocatalyst has also been studied. However, it has been difficult to selectively synthesize catechol due to the generation of other phenols and excessive oxidation of the produced catechol (for example, Non-Patent Document 35).
本実施例では、図５にその反応の過程を概念的に示すように、カテコールを精密に認識する吸着材を用いることで、ＴｉＯ２によるベンゼンのカテコールへの選択的な酸化を行い、これによってカテコールの高選択性合成を行う。ここで吸着材として用いたＨＵＳ−７（Hiroshima University Silicate-7）は、最近非特許文献３６によりその合成が報告された材料である。ＨＵＳ−７は、図６にその構造を図式的に示すように、シリケートシートと層間のベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムイオンからなる層状ケイ酸塩である。 In this example, as shown conceptually in FIG. 5, the adsorbent that accurately recognizes catechol is used to selectively oxidize benzene to catechol by TiO 2 , thereby Performs highly selective synthesis of catechol. Here HUS-7 was used as an adsorbent in (H iroshima U niversity S ilicate- 7) is a material whose synthesis was reported by recent Non-Patent Document 36. HUS-7 is a layered silicate composed of a silicate sheet and benzyltrimethylammonium ions between layers, as schematically shown in FIG.
非特許文献３６自体には、ＨＵＳ−７がカテコールを選択的に吸着すること等については開示がない。本願発明者らはＨＵＳ−７について研究を進めた結果、ＨＵＳ−７がベンゼン、フェノール及びカテコールを含むアセトニトリル混合溶液中からカテコールを迅速に（図７）、しかも選択的かつ効率的（図８）に吸着することを発見した。具体的に説明すれば、図５はベンゼン、フェノール、カテコールを含むアセトニトリル混合溶液からのＨＵＳ−７によるカテコール及びフェノールのそれぞれの吸着の速度を表し、図８は混合溶液からのカテコール及びフェノールのそれぞれの吸着等温線を表す。何れの測定でも、混合液（２０ｍＬ）とＨＵＳ−７（５０ｍｇ）とを攪拌し、攪拌後、固液分離して得た上澄み液をＨＰＬＣで分析することで、上澄み液中の各成分の残存量を求めた。なお、吸着等温線を求めるに当たっては、上記攪拌を２４時間行って平衡に達したところで固液分離した。図７から、ＨＵＳ−７は混合溶液中からカテコール（黒四角）をごく短時間（数分〜十数分程度）のうちに急速に吸収する一方で、フェノール（黒丸）については１５００分経過後もほとんど吸収しないことが判る。また、図８の吸着等温線を見ると、ＨＵＳ−７は混合溶液中のカテコール（黒四角）が低濃度でも効率的に吸着する（グラフの左上側）ことで、生成されたカテコールを、低濃度のうちに即座に吸着するが、フェノール（黒丸）については混合液中の濃度にかかわらずほとんど吸着しない（グラフの右下側）ことがわかる。先の実施例でフェノールの吸着について説明したのと同様に、混合溶液からのＨＵＳ−７へのカテコールの吸着等温線もＨ型を示し、ＨＵＳ−７とカテコールとの強い相互作用を示唆している。 Non-Patent Document 36 itself does not disclose that HUS-7 selectively adsorbs catechol. As a result of advancing research on the HUS-7, the inventors of the present application quickly (see FIG. 7), and selectively and efficiently catechol from an acetonitrile mixed solution containing benzene, phenol and catechol (see FIG. 8). Found to adsorb to Specifically, FIG. 5 shows the rate of adsorption of catechol and phenol by HUS-7 from an acetonitrile mixed solution containing benzene, phenol and catechol, and FIG. 8 shows each of catechol and phenol from the mixed solution. Represents the adsorption isotherm. In any measurement, the liquid mixture (20 mL) and HUS-7 (50 mg) were stirred, and after stirring, the supernatant liquid obtained by solid-liquid separation was analyzed by HPLC, whereby each component in the supernatant liquid remained. The amount was determined. In obtaining the adsorption isotherm, solid-liquid separation was performed when the above stirring was performed for 24 hours and equilibrium was reached. From FIG. 7, HUS-7 absorbs catechol (black square) rapidly from the mixed solution within a very short time (several minutes to several tens of minutes), while phenol (black circle) after 1500 minutes. Can hardly be absorbed. In addition, when the adsorption isotherm in FIG. 8 is seen, HUS-7 efficiently adsorbs catechol in the mixed solution (black square) even at a low concentration (upper left side of the graph), thereby reducing the generated catechol. Although it adsorbs immediately within the concentration, phenol (black circle) hardly adsorbs regardless of the concentration in the mixed solution (lower right side of the graph). Similar to the description of the adsorption of phenol in the previous example, the adsorption isotherm of catechol from the mixed solution to HUS-7 also shows the H type, suggesting a strong interaction between HUS-7 and catechol. Yes.
本願発明者らはこの知見に基づいて、ＴｉＯ２によるアセトニトリル中のベンゼンの酸化をＨＵＳ−７の存在下で行えばカテコールを選択的に回収できるとの着想を得た。光触媒反応の検討の前に、先ず有機化合物を含むＨＵＳ−７の（疑似太陽光に含まれる）紫外光に対する安定性を評価した。図９は、ベンゼンアセトニトリル溶液とＨＵＳ−７との混合液に紫外領域の様々な波長の単色光を６ｈ照射した後の上澄液のＨＰＬＣクロマトグラムである。どの波長の紫外光を照射した後も、ベンジルアルコールなど、ＨＵＳ−７層間ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムイオンの分解で派生したと思われる様々な化学種が検出された。この結果は、ＴｉＯ２光触媒作用の発現に必要な紫外光照射下では、ＨＵＳ−７が安定な吸着材として利用できないことを強く示唆している。実際にＨＵＳ−７（６０ｍｇ）を、バッチ式での（すなわち、ベンゼンのアセトニトリル溶液、ＴｉＯ２及びＨＵＳ−７をすべて収容した単一の光照射容器を用いて混合物を攪拌）、疑似太陽光照射下でのＴｉＯ２（数ｍｍ角のフレーク状に成形、６０ｍｇ）によるアセトニトリル中のベンゼン（６００ｐｐｍ、２０ｍＬ）の酸化に利用したところ、反応後回収したＨＵＳ−７を洗浄しても、カテコールは全く溶出しなかった。これは紫外光照射によって吸着材の構造が壊れ、カテコール認識機能が損なわれたためと考えられる。なお、未照射の場合もピークが観察されてるが、これはＹ軸がかなり拡大されて表示されているため、溶媒（高純度アセトニトリル）中の不純物が見えているためである。 Based on this finding, the inventors of the present application have come up with the idea that catechol can be selectively recovered by oxidizing benzene in acetonitrile with TiO 2 in the presence of HUS-7. Before examining the photocatalytic reaction, first, the stability of HUS-7 containing an organic compound to ultraviolet light (included in pseudo sunlight) was evaluated. FIG. 9 is an HPLC chromatogram of the supernatant after irradiating a mixture of a benzeneacetonitrile solution and HUS-7 with monochromatic light of various wavelengths in the ultraviolet region for 6 hours. After irradiation with ultraviolet light of any wavelength, various chemical species such as benzyl alcohol, which are thought to be derived from the decomposition of HUS-7 interlayer benzyltrimethylammonium ions, were detected. This result strongly suggests that HUS-7 cannot be used as a stable adsorbent under ultraviolet light irradiation necessary for the expression of TiO 2 photocatalysis. Actually HUS-7 (60 mg) in batch mode (ie, stirring the mixture using a single light irradiation vessel containing all benzene in acetonitrile, TiO 2 and HUS-7), simulated sunlight irradiation When used for the oxidation of benzene (600 ppm, 20 mL) in acetonitrile with TiO 2 (formed into a few mm square flakes, 60 mg) below, no catechol was obtained even when HUS-7 recovered after the reaction was washed. It did not elute. This is thought to be because the structure of the adsorbent was broken by ultraviolet light irradiation and the catechol recognition function was impaired. In addition, although the peak is observed also in the case of non-irradiation, this is because the Y axis is displayed in a considerably enlarged manner, so that impurities in the solvent (high purity acetonitrile) are visible.
そこで、図１０の反応装置構成の写真に示すように、反応系をＴｉＯ２（数ミリ角フレーク、６００ｍｇ）を設置した光照射部（反応室）及びＨＵＳ−７（数ミリ角のフレーク状に成形、６００ｍｇ）を設置した暗所部（吸着室）に分離し、両者をシリコーン製チューブと循環ポンプで連結した反応装置を設計した。そして、装置内のベンゼンアセトニトリル溶液（６００ｐｍ、１３５ｍＬ）を流動させながら（流速２ｍＬｍｉｎ−１）、疑似太陽光照射を行った。触媒量や吸着材量、流速及びチューブ長を最適化した結果、６時間の反応でも、反応後ＨＵＳ−７を回収してエタノール水溶液（１００ｍＬ、体積比１：１）で洗浄することで、カテコールを回収率（収率＝生成カテコール／添加ベンゼン）１．１％、純度（選択率、ＨＰＬＣベース）９２％（残り８％はフェノール）で得ることができた。この実験では使用した装置固有の制限のために反応時間をフェノールの場合の実施例の２４時間に比べて大幅に短い６時間とした。この反応時間の短さに加えて、カテコールはベンゼンからフェノールを経て二段階の酸化を行うことで初めて得られ、かつフェノールの酸化でカテコール以外にもその異性体が生成されることを考えると、ここで達成された収率は良好な収率であると言うことができる。また、純度も十分に良好なものである。 Therefore, as shown in the photograph of the reactor configuration in FIG. 10, the reaction system is a light irradiation part (reaction chamber) in which TiO 2 (several millimeter square flakes, 600 mg) is installed and HUS-7 (several millimeter square flakes). A reactor was designed in which the molded part was separated into a dark place (adsorption chamber) where 600 mg was installed, and both were connected by a silicone tube and a circulation pump. Then, simulated sunlight irradiation was performed while flowing the benzeneacetonitrile solution (600 pm, 135 mL) in the apparatus (flow rate: 2 mLmin −1 ). As a result of optimizing the amount of catalyst, adsorbent, flow rate and tube length, even after 6 hours of reaction, HUS-7 was recovered after the reaction and washed with an aqueous ethanol solution (100 mL, volume ratio 1: 1). In a recovery rate (yield = product catechol / added benzene) of 1.1% and purity (selectivity, HPLC base) of 92% (the remaining 8% was phenol). In this experiment, due to the limitations inherent in the equipment used, the reaction time was 6 hours, which was significantly shorter than the 24 hours of the example in the case of phenol. In addition to this short reaction time, catechol is obtained for the first time by performing two-stage oxidation from benzene via phenol, and considering that the isomers are produced in addition to catechol by oxidation of phenol, It can be said that the yield achieved here is a good yield. Also, the purity is sufficiently good.
以上のように、反応装置を工夫することで、ＨＵＳ−７のように紫外光に弱い有機物を含む材料でも吸着材として用いることができた。今後、有機修飾粘土などの有機無機複合体、多孔性配位高分子（ＰＣＰ）や金属有機構造体（ＭＯＦ）など、様々なテーラーメード型吸着材を利用でき、本手法はさらに多様な基礎化学品の合成に応用できる。 As described above, by devising the reactor, a material containing an organic substance that is weak against ultraviolet light, such as HUS-7, could be used as an adsorbent. In the future, various tailor-made adsorbents such as organic-inorganic composites such as organically modified clay, porous coordination polymers (PCP), and metal organic structures (MOF) can be used. It can be applied to the synthesis of
上記分離型の反応装置のもう一つの利点として、光触媒反応および吸着反応を、温度制御によりそれぞれ独立に促進させることができる点が挙げられる。固体への液相からの有機化合物の吸着は低温ほど促進されることが良く知られている。一方、光触媒反応に関しては、高温ほど光触媒活性が向上することがある（例えば非特許文献３７）。光照射部および吸着部それぞれの温度を最適化することで、カテコールをはじめとする様々な基礎化学品を効率よく生産できる可能性がある。 Another advantage of the separation-type reaction apparatus is that the photocatalytic reaction and the adsorption reaction can be independently promoted by temperature control. It is well known that the adsorption of an organic compound from a liquid phase to a solid is promoted at a lower temperature. On the other hand, with respect to the photocatalytic reaction, the photocatalytic activity may improve as the temperature increases (for example, Non-Patent Document 37). There is a possibility that various basic chemicals including catechol can be efficiently produced by optimizing the temperatures of the light irradiation part and the adsorption part.
もちろん、本発明は以上説明した実施例に限定されるものではなく、他の光触媒や吸着剤を利用することができる。また、本発明はベンゼンからフェノールを合成する以外の反応にも利用することができ、更には光触媒反応以外にも応用が可能である。 Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and other photocatalysts and adsorbents can be used. The present invention can also be used for reactions other than the synthesis of phenol from benzene, and can be applied to applications other than photocatalytic reactions.
Claims (12)
前記酸化反応触媒と吸着剤との間で前記液相を循環させて前記所定の部分酸化段階での有機反応生成物を前記吸着剤で吸着することにより吸着回収可能とすることを特徴とする酸化反応方法。 A heterogeneous liquid-phase oxidation reaction method with an oxidant in the presence of an oxidation reaction catalyst for an organic reaction substrate, capable of stopping the reaction at a predetermined partial oxidation stage by suppressing excessive oxidation,
Oxide, characterized in that to enable the suction recovery by adsorbing the organic reaction product at the predetermined portion oxidation stage by circulating the liquid phase within the adsorbent and the oxidation catalyst in said adsorbent Reaction method.
前記酸化反応触媒を収容して前記有機反応基質の酸化反応が行われる反応室と、
吸着剤を収容して前記所定の部分酸化段階での有機反応生成物の吸着が行われる吸着室とを設け、
前記反応室と前記吸着室との間で前記液相を循環させる不均一系液相酸化反応装置。 A heterogeneous liquid-phase oxidation reaction apparatus with an oxidant in the presence of an oxidation reaction catalyst for an organic reaction substrate, capable of suppressing excessive oxidation and stopping the reaction at a predetermined partial oxidation stage,
A reaction chamber containing the oxidation reaction catalyst and in which an oxidation reaction of the organic reaction substrate is performed;
An adsorbing chamber containing an adsorbent and adsorbing an organic reaction product in the predetermined partial oxidation stage; and
A heterogeneous liquid phase oxidation reaction apparatus for circulating the liquid phase between the reaction chamber and the adsorption chamber.
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