JP6277857B2 - Cutting apparatus and cutting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting apparatus and a cutting method for drilling a workpiece using a cutting tool, and in particular, a cutting process for drilling a hole having a specified dimension from the lower surface of the workpiece to the bottom surface of the seat. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a cutting method.

  Conventionally, when a hole having a specified dimension from the lower surface to the bottom surface of the seat is cut on a workpiece, first, a through hole is first drilled with a cutting tool such as a drill and then a lower hole is processed. , Measure the plate thickness around the pilot hole with microwaves, calculate the height from the back to the seat bottom based on the measurement results, calculate the required amount of machining, and then sit down from the surface of the workpiece I was working on turning.

  Therefore, in the case of the conventional cutting process, two processes of the pilot hole process and the counter-sink process are necessary to perform the cutting process, and further, the cutting tool needs to be replaced when the process is shifted.

  In addition, since the dimension from the back to the bottom of the seat is specified from the back, it is difficult to measure the dimensions and determine the amount of processing, and there is no measuring instrument that can directly measure the height from the back to the bottom of the seat. For this reason, a necessary dimension is estimated from the result of measuring a nearby dimension, and the dimension at the actual position cannot be measured.

  Further, the workpiece has fluctuations and waviness in the plate thickness, and the dimensions differ depending on the location. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and record the dimensions for each processing position, which takes time. .

  Patent Document 1 relates to a control device and method for a cutting machine, and detects vibration during cutting with an AE sensor, compares an output value of the AE sensor with a preset threshold value, and compares the result. Based on this, a configuration is disclosed in which the feed rate of the cutting spindle is increased or decreased, or the operation of the cutting spindle is stopped.

JP 2004-291118 A

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a cutting device and a cutting method that enable accurate drilling and reduce working time.

  The present invention provides a cutting tool that is held by a cutting tool holder and in which a first cutting part and a second cutting part having a diameter larger than that of the first cutting part are integrated with each other, and the workpiece is approached and separated from the workpiece. A driving means for rotationally driving the cutting tool, a vibration sensor for detecting a load change of the cutting tool, and a control device are provided, and the control device performs the first operation on the workpiece based on the detection result of the vibration sensor. The present invention relates to a cutting device that detects a punching through the cutting part and causes the second cutting part to cut the workpiece by a preset feed amount after the punching is detected.

  The present invention is also a cutting method for drilling with a cutting tool in which a first cutting portion and a second cutting portion having a diameter larger than that of the first cutting portion are integrated, wherein the cutting of the first cutting portion is performed. A step of detecting a penetration of the workpiece due to a load change of the cutting tool, and feeding the cutting tool to the workpiece by a preset feed amount after the detection of the penetration, and the second cutting unit The present invention relates to a cutting method having a step of cutting a workpiece.

  According to the present invention, the cutting tool held by the cutting tool holder and the cutting tool in which the first cutting part and the second cutting part having a larger diameter than the first cutting part are integrated with and away from the workpiece. And a driving means for rotationally driving the cutting tool, a vibration sensor for detecting a load change of the cutting tool, and a control device, the control device based on a detection result of the vibration sensor for the workpiece. By detecting the punch through by the cutting of the first cutting portion and causing the second cutting portion to cut the workpiece by a preset feed amount after detecting the punch through, the thickness of the workpiece is increased by undulation or the like. Even if there is variation, it is possible to perform hole machining with the required dimensions without measuring the plate thickness of the workpiece, thereby simplifying the work process and shortening the work time.

  According to the present invention, there is also provided a cutting method for drilling with a cutting tool in which a first cutting portion and a second cutting portion having a diameter larger than that of the first cutting portion are integrated. Detecting a penetration of the workpiece by cutting based on a load change of the cutting tool, and feeding the cutting tool to the workpiece by a preset feed amount after the detection of the penetration, the second cutting unit Cutting the workpiece by the above, so that even if there is a variation in the plate thickness due to undulation or the like, the hole having the required size can be obtained without measuring the plate thickness of the workpiece. Processing can be performed, and an excellent effect that the working process can be simplified and the working time can be shortened is exhibited.

It is the schematic of the cutting apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. (A)-(F) are the principal part enlarged views explaining the hole processing which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the hole processing which concerns on the Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, referring to FIG. 1, a cutting apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  The cutting apparatus 1 includes a cutting machine 3 that performs cutting of the workpiece 2, and a control apparatus 4 such as a PC that controls driving of the cutting machine 3.

  The workpiece 2 is a steel plate material, for example, and has a plate thickness A. Since the workpiece 2 has a large surface area, the plate thickness varies depending on the location due to waviness and the like. In the location where the plate thickness is the largest, the plate thickness is A ′ (considering the maximum thickness tolerance. (Not shown).

  The cutting machine 3 includes a cutting tool 5 such as an end mill, a cutting tool holder 6 that holds the cutting tool 5, and the cutting tool 5 in proximity to the workpiece 2 via the cutting tool holder 6. The cutting tool holder 6 is provided with a vibration sensor such as an AE (Acoustic Emission) sensor 8 for detecting vibration of the cutting tool 5. ing. The vibration of the cutting tool 5 is generated by a load acting on the cutting tool 5, and the load state of the cutting tool 5 can be detected by detecting the vibration with the AE sensor 8. Accordingly, the AE sensor 8 detects vibration and also functions as a load detection sensor for detecting the load state of the cutting tool 5.

  The cutting tool 5 includes a first cutting portion 9 having, for example, an axial length L1, and a second cutting portion 11 having, for example, an axial length L2, which is continuous with the upper end of the first cutting portion 9. The second cutting part 11 is concentric with the first cutting part 9 and has a large diameter, and the first cutting part 9 has a through-hole 12 formed in the workpiece 2, and the second cutting part 11. Thus, a counterbore 13 concentric with the through hole 12 is formed.

  The axial length L1 of the first cutting part 9 is a length obtained by adding a margin allowance α (α is an arbitrary value) to a required dimension D which is a dimension from the lower surface of the workpiece 2 to the bottom surface of the counterbore 13. It has become. Further, the axial length L2 of the second cutting portion 11 is larger than the length obtained by subtracting the required dimension D from the maximum value A ′ of the plate thickness of the workpiece 2.

  The control device 4 is electrically connected to the driving means 7 and electrically connected to the AE sensor 8. In the control device 4, a vibration threshold is set and stored in advance. When the first cutting portion 9 penetrates the workpiece 2, the load is rapidly reduced, and the generated vibration is also rapidly reduced. The control device 4 compares the vibration of the cutting tool 5 detected by the AE sensor 8 with the threshold value, and determines whether the first cutting unit 9 has penetrated the workpiece 2 based on the comparison result. The driving means 7 is controlled so that the cutting tool 5 performs a predetermined operation based on the determination result. Further, in the control device 4, a margin allowance α which is a difference between the axial length L1 of the first cutting portion 9 and the required dimension D is set as a feed amount after the penetration is detected. However, the driving means 7 is controlled so as to carry out the sitting process by the margin α.

  Further, the driving means 7 rotates the cutting machine 3 on the basis of an instruction from the control device 4 and moves the cutting machine 3 close to and away from the workpiece 2.

  With reference to FIGS. 2 (A) to 2 (F) and the flowchart of FIG. 3, a description will be given of the case where the workpiece 2 is drilled using the cutting device 1. In FIGS. 2A to 2F, the cutting device 1 is simplified for convenience.

  (Step 01) When the control device 4 is operated and an instruction to start drilling is input by the control device 4, the driving means 7 first moves the cutting tool 5 to the workpiece 2 as a preliminary stage of drilling. After being moved to the predetermined cutting position above (see FIG. 2A), it is fed toward the workpiece 2, and the lower end of the first cutting portion 9 is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece 2 ( (See FIG. 2B).

  (Step 02) After the lower end of the first cutting portion 9 is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece 2 at a predetermined cutting position of the workpiece 2, the cutting tool 5 is further directed toward the workpiece 2. Then, cutting of the workpiece 2 is started (see FIG. 2C).

  (Step 03) During cutting of the workpiece 2, the cutting tool 5 is vibrated with a predetermined threshold or more due to a load during cutting. The vibration is detected by the AE sensor 8 and detected. The result is output to the control device 4 in real time. The control device 4 compares the detection result from the AE sensor 8 with a threshold value, and when the detection result falls below the threshold value, that is, when the frequency detected by the AE sensor 8 falls below the threshold value. It is determined that one cutting unit 9 has penetrated the workpiece 2, and it is determined that the first cutting unit 9 has not penetrated the workpiece 2 in a state where the detection result exceeds a threshold value. Cutting of the workpiece 2 is continued.

  (Step 04) When the frequency of the AE sensor 8 falls below a threshold value and the control device 4 determines that the first cutting unit 9 has penetrated the workpiece 2, the control device 4 stops the cutting process. Is instructed, and the driving means 7 stops the driving of the cutting tool 5 and temporarily stops the cutting of the workpiece 2 (see FIG. 2D).

  (Step 05) When the penetration of the first cutting section 9 is detected and the driving of the cutting tool 5 is stopped, the driving means 7 drives the cutting tool 5 again in accordance with an instruction from the control device 4 next. Then, the cutting tool 5 is fed by the allowance α (see FIG. 2E).

  (Step 06) When the cutting tool 5 is fed by the allowance α, the seat 13 is formed concentrically with the through-hole 12 on the surface of the workpiece 2, and the seat 13 is formed. Thereafter, the driving means 7 stops driving the cutting tool 5. At this time, when the first cutting part 9 penetrates the workpiece 2, that is, from the state where the lower end of the first cutting part 9 is flush with the lower surface of the workpiece 2, the margin α By feeding the cutting tool 5 only, the distance from the lower surface of the workpiece 2 to the bottom surface of the counterbore 13 becomes a value obtained by subtracting the margin α from the axial length L1 of the first cutting portion 9. Therefore, the distance from the lower surface of the workpiece 2 to the bottom surface of the seat 13 becomes the required dimension D, and the through hole 12 having the required dimension can be obtained without measuring the plate thickness of the workpiece 2. Can do.

  STEP: 07 Finally, according to an instruction from the control device 4, the driving means 7 rotates the cutting tool 5 in the opposite direction to that during cutting, and the first cutting portion 9 is completely removed from the through hole 12. It raises until it detaches | leaves and retracts the said cutting tool 5 and complete | finishes a hole processing (refer FIG.2 (F)).

  As described above, in this embodiment, the cutting tool 5 is divided into the first cutting part 9 and the second cutting part 11 having a larger diameter than the first cutting part 9 continuous with the upper end of the first cutting part 9. And a length obtained by adding an allowance α to a required dimension D that is a dimension from the lower surface of the workpiece 2 to the bottom surface of the seat 13, and the axis of the first cutting portion 9. The length L1 is set, and after detecting that the first cutting portion 9 has penetrated the workpiece 2, the cutting tool 5 is fed toward the workpiece 2 by an allowance α. .

  Accordingly, the dimension from the lower surface of the workpiece 2 to the bottom surface of the counterbore 13 cut by the second cutting portion 11 is a value obtained by subtracting the margin allowance α from the axial length L1, that is, the required dimension D. Therefore, even if the workpiece 2 has a variation in plate thickness due to waviness or the like, the through hole 12 having the required size can be accurately drilled without measuring the plate thickness of the workpiece 2 with a measuring instrument. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the work process and shorten the work time.

  Further, since the first cutting part 9 and the second cutting part 11 are integrally molded, the through-hole 12 and the seat 13 can be formed in a single cutting process. In addition, the number of processes is reduced, and it is not necessary to change tools during the work, so that the work process can be simplified and the work time can be shortened.

  Further, the AE sensor 8 is attached to the cutting tool holder 6 so that the penetration of the first cutting portion 9 with respect to the workpiece 2 is detected by vibration during cutting. Can be detected accurately, and accurate drilling can be performed.

  Further, since the axial length of the second cutting part 11 is made larger than the length obtained by subtracting the required dimension D from the maximum thickness A ′ of the workpiece 2, the thickness of the workpiece 2 is reduced. Regardless of this variation, the seat 13 can be formed, and processing defects can be prevented.

  Since the AE sensor 8 only needs to be able to detect a change in vibration during cutting and punching, the AE sensor 8 supports a place other than the cutting tool holder 6, for example, the spindle of the cutting machine 3. You may attach to the part which exists, or the said workpiece 2 side.

  Further, since it is only necessary to be able to detect the penetration of the first cutting part 9 with respect to the workpiece 2, it may be detected by a method other than detecting vibration during cutting. It goes without saying that the penetration of the first cutting portion 9 may be detected by detecting a load change applied to the tool 5.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cutting device 2 Work piece 3 Cutting part 4 Control apparatus 5 Cutting tool 6 Cutting tool holder 7 Drive means 8 AE sensor 9 1st cutting part 11 2nd cutting part 12 Through-hole 13 Sitting face L1 1st cutting part Axis length L2 Axis length of second cutting part

Claims (2)

  The cutting tool held by the cutting tool holder and the cutting tool in which the first cutting part and the second cutting part having a diameter larger than the first cutting part are integrated, and the workpiece is moved away from the workpiece and rotated. A driving means for driving, a vibration sensor for detecting a load change of the cutting tool, and a control device are provided, and the control device cuts the first cutting portion with respect to the workpiece based on a detection result of the vibration sensor. A cutting apparatus characterized by detecting a punch through, and causing the second cutting portion to cut the workpiece by a preset feed amount after detecting the punch through.   A cutting method in which drilling is performed with a cutting tool in which a first cutting portion and a second cutting portion having a diameter larger than that of the first cutting portion are integrated, the workpiece being cut by the first cutting portion. A step of detecting a breakthrough based on a load change of the cutting tool; and a feed amount set in advance after the penetration is detected; the cutting tool is fed to the workpiece; and the workpiece is cut by the second cutting portion. A cutting method characterized by comprising the steps of:

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