JP2020199508A - Processing method and machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a processing method capable of forming a through-hole whose front side spreads in a tapered state into a desired shape.SOLUTION: A processing method includes: fixing a board 40 to a stopper 41 so that a rear face of the board contacts therewith; punching out the board 40 from the surface of a side opposite to a rear face toward the stopper 41 using a tool 23 having a columnar cutting part 35 to draw the board from the rear face toward the surface; forming a through-hole having a truncated cone part 52 formed in a tapered state; and forming a through-hole 60 by cutting the periphery of the through-hole 50 from a surface to the depth equivalent to at least the height of the truncated cone part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to processing methods and machine tools.

Various techniques for punching and drilling such as broaching are known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a technique for punching.

Special Publication No. 62-61370

When forming a through hole in a plate material, the shape on the surface side may become reversely tapered depending on the processing conditions, and the processing accuracy may decrease.

An object of the present invention is to provide a processing method and a machine tool capable of forming a straight shape of a through hole having a tapered shape on the surface side with high processing accuracy.

In the processing method according to the present invention, the plate material is fixed so that the back surface is in contact with the stopper, the plate material is punched from the front surface toward the stopper by a tool having a columnar blade portion, and the plate material is stretched from the back surface toward the front surface. A through hole having a truncated cone portion formed in a tapered shape toward the surface is formed, and a through hole is formed by cutting the circumference of the through hole from the surface to a depth corresponding to at least the height of the truncated cone portion. including.

Further, in the processing method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the tool further has a truncated cone-shaped inverted tapered portion having a blade portion as a bottom surface.

Further, in the processing method according to the present invention, fixing the plate material so that a through hole is formed at a position corresponding to a groove formed on a surface facing the back surface of the stopper when the plate material is viewed in a plan view. It is preferable to include fixing the plate material.

Further, the machine tool according to the present invention includes a spindle capable of holding a plate material via a stopper, a punching tool having a columnar blade portion, and a tool post on which a cutting tool for cutting the surface of the plate material can be mounted. It has a control device that controls the spindle and the tool post. The control device fixes the plate material so that the back surface is in contact with the stopper, and the punching tool punches the plate material from the front surface toward the stopper, and then the back surface to the front surface. A through hole is formed having a conical base portion that is stretched toward the surface and tapered toward the surface, and a cutting tool is used to extend the circumference of the through hole from the surface to a depth corresponding to at least the height of the conical base portion. The spindle and turret are controlled so that they are cut to form through holes.

Further, in the machine tool according to the present invention, it is preferable that the tool further has a truncated cone-shaped reverse taper portion having a blade portion as a bottom surface.

Further, in the machine tool according to the present invention, fixing the plate material so that a through hole is formed at a position corresponding to a groove formed in a stopper facing the back surface of the plate material when the plate material is viewed in a plan view. It is preferable to include fixing.

In the processing method according to the present invention, it is possible to form a through hole having a tapered shape on the surface side into a straight shape with high processing accuracy.

It is a top view of the machine tool which concerns on embodiment. (A) is a perspective view of the brooch shown in FIG. 2, and (b) is a side view of the punched portion shown in (a). It is a figure which shows the outline of the drilling process by the brooch shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the details of the drilling process by a brooch shown in FIG. 2, (a) shows the 1st step, (b) shows the 2nd step, (c) shows the 3rd step, (d) Indicates a fourth step, and (e) shows a fifth step. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing details of drilling with a broach shown in FIG. 2, where (a) shows a first step, (b) shows a second step, and (c) shows a third step. d) shows the 4th step (1), (e) shows the 4th step (2), (f) shows the 4th step (3), and (g) shows the 4th step (the 2). 4) is shown, (h) shows the fourth step (No. 5), and (i) shows the fifth step. (A) is a cross-sectional view of a plate material of another embodiment in which the fourth step is executed, and (b) is a sectional view of a plate material of another embodiment in which the fifth step is executed.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the machine tool according to the embodiment.

In the machine tool 1, the spindle 10 and the tool post 11 are mounted on the bed 13 at opposite positions. The axial direction of the spindle 10 and the tool post 11 is the Z-axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction is the X-axis direction. The tool post 11 is installed on the X-axis moving mechanism 15 installed on the Z-axis moving mechanism 14 installed on the bed 13. The spindle 10 has a chuck 42 that grips the plate member 40 as the work 40. The work 40 held by being gripped by the chuck 42 can be cut by a tool mounted on the tool post 11. The spindle 10 is rotatable, and the chucked work 40 can be rotated for processing or can be processed with the rotation stopped.

Each of the spindle 10 and the tool post 11 is driven according to the power supplied from each of the plurality of drive devices 12, and is controlled by the numerical control (NC) device 16. For example, the NC device 16 causes the spindle 10 to grip the work 40 with the chuck 42, and moves one of a plurality of tools such as a rotary tool and a punching tool held on the tool post 11 by the X-axis moving mechanism 15. It is controlled so that the cutting process is performed.

Cutting tools such as a pilot hole drill 20, a milling 21, a pusher 22, and a brooch 23 are detachably mounted on the tool post 11.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the brooch 23, and FIG. 2B is a side view of the punched portion shown in FIG. 2A.

The brooch 23 has a cylindrical base material 30, a connecting portion 31 arranged on the bottom surface of the base material 30, and a punching portion 32 arranged on the upper surface of the base material. The brooch 23 is attached to the tool post 11 by fixing the joint portion 31 to the tool post 11.

The punched portion 32 has a columnar blade portion 35 and a truncated cone-shaped inverted tapered portion 36 having the blade portion 35 as the bottom surface, and is provided on the end surface of the base material 30 via the base portion 37. The height H of the blade portion 35 is, for example, a micromillimeter order, and the diameter R of the blade portion 35 is a length corresponding to the diameter of the through hole to be formed. The inverted tapered portion 36 has a truncated cone shape formed so that the diameter of the cross section decreases as the distance from the blade portion 35 increases.

The punching portion 32 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 2B in response to the movement of the tool post 11 in the Z-axis direction to punch out the plate material to form a through hole. Further, the punched portion 32 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow B in FIG. 2B after punching the plate material, and is pulled out from the formed through hole.

Since the punching portion 32 has the reverse taper portion 36, both the punching resistance generated during the punching operation and the pulling resistance generated during the punching operation are smaller than those of a normal punch having a cylindrical shape. Since the punching resistance of the punching portion 32 is smaller than that of a normal punch, when forming a through hole using a normal punch, a jig used to hold the plate material when the punch is pulled out is used. Drilling can be performed without any effort.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of drilling with the brooch 23. The drilling process is performed by the NC device 16 controlling the spindle 10 and the tool post 11.

The brooch 23 mounted on the tool post 11 is selected at the time of drilling and is arranged so as to face the plate material 40. The stopper 41 is fixedly arranged in the chuck 42 at the tip of the spindle 10. The plate material 40 comes into contact with the front surface of the stopper 41 by being pressed by the pusher 22 selected by the movement of the tool post 11, and is gripped and fixed to the spindle 10 by the chuck 42. A groove 45 is formed on the surface of the stopper 41. The plate material 40 is fixed to the stopper 41 so that a through hole is formed at a position corresponding to the groove portion 45 when the plate material 40 is viewed in a plan view. The groove portion 45 is provided according to the number of through holes formed. As the plate material 40, for example, a diaphragm chuck that operates by air pressure supplied from the spindle 10 side can be used as the chuck. The diaphragm chuck is released by applying air pressure, and chucks by stopping the air pressure.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the details of the drilling process by the brooch 23, and FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the details of the hole drilling process by the brooch 23.

First, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 5 (a) of the first step, with respect to the stopper 41 arranged at a predetermined position, FIGS. 4 (b) and 5 (b) of the second step As shown in the above, the plate material 40 is fixed by being pressed by the pusher 22 so that the back surface is in contact with the front surface of the stopper 41 and chucked by the chuck 42.

As shown in FIGS. 4 (c) and 5 (c), which are the third steps, the pilot hole drill 20 (small diameter drill) is selected and the pilot hole 46 is formed at a predetermined position of the plate material 40. In the processing method according to the embodiment, this step may be omitted.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 4 (d) and 5 (d) to 5 (h), which are the fourth steps, the brooch 23 is selected and directed from the surface toward the stopper 41 at the position where the pilot hole 46 of the plate material 40 is formed. Punching is performed.

The punching process in the fourth step will be described in detail. First, as shown in FIG. 5D, the punching portion 32 is arranged so that the punching portion 32 faces the region where the pilot hole 46 of the plate material 40 is formed, and the brooch 23 faces the plate material 40. Will be done.

As shown in FIG. 5 (e), when the punched portion 32 comes into contact with the surface of the plate material 40 and presses the plate material 40, the plate material 40 is curved toward the groove portion 45.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (f), the punching portion 32 advances toward the groove portion 45 while cutting the plate material 40. While the punching portion 32 advances toward the groove portion 45, the plate material 40 curved toward the groove portion 45 gradually returns in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the punching portion 32, that is, in the direction away from the groove portion 45. ..

Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (g), the punched portion 32 penetrates the plate member 40 to form a through hole 50 having a cylindrical portion 51 and a truncated cone portion 52. The truncated cone portion 52 is formed in the process until the curved plate material 40 returns in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the punched portion 32, and the cylindrical portion 51 is formed while the curvature of the plate material 40 returns. When the plate material is viewed in a plan view, the plate material is fixed so that a through hole is formed at a position corresponding to the groove formed on the surface of the stopper facing the back surface of the plate material, so that the punched portion 32 penetrates the plate material 40. The chips 48 generated by this flow into the groove 45 together with the cutting oil 47.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (h), the tool post 11 moves in the Z-axis direction in the direction away from the spindle 10, so that the punched portion 32 penetrates the plate material 40 and then is pulled out to the upper part of the plate material 40. .. The plate material 40 is formed with a through hole 50 having a cylindrical portion 51 extending from the back surface toward the front surface and a truncated cone portion 52 formed in a tapered shape from the front surface side end portion of the cylindrical portion 51 toward the front surface. To.

As shown in FIGS. 4 (e) and 5 (i), the milling 21 is selected, and the periphery of the through hole 50 is machined at the position where the through hole 50 of the plate material 40 is formed. A through hole 60 is formed around the through hole 50 by cutting a depth corresponding to the height of the truncated cone 52 from the surface of the plate material 40. The through hole 60 becomes a cylindrical hole having a diameter corresponding to the cylindrical portion 51 by removing the tapered truncated cone portion 52.

The processing method according to the embodiment is to penetrate the through hole by cutting around the through hole having a depth corresponding to the height of the tapered truncated cone formed on the surface side of the through hole after forming the through hole. The truncated cone formed on the surface side of the hole can be removed. In the processing method according to the embodiment, the thickness of the plate material is determined by adding the thickness of the truncated cone formed on the surface side of the through hole in advance, and the truncated cone formed on the surface side of the through hole is removed. , A through hole having a diameter determined by a desired plate thickness can be formed.

Further, in the processing method according to the embodiment, since the plate material is punched by a tool having a columnar blade portion and a truncated cone-shaped inverted tapered portion having the blade portion as the bottom surface, the punching resistance generated during the punching operation and the punching are performed. The pull-out resistance that sometimes occurs can be reduced.

In the processing method described, one through hole is formed in the plate material, but in the processing method according to the embodiment, two or more through holes may be formed. Further, in the processing method described, through holes having the same diameter are formed, but in the processing method according to the embodiment, a plurality of through holes having different diameters may be formed.

In the machining method described, the Z-axis moving mechanism 14 is installed on the tool post 11, and the tool post 11 moves to the spindle 10 side to form a through hole 50. However, in the machining method according to the embodiment, the spindle 10 is formed. The Z-axis moving mechanism 14 may be installed in the vehicle. In this case, the plate material 40 chucked by the spindle 10 moves to the tool post 11 having a fixed Z-axis position in the Z-axis direction toward the tool post 11, so that the punching process is performed.

Further, in the processing method described, when cutting the circumference of the through hole to a depth corresponding to the height of the truncated cone portion, the circumference of one through hole is cut, but in the processing method according to the embodiment, , A plurality of adjacent through holes may be cut at the same time.

FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the plate material 80 of another embodiment in which the fourth step is executed, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the plate material 80 of another embodiment in which the fifth step is executed. is there.

In the fourth step, the first through hole 81 and the second through hole 82 are formed in the plate material 80 fixed to the stopper 90 having the groove 91. The plate thickness of the plate material 80 in the portion where the first through hole 81 is formed is thicker than the plate thickness of the plate material 80 in the portion where the second through hole 82 is formed.

In the fifth step, the circumference of the first through hole 81 and the second through hole 82 formed in the fourth step is the height of the truncated cone portion from the surface of the plate material 80 corresponding to each through hole in the fifth step. The first through hole 83 and the second through hole 84 are formed by cutting to a depth corresponding to.

1 Machine tool 10 Front spindle 11 Tool post 20 Pilot hole drill 21 Milling 23 Brooch 32 Punching part 35 Blade part 36 Reverse taper part 37 Base

Claims (8)

Fix the plate so that the back side is in contact with the stopper,
With a tool having a columnar blade, the plate material is punched from the front surface toward the stopper, stretched from the back surface toward the front surface, and has a truncated cone portion formed in a tapered shape toward the front surface. Form a through hole,
A through hole is formed by cutting the circumference of the through hole from the surface to a depth corresponding to at least the height of the truncated cone portion.
Processing method including that. The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the tool further has a truncated cone-shaped inverted tapered portion having the blade portion as a bottom surface. The first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the stopper is provided with a groove, and the plate material is fixed so that the through hole is formed at a position corresponding to the groove portion when the plate material is viewed in a plan view. Processing method. The processing method according to claim 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the plate material is preset based on the height of the truncated cone portion. A spindle that can hold the plate material via a stopper,
A punching tool having a columnar blade and a tool post on which a cutting tool for cutting the surface of the plate material can be mounted.
It has a control device for controlling the spindle and the tool post.
By the control device
Fix the plate so that the back side is in contact with the stopper,
With the punching tool, the plate material is punched from the front surface toward the stopper and stretched from the back surface toward the front surface to form a through hole having a truncated cone portion formed in a tapered shape toward the front surface. And
A machine tool in which the spindle and the tool post are controlled by the cutting tool so as to form a through hole by cutting the circumference of the through hole from the surface to a depth corresponding to at least the height of the truncated cone portion. .. The machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the tool further has a truncated cone-shaped inverted tapered portion having the blade portion as a bottom surface. The fifth or sixth aspect of the present invention, wherein the stopper is provided with a groove, and the plate material is fixed so that the through hole is formed at a position corresponding to the groove when the plate material is viewed in a plan view. Machine tools. The machine tool according to claim 5 to 7, wherein the thickness of the plate material is preset based on the height of the truncated cone portion.

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