JP6254777B2 - Short circuit element and circuit using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a short-circuit element that eliminates only abnormal parts in an electronic device by using a short-circuit element having a heating resistor and a fuse element provided on a substrate, and a circuit using the same.

  Many secondary batteries that can be charged and used repeatedly are processed into battery packs and provided to users. Particularly in lithium ion secondary batteries with high weight energy density, in order to ensure the safety of users and electronic devices, in general, a battery pack incorporates a number of protection circuits such as overcharge protection and overdischarge protection, It has a function of shutting off the output of the battery pack in a predetermined case.

  This type of protection element includes an overcharge protection or overdischarge protection operation of the battery pack by turning on / off the output using an FET switch built in the battery pack. However, when the FET switch is short-circuited for some reason, a lightning surge or the like is applied and an instantaneous large current flows, or the output voltage drops abnormally due to the life of the battery cell, or excessively abnormal Even when the voltage is output, the battery pack and the electronic device must be protected from accidents such as ignition. Therefore, in order to safely shut off the output of the battery cell in any possible abnormal state, a protection element made of a fuse element having a function of cutting off the current path by an external signal is used. .

  As a protection element of such a protection circuit for a lithium ion secondary battery or the like, as described in Patent Document 1, between the first electrode, the heating element extraction electrode, and the second electrode on the current path, Some fusible conductors are connected to form part of the current path, and the fusible conductor on the current path is melted by self-heating due to overcurrent or by a heating element provided inside the protective element. In such a protection element, the molten liquid soluble conductor is collected on the conductor layer connected to the heating element, thereby interrupting the current path.

  Moreover, in the LED lighting device, a configuration has been proposed in which a short-circuit element is connected in parallel to each of the LED elements connected in series, and when the LED is abnormal, the short-circuit element is short-circuited at a predetermined voltage to emit a normal LED. (Patent Document 2). In the short-circuit element described in Patent Document 2, a plurality of elements each having a predetermined thickness of an insulating barrier layer sandwiched between metals are connected in series.

JP 2010-003665 A JP 2007-12811 A

  In recent years, HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and EV (Electric Vehicle) using a battery and a motor are rapidly spreading. As a power source for HEV and EV, a lithium ion secondary battery has been used from the viewpoint of energy density and output characteristics. In automobile applications, a high voltage and a large current are required. For this reason, dedicated cells that can withstand high voltages and large currents have been developed, but in many cases due to manufacturing cost problems, it is necessary to connect multiple battery cells in series and in parallel to use general-purpose cells. Secures the correct voltage and current.

  By the way, in an automobile or the like moving at a high speed, sudden reduction in driving force or sudden stop may be dangerous, and battery management that assumes an emergency is required. For example, when a battery system abnormality occurs during traveling, it is preferable to supply driving force for moving to a repair shop or a safe place, or driving force for a hazard lamp or an air conditioner.

  However, in a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells as in Patent Document 1 are connected in series, when a protection element is provided only on the charge / discharge path, an abnormality occurs in a part of the battery cell, and the protection element When is operated, the charging / discharging path of the entire battery pack is interrupted, and no more power can be supplied.

  Further, in the short-circuit element described in Patent Document 2, according to the current-voltage characteristic curve, the resistance value when 10 V is applied is as high as about 17 KΩ, and the resistance value is further increased in order to bypass the open LED element efficiently. Lowering is desired.

  Therefore, the present invention eliminates only abnormal battery cells in a battery pack composed of a plurality of cells, and in a protective element that can effectively use normal battery cells, a short-circuit element that can form a bypass path, and the same An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit using this.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, a short-circuit element according to the present invention includes an insulating substrate, a heating resistor provided on the insulating substrate, and first and second electrodes provided adjacent to each other on the insulating substrate. Between the first electrode and the third electrode, the third electrode provided on the insulating substrate adjacent to the first electrode, and electrically connected to the heating resistor. Provided with a first soluble conductor that melts the current path between the first and third electrodes by heating from the heating resistor, and the heating resistor. The first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited by the first soluble conductor that is melted by heating from the first electrode and aggregated on the first and second electrodes. is there.

  The short-circuit element circuit according to the present invention includes a fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, and a switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected. The switch is short-circuited in conjunction with the fusing of the fuse.

  The compensation circuit according to the present invention includes a fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, and a switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected. The switch includes a short-circuit element that is short-circuited in conjunction with the fusing of the fuse and an electronic component, and the switch has both terminals connected in parallel to the electronic component, and the open terminal of the heating resistor is the The switch terminal is connected to a terminal to which the fuse is not connected, and when the electronic component is abnormal, the fuse is melted to short-circuit the switch, thereby forming a bypass current path that bypasses the electronic component. It is.

  The compensation circuit according to the present invention includes a fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, and a switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected. The switch is connected to a short-circuit element that is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse, an electronic component, and a current path of the electronic component, and interrupts energization of the electronic component with an electric signal when the electronic component is abnormal. A protection element that detects an abnormality of the electronic component and outputs an abnormality signal, and a control element that operates in response to the abnormality signal of the protection component, and includes both ends of the electronic component and the protection element. The two terminals of the switch are connected in parallel, the open terminal of the heating resistor and the input terminal of the electrical signal of the protective element are connected to the control element, and the protective component is provided when the electronic component is abnormal. In response to the abnormal signal, the control element operates to cut off the current path of the electronic component by the protection element and short-circuit the switch in conjunction with the fusing of the fuse to form a bypass current path It is.

  The short-circuit element circuit according to the present invention includes a fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, a switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected, and the switch And a protective resistor connected to at least one of the terminals, and the switch is short-circuited in conjunction with the fusing of the fuse.

  The compensation circuit according to the present invention includes a fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, a switch connected to the other end of the fuse not connected to the heating resistor, A protection resistor connected to a terminal to which the fuse is not connected, and the switch includes a short-circuit element that is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse, and an electronic component, The terminal to which the fuse is connected and the open terminal of the protective resistor and the electronic component are connected in parallel, and the heating resistor is connected to the protective resistor, and when the electronic component is abnormal, the fuse is By melting, the switch is turned on, and a bypass current path is formed.

  The compensation circuit according to the present invention includes a fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, a switch connected to the other end of the fuse not connected to the heating resistor, A protection resistor connected to a terminal to which the fuse is not connected, and the switch includes a short-circuit element that is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse, an electronic component, and a current of the electronic component A protection element that is connected on the path and that interrupts energization of the electronic component with an electric signal when the electronic component is abnormal; a protective component that detects an abnormality of the electronic component and outputs an abnormal signal; and A control element that operates in response to an abnormal signal, and connects both ends of the electronic component and the protection element, a connection terminal to the fuse of the switch, and the protection resistor in parallel, and generates the heat. The open terminal of the antibody and the input terminal of the electrical signal of the protection element are connected to the control element, and when the electronic component is abnormal, the control element operates by receiving an abnormal signal from the protective component, and the protection The current path of the electronic component is interrupted by the element and the switch is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse, thereby forming a bypass current path.

  According to the present invention, the insulated first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited by the molten conductor that is melted by heating from the heating resistor and aggregated on the first and second electrodes. A new bypass current path can be formed.

It is a figure which shows the short circuit element to which this invention was applied, (A) is a top view, (B) is sectional drawing. It is a circuit diagram of a short circuiting element, (A) shows a state where the switch is turned off, and (B) shows a state where the switch is short-circuited. It is a figure which shows the state by which the 1st, 2nd electrode which was insulated was short-circuited by the molten conductor, (A) is a top view, (B) is sectional drawing. It is a top view which shows the state which the 2nd soluble conductor melt | dissolved previously. It is a top view which shows the short circuit element which formed the 2nd soluble conductor narrowly. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a short circuit element. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a short circuit element. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a short circuit element. It is a figure which shows the short circuit element which abbreviate | omitted the 4th electrode and the 2nd soluble conductor, (A) is a top view, (B) is sectional drawing. It is sectional drawing which shows the state by which the insulated 1st and 2nd electrode was short-circuited by the molten conductor in the short circuit element formed by abbreviate | omitting a 4th electrode and a 2nd soluble conductor. It is a figure which shows the other short circuit element to which this invention was applied, (A) shows the state after melt | dissolution of a soluble conductor, (B) shows the state after melt | dissolution of a soluble conductor. It is a top view which shows the other short circuit element to which this invention was applied. It is a circuit diagram of the LED illuminating device using a short circuit element, (A) (B) is normal, (C) is abnormal, (D) shows the state where the bypass current path was formed. It is a circuit diagram of the battery pack using a short circuit element, (A) and (B) at the time of normal, (C) at the time of abnormal occurrence, and (D) showing the state where a bypass current course was formed. It is a figure which shows a protection element, (A) is sectional drawing, (B) is a top view. It is a circuit diagram of a protection element. It is a top view which shows the short circuit element which incorporated the protective resistance. It is a circuit diagram of a short circuit element incorporating a protective resistor. It is a circuit diagram of the LED illuminating device using the short circuit element which incorporated the protective resistance. It is a circuit diagram of a battery pack using a short-circuit element incorporating a protective resistor.

  Hereinafter, a protection element to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Further, the drawings are schematic, and the ratio of each dimension may be different from the actual one. Specific dimensions should be determined in consideration of the following description. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.

[Short-circuit element]
FIG. 1A shows a plan view of the short-circuit element 1, and FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view of the short-circuit element 1. The short-circuit element 1 includes an insulating substrate 2, a heating resistor 3 provided on the insulating substrate 2, a first electrode 4 and a second electrode 5 provided adjacent to each other on the insulating substrate 2, and a first element A third electrode 6 provided adjacent to the first electrode 4 and electrically connected to the heating resistor 3; a fourth electrode 7 provided adjacent to the second electrode 5; The first current path is formed between the third electrodes 4 and 6 and the current path between the first and third electrodes 4 and 6 is blown by heating from the heating resistor 3. The second conductor 4 is provided between the fusible conductor 8 and the second and fourth electrodes 5 and 7, and melts the current path between the second and fourth electrodes 5 and 7 by heating from the heating resistor 3. 2 soluble conductors 9. In the short-circuit element 1, a cover member 10 that protects the inside is attached on the insulating substrate 2.

  The insulating substrate 2 is formed in a substantially square shape using an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, and the like. In addition, the insulating substrate 2 may be made of a material used for a printed wiring board such as a glass epoxy board or a phenol board, but it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature at which the fuse is blown. The insulating substrate 2 has external terminals 12 formed on the back surface.

  The heating resistor 3 is a conductive member that has a relatively high resistance value and generates heat when energized, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. These alloys, compositions, or compound powders are mixed with a resin binder or the like to form a paste on the insulating substrate 2 by patterning using a screen printing technique and firing.

  The heating resistor 3 is covered with an insulating layer 11 on the insulating substrate 2. The insulating layer 11 is provided in order to efficiently transmit the heat of the heating resistor 3 to the first to fourth electrodes 4 to 7 and is made of, for example, a glass layer. The heating resistor 3 can easily agglomerate the molten conductor by heating the first to fourth electrodes 4 to 7.

  First to fourth electrodes 4, 5, 6, 7 are formed on the insulating layer 11 covering the heating resistor 3. The first electrode 4 is formed adjacent to the second electrode 5 on one side and insulated. A third electrode 6 is formed on the other side of the first electrode 4. The first electrode 4 and the third electrode 6 are electrically connected by connecting a first soluble conductor 8 to be described later, and constitute a current path of the short-circuit element 1. The first electrode 4 is formed with a first electrode terminal portion 4 a that faces the side surface of the insulating substrate 2. The first electrode terminal portion 4a is connected to an external terminal 12 provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2 through a through hole.

  The third electrode 6 is connected to the heating resistor 3 through the heating element lead electrode 13 provided on the insulating substrate 2 or the insulating layer 11. Further, the heating resistor 3 is formed with a resistor terminal portion 3 a that faces the side edge of the insulating substrate 2 through the heating element lead-out electrode 13. The resistor terminal portion 3a is connected to an external terminal 12 provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2 through a through hole.

  A fourth electrode 7 is formed on the other side of the second electrode 5 opposite to the one side adjacent to the first electrode 4. A second soluble conductor 9 described later is connected to the second electrode 5 and the fourth electrode 7. Further, the second electrode 5 is formed with a second electrode terminal portion 5 a facing the side surface of the insulating substrate 2. The second electrode terminal portion 5a is connected to an external terminal 12 provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2 through a through hole.

  The first to fourth electrodes 4, 5, 6, 7 can be formed using a general electrode material such as Cu or Ag, but at least the first and second electrodes 4, 5 are formed. A coating such as Ni / Au plating, Ni / Pd plating, or Ni / Pd / Au plating is preferably formed on the surface by a known plating process. Thereby, oxidation of the 1st, 2nd electrodes 4 and 5 can be prevented, and a molten conductor can be hold | maintained reliably. In addition, when the short-circuit element 1 is mounted by reflow soldering, a solder that connects the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 or a low melting point metal that forms an outer layer of the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 is used. By melting, the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 can be prevented from being melted (soldered) and cut.

[Soluble conductor]
The first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 are made of a low melting point metal that is quickly melted by the heat generated by the heating resistor 3, and, for example, Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component can be suitably used.

  Moreover, the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 8 and 9 may contain a low melting metal and a high melting metal. As the low melting point metal, it is preferable to use solder such as Pb-free solder, and as the high melting point metal, it is preferable to use Ag, Cu or an alloy containing these as a main component. By including the high melting point metal and the low melting point metal, even when the reflow temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the low melting point metal layer and the low melting point metal is melted when the short circuit element 1 is reflow mounted, the first, The second soluble conductors 8 and 9 do not blow out. The first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 may be formed by depositing a low melting point metal on a high melting point metal using a plating technique, and other well-known lamination techniques and film forming techniques may be used. You may form by using. The first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 are connected to the first and third electrodes 4 and 6 or the second and fourth electrodes 5 and 7 by using a low melting point metal constituting the outer layer. Can be soldered.

  The first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 may have an inner layer made of a low melting point metal and an outer layer made of a high melting point metal. By using a soluble conductor in which the entire surface of the inner low melting point metal layer is covered with the outer high melting point metal layer, even when using a low melting point metal having a melting point lower than the reflow temperature, the inner layer has a low Outflow of the melting point metal to the outside can be suppressed. Further, when the inner layer low melting point metal melts, the outer layer high melting point metal is also eroded (soldered) and can be quickly melted.

  Further, the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 may have a covering structure in which the inner layer is made of a high melting point metal and the outer layer is made of a low melting point metal. By using a soluble conductor in which the entire surface of the inner high-melting-point metal layer is covered with an outer low-melting-point metal layer, it can be connected to the electrode via the outer-layer low-melting-point metal layer. Since the low melting point metal layer melts rapidly and erodes the high melting point metal, it can be melted quickly.

  Further, the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 may have a laminated structure in which a low melting point metal layer and a high melting point metal layer are laminated. Moreover, it is good also as a multilayered structure of four or more layers by which the low melting metal layer and the high melting metal layer were laminated | stacked alternately. Moreover, the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 8 and 9 may laminate | stack a refractory metal layer on the surface of a low melting metal layer in stripe form at the surface direction. Even with these structures, the melting / cutting of the high melting point metal by the low melting point metal can be performed in a short time.

  Moreover, you may comprise the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 8 and 9 from the high melting point metal which has many opening parts, and the low melting metal inserted in the said opening part. As a result, the area of the refractory metal layer in contact with the molten low melting point metal layer increases, so that the low melting point metal layer can erode the refractory metal layer in a shorter time. Therefore, the soluble conductor can be blown out more quickly and reliably.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 8 and 9 increase the volume of a low melting metal rather than the volume of a high melting metal. Thereby, the 1st, 2nd soluble conductors 8 and 9 can perform fusing in a short time by the corrosion of a refractory metal layer effectively.

  In order to prevent oxidation of the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 and to improve the wettability when the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 are melted, the first and second possible conductors 8 and 9 are used. A flux 15 is applied on the molten conductors 8 and 9.

  The inside of the short-circuit element 1 is protected by covering the insulating substrate 2 with the cover member 10. The cover member 10 has a side wall 16 that constitutes a side surface of the short-circuit element 1 and a top surface portion 17 that constitutes an upper surface of the short-circuit element 1, and the short-circuit element 1 is connected to the side wall 16 on the insulating substrate 2. It becomes a lid that closes the inside of the. The cover member 10 is formed using an insulating member such as a thermoplastic, ceramic, glass epoxy substrate, etc., as with the insulating substrate 2.

  In the cover member 10, a cover electrode 18 may be formed on the inner surface side of the top surface portion 17. The cover part electrode 18 is formed at a position overlapping the first and second electrodes 4 and 5. When the heating resistor 3 generates heat and the first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 are melted, the cover electrode 18 has a molten conductor aggregated on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5. By allowing the wet conductor to spread by contact, the allowable amount for holding the molten conductor can be increased.

[Short-circuit element circuit]
The short-circuit element 1 as described above has a circuit configuration as shown in FIGS. That is, in the short-circuit element 1, the first electrode 4 a and the second electrode 5 a are normally insulated (FIG. 2A), and the first and second soluble conductors 8 are generated by the heat generated by the heating resistor 3. , 9 constitutes a switch 20 that is short-circuited through the molten conductor (FIG. 2B). The first electrode terminal portion 4a and the second electrode terminal portion 5a constitute both terminals of the switch 20. The first fusible conductor 8 is connected to the heating resistor 3 via the third electrode 6 and the heating element lead electrode 13.

  As will be described later, the short-circuit element 1 is incorporated in an electronic device or the like, whereby both terminals 4a and 5a of the switch 20 are connected in parallel with the current path of the electronic device, and the electronic component on the current path When an abnormality occurs, the switch 20 is short-circuited to form a bypass current path that bypasses the electronic component.

  Specifically, when an abnormality occurs in the electronic components connected in parallel, the short-circuit element 1 is supplied with electric power from the resistor terminal portion 3a side and generates heat when the heating resistor 3 is energized. When the first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 are melted by this heat, the molten conductors aggregate on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 as shown in FIGS. . Since the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 are formed adjacent to each other, the agglomerated molten conductors are coupled to each other on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5, thereby the first and second electrodes 4. , 5 are short-circuited. That is, the short-circuit element 1 is short-circuited between both terminals of the switch 20 (FIG. 2B).

  Note that energization of the heating resistor 3 is stopped because the first fusible conductor 8 is blown and the first and third electrodes 4 and 6 are cut off.

[First melting of second soluble conductor]
Here, in the short-circuit element 1, it is preferable that the second soluble conductor 9 is melted prior to the first soluble conductor 8. When the first fusible conductor 8 is melted prior to the second fusible conductor 9, the first and third electrodes 4, 6 are blocked before the second fusible conductor 9 is melted. There is a possibility that the bonding of the molten conductor on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 becomes insufficient.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 1A, the short-circuit element 1 has a heating resistor 3 in which the overlapping area with the second soluble conductor 9 is larger than the overlapping area with the first soluble conductor 8. It is formed on the second soluble conductor 9 side so as to be wide. Thereby, although the heating resistor 3 can be heated over almost the entire surface of the second soluble conductor 9, the heating area of the first soluble conductor 8 is reduced, and as shown in FIG. The soluble conductor 9 can be melted prior to the first soluble conductor 8.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the short-circuit element 1 forms the second fusible conductor 9 by forming the second fusible conductor 9 narrower than the first fusible conductor 8. The fusible conductor may be melted before the fusible conductor. Since the fusing time can be shortened by forming the second fusible conductor 9 narrow, the second fusible conductor 9 can be melted ahead of the first fusible conductor 8. it can.

[Electrode area]
In the short-circuit element 1, the area of the first electrode 4 is preferably larger than that of the third electrode 6, and the area of the second electrode 5 is preferably larger than that of the fourth electrode 7. Since the holding amount of the molten conductor increases in proportion to the electrode area, the area of the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 is made larger than that of the third and fourth electrodes 6 and 7, thereby increasing the amount of the molten conductor. The molten conductor can be agglomerated on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5, and the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 can be reliably short-circuited (FIG. 1B, FIG. 3). (B)).

[Modification of short circuit element]
The short-circuit element 1 does not necessarily need to cover the heating resistor 3 with the insulating layer 11, and the heating resistor 3 may be installed inside the insulating substrate 2 as shown in FIG. 6. By using a material having excellent thermal conductivity as the material of the insulating substrate 2, the heating resistor 3 can be heated in the same manner as when the insulating layer 11 such as a glass layer is interposed.

  In addition to forming the heating resistor 3 on the formation surface side of the first to fourth electrodes 4, 5, 6 and 7 on the insulating substrate 2 as described above, the short-circuit element 1 is shown in FIG. As described above, the heating resistor 3 may be installed on the surface of the insulating substrate 2 opposite to the surface on which the first to fourth electrodes 4, 5, 6, 7 are formed. By forming the heating resistor 3 on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2, it can be formed by a simpler process than in the insulating substrate 2. In this case, it is preferable that the insulating layer 11 is formed on the heating resistor 3 in terms of protecting the resistor and ensuring insulation during mounting.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, in the short-circuit element 1, the heating resistor 3 may be installed on the formation surface of the first to fourth electrodes 4, 5, 6, 7 of the insulating substrate 2. By forming the heating resistor 3 on the surface of the insulating substrate 2, it can be formed by a simpler process than in the insulating substrate 2. In this case also, it is preferable that the insulating layer 11 is formed on the heating resistor 3.

[Omission of fourth electrode and second soluble conductor]
Moreover, the short-circuit element according to the present invention may be formed by omitting the fourth electrode 7 and the second soluble conductor 9 of the short-circuit element 1 as shown in FIGS. In the short-circuit element 1, the first soluble conductor 8 connected between the first and third electrodes 4 and 6 is melted, so that the molten conductor wets and spreads to the second electrode 5. 1. Short-circuit the second electrodes 4 and 5. The short-circuit element 1 is the same as that described above except that the fourth electrode 7 and the second fusible conductor 9 are omitted.

  Also in the short-circuit element 1, the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 preferably have a larger area than the third electrode 6. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, the short-circuit element 1 can agglomerate more molten conductors on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5, and without the second soluble conductor 9, The first and second electrodes 4 and 5 can be reliably short-circuited.

  Further, in the short-circuit element shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the second soluble conductor may be provided on the second electrode 5. The second soluble conductor on the second electrode 5 is melted together with the first soluble conductor by the heating from the heating resistor, and draws the first soluble conductor. Thereby, the 1st electrode 4 and the 2nd electrode 5 can be short-circuited.

  Moreover, it is good also as a structure provided with the protective resistance connected to any one of the 1st electrode 4 or the 2nd electrode 5. FIG. Here, the protective resistance is a resistance value corresponding to the internal resistance of the electronic component connected to the short-circuit element.

  Further, the short-circuit element to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the provision of the external terminal 12 that is continuous with the first and second electrodes through the through-holes on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2, as shown in FIGS. The first external connection electrode 21 that is continuous with the first electrode 4 on the surface of the insulating substrate 2 on which the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 are formed, as shown in FIG. One or a plurality of first external connection terminals 22 provided on the connection electrode 21, a second external connection electrode 23 continuous with the second electrode 5, and a second external connection electrode 23 are provided. Alternatively, one or a plurality of second external connection terminals 24 may be formed.

  The first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 are electrodes that connect the short-circuit element 25 and a circuit of an electronic device in which the short-circuit element 25 is incorporated, and the first external connection electrode 21 is the same as the first electrode 4. The second external connection electrode 23 is continuous with the second electrode 5.

  The first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 are formed using a general electrode material such as Cu or Ag, and are the same surface as the formation surfaces of the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 of the insulating substrate 2. Is formed. That is, as for the short circuit element 25 shown in FIG. 11, the surface in which the soluble conductor 13 is provided becomes a mounting surface. The first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 can be formed simultaneously with the first and second electrodes 4 and 5.

  A first external connection terminal 22 is provided on the first external connection electrode 21. Similarly, a second external connection terminal 24 is provided on the second external connection electrode 23. These first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 are connection terminals for mounting on an electronic device, and are formed using, for example, metal bumps or metal posts. Further, as shown in FIG. 11A, the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 have a height protruding from the cover member 10 provided on the insulating substrate 2, and the short-circuit element 25. It can be mounted on the side of the board that is the mounting target.

  Note that the heating resistor 3 of the short-circuit element 25 is formed with a resistor connecting terminal 3b through the heating element lead-out electrode 13 and the resistor terminal portion 3a. Similarly to the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24, the resistor connection terminal 3 b is formed using a metal bump or a metal post, and protrudes upward through the insulating layer 11.

  Thus, the short circuit element 25 is provided with the external terminal 12 on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2 like the short circuit element 1 and connects the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 and the external terminal 12 through a through hole. Instead, the external connection terminals 22 and 24 are formed on the same surface as the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 via the external connection electrodes 21 and 23. Then, as shown in FIG. 11B, the short-circuit element 25 is connected between the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 when the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are short-circuited. The combined resistance of the first external connection terminal 22 and the second external connection terminal 24 is configured to be lower than the resistance.

  Thereby, the short circuit element 25 can improve the rating when the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 are short-circuited to form a bypass current path, and can cope with a large current. That is, in high current applications such as lithium ion secondary batteries used as power sources such as HEV and EV, further improvement of the rating of the short-circuit element is required. Then, the conduction resistance between the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 short-circuited by the fusible conductor can be sufficiently lowered (for example, less than 0.4 mΩ) to meet the rating improvement.

  However, in the short-circuit element 1 in which the external terminal 12 is provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2 and the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 and the external terminal 12 are connected by a through hole, the first and second electrodes 4 , 5 and the external terminal 12 have a high conduction resistance (for example, 0.5 to 1.0 mΩ), and even if a conductor is filled in the through hole, there is a limit to lowering the conduction resistance of the entire short-circuit element.

  In addition, heat generated by flowing a large current between the high resistance first and second electrodes 4 and 5 and the external terminal 12 may cause damage to the bypass current path and thermal effects on other peripheral devices. The

  In this respect, the short-circuit element 25 is provided with external connection terminals 22 and 24 on the same surface as the first and second electrodes 4 and 5. The external connection terminals 22 and 24 are provided on the external connection electrodes 21 and 23, and a terminal having a high degree of freedom in shape and size and a low conduction resistance can be easily provided. Thus, the short-circuit element 25 has a first external connection rather than a conduction resistance between the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 when the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are short-circuited. The combined resistance of the terminal 22 and the second external connection terminal 24 is configured to be low.

  Therefore, according to the short-circuit element 25, the conduction resistance ahead of the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23, which are high in the configuration of the short-circuit element 1, can be easily lowered, and the rating is dramatically improved. Can be achieved.

As the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24, for example, metal bumps or metal posts made of Pb-free solder whose main component is Sn can be used. The shape of the metal bump or the metal post is not limited. The resistance values of the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 can be obtained from the material, shape, and size. As an example, a rectangular parallelepiped metal post (Cu core: 0.6 mm × 0.6 mm, cross-sectional area 0.36 mm ² , height 1 mm, specific resistance 17.2 μmΩ · mm) was used. In this case, the resistance value of the Cu core part of one terminal is about 0.048 mΩ, and the resistance value obtained by connecting the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 in series is less than 0.096 mΩ in consideration of the amount of solder coating. It can be seen that the overall rating of the short-circuit element 25 can be improved.

  The short-circuit element 25 obtains the total resistance value of the entire element from the resistance value between the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 at the time of the short-circuit, and this total resistance value is known as the first and second values. From the difference with the combined resistance of the external connection terminals 22 and 24, the conduction resistance between the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 at the time of short circuit can be obtained. The short-circuit element 25 measures the resistance between the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 at the time of short-circuit, and the first and second external elements are calculated from the difference from the total resistance value of the entire element at the time of short-circuit. The combined resistance of the connection terminals 22 and 24 can be obtained.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the short-circuit element 25 is widely provided by forming the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 in a rectangular shape, and the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 are provided. The conduction resistance may be lowered by providing a plurality. In addition, the short-circuit element 25 reduces the conduction resistance by providing the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 having large diameters on the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 that are widely provided. May be.

  The first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 may be formed by providing low melting point metal layers 22b and 24b on the surfaces of the high melting point metals 22a and 24a serving as cores. As the metal constituting the low melting point metal layers 22b and 24b, solder such as Pb free solder containing Sn as a main component can be preferably used. As the high melting point metals 22a and 24a, Cu or Ag is used as a main component. An alloy to be used can be preferably used.

  By providing the low melting point metal layers 22b and 24b on the surfaces of the high melting point metals 22a and 24a, the reflow temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the low melting point metal layers 22b and 24b when the short circuit element 25 is reflow mounted. Even if the metal is melted, it can be prevented from melting as the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24. The first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 can be connected to the first and second external connection electrodes 21 and 23 using a low melting point metal constituting the outer layer.

  The first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 can be formed by forming a low melting point metal on the high melting point metal 22a and 24a by using a plating technique, and other known lamination techniques and films. It can also be formed by using a forming technique.

  The first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 are formed by a conductive plating layer or a conductive layer formed by applying a conductive paste, in addition to using metal bumps or metal posts. May be.

  In addition, the first and second external connection terminals 22 and 24 are provided in advance on the mounting object side such as a substrate on which the short-circuit element 25 is mounted, and in the mounting body on which the short-circuit element is mounted, You may make it connect with the external connection electrodes 21 and 23. FIG.

[LED compensation circuit]
Next, a circuit configuration of an electronic device incorporating the short-circuit element 1 will be described. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the LED lighting device 30 as an example of the electronic apparatus. As shown in FIG. 13A, the LED lighting device 30 has a plurality of light emitting diodes 31 connected in series on the current path. Further, in the LED lighting device 30, each light emitting diode 31 and both terminals 4 a and 5 a of the switch 20 of the short-circuit element 1 are connected in parallel via the protective resistor 34, and the resistor terminal portion 3 a of the short-circuit element 1. Are connected on the current path, thereby forming the LED unit 32. The LED lighting device 30 is configured by connecting a plurality of LED units 32 in series.

  The protective resistor 34 has a resistance value corresponding to the internal resistance of the light emitting diode 31. Further, the resistance value of the heating resistor 3 is larger than the internal resistance of the light emitting diode 31. Therefore, when the light emitting diode 31 is operating normally, the LED lighting device 30 does not flow to the short-circuit element 1 side but flows to the light emitting diode 31 side as shown in FIG. 13B.

  However, if an abnormality appears in the light emitting diode 31 and it is electrically opened, as shown in FIG. 13C, the LED lighting device 30 causes the current E to flow to the resistor terminal portion 3a side of the short-circuit element 1. Flowing. As a result, in the short-circuit element 1, the heating resistor 3 generates heat, the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 are melted, and the molten conductor is aggregated on the first and second electrodes 4 and 5. . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13D, the short-circuit element 1 can form a bypass current path by short-circuiting both terminals 4a and 5a of the switch 20. The first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 are fused to stop the power supply to the heating resistor 3.

  According to such an LED lighting device 30, even when an abnormality occurs in one light emitting diode 31, a bypass current path that bypasses the light emitting diode 31 can be formed. The lighting function can be maintained. At this time, since the protection resistor 34 has substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the light emitting diode 31, the LED lighting device 30 can have substantially the same current value as in the normal state on the bypass current path.

[Battery compensation circuit]
Next, a circuit configuration of another electronic device incorporating the short-circuit element 1 will be described. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of a battery pack 40 in which a lithium ion battery used in various electronic devices such as a car and an electric tool is built. As shown in FIG. 14A, the battery pack 40 ensures a high voltage and a large current by connecting a plurality of battery cells 41 in series on the current path. In the battery pack 40, a protection element 42 that interrupts the current path when an abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge of the battery cell 41 is connected to each battery cell 41.

[Configuration of protection element]
As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the protection element 42 is formed on the insulating substrate 44, the heating resistor 46 laminated on the insulating substrate 44 and covered with the insulating member 45, and both ends of the insulating substrate 44. Electrodes 47 (A 1) and 47 (A 2), a heating element extraction electrode 48 laminated on the insulating member 45 so as to overlap the heating resistor 46, and electrodes 47 (A 1) and 47 (A 2) at both ends. And a fusible conductor 49 having a central portion connected to the heating element extraction electrode 48.

  The insulating substrate 44 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape using the same material as that of the insulating substrate 2 described above. The heating resistor 46 is formed by the same manufacturing method using the same material as the heating resistor 3 described above. In the protection element 42, an insulating member 45 is disposed so as to cover the heating resistor 46, and a heating element extraction electrode 48 is disposed so as to face the heating resistor 46 through the insulating member 45. In order to efficiently transfer the heat of the heating resistor 46 to the fusible conductor 49, an insulating member 45 may be laminated between the heating resistor 46 and the insulating substrate 44. One end of the heating element extraction electrode 48 is connected to the heating element electrode 50 (P1). The other end of the heating resistor 46 is connected to the other heating element electrode 50 (P2). The soluble conductor 49 can be the same as the first and second soluble conductors 8 and 9 described above.

  Also in the protective element 42, as with the short-circuit element 1, flux may be applied to almost the entire surface of the soluble conductor 49 in order to prevent oxidation of the soluble conductor 49. In addition, the protection element 42 may place a cover member on the insulating substrate 44 in order to protect the inside.

  The protective element 42 as described above has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. That is, the protection element 42 generates heat by melting the soluble conductor 49 by energizing the soluble conductor 49 connected in series via the heating element extraction electrode 48 and the connection point of the soluble conductor 49 to generate heat. The circuit configuration includes a resistor 46. Of the two electrodes 47 of the protection element 42, one is connected to A1, and the other is connected to A2. Further, the heating element extraction electrode 48 and the heating element electrode 50 connected thereto are connected to P1, and the other heating element electrode 50 is connected to P2.

[Battery pack circuit configuration]
And the protection element 42 is used for the circuit in the battery pack 40 of a lithium ion secondary battery, as shown to FIG. 14 (A). The battery pack 40 includes a battery cell 41, a protection element 42, a short-circuit element 1, a first current control element 52 that controls the operation of the protection element 42, and a second current control that controls the operation of the short-circuit element 1. A plurality of battery units 51 each including an element 53 and a protective resistor 54 are provided, and the plurality of battery units 51 are connected in series.

  In addition, the battery pack 40 detects the voltage of the battery unit 51, the charge / discharge control circuit 55 that controls charging / discharging of the battery unit 51, and the battery cell 41 of each battery unit 51, and the protection element 42 and the short-circuit element 1. And a detection circuit 56 for outputting an abnormal signal to the first and second current control elements 52 and 53 for controlling the operation.

  In each battery unit 51, the electrode 47 (A 1) of the protection element 42 is connected in series with the battery cell 41, and the electrode 47 (A 2) is connected to the charge / discharge current path of the battery pack 40. In the battery unit 51, the second electrode terminal portion 5 a of the short-circuit element 1 is connected to the open end of the protective element 42 via the protective resistor 54, and the first electrode terminal portion 4 a is open to the battery cell 41. , The protection element 42 and the battery cell 41 and the short-circuit element 1 are connected in parallel. Further, in the battery unit 51, the heating element electrode 50 (P2) of the protection element 42 is connected to the first current control element 52, and the resistor terminal portion 3a of the short circuit element 1 is connected to the second current control element 53. ing.

  The detection circuit 56 is connected to each battery cell 41, detects the voltage value of each battery cell 41, and supplies each voltage value to the control unit 59 of the charge / discharge control circuit 55. Further, when the battery cell 41 becomes an overcharge voltage or an overdischarge voltage, the detection circuit 56 sends an abnormal signal to the first and second current control elements 52 and 53 of the battery unit 51 having the battery cell 41. Output.

  The first and second current control elements 52 and 53 are constituted by, for example, field effect transistors (hereinafter referred to as FETs), and the voltage value of the battery cell 41 is set to a predetermined value by a detection signal output from the detection circuit 56. When the voltage exceeds the overdischarge or overcharge state, the protection element 42 and the short-circuit element 1 are operated to switch the charge / discharge current path of the battery unit 51 through the third and fourth current control elements 57 and 58. Regardless of whether it is cut off, the switch 20 of the short-circuit element 1 is short-circuited so as to form a bypass current path that bypasses the battery unit 51.

  The battery pack 40 is detachably connected to a charging device via a positive terminal 40a and a negative terminal (not shown), and a charging voltage from the charging device is applied to each battery cell 41. The battery pack 40 charged by the charging device can operate the electronic device by connecting the positive electrode terminal 40a and the negative electrode terminal to the electronic device operated by the battery.

  The charge / discharge control circuit 55 controls the operations of the third and fourth current control elements 57 and 58 connected in series to the current path flowing from the battery unit 51 to the charging device, and the operations of these current control elements 57 and 58. Part 59. The third and fourth current control elements 57 and 58 are configured by, for example, FETs, and control the gate voltage by the control unit 59 to control conduction and interruption of the current path of the battery unit 51. The control unit 59 operates by receiving power supply from the charging device, and according to the detection result by the detection circuit 56, when the battery unit 51 is overdischarged or overcharged, the current control element is cut off. The operations of 57 and 58 are controlled.

  In such a battery pack 40, since the switch 20 of the short-circuit element 1 is not short-circuited at the normal time, the current E flows to the protection element 42 and the battery cell 41 side as shown in FIG.

  However, in the battery pack 40, when a voltage abnormality or the like is detected in the battery cell 41, an abnormality signal is output from the detection circuit 56 to the first current control element 52, and the heating resistor 46 of the protection element 42 generates heat. . As shown in FIG. 14C, the protection element 42 heats and melts the fusible conductor 49 by the heating resistor 46, thereby blocking between the electrodes 47 (A1) and 47 (A2). Thereby, the battery unit 51 having the abnormal battery cell 41 can be shut off from the charge / discharge current path of the battery pack 40. Note that power supply to the heating resistor 46 is stopped when the fusible conductor 49 is melted.

  Next, in the battery pack 40, an abnormality signal is output to the second current control element 53 of the battery unit 51 by the detection circuit 56, and the heating resistor 3 of the short-circuit element 1 also generates heat. As shown in FIG. 14 (D), the short-circuit element 1 has the first and second electrodes 4, 5 by heating and melting the first and second soluble conductors 8, 9 by the heating resistor 3. The molten conductor agglomerates on the top, and the first electrode terminal portion 4a and the second electrode terminal portion 5a of the switch 20 are short-circuited. Thereby, the short circuit element 1 can form a bypass current path that bypasses the battery unit 51. The first and second fusible conductors 8 and 9 are fused to stop the power supply to the heating resistor 3.

  The protective resistor 54 has substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the battery cell 41, so that the same capacity as that in the normal state can be obtained on the bypass current path.

  According to such a battery pack 40, even when an abnormality occurs in one battery unit 51, a bypass current path that bypasses the battery unit 51 can be formed and is charged by the remaining normal battery units 51. The discharge function can be maintained.

  The protection element of the present invention is not limited to use in a battery pack of a lithium ion secondary battery, and can of course be applied to various uses that require interruption of a current path and bypass by an electric signal. In addition, the operating conditions of the first and second current control elements 52 and 53 and the third and fourth current control elements 57 and 58 are not limited to the case where the voltage of the battery cell 41 is abnormal. It can be activated by detecting any accident such as a sudden rise or submersion.

[Short-circuit element (built-in protection resistor)]
Further, the short-circuit element may be formed by incorporating a protective resistor in advance. In addition, in the following description, about the same structure as the short circuit element 1, the protection element 42, LED lighting apparatus 30, and the battery pack 40 mentioned above, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the detail is abbreviate | omitted.

  FIG. 17 is a plan view of the short-circuit element 60 in which the protective resistor 61 is formed on the insulating substrate 2. In addition to the configuration of the short-circuit element 1 described above, the short-circuit element 60 includes a protective resistor 61 connected to the second electrode 5, and a second electrode terminal portion 5 a is formed via the protective resistor 61. . The protective resistor 61 can be formed simultaneously by the same process using the same material as the heating resistor 3 described above.

  As described above, when the internal resistance of the electronic device or the battery pack 40 is determined, the use of the short-circuit element 60 in which the protective resistor 61 is built in can reduce the process of mounting and the like.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the short-circuit element 60. As for the circuit configuration of the short-circuit element 60, the first electrode terminal portion 4 a and the second electrode terminal portion 5 a are connected via the protective resistor 61 when the switch 20 is short-circuited. That is, the circuit configuration of the short-circuit element 60 is connected to the fuses 8 and 9, the heating resistor 3 connected to one end of the fuses 8 and 9, and the other end of the fuses 8 and 9 to which the heating resistor 3 is not connected. The switch 20 and a protective resistor 61 connected to at least one of the terminals of the switch 20 are provided, and the switch 20 is short-circuited in conjunction with the fusing of the fuses 8 and 9.

[LED compensation circuit (built-in protection resistor)]
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the LED lighting device 62 in which the short-circuit element 60 is incorporated. The circuit configuration of the LED lighting device 62 has the same configuration as the LED lighting device 30 described above except that the short-circuit element 60 is used instead of the short-circuit element 1. That is, the circuit configuration of the LED lighting device 62 includes the short-circuit element 60 and the light-emitting diode 31 described above, the terminal 4a to which the switch 20 and the fuses 8 and 9 are connected, the open terminal 5a of the protective resistor 61, and the light-emitting diode. 31 are connected in parallel, and the heating resistor 3 is connected to the protective resistor 61. When the light emitting diode 31 is abnormal, the fuses 8 and 9 are melted to turn on the switch 20, thereby forming a bypass current path. Is. In the circuit configuration of the LED lighting device 62, the protective resistor 61 of the short-circuit element 60 has substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the light emitting diode 31 of each LED unit 32.

  According to such an LED lighting device 62, even when an abnormality occurs in one light emitting diode 31, a bypass current path that bypasses the light emitting diode 31 can be formed. The lighting function can be maintained. At this time, since the protection resistor 61 has substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the light emitting diode 31, the LED illumination device 62 can have the same current value as that in the normal state on the bypass current path.

[Battery compensation circuit (built-in protection resistor)]
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the battery pack 65 in which the short-circuit element 60 is incorporated. The circuit configuration of the battery pack 65 is the same as the circuit configuration of the battery pack 40 described above except that the short-circuit element 60 is used instead of the short-circuit element 1. That is, the circuit configuration of the battery pack 65 is connected to the above-described short-circuit element 60, the battery cell 41, and the current path of the battery cell 41, and the battery cell 41 is energized by an electrical signal when the battery cell 41 is abnormal. A protection element 42 that shuts off, a protection component 56 that detects an abnormality of the battery cell 41 and outputs an abnormality signal, and control elements 52 and 53 that operate in response to the abnormality signal of the protection component 56. Both ends of the protective element 42, the connection terminal 4a of the fuse 8.9 of the switch 20 and the open terminal 5a of the protective resistor 61 are connected in parallel, and the electrical resistance of the resistor terminal portion 3a of the heating resistor 3 and the protective element 42 is connected. The signal input terminal P2 is connected to the control elements 52 and 53, and when the battery cell 41 is abnormal, the control elements 52 and 53 operate in response to an abnormal signal from the protective component 56. And interrupting the current path of the battery cell 41 by the protective element 42, performs a short circuit switch 20 interlocked with the blowing of the fuse 8,9, in which bypass current path is formed. In the circuit configuration of the battery pack 65, the protective resistance 61 of the short-circuit element 60 provided in each battery unit 51 has substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the battery cell 41 of the battery unit 51.

  According to such a battery pack 65, even when an abnormality occurs in one battery unit 51, a bypass current path that bypasses the battery unit 51 can be formed and charged by the remaining normal battery units 51. The discharge function can be maintained. At this time, the battery pack 65 can have the same current value as that in the normal state on the bypass current path because the protective resistance 61 has substantially the same resistance value as the internal resistance of the battery cell 41.

  In the short-circuit element 60, the external terminal 12 is provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate 2, and the first electrode terminal portion 4a and the second electrode terminal portion 5a are connected to the external terminal 12 through a through hole. As in the case of the short-circuit element 25 described above, the first external connection electrode 21 that is continuous with the first electrode 4, the first electrode 4 is formed on the surface of the insulating substrate 2 on which the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 are formed. You may make it form the 2nd external connection electrode 23 and the 2nd external connection terminal 24 which follow the 2nd electrode 5 via the external connection terminal 22, the protective resistance 61, and.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Short circuit element, 2 Insulating substrate, 3 Heating resistor, 3a Resistor terminal part, 3b Resistor connection terminal, 4 1st electrode, 4a 1st electrode terminal part, 5 2nd electrode, 5a 2nd electrode Terminal part, 6 3rd electrode, 7 4th electrode, 8 1st soluble conductor, 9 2nd soluble conductor, 10 Cover member, 11 Insulating layer, 12 External terminal, 13 Heating element extraction electrode, 15 Flux, 18 cover part electrode, 20 switch, 21 external connection electrode, 22 first external connection terminal, 23 second external connection electrode, 24 second external connection terminal, 30 LED lighting device, 31 light emitting diode, 32 LED Unit, 34 Protection resistance, 40 Battery pack, 41 Battery cell, 42 Protection element, 44 Insulating substrate, 45 Insulating member, 46 Heating resistor, 47 electrode, 48 Heating element extraction electrode, 49 Soluble conductor, 50 Heating element electrode 51 battery units, 52 first current control elements, 53 second current control elements, 54 protective resistors, 55 charge / discharge control circuits, 56 detection circuits, 57 third current control elements, 58 fourth current control elements, 59 control unit, 60 short-circuit element, 61 protection resistance, 62 LED lighting device, 65 battery pack

Claims (43)

An insulating substrate;
A heating resistor provided on the insulating substrate;
First and second electrodes provided adjacent to each other on the insulating substrate;
A third electrode provided on the insulating substrate adjacent to the first electrode and electrically connected to the heating resistor;
A current path is formed by being provided between the first and third electrodes, and the current path between the first and third electrodes is fused by heating from the heating resistor. A soluble conductor,
The first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited by the first soluble conductor melted by heating from the heating resistor and aggregated on the first and second electrodes. A short-circuit element. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited by the first and second fusible conductors melted by heating from the heating resistor and aggregated on the first and second electrodes. The short-circuit element according to claim 1. A fourth electrode provided adjacent to the second electrode on the insulating substrate;
A second soluble conductor provided between the second and fourth electrodes and fusing the current path between the second and fourth electrodes by heating from the heating resistor. ,
The first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited by the first and second fusible conductors melted by heating from the heating resistor and aggregated on the first and second electrodes. The short-circuit element according to claim 1. Comprising an insulating layer laminated on the insulating substrate;
The first to third electrodes are disposed on the insulating layer;
The short-circuit element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heating resistor is disposed inside the insulating layer or between the insulating layer and the insulating substrate.   The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the heating resistor is installed inside the insulating substrate.   4. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the heating resistor is disposed on a surface opposite to an electrode forming surface of the insulating substrate.   4. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the heating resistor is disposed on an electrode forming surface of the insulating substrate. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The heating resistor is superimposed on the first soluble conductor and the second soluble conductor, and the overlapping area with the second soluble conductor is greater than the overlapping area with the first soluble conductor. The short-circuit element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is also wide.   9. The short-circuit element according to claim 2, wherein a width of the second soluble conductor is narrower than that of the first soluble conductor.   The surface of each of the first electrode and the second electrode is coated with any one of Ni / Au plating, Ni / Pd plating, and Ni / Pd / Au plating. The short-circuit element described in 1. A fourth electrode provided adjacent to the second electrode on the insulating substrate;
A second soluble conductor provided between the second and fourth electrodes and fusing the current path between the second and fourth electrodes by heating from the heating resistor. ,
11. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein an area of the first electrode is larger than that of the third electrode, and an area of the second electrode is wider than that of the fourth electrode. . A cover member for protecting the inside provided on the insulating substrate;
A cover part electrode provided on the inner surface of the cover member,
12. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the cover part electrode is installed at a position overlapping the first electrode and the second electrode.   The short-circuit element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a protective resistor connected to either the first electrode or the second electrode on the insulating substrate. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
14. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the first and second soluble conductors are Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The first and second soluble conductors contain a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal,
14. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the low-melting-point metal is melted by heat generated from the heating resistor, and the high-melting-point metal is eroded. The low melting point metal is solder,
The short-circuit element according to claim 15, wherein the refractory metal is Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing Ag or Cu as a main component. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
17. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein an inner layer of the first and second soluble conductors is the low-melting-point metal, and an outer layer is a coating structure of the high-melting-point metal. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
17. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein an inner layer of the first and second fusible conductors is the high-melting point metal, and an outer layer is a covering structure of the low-melting point metal. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
17. The short-circuit element according to claim 1, wherein the first and second soluble conductors have a laminated structure in which the low melting point metal and the high melting point metal are laminated. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The first and second soluble conductors each have a multilayer structure of four or more layers in which the low melting point metal and the high melting point metal are alternately laminated. Item short circuit element. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The said 1st and 2nd soluble conductor partially laminates | stacks the surface of the low melting metal which comprises an inner layer in stripe shape with a high melting metal. Short circuit element. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The said 1st and 2nd soluble conductor consists of a refractory metal which has many opening parts, and a low melting metal inserted in the said opening part, The any one of Claims 1 thru | or 13, 15 or 16 The short circuit element of description. A second soluble conductor provided on the second electrode;
The short circuit element according to any one of claims 1 to 13, 15 to 22, wherein a volume of the low melting point metal of the first and second soluble conductors is larger than a volume of the high melting point metal. A fuse,
A heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse;
A switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected,
A short-circuit element circuit in which the switch is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse. A fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, and a switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected, the switch interlocking with the fusing of the fuse And a short-circuit element that short-circuits,
With electronic components,
The switch has both terminals connected in parallel with the electronic component,
An open terminal of the heating resistor is connected to a terminal of the switch terminal to which the fuse is not connected,
A compensation circuit in which when the electronic component is abnormal, the switch is short-circuited when the fuse is melted to form a bypass current path that bypasses the electronic component.   26. The compensation circuit according to claim 25, wherein the electronic component is a light emitting diode that is electrically opened when an abnormality occurs.   27. The compensation circuit according to claim 25, wherein a protective resistor corresponding to an internal resistance of the electronic component is connected on the bypass current path. A fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, and a switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected, the switch interlocking with the fusing of the fuse And a short-circuit element that short-circuits,
Electronic components,
A protective element that is connected on the current path of the electronic component, and that interrupts energization of the electronic component with an electrical signal when the electronic component is abnormal;
A protective component that detects an abnormality of the electronic component and outputs an abnormality signal;
A control element that operates in response to an abnormality signal of the protective component,
Connect both ends of the electronic component and the protection element and both terminals of the switch in parallel,
An open terminal of the heating resistor and an input terminal of the electrical signal of the protection element are connected to the control element,
When the electronic component is abnormal, the control element operates in response to an abnormal signal from the protective component, and the switch interrupts the current path of the electronic component by the protective element and the short circuit of the switch in conjunction with the fusing of the fuse. Compensation circuit that performs bypass current path.   29. The compensation circuit according to claim 28, wherein the electronic component is a battery cell accompanied by an electrical short circuit or thermal runaway in an abnormal state.   30. The compensation circuit according to claim 28, wherein a protective resistance corresponding to an internal resistance of the electronic component is connected on the bypass current path. The control element includes a first control element connected to an open terminal of the heating resistor, and a second control element connected to an electric signal input terminal of the protection element,
The current path by the protection element is interrupted by controlling the protection component and the first and second control elements, and then the bypass current path by the short-circuit element is formed. The compensation circuit according to item 1. A fuse,
A heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse;
A switch connected to the other end of the fuse to which the heating resistor is not connected;
A protective resistor connected to at least one of the terminals of the switch,
The switch is a short-circuit element circuit that is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse. Of the fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, a switch connected to the other end of the fuse not connected to the heating resistor, and a terminal of the switch, the fuse is connected A protective resistor connected to a non-terminal, and the switch includes a short-circuit element that is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse,
With electronic components,
The terminal to which the switch and the fuse are connected and the open terminal of the protective resistor and the electronic component are connected in parallel,
The heating resistor is connected to the protective resistor,
A compensation circuit in which when the electronic component is abnormal, the switch is turned on by melting the fuse and a bypass current path is formed.   34. The compensation circuit according to claim 33, wherein the electronic component is a light emitting diode that is electrically opened when an abnormality occurs. Of the fuse, a heating resistor connected to one end of the fuse, a switch connected to the other end of the fuse not connected to the heating resistor, and a terminal of the switch, the fuse is connected A protective resistor connected to a non-terminal, and the switch includes a short-circuit element that is short-circuited in conjunction with the melting of the fuse,
Electronic components,
A protective element that is connected on the current path of the electronic component, and that interrupts energization of the electronic component with an electrical signal when the electronic component is abnormal;
A protective component that detects an abnormality of the electronic component and outputs an abnormality signal;
A control element that operates in response to an abnormality signal of the protective component,
Connecting both ends of the electronic component and the protection element, the connection terminal of the fuse of the switch and the protection resistor in parallel;
An open terminal of the heating resistor and an input terminal of the electrical signal of the protection element are connected to the control element,
When the electronic component is abnormal, the control element operates in response to an abnormal signal from the protective component, and the switch interrupts the current path of the electronic component by the protective element and the short circuit of the switch in conjunction with the fusing of the fuse. Compensation circuit that performs bypass current path.   36. The compensation circuit according to claim 35, wherein the electronic component is a battery cell accompanied by an electrical short circuit or thermal runaway in an abnormal state. The control element includes a first control element connected to an open terminal of the heating resistor, and a second control element connected to an electric signal input terminal of the protection element,
37. The current path by the protection element is interrupted by controlling the protection component and the first and second control elements, and then a bypass current path by the short-circuit element is formed. Compensation circuit. The insulating substrate has a first external connection electrode continuous with the first electrode on the same surface as the surface on which the soluble conductor is provided, and one or more provided on the first external connection electrode. A first external connection terminal, a second external connection electrode continuous with the second electrode, and one or a plurality of second external connection terminals provided on the second external connection electrode,
The first external connection terminal and the second external connection terminal than the conduction resistance between the first and second external connection electrodes when the first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited. The short circuiting element according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the combined resistance of the short circuit element is low.   The short-circuit element according to claim 38, wherein the external connection terminal is a metal bump or a metal post.   40. The short circuit element according to claim 39, wherein the metal bump or the metal post has a low melting point metal layer formed on the surface of the high melting point metal.   41. The short-circuit element according to claim 40, wherein the high melting point metal is a lead-free solder mainly composed of copper or silver, and the low melting point metal is mainly tin.   The short-circuit element according to claim 38, wherein the external connection terminal is a metal bump made of lead-free solder containing tin as a main component. In the mounting body in which the short-circuit element is mounted on the mounting target,
The short-circuit element is
An insulating substrate;
A heating resistor provided on the insulating substrate;
First and second electrodes provided adjacent to each other on the insulating substrate;
A third electrode provided on the insulating substrate adjacent to the first electrode and electrically connected to the heating resistor;
A current path is formed by being provided between the first and third electrodes, and the current path between the first and third electrodes is fused by heating from the heating resistor. A soluble conductor;
A first external connection electrode that is formed on the same surface as the surface on which the first and second electrodes of the insulating substrate are formed and that is continuous with the first electrode and a second electrode that is continuous with the second electrode. With external connection electrodes,
The first electrode is connected to the mounting object via a first external connection terminal connected on the first external connection electrode, and the second electrode is on the second external connection electrode. It is connected to the mounting object through the connected second external connection terminal,
When the first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited by the first soluble conductor melted by heating from the heating resistor and aggregated on the first and second electrodes, A mounting body, wherein a combined resistance of the first external connection terminal and the second external connection terminal is lower than a conduction resistance between the first and second external connection electrodes.

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