JP6246161B2 - Vacuum mixing system and method for mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vacuum mixing system for mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PMMA cement) from two types of starting components, in particular for mixing medical bone cements and for preserving starting components. .

  The invention further relates to a method for mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement.

  The subject of the present invention is therefore a vacuum mixing system for storage, mixing and (if applicable) dispensing of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement.

  Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is based on pioneering work by Sir Charnley. PMMA bone cement consists of a liquid monomer component and a powder component. This monomer component generally contains methyl methacrylate as a monomer and an active substance (N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine) dissolved in the monomer. The powder component, also referred to as bone cement powder, includes one or more polymers, a radiopaque agent, and an initiator dibenzoyl peroxide. The powder component polymer is made by polymerization, preferably suspension polymerization, based on methyl methacrylate and a comonomer (such as styrene, methyl acrylate, or similar monomers). During mixing of the powder and monomer components, the expansion of the polymer of the powder component in methyl methacrylate produces a dough that can be plastically shaped and become the actual bone cement. During the mixing of the powder and monomer components, the active substance N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with dibenzoyl peroxide while radicals are formed. The radicals so formed initiate the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. As the polymerization of methyl methacrylate proceeds, the viscosity of the cement dough increases until the cement dough solidifies.

  Methyl methacrylate is the most commonly used monomer in polymethyl methacrylate bone cement. Redox initiator systems generally consist of a peroxide, an accelerator, and a suitable reducing agent (if applicable). Radicals are formed only when all components of the redox initiator system function in concert. For this reason, the components of the redox initiator system in a separate starting component are appropriately configured so that they cannot cause radical polymerization. The starting ingredients are stable during storage when these ingredients are appropriate. Only when the two starting components are mixed to produce a cement dough, the components of the redox initiator system, previously stored separately in the two pastes, liquids, or powders, react with each other to form radicals. This causes radical polymerization of at least one monomer. The radical polymerization then results in polymer formation while the monomer is consumed and the cement dough is cured.

  The PMMA bone cement can be mixed by mixing the cement powder and the monomer liquid in a suitable mixing beaker while assisting with a spatula. One disadvantage of such a procedure is that air can be entrained in the cement dough so formed, which can subsequently lead to bone cement destabilization. For this reason, it is preferred to mix the bone cement powder and the monomer liquid in a vacuum mixing system, which, when mixed in a vacuum, significantly eliminates the air contained in the cement dough for optimal cement quality. Is achieved. Bone cement mixed in a vacuum exhibits improved mechanical properties due to the clearly reduced porosity. A number of vacuum cement systems have been disclosed, of which the following are posted for illustrative purposes: Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, Patent Literature 3, Patent Literature 4, Patent Literature 5, Patent Literature 6, Patent Literature 7, Patent Document 8, Patent Document 9, Patent Document 10, Patent Document 11, Patent Document 12, Patent Document 13. In order to create a negative pressure, an external vacuum pump is connected with the vacuum cement fastening system specified here.

  The cement fixation system is due to the development of cement fixation technology, where both cement powder and monomer liquid are pre-filled into separate compartments of the mixing system and mixed together in the cement fixation system until just prior to cement application. The above fully filled mixing system is presented by US Pat. U.S. Patent No. 6,099,077 discloses a closed vacuum mixing system having a two-part dispensing plunger to close a cement cartridge. A combination of a gas permeable sterile plunger and a gas impermeable seal plunger is used in this connection. This principle of the closed vacuum mixing system is implemented in the closed cement fixation system PALACOS® PRO, which is made and distributed by Heraeus Medical GmbH.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a closed vacuum mixing system that is simple in design and inexpensive to manufacture for a polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and a method for mixing the two-component bone cement in a vacuum are presented. In this connection, alternative solutions are presented. Preferably, the vacuum mixing system optionally has several moving parts. In particular, the dispensing plunger also has a simple design. The vacuum mixing system is easily and intuitively operated.

  The vacuum mixing system includes a cement cartridge in which cement powder is stored, and a separate reservoir container in which the monomer liquid is present. Therefore, the monomer liquid is stored separately from the cement powder. Any contact with the above components of the medical user before and after the mixing of the two cement components (ie cement powder and monomer liquid) is eliminated. Therefore, the reservoir container must be open and the monomer must be transferred in a closed system. Cement powder should not come into contact with medical users. During sterilization of the vacuum mixing system with ethylene oxide, it is inevitable that the ethylene oxide penetrates the cement powder present in the cement cartridge and then exits it. The cartridge must have a large gas exchange surface for gas exchange and have an opening to the ambient atmosphere. However, cement powder must not exit the cement cartridge during this process. This means that the vacuum mixing system must be properly designed so that gas exchange is possible so that cement powder does not come out. Furthermore, it must be possible to close the cement cartridge in a vacuum-tight manner during the mixing process. Therefore, between the maximum gas permeability of the cement cartridge for gas exchange during sterilization with ethylene oxide, and at the same time preventing the cement powder from coming out and additionally the vacuum tightness of the cement cartridge during the mixing process. It is believed that it is an object of the present invention to provide a vacuum mixing device that eliminates the incompatibility present in The vacuum mixing system to be developed is made of common thermoplastic materials, if possible, by injection molding and is therefore suitable for single use applications.

  In addition, an inexpensively manufactured device for medical cement mixing and, where applicable, a device that functions reliably for the storage of starting ingredients and a method for mixing bone cement have been devised, if possible. A simple manual operation can be used to mix the starting ingredients so that no air enters the cement dough.

  The main component of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement is powder, and the second component is present in liquid form. Preferably, the two starting components of the bone cement are stored separately from each other in a vacuum mixing system and can be safely mixed using the device.

US Pat. No. 6,033,105 (A) US Pat. No. 5,624,184 (A) US Pat. No. 4,671,263 (A) U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,168 (A) US Pat. No. 5,100,241 (A) International Publication No. 99/67015 (A1) European Patent No. 020 167 (A2) US Pat. No. 5,586,821 (A) European Patent No. 1 016 452 (A2) German Patent No. 36 40 279 (A1) International Publication No. 94/26403 (A1) European Patent No. 1 005 901 (A2) US Pat. No. 5,344,232 (A) European Patent No. 0 692 229 (A1) German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2009 031 178 (B3) US Pat. No. 5,997,544 (A) US Pat. No. 6,709,149 (B1) German Patent No. 698 12 726 (T2) US Pat. No. 5,588,745 (A) German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2009 031 178 (B3)

  An object of the present invention is at least one cartridge having an evacuable interior space for mixing bone cement, the interior space including, for example, a cylindrical displacement volume and movable with, for example, a cartridge The mixing element and its first base surface are arranged in the interior space of the cartridge and are operable from outside the vacuum mixing system to mix the contents in the interior space of the cartridge. A dispensing plunger having a cylindrical outer periphery adjacent to the base surface of the interior space and capable of being secured to the cartridge in a removable manner or movable within a cylindrical section of the interior space of the cartridge; A gas permeable and particle impervious feedthrough is disposed in the dispensing plunger or A through-hole is formed between the dispensing plunger and the inner wall of the interior space, and the feed-through extends from an opening in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger to an opening in the first base surface of the dispensing plunger. Achieved by a vacuum mixing system for mixing.

  A cylinder according to the general definition within the scope of the present invention is a body defined by two parallel, flat, congruent surfaces (base surface and cover surface) and a jacket surface and / or a cylindrical surface. Yes, the jacket surface is formed by parallel straight lines. This means that the cylinder is created by shifting the flat surface along a straight line not located in the plane. The height of the cylinder is indicated by the distance between the two planes where the base surface and the cover surface are located.

  If the straight line is perpendicular to the base surface and the cover surface, the structure is referred to as a straight cylinder. The shape of a straight cylinder in the interior space is preferred according to the invention, but particularly preferably relates only to one or more partial areas of the entire interior space of the cartridge. According to the scope of the present invention, a straight circular cylinder is a special case cylinder, but its symmetry is particularly preferred because it is particularly easy to manufacture.

  The cylindrical outer periphery of the dispensing plunger, as used herein, defines the largest radial extension from the dispensing plunger with respect to the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical section, at least in one section thereof. It is understood to mean including a cylindrical perimeter. The area of the dispensing plunger may also be a non-cylindrical shape, in particular at least one sealing ring, at least one snap-in means, or the opposite snap-in means, and an opening in the jacket surface In addition, a wiper lip may be present. Preferably, the dispensing plunger seals the cylindrical displacement volume with the cylindrical periphery, except for feedthroughs and vacuum connectors, when the cylindrical periphery is positioned within the displacement volume.

  When a feedthrough is formed between the dispensing plunger and the inner wall of the interior space, for example, a cylindrical jacket of the dispensing plunger and / or a groove adjacent to the feedthrough may be provided in the inner wall of the interior space. is there. In this connection, the feedthrough is associated with a dispensing plunger that contacts the inner wall of the interior space. Thus, the feedthrough of the opening may also be defined by an area where the dispensing plunger is not in contact with the inner wall of the interior space, which may be defined by a recess, depression, or groove in the inner wall of the cartridge that is originally cylindrical. is there. However, the feedthrough is preferably located in the dispensing plunger.

  As used herein, negative pressure is understood to mean a pressure related to the ambient atmosphere that is lower than atmospheric pressure. The bone cement is particularly preferably a PMMA bone cement. Preferably, polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PMMA bone cement) can be mixed and / or produced from at least two components. Particularly preferably, one component is a liquid and the other component is a powder.

  The cylindrical area of the dispensing plunger displacement volume may also have a recess, such as a notch, or a protrusion, such as a spring or a peripheral ring, disposed on it, whereby the cylindrical symmetry is local. Can be interrupted. As a result, the snap-in mechanism of the snap means can be realized in the cylindrical section of the dispensing plunger. This also applies to the cylindrical outer periphery of the dispensing plunger.

  Preferably, the vacuum mixing system is provided to be airtight with respect to the outside and / or can be sealed to be airtight.

  As an improvement of the present invention, it is proposed that the dispensing plunger includes at least one perimeter seal that seals the interior space of the cartridge relative to the outside, the dispensing plunger being located opposite the first base surface of the dispensing plunger. It is preferable to have at least one peripheral seal disposed between the second base surface of the plunger and the opening in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger.

  As a result, the vacuum stability of the internal space is improved. Thereby, the negative pressure or vacuum of the internal space is maintained for a long time.

  As a variation of one embodiment of the invention, one of the jacket surfaces of the cartridge wall of the cartridge includes an opening that overlaps with an opening in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger when the dispensing plunger is in the open position. It can be suggested that the internal space is or can be connected in a gas permeable manner to the periphery of the vacuum mixing system.

  As a result, the dispensing plunger can be inserted deeply and stably into the cartridge. This provides better stability of the vacuum mixing system and the dispensing plunger does not clog because it is slightly shorter and easier to design.

  In this regard, the present invention can provide a closure element disposed on the outer wall of the cartridge, whereby the opening in the wall of the cartridge is closed, preferably the closure element is offset in the axial direction of the cartridge. Can be arranged on the outer wall of the cartridge.

  As a result, the cartridge opening need not be closed by the dispensing plunger, or at least by the dispensing plunger alone. Furthermore, the closure element arranged outside the cartridge is naturally closed by the action of a vacuum in the interior space, thus sealing the opening in the cartridge wall. Alternatively, the dispensing plunger is appropriately twisted and / or offset with respect to the cartridge wall opening so that the feedthrough does not overlap the cartridge wall opening so that the feedthrough is within the dispensing plunger. Or on the dispensing plunger and / or can be closed.

  An embodiment having a closure element on the outer wall of the cartridge is presented that fits in contact with the outer wall of the cartridge to cover and thus close the opening in the cartridge wall, and the cartridge A peripheral cuff that is axially displaceable, preferably at least one handle part is fastened on the cuff and provided to manually displace the cuff on the outer wall of the cartridge.

  The cuff may not be completely along the periphery and may be interrupted (this means it can have a break in the axial direction). For this purpose, the cuff may be provided as a ring section or tube section that surrounds at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 75% of the cartridge. Preferably, the inner diameter of the cuff is the same as or smaller than the outer diameter of the cartridge. This embodiment is particularly easy and inexpensive to implement.

  Another embodiment of the present invention can provide a dispensing plunger in a first fixable position that protrudes from the cartridge such that an opening in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger is open, and the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger The dispensing plunger can be provided in a second fixable position that is disposed deep within the interior space of the cartridge such that the opening of the cartridge is closed by the inner wall of the cartridge.

  The above embodiment is advantageous because the cartridge wall can be made without an opening.

  In this context, a peripheral sealing element is provided that is disposed between an opening in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger and a second base surface of the dispensing plunger that is opposite the first base surface of the dispensing plunger. be able to.

  As a result, sealing of the internal space of the cartridge at various positions of the dispensing plunger is ensured.

  A preferred embodiment of the invention is that a gas permeable particle filter, in particular a perforated filter, is provided in the feedthrough and / or at the opening to the feedthrough in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger and / or the first of the dispensing plunger. Located at the opening to the feedthrough in the base surface, the gas permeable particle filter is preferably impermeable for particles having a diameter of more than 1 μm, particularly preferably for particles having a diameter of more than 5 μm. Can be a feature.

  This ensures that the cement powder in the interior space of the cartridge remains in the interior space, and gas can be excluded from the interior space, for example filled with other gases such as ethylene oxide.

  By improvement, the present invention presents that the dispensing plunger is airtight in the direction from the interior of the cartridge, except for the vacuum feedthrough.

  The vacuum feedthrough can be used to draw a vacuum inside the cartridge once the feedthrough is closed.

  Furthermore, the present invention can provide a dispensing plunger to include a gas permeable perforated disk supported by a rib at the first base surface. This allows the perforated disc to be mechanically stabilized.

  In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a dispensing plunger within the cartridge for dispensing bone cement dough mixed from bone cement powder and monomer liquid through a dispensing opening at the end of the cartridge opposite the dispensing plunger. And the dispensing plunger can preferably be pushed axially into the cartridge after removal of the locking mechanism.

  This ensures that the dispensing plunger can be used to dispense cement dough from its cartridge for its actual purpose, ie after sterilization of the contents of the interior space and after mixing of the bone cement components in a vacuum. .

  The present invention also proposes that the dispensing opening of the cartridge includes connecting means, in particular connecting threads.

  A connection screw in the form of a female screw or a male screw is particularly suitable as the connection means. The connecting thread can be used on the one hand to close the application tube and on the other hand to fasten the cartridge of the base or base element.

  Preferably, the invention also provides a mixing element arranged on a rod guided into the cartridge through an airtight path, the mixing element being movable by moving it in and out of the cartridge and rotating it in the cartridge. Preferably, the rod includes a predetermined breaking site where the rod can be cut off near the path once it is withdrawn from the cartridge.

  When the rod is passed, the mixing element is particularly easy to operate from the outside. Preferably, the rod is guided to the inside of the cartridge through an airtight path in the dispensing plunger.

  In a preferred embodiment, the vacuum mixing system includes a reservoir container for the monomer liquid, in particular a glass container for the monomer liquid, the cartridge contains cement powder, and an opening element for the opening of the reservoir container Provided, the cartridge may or may be connected to an open reservoir container through a conduit.

  The term “opening element” is understood to mean a device that, when activated, opens a reservoir of monomer liquid. Exemplary opening elements are specified in DE 10 2010 026 497 B4 and DE 10 2010 026 496 B4.

  It is an important advantage that the reservoir containers are glass ampoules because they are completely non-diffusible and therefore impermeable to the monomer liquid. As a result, the monomer liquid can be stored intact at room temperature for several years.

  In this regard, the present invention can provide a vacuum mixing system that includes a base element, the base element comprising a cartridge, a reservoir container, and an opening element.

  The base element and / or base may integrate the cartridge and further components may be connected to the cartridge. Furthermore, the base element can be used to set up a vacuum mixing system in a stable manner.

  In this connection, the present invention provides a base element to include a coupling means for non-positive fit and / or positive fit-like connection to the cartridge, in particular to the connection means of the dispensing opening of the cartridge. Can do.

  This allows the cartridge to be connected stably and tightly to the fixed base element.

  The present invention may also provide a valve element disposed within the conduit that controls and / or initiates the flow of monomer liquid from the reservoir container to the cartridge.

  This prevents unintended and premature mixing of the monomer and / or second cement component, which can lead to chemical hardening of the cement in the cartridge and subsequent blockage of the vacuum mixing system.

  The vacuum mixing system according to the invention is provided with a snap-in means on the cartridge, at least one opposite snap-in means is provided on the dispensing plunger, the dispensing plunger being removable at a position on the snap-in means in the cartridge. It is fixed or removably fixed in at least two positions, the feedthrough being open in the first fixed position and closed in an airtight manner in the second fixed position.

  As a result, it can be ensured that the snap in the dispensing plunger does not move unintentionally in response to the effect of the vacuum. When the dispensing plunger is removed, the dispensing plunger can be moved in the manner intended by the vacuum. When the dispensing plunger is secured in the second position, or when the feedthrough is closed by a closure element, the monomer liquid and / or the second liquid cement component is used using a vacuum (via a vacuum connector in the dispensing plunger) This can be mixed with the cement powder by the mixing element inside the cartridge by sucking it into the cartridge.

  The basic object of the present invention is also achieved by a method of mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in a vacuum mixing system, in particular in a cartridge of the vacuum mixing system according to the present invention, which is closed by a dispensing plunger. The internal space of the cartridge is opened by a gas permeable feedthrough in the dispensing plunger, the gas is evacuated from the internal space and filled with sterile gas, and then the feedthrough is moved by shifting the dispensing plunger. Closed or closed by manipulating a closing element on the outer periphery of the cartridge, after which the interior space is evacuated through a vacuum feedthrough, and then in vacuum, the bone cement starts in the interior space of the cartridge by the mixing element The ingredients are mixed.

  In this regard, the present invention provides a dispensing plunger that is secured to the cartridge after the dispensing plunger is inserted into the cartridge, and / or a dispensing plunger that is secured after the dispensing plunger is displaced, whereby the dispensing plunger is Through the opposite dispensing opening by pushing the dispensing plunger in the interior space of the cartridge, which is unlocked after the bone cement has been mixed without being drawn into the cartridge in response to the negative pressure effect The mixed bone cement dough is released from the cartridge.

  Furthermore, the present invention can provide an internal space of the cartridge containing the cement powder, and the monomer liquid is supplied to the internal space of the cartridge, and is preferably sucked into the internal space of the cartridge by negative pressure. And mixed with cement powder in the evacuated interior space.

  The present invention is based on the following surprising discovery; having a feedthrough in or on the dispensing plunger connected to an opening in the jacket surface of the plunger in use and oriented in the interior space By providing an opening in the first base surface of the cylindrical dispensing plunger, the interior space of the cartridge for bone cement mixing is accessible for evacuation and sterilization by gas (such as ethylene oxide) At the same time, the option to close the feedthrough allows the interior space to be evacuated through an additional vacuum feedthrough at ambient monomer pressure, which allows the contents to be mixed depending on the vacuum effect. The opening to the interior space can be sealed by simply shifting or twisting the dispensing plunger by means of a closure element on the outer wall of the cartridge. As a result, the vacuum mixing system of the present invention is particularly easy to use and operate, and this design is easy to implement and inexpensive to implement.

A closed vacuum mixing system according to the invention consists for example of a cement cartridge with a mixing element arranged therein, the mixing element being moved axially by an actuating rod guided out of the end of the first cement cartridge. The first cement cartridge end can be closed by a cylindrical dispensing plunger. Vacuum mixing system
a) at least one opening in the cartridge wall is located in the end of the first cement cartridge;
b) the closure element is arranged on the outer wall of the cement cartridge, which can be displaced and has an axial length at least equal to the axial length of the at least one opening of the cartridge wall;
c) The dispensing plunger is characterized in that it has at least one opening in the surface of the cylindrical jacket.

  A cement cartridge is a cartridge suitable for storing cement components and mixing cement dough.

  The opening in the cartridge wall can be provided in a circular, elliptical or rectangular shape. Furthermore, any regular or irregularly shaped opening is equally suitable.

  The slidable closure element is provided as a hollow cylinder or a hollow cylinder with axial discontinuity, the hollow cylinder having an inner diameter that is equal to or less than the outer diameter of the cement cartridge. A non-closed closure element may be disposed under the at least one opening in the cement cartridge jacket surface. In this state, ethylene oxide flows into the cement cartridge through the opening and can exit again once sterilization is complete. When the closure element is pushed axially over the at least one opening and the one opening is completely covered, the interior space of the cement cartridge is closed in an airtight manner.

The vacuum mixing system according to the invention comprises, for example, a cylindrical dispensing plunger,
a) provided that its upper part is airtight,
b) having a vacuum connector at the top;
c) having a gas permeable perforated disc at the bottom supported by ribs;
d) having an internal space formed by an airtight top, a perforated disc rib, and an inner cylindrical jacket surface;
e) The vacuum connector is connected to the internal space in an airtight manner,
f) At least one opening is disposed on the jacket surface and has an axial length that is less than or equal to the distance between the airtight top and the rib, and at least one opening is gas It can be characterized in that it is connected to the perforated disc through the interior space in a permeable manner.

  Preferably, the dispensing plunger of the vacuum mixing system is disposed within the cement cartridge such that at least one opening in the cylindrical jacket surface of the dispensing plunger at least partially overlaps at least one opening in the cement cartridge wall. Removably arranged in an appropriate manner. As a result, during sterilization with ethylene oxide, gas can enter the interior of the cement cartridge through overlapping openings. After completion of sterilization, the remaining ethylene oxide can exit the cement cartridge through these overlapping openings. In this connection, the large surface facilitates the outgassing.

  For the function of a vacuum mixing system having a closure element that can be displaced, it is important that the closure element completely covers at least one opening in the cement cartridge wall after it has been displaced to the end of the first cement cartridge. It is. As a result, the interior space of the cement cartridge is closed in an airtight manner. Thus, when applying a vacuum to the vacuum connector on the top of the dispensing plunger, no air can flow into the cement cartridge from the outside, and a vacuum can be created in the interior space of the cement cartridge. A vacuum inside the cement cartridge draws the closure element onto the cement cartridge. As a result, the closure element is pressed against the outer wall of the cement cartridge and the hermetic seal is reinforced. Thus, alternatively, the closure element can be arranged outside the cartridge so that it can rotate, and when the closure element is in the first position, it opens the opening and in the second rotation position, Close the opening.

  Advantageously, the rod for the mixing element and / or the actuating rod includes a predetermined breaking site. Preferably, the actuating rod is guided through a hermetic feedthrough in the dispensing plunger so that it rotates and is axially movable longitudinally. The predetermined breaking site is that after the actuating rod is pulled upward out of the cartridge in the direction of the dispensing plunger, the mixing element contacts the bottom of the dispensing plunger and the actuating rod is just at the upper edge of the dispensing plunger. Properly configured to be clipped. As a result, it is easy to use a common manually operated dispensing device pestle to move the dispensing plunger axially in the direction of the cartridge head, and the cement dough has an opposite dispensing opening. Extruded from.

  An exemplary mixing system according to the present invention comprises a reservoir container for a monomer liquid, a cement cartridge filled with cement powder, an opening element for opening the reservoir container, and a base element, the cement cartridge, the reservoir container, and The open element is stored in the base element. This means that the base element connects the cement cartridge, the reservoir container and the opening element to each other.

  For this purpose, the base element of the vacuum mixing system according to the invention advantageously comprises a coupling means for a non-positive fit-like and / or positive-fit-like connection to the cement cartridge, in particular to the dispensing opening of the cement cartridge. . The connecting means of the base element may be provided as a cylinder with external threads, for example. The dispensing opening of the cement cartridge can include an internal thread so that the cement cartridge can be threaded onto the cylindrical external thread of the base element. As a result, the cement cartridge can be connected to the base element in a liquid tight manner. The base element can then include an injection nozzle to introduce the monomer liquid into the cement powder stored in the cement cartridge.

  Preferably, the conduit means and / or the conduit is located in the base element of the vacuum mixing system of the present invention. The conduit means connects the reservoir container into the cement cartridge in an appropriate manner so that the monomer liquid can flow into the reservoir container through the conduit means after the reservoir container is opened by actuating the opening element. Preferably, the monomer liquid is aspirated by a vacuum effect from the reservoir container through the conduit means and into the cement cartridge.

  Similar designs, such as chamfering the area of the base surface of the dispensing plunger facing the interior space, or the placement of a perforated filter in the opening of the cartridge wall, are more complex and / or less preferred in practice. Still, the present invention is realized.

  Further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below on the basis of 10 drawings, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective external view of a vacuum mixing system according to the present invention with the feedthrough open. FIG. 2 shows a partial perspective sectional view of the vacuum mixing system according to FIG. 1 with the feedthrough open. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the vacuum mixing system according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with the feedthrough open. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the details of the vacuum mixing system according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 with the feedthrough closed. FIG. 4 shows a perspective external view of another vacuum mixing system according to the present invention with the feedthrough open. FIG. 6 shows a perspective partial sectional view of the vacuum mixing system according to FIG. 5 with the feedthrough open. FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the vacuum mixing system according to FIGS. 5 and 6 with the feedthrough open. FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the details of the vacuum mixing system according to FIGS. 5-7 with the feedthrough open. 9 shows a transverse partial sectional view of the vacuum mixing system according to FIGS. 5 to 8 with the feedthrough closed. FIG. 10 shows a partial perspective cross-sectional view of the vacuum mixing system according to FIGS. 5-9, with the feedthrough closed. FIG.

  The non-physical part defined by the opening, the feedthrough, the internal space and the self-playing space, i.e. the surrounding shape, is only marked with an arrow as a reference arrow in FIGS. The overall physical components and mechanisms of the mixing system are specified by a baseline ending in the corresponding components and / or mechanisms.

  1-3 show a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention and / or a first vacuum mixing system of the present invention wherein the feedthrough 12 through the generally cylindrical dispensing plunger 2 is open. 4 shows the same exemplary embodiment of the present invention and / or the first vacuum mixing system of the present invention, where the feedthrough 1 through the dispensing plunger 2 is closed. In this regard, FIG. 1 shows a perspective external view of the vacuum mixing system of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a perspective partial cross-sectional view, FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 4 shows a detailed cross-sectional view. ing.

  The vacuum mixing system includes a generally tubular cartridge 4 having an interior space 5. The interior space 5 contains cement powder (not shown) for producing cement dough from the two components. The front surface of the cartridge 4 (the bottom of FIGS. 1 to 3 and not shown in FIG. 4) is closed by a plate 6, and an opening having an internal thread 8 is provided. A base plate (not shown) and / or a base (not shown) or a distribution tube (not shown) for applying a premixed cement dough may be attached to the internal thread 8. Through the base plate and / or base, a second liquid container (not shown) containing liquid monomer as the second liquid component of bone cement is connected to the cartridge 4 by a conduit (not shown). For this purpose, the conduit is integrated with a socket on the base plate and / or the base, where a male thread is provided on the thread of the socket, so that the cartridge 4 can be screwed into the socket by means of the female thread 8 or screwed. So that it can or is connected to the cartridge 4 in a pressure-resistant manner through a conduit from the liquid reservoir. A vacuum mixing system having a base of this kind and / or a base plate of this kind, a conduit of this kind, a socket of this kind, and a liquid reservoir of this kind, for example, DE 10 2009 031 178 (B3). ) And / or US Pat. No. 8,757,866 (B2), to which these patents are referenced for any details. With regard to the description below, the front side of the cartridge 4 is initially closed outwardly by screwing the cartridge 4 to this type of base and / or this type of base plate of the vacuum mixing system by means of internal threads 8. It is assumed that

  The cartridge 4 is closed on the rear side by the dispensing plunger 2 (towards the top of FIGS. 1 to 4). The feedthrough of the dispensing plunger 2 has a rod 10 extending therethrough, which extends to the front side of the interior space 5 of the cartridge 4 in the mixing element 12, the mixing element 12 being in the direction of the wall of the cartridge 4. Four mixing wings extending radially to the heel. The rod 10 extends to the rear side of the handle 14 (upper part of FIGS. 1 to 3, not shown in FIG. 4), and the rod 10 can be moved manually by the handle 14. The rod 10 can be rotated about its axis, and is accommodated in the axial direction (movable in the longitudinal direction) of the distribution plunger 2. For this purpose, two bearing rings 16, 18 are provided in the dispensing plunger 2 to fit in contact with the rod 10 and to support the rod 10 with the bearing.

  The lower bearing ring 18 also functions to seal the interior space 5 to prevent powder or cement dough from exiting the interior space 5. Furthermore, a seal 20 in the form of an O-ring made of rubber is provided to seal the internal space 5 in an airtight and pressure resistant manner.

  Since the rod 10 can be rotated by hand and displaced axially, the contents of the internal space 5 can be mixed manually by the mixing element 12.

  The feedthrough 1 through the distribution plunger 2 is covered by a perforated disk 22 on the front side of the distribution plunger 2. The perforated disc 22 prevents cement powder from entering the feedthrough 1 and / or prevents the cement powder from exiting the vacuum mixing system.

  The outer periphery of the dispensing plunger 2 is in the form of an O-ring made of rubber and has a peripheral seal 24 provided at the top so that, for example, as shown in FIG. When inserted and / or inserted sufficiently deep into the space, the space interposed between the dispensing plunger 2 and the inner wall of the cartridge 4 is sealed, and the inner space 5 is closed in an airtight and pressure resistant manner to the outside. Makes it possible to

  The dispensing plunger 2 is provided with a peripheral wiper lip 26 on the front side, so that when the premixed bone cement is dispensed from the inner space 5 through the opening of the plate 6 by the dispensing plunger 2, any cement dough is placed in the inner space. All cement dough is propelled forward without being pushed out of the wiper lip 26 from 5. The wiper lip 26 is deformed for this purpose. In this connection, the wiper lip 26 does not protrude into the wall of the cartridge 4 shown in FIG. 4 and is appropriately deformed with respect to its original shape shown in FIG. The internal space 5 is sealed by the wiper lip 26 due to the elastic force generated during the process. The same sealing principle (in this case for the rod 10) is also used for the lower bearing ring 18.

  In the dispensing plunger 2, the rod 10 is guided through the sleeve 28 of the dispensing plunger 2. Four struts 30 extend as a part of the distribution plunger 2 from the sleeve 28 in the radial direction and in the outer peripheral direction of the distribution plunger 2. The strut 30 functions for mechanical stabilization and shaping of the dispensing plunger 2 and positioning of the perforated disc 22. The distribution plunger 2 is closed on the rear side by a plate 32 between the opening on the jacket surface of the distribution plunger 2 of the feedthrough 1 and the rear end of the distribution plunger 2 (upper part of FIGS. 1 to 4). ing. The plate 32 is part of the dispensing plunger 2 and both are provided as a single part.

  A vacuum feedthrough 34 that is integrated into the vacuum connector 36 in the form of a socket 36 is provided on the plate 32. A hose (not shown) may be plugged into the vacuum connector 36 and connected to a vacuum source (not shown).

  A peripheral spring 38 in the form of a ring 38 is provided on the inner periphery of the cartridge 4 and is provided as snap-in means 38 for securing the dispensing plunger 2 within the cartridge 4. Two peripheral grooves 40, 42 and / or peripheral recesses 40, 42 are provided in the dispensing plunger 2 as opposed snap-in means 40, 42, so that the dispensing plunger 2 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the cartridge 4. It can be fixed at different positions in relation. Instead of a system consisting of the grooves 40, 42 and the spring 38, other fastening means that can be deformed, for example by hand, and thus easier to remove, also do not limit the invention in any way or form. Can be provided similarly.

  Initially, bone cement powder is filled into a cartridge 4 that is closed in the anterior plate 6. For this purpose, the dispensing plunger 2 is initially not yet inserted into the cartridge 4. The dispensing plunger 2 is then inserted into the cartridge 4 until the spring 38 is secured in the lower groove 40. The first fixed position of the dispensing plunger is shown in FIGS. The entire cartridge 4 and / or the entire vacuum mixing system can be opened by removing air from the surroundings of the cartridge 4 and / or vacuum mixing system and filling the cartridge 4 and / or vacuum mixing system with ethylene oxide. It can be disinfected and / or sterilized in the chamber through the thru 1.

  The dispensing plunger 2 is then pushed deeper into the cartridge 4 until the spring 38 engages the upper group 42 and the dispensing plunger 2 is secured in the second position. The second fixed position of the dispensing plunger 2 of the cartridge 4 is shown in FIG. The inner wall of the cartridge 4 closes the opening in the cylindrical jacket of the dispensing plunger and changes the path 1 to the second position. The seal 24 closes the inner space 5 except for the vacuum feedthrough 36 in an airtight and pressure-resistant manner when the seal 24 contacts the inner wall of the cartridge 4.

  The hose connected to the vacuum source is then connected to the vacuum connector 34. Air is drawn from the internal space 5 through the vacuum feedthrough 36. The perforated disk 22 prevents the powder from advancing from the interior space 5 into the vacuum system. Since the internal space 5 is pressure resistant except for the plate 6 and / or the internal thread 8 and the conduit connected to the liquid container, the internal space 5 is evacuated. The conduit and liquid reservoir of the vacuum mixing system are closed outwardly in an airtight and pressure resistant manner. Monomer is drawn from the liquid reservoir through the conduit into the internal space 5. This is mixed with cement powder at this location.

  By rotating, pushing and pulling the rod 10, the cement powder can be mixed with the monomer liquid by hand in the vacuum by means of the mixing element 12 in the interior space 5. After mixing has taken place, the cartridge 4 is unscrewed from the base and / or base plate, and a distribution tube (not shown) is screwed onto the female thread 8. The distribution tube may include a static mixer. The rod 10 may be pulled completely from the internal space 5 to the stop, so that the mixing element 12 contacts the front side of the dispensing plunger 2. The rod 10 may be cut by the handle 14 at a predetermined breaking position (not shown). Thereafter, the cartridge 4 may be inserted into an extrusion device (not shown) to propel the dispensing plunger 2 into the cartridge 4, or the dispensing plunger 2 is propelled by a pestle (not shown). For example, the dispensing plunger 2 may be unlocked from its second position, and no vacuum is applied to the cartridge 4, where atmospheric pressure is applied here, so that the dispensing plunger 2 is still under pressure due to the applied vacuum. It is propelled into the cartridge 4.

  By propelling the dispensing plunger 2, the cement dough is driven from the internal space 5 of the cartridge 4 and applied by the dispensing tube.

  All parts of the vacuum mixing system are manufactured from plastic by injection molding, where the seals 20, 24 are preferably made from rubber or another elastic plastic material.

  FIGS. 5-8 illustrate a second alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention and / or a second vacuum mixing system according to the present invention, wherein a feedthrough 101 through a generally cylindrical dispensing plunger 102. Is open. 9 and 10 show the same, alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and / or a second vacuum mixing system according to the present invention, wherein the feedthrough 101 through the dispensing plunger 102 is closed. In this context, FIG. 5 shows a perspective external view, FIG. 6 shows a partial perspective sectional view, FIG. 7 shows a sectional view, FIG. 8 shows a detailed sectional view, and FIG. 9 shows a lateral partial section. FIG. 10 shows a partial perspective sectional view of the vacuum mixing system.

  The design of another embodiment is essentially similar to the design of the first exemplary embodiment.

  The vacuum mixing system includes a generally tubular cartridge 104 having an interior space 105. The internal space 105 contains cement powder (not shown) for producing cement dough from the two components. The cartridge 104 is closed on the front side (bottom in FIGS. 5-7 and 9, not shown in FIG. 8) by a plate 106 and is provided with an opening having an internal thread 108. A base plate (not shown) and / or base (not shown) or distribution tube (not shown) for applying premixed cement dough may be attached to the internal thread 108. Through the base plate and / or base, a second liquid container (not shown) containing liquid monomer as the second liquid component of bone cement is connected to the cartridge 104 by a conduit (not shown). For this purpose, the conduit is integrated with a socket on the base plate and / or base, where a male thread is provided in the socket thread, whereby the cartridge 104 can be threaded into the socket by means of the female thread 108 or threaded. So that it can or is connected to the cartridge 104 in an airtight manner through a conduit from the liquid reservoir. A vacuum mixing system having a base of this kind and / or a base plate of this kind, a conduit of this kind, a socket of this kind, and a liquid reservoir of this kind, for example, DE 10 2009 031 178 B3 and / or US 8, 757,866 B2, to which these patents are referenced for any details. Regarding the description below, the front side of the cartridge 104 is initially closed outward by screwing the cartridge 104 to this type of base and / or this type of base plate of the vacuum mixing system by means of internal threads 108. It is assumed that

  The cartridge 104 is closed on the rear side by the dispensing plunger 102 (towards the top of FIGS. 5-10). The feedthrough of the dispensing plunger 102 has a rod 110 extending therethrough, which extends to the front side of the interior space 105 of the cartridge 104 in the mixing element 112, and the mixing element 12 is oriented in the direction of the wall of the cartridge 104 Four mixing wings extending radially to the heel. The rod 110 extends to the rear side of the handle 114 (upper part of FIGS. 5-7, 9 and 10, not shown in FIG. 8), and the handle 114 allows the rod to be moved manually. The rod 110 can be rotated around its axis, and is accommodated in the axial direction (movable in the longitudinal direction) of the distribution plunger 102. For this purpose, 102 bearing rings 116, 118 are provided in the dispensing plunger 2 to fit in contact with the rod 110 and to support the rod 110 with the bearing.

  The lower bearing ring 118 also functions to seal the interior space 105 to prevent powder or cement dough from exiting the interior space 105. Furthermore, a seal 120 in the form of an O-ring made of rubber is provided to seal the interior space 105 in an airtight and pressure resistant manner.

  Since the rod 110 can be rotated by hand and displaced axially, the contents of the interior space 105 can be mixed manually by the mixing element 112. The feedthrough 101 through the dispensing plunger 102 is covered by a perforated disk 122 on the front side of the dispensing plunger 102. The perforated disc 122 prevents cement powder from entering the feedthrough 101 and / or prevents the cement powder from exiting the vacuum mixing system.

  The outer periphery of the dispensing plunger 102 is in the form of an O-ring made of rubber and has a peripheral seal 124 provided at the top so that the dispensing plunger 102 can be used as shown, for example, in FIGS. When pushed into and / or inserted into the cartridge 104, the space interposed between the dispensing plunger 102 and the inner wall of the cartridge 104 is sealed, and the inner space 5 is closed in an airtight and pressure resistant manner to the outside. Make it possible.

  The dispensing plunger 102 is provided with a peripheral wiper lip 126 on the front side so that when the dispensing plunger 102 dispenses premixed bone cement from the interior space 105 through the opening of the plate 106, any cement dough is placed in the interior space. All cement dough is propelled forward without being pushed out of the wiper lip 126 from 105. The wiper lip 126 is deformed for this purpose. The wiper lip 126 is appropriately deformed from its original shape. The internal space 105 is sealed by the wiper lip 126 due to the elastic force generated during the process. The same sealing principle (in this case for the rod 110) is also used for the lower bearing ring 118.

  In the dispensing plunger 102, the rod 110 is guided through the sleeve 128 of the dispensing plunger 102. The four struts 130 of the dispensing plunger 102 extend radially from the sleeve 128 in the direction of the outer periphery of the dispensing plunger 102. The struts 130 help to mechanically stabilize and shape the dispensing plunger 102 and position the perforated disc 122. The dispensing plunger 102 is closed on the rear side by a plate 132 between the opening on the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger 102 of the feedthrough 101 and the rear end of the dispensing plunger 102 (upper part of FIGS. 5 to 10). ing. The plate 132 is part of the dispensing plunger 102 and both are provided as a single part.

  A vacuum feedthrough 134 that is integrated into the vacuum connector 136 in the form of a socket 136 is provided on the plate 132. A hose (not shown) may be plugged into the vacuum connector 136 and connected to a vacuum source (not shown).

  A peripheral spring 138 in the form of a ring 138 is provided at the inner periphery of the cartridge 104 and is provided as snap-in means 138 to secure the dispensing plunger 102 within the cartridge 104. Peripheral grooves 140 and / or peripheral recesses 140 are provided on the dispensing plunger 102 as opposing snap-in means 140 so that the dispensing plunger 102 can be fixed in relation to the longitudinal mobility of the cartridge 104. . Instead of a system consisting of a groove 140 and a spring 138, other fastening means that can be deformed, for example by hand, and thus easier to remove, are likewise not limiting the invention in any way or form. Can be provided.

  At least one opening 143 is provided in the wall of the cartridge 104 and in the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger 102 that leads to the feedthrough 101 through the dispensing plunger 102 at the position of the dispensing plunger 102 shown in FIGS. Overlaps the opening. A ring-shaped cuff 144 is provided on the outer periphery of the cartridge 104 as a closure element 144. The cuff 144 has an inner periphery that is the same as or slightly smaller than the outer periphery of the cartridge 104 so that the cuff 144 fits the cartridge 104. The protrusion 146 or handle 146 allows the cuff 144 to move along the cylindrical axis of the cartridge 104 and thus close the opening 143 in the wall of the cartridge 104.

  Initially, bone cement powder is loaded into a cartridge 104 that is closed in the anterior plate 106. For this purpose, the dispensing plunger 102 is initially not yet inserted into the cartridge 104. Thereafter, the dispensing plunger 102 is inserted into the cartridge 104 until the spring 138 is secured in the groove 140. In this connection, the cuff 144 does not cover the opening 143 and / or the opening 143. The open position is shown in FIGS. The entire cartridge 104 and / or the entire vacuum mixing system can be opened by removing air from the surroundings of the cartridge 4 and / or vacuum mixing system and filling the cartridge 104 and / or vacuum mixing system with ethylene oxide. It can be disinfected and / or sterilized in the chamber through the through 101 and the open opening 143.

  Thereafter, the cuff 144 is pushed over the opening 143. The cuff 144 closes one or more openings 143 in the wall of the cartridge 104 toward the feedthrough 101. The seal 124 closes the internal space 105 except for the vacuum feedthrough 136 in a pressure-resistant and airtight manner when the seal 124 contacts the inner wall of the cartridge 104.

  The hose connected to the vacuum source is then connected to the vacuum connector 134. Air is drawn from the interior space 105 through the vacuum feedthrough 136. The perforated disc 122 prevents the powder from advancing from the interior space 105 into the vacuum system. Since the internal space 105 is pressure resistant except for the plate 106 and / or the internal thread 108 and the conduit connected to the liquid container, the internal space 105 is evacuated. Due to the vacuum in the interior space 105, the cuff 144 is pushed and / or sucked into the opening 143, and the opening 143 is effectively closed by this means. The conduit and liquid reservoir of the vacuum mixing system are closed outwardly in an airtight and pressure resistant manner. Monomer is drawn from the liquid reservoir through the conduit into the interior space 105. This is mixed with cement powder at this location.

  By rotating, pushing and pulling the rod 110, the cement powder can be mixed with the monomer liquid by hand in the vacuum by the mixing element 112 in the interior space 105. After mixing has occurred, the cartridge 104 is unscrewed from the base and / or base plate and a distribution tube (not shown) is threaded onto the female thread 108. The distribution tube may include a static mixer. The rod 110 may be pulled completely from the interior space 105 to the stop so that the mixing element 112 contacts the front side of the dispensing plunger 102. The rod 110 may be cut by the handle 114 at a predetermined breaking position (not shown). Thereafter, the cartridge 104 may be inserted into an extrusion device (not shown) to propel the dispensing plunger 102 into the cartridge 104, or the dispensing plunger 102 is propelled by a pestle (not shown). For example, the dispensing plunger 102 may be unlocked from its fixed position, and no vacuum is applied to the cartridge 104, and since atmospheric pressure is applied here, the dispensing plunger 2 remains in the cartridge due to the still applied vacuum. 4 is promoted.

  By propelling the dispensing plunger 102, the cement dough is driven from the interior space 105 of the cartridge 104 and applied by the dispensing tube.

  All parts of the vacuum mixing system are manufactured from plastic by injection molding, where the seals 120, 124 are preferably made from rubber or another elastic plastic material.

  The features, figures and exemplary embodiments of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description and in the claims are essential for the implementation of the various embodiments of the invention, both alone and in any combination. Can be.

1, 101 Feedthrough 2, 102 Distributing plunger 4, 104 Cartridge 5, 105 Cartridge internal space 6, 106 Plate 8, 108 Female thread 10, 110 Rod 12, 112 Mixing element 14, 114 Handle 16, 116 Bearing / bearing ring 18 , 118 Bearing / bearing ring 20, 120 Seal / O-ring 22, 122 Perforated disk 24, 124 Seal / O-ring 26, 126 Wiper lip 28, 128 Sleeve 30, 130 Prop 32, 132 Plate 34, 134 Vacuum connector / socket 36, 136 Vacuum feedthrough 38, 138 Spring 40, 140 Groove / recess 42 Groove / recess 143 Cartridge wall opening 144 Closure element / cuff 146 Protrusion / handle

Claims (21)

A vacuum mixing system for mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement,
At least one cartridge (4, 104) having an evacuable internal space (5, 105) for mixing said bone cement, said internal space (5, 105) comprising a cylindrical displacement volume At least one cartridge (4, 104);
In order to mix the contents in the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) which are arranged in the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) to be movable A mixing element (12, 112) that can be operated from outside the vacuum mixing system;
The first base surface has a cylindrical outer periphery adjacent to the base surface of the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104), and is removable from the cartridge (4, 104). A dispensing plunger (2, 102) which can be fixed or is movable and movable in a cylindrical section of the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) in the detached state; ,
A feedthrough (1, 101) for forming a passage to the ambient atmosphere during the gas exchange process, comprising a gas permeable and particle impermeable member (1, 101),
The feed at least part of the through (1, 101) is configured to be disposed in the distributor plunger (2, 102) in,
Vacuum mixing system for mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement.   The dispensing plunger (2, 102) includes at least one peripheral seal (20, 120) that seals the interior space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) against the outside, the dispensing plunger A second base surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102) located opposite the first base surface of the plunger (2, 102) and the opening of the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102); The vacuum mixing system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one perimeter seal (20, 120) arranged between the two.   The feedthrough (1, 101) is arranged such that when one of the jacket surfaces of the cartridge wall of the cartridge (4, 104) is in the open position, the dispensing plunger (2, 102) is in the open position. 102) including an opening (143) that overlaps the opening on the jacket surface, whereby the internal space (5, 105) is connected in a gas-permeable manner to the periphery of the vacuum mixing system, 3. A vacuum mixing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it can be connected. A closure element (144) arranged on the outer wall of the cartridge (4, 104), whereby the opening (143) in the wall of the cartridge (4, 104) is closed;
4. The closure element (144) according to claim 3, characterized in that it is arranged on the outer wall of the cartridge (4, 104), which can be displaced in the axial direction of the cartridge (4, 104). Vacuum mixing system.   The closure element (144) fits in contact with the outer wall of the cartridge (4, 104) to cover and thus close the opening (143) in the wall of the cartridge (4, 104). And a peripheral cuff (144) that is axially displaceable of the cartridge (4, 104), wherein at least one handle part (146) is fastened on the cuff (144), and the cartridge (4, 104 The vacuum mixing system according to claim 4, characterized in that it is provided for manually shifting the cuff (144) on the outer wall.   The dispensing plunger (2, 102) protrudes from the cartridge (4, 104) in a first fixed position such that the opening of the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102) is open; and The dispensing plunger (2, 102) is, in the second lockable position, such that the opening of the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102) is closed by the inner wall of the cartridge (4, 104). 3. The vacuum mixing system according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum mixing system is arranged deep inside the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104).   A peripheral sealing element (20, 120) is located on the opening of the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102) and on the opposite side of the first base surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102). The vacuum mixing system according to claim 6, characterized in that it is arranged between the second base surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102).   A perforated filter (22, 122) functioning as a gas permeable particle filter (22, 122) is provided in the feedthrough (1, 101) and / or on the jacket surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102). At the opening to the thru (1, 101) and / or at the opening to the feedthrough (1, 101) in the first base surface of the dispensing plunger (2, 102), the perforated 8. A vacuum mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter (22, 122) is impermeable for particles having a diameter of more than 1 [mu] m.   The distribution plunger (2, 102) is airtight in a direction from the inside of the cartridge (4, 104) except for a vacuum feedthrough (36, 136). A vacuum mixing system according to claim 1.   10. The distribution plunger (2, 102) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a gas permeable perforated disk (22, 122) supported by a rib on the surface of the first base. The vacuum mixing system according to one item.   The dispensing plunger for dispensing bone cement dough mixed from bone cement powder and monomer liquid through a dispensing opening at the end of the cartridge (4, 104) opposite the dispensing plunger (2, 102). (2,102) can be pushed axially into the cartridge (4,104) and the dispensing plunger (2,102) can be moved into the cartridge (4,104) after removing the locking mechanism. The vacuum mixing system according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum mixing system can be pushed in an axial direction.   12. A vacuum mixing system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispensing opening of the cartridge (4, 104) comprises connecting means (8, 108), in particular connecting threads.   The mixing element (12, 112) is arranged on a rod (10, 110) guided into the cartridge (4, 104) through an airtight path, the mixing element (12, 112) being the mixing element (12). 112) can be moved by moving the mixing element (12, 112) in and out of the cartridge (4, 104) and rotating the mixing element (12, 112) in the cartridge (4, 104). The rod (10, 110) includes a predetermined breakage site, once the rod (10, 110) is withdrawn from the cartridge (4, 104), the rod (10, 110) can be cut off near the path. Item 13. The vacuum mixing system according to any one of Items 1 to 12.   The vacuum mixing system includes a reservoir container for the monomer liquid, in particular a glass container for the monomer liquid, the cartridge (4, 104) contains cement powder and is open for the opening of the reservoir container 14. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an element is provided and the cartridge (4, 104) is or can be connected to the reservoir container opened through a conduit. Vacuum mixing system.   15. A vacuum mixing system according to claim 14, characterized in that the vacuum mixing system comprises a base element, the base element comprising the cartridge (4, 104), the reservoir container and the opening element.   The base element is connected in a non-positive and / or positive-fit manner to the connection means (8, 108) of the dispensing opening of the cartridge (4, 104), in particular the cartridge (4, 104), The vacuum mixing system according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises connecting means.   17. A valve element for controlling and / or initiating the flow of the monomer liquid from the reservoir container to the cartridge (4, 104) is arranged in the conduit. The vacuum mixing system according to item.   Snap-in means (38, 138) are provided on the cartridge (4, 104), and at least one opposite snap-in means (40, 42, 140) is provided on the dispensing plunger (2, 102). The plunger (2, 102) is removably fixed in one position to snap-in means (38, 138) in the cartridge (4, 104) or removably fixed in at least two positions; 17. A vacuum mixing system according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the feedthrough (1, 101) opens in a first fixed position and closes in an airtight manner in a second fixed position. A method of mixing polymethylmethacrylate bone cement in the interior space of a vacuum mixing system, in particular a cartridge (4, 104) of a vacuum mixing system according to any one of claims 1-18, comprising:
The internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) closed by the dispensing plunger (2, 102) is the gas permeation in or on the dispensing plunger (2, 102). Gas feedthrough (1, 101), gas is removed from the internal space (5, 105), and the internal space (5, 105) is filled with sterilizing gas, and then the feedthrough (1, 101) 101) is closed by displacing the dispensing plunger (2, 102) or by operating a closing element (144) on the outer periphery of the cartridge (4, 104) and then vacuum feedthrough The internal space (5, 105) is evacuated through (36, 136), and then in the vacuum, the cartridge (4, 104) Serial wherein the starting components of the bone cement is mixed by the internal space (5, 105) in the mixing element (12, 112), the method.   The dispensing plunger (2, 102) is secured to the cartridge (4, 104) after the dispensing plunger (2, 102) is inserted into the cartridge (4, 104) and / or the dispensing plunger. (2,102) is fixed after the dispensing plunger (2,102) is displaced, so that the dispensing plunger is pulled into the cartridge (4,104) in response to the effect of negative pressure And after the bone cement has been mixed, the fixation is released, and by pushing the dispensing plunger (2, 102) in the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) Mixed bone cement dough is discharged from the cartridge (4, 104) through a side dispensing opening. The method according to 9. The internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104) contains cement powder, and the monomer liquid is caused by the negative pressure in the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104). Guided into the internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104), the monomer liquid is mixed with the cement powder in the evacuated internal space (5, 105) of the cartridge (4, 104). 21. Method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that they are mixed.

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