JP6238811B2 - Fuel supply system for diesel engine - Google Patents

Fuel supply system for diesel engine Download PDF

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JP6238811B2
JP6238811B2 JP2014066711A JP2014066711A JP6238811B2 JP 6238811 B2 JP6238811 B2 JP 6238811B2 JP 2014066711 A JP2014066711 A JP 2014066711A JP 2014066711 A JP2014066711 A JP 2014066711A JP 6238811 B2 JP6238811 B2 JP 6238811B2
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fuel
fuel injection
plunger
engine
cam
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JP2015190345A (en
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諭 長谷川
諭 長谷川
慶太 内藤
慶太 内藤
宮田　雄介
雄介 宮田
信裕 山本
信裕 山本
山口　隆志
隆志 山口
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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Priority to KR1020150019942A priority patent/KR102265797B1/en
Priority to CN201510096234.5A priority patent/CN104948364B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/38—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions
    • F02M59/42—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

本発明は、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置に関し、詳しくは、エンジンの逆回転始動を防止することができるディーゼルエンジンの燃料供給装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a fuel injection device for a diesel engine, and more particularly to a fuel supply device for a diesel engine that can prevent reverse rotation start of the engine.

従来、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置として、次のものがある。
図５(Ａ)に示すように、燃料噴射ポンプ(１)と燃料噴射カム(２)を備え、燃料噴射カム(２)に燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)と燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)とが設けられ、エンジン正回転(３)時には、燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)で燃料噴射ポンプ(１)のプランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射され、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)の案内で下死点側に戻されるプランジャ(４)で、プランジャ室(５)に燃料(８)が吸い込まれるように構成された、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置(例えば、特許文献１参照)。 Conventionally, there are the following fuel injection devices for diesel engines.
As shown in FIG. 5A, a fuel injection pump (1) and a fuel injection cam (2) are provided, and a fuel injection cam surface (2a) and a fuel suction cam surface (2b) are provided on the fuel injection cam (2). When the engine rotates forward (3), the plunger (4) of the fuel injection pump (1) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel injection cam surface (2a), and the injector is injected from the plunger chamber (5). The fuel (8) is injected into the combustion chamber (7) through (6) and returned to the bottom dead center side by the guide of the fuel suction cam surface (2b). A fuel injection device for a diesel engine configured to suck in fuel (8) (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

この種の装置によれば、燃料噴射ポンプ(１)と燃料噴射カム(２)により、簡易な構成で燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)を供給することができる利点がある。   This type of apparatus has an advantage that the fuel (8) can be supplied to the combustion chamber (7) with a simple configuration by the fuel injection pump (1) and the fuel injection cam (2).

特開２００６−１７０４７号公報(図２参照)JP 2006-17047 A (see FIG. 2)

《問題点》 エンジンが逆回転状態で始動することがある。
この種の装置では、エンジン搭載機械で登坂中、エンジンが停止し、機械が坂の下り方向に逆行すると、エンジンが逆回転状態で始動することがある。 <Problem> The engine may start in the reverse rotation state.
In this type of device, the engine may stop while climbing on the engine-equipped machine, and the engine may start in a reverse rotation state when the machine runs backward in the downhill direction.

本発明の課題は、エンジンの逆回転始動を防止することができるディーゼルエンジンの燃料供給装置を提供することにある。   The subject of this invention is providing the fuel supply apparatus of the diesel engine which can prevent a reverse rotation start of an engine.

本発明の発明者らは、研究の結果、図５(Ａ)に示す従来の燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の中期(１０ｂ)にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置までしか形成されていないため、エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、図５(Ｂ)に示すように、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の吸気行程(１８)中に開始(１２ａ)され、噴射された燃料(８)の全てが後の爆発行程(１９)で燃焼して、大きな出力が発生し、エンジンが逆回転状態で始動する不具合が生じることを発見した。
本発明の発明者らは、更に研究を重ねた結果、カムプロフィールの改良により、エンジン逆回転(１１)時、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から排出されるように構成することにより、エンジンが逆回転状態で始動する不具合を防止できることを発見し、この発明に至った。 As a result of research, the inventors of the present invention have found that the conventional fuel suction cam surface (2b) shown in FIG. 5 (A) is in the middle stage (10b) of the intake stroke (10) during the forward engine rotation (3). The plunger (4) is formed only up to the position where it abuts against the tappet (4a). Therefore, during reverse engine rotation (11) , the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b). Then, the fuel (8) is injected from the plunger chamber (5) into the combustion chamber (7) via the injector (6), and this fuel (8) is injected as shown in FIG. 5 (B). The fuel injection period (12) at the reverse engine rotation (11) starts (12a) during the intake stroke (18) at the reverse engine rotation (11), and all of the injected fuel (8) is later It was discovered that the engine burned during the explosion stroke (19), generating a large output and causing the engine to start in the reverse rotation state.
As a result of further research, the inventors of the present invention have exhausted a part or all of the injected fuel (8) from the combustion chamber (7) during reverse engine rotation (11) by improving the cam profile. It has been found that by configuring as described above, it is possible to prevent a problem that the engine starts in a reverse rotation state, and the present invention has been achieved.

(請求項１と請求項３に係る発明に共通する発明特定事項)
請求項１と請求項３に係る発明に共通する発明特定事項は、次の通りである。
図１(Ａ)または図４(Ａ)に例示するように、燃料噴射ポンプ(１)と燃料噴射カム(２)を備え、燃料噴射カム(２)に燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)と燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)とが設けられ、エンジン正回転(３)時には、燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)で燃料噴射ポンプ(１)のプランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射され、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)の案内で下死点側に戻されるプランジャ(４)で、プランジャ室(５)に燃料(８)が吸い込まれるように構成された、ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置。 (Invention-specific matters common to the inventions of claims 1 and 3)
Invention specific matters common to the inventions according to claims 1 and 3 are as follows.
As illustrated in FIG. 1 (A) or FIG. 4 (A), a fuel injection pump (1) and a fuel injection cam (2) are provided, and a fuel injection cam surface (2a) and a fuel are provided on the fuel injection cam (2). A suction cam surface (2b) is provided, and at the time of normal engine rotation (3), the plunger (4) of the fuel injection pump (1) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel injection cam surface (2a). Fuel (8) is injected from the plunger chamber (5) into the combustion chamber (7) via the injector (6) and returned to the bottom dead center side by the guide of the fuel suction cam surface (2b). A fuel injection device for a diesel engine, characterized in that the fuel (8) is sucked into the plunger chamber (5).

(請求項１に固有の発明特定事項)
請求項１に係る発明に固有の発明特定事項は、次の通りである。
図１(Ａ)に例示するように、燃料噴射カム(２)に逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられ、この逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)は、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の終期(１０ｃ)にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置まで形成され、
エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、図１(Ｂ)に例示するように、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の排気行程(１３)中に開始(１２ａ)され、この排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成され、
図２に例示するように、燃料噴射カム(２)が複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)に対応して複数設けられ、複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)のうち、定められた爆発順序に従って、一つ置きに爆発する半数の気筒(♯１)(♯４)に燃料(８)を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられている、ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置。 (Invention specific matter specific to claim 1)
Invention specific matters specific to the invention according to claim 1 are as follows.
As illustrated in FIG. 1A, a reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cam (2), and the reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is a fuel suction cam surface (2b). ) Is formed to a position where it comes into contact with the tappet (4a) of the plunger (4) at the end stage (10c) of the intake stroke (10) at the time of engine forward rotation (3),
At the time of engine reverse rotation (11), the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b), and from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6) to the combustion chamber (7). As shown in FIG. 1B, the fuel injection period (12) during the reverse engine rotation (11) in which the fuel (8) is injected is the reverse engine rotation. (11) is started (12a) during the exhaust stroke (13), and during this exhaust stroke (13), part or all of the injected fuel (8) is taken from the combustion chamber (7) to the intake valve port ( 14) is configured to be discharged via
As illustrated in FIG. 2, a plurality of fuel injection cams (2) are provided corresponding to a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4), and a plurality of cylinders (# 1) ( All fuel injections for injecting fuel (8) into half of the cylinders (# 1) (# 4) that explode every other in # 2), (# 3), and # 4 A fuel injection device for a diesel engine, characterized in that a cam (20) for preventing reverse rotation start is used for the cams (2) and (2).

(請求項３に固有の発明特定事項)
請求項３に係る発明に固有の発明特定事項は、次の通りである。
図４(Ａ)に例示するように、燃料噴射カム(２)に逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられ、この逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)は、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の始期(１０ａ)以降にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置から形成が開始(２ｃ)され、
エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、図４(Ｂ)に例示するように、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の排気行程(１３)中に完了(１２ｂ)され、この排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成され、
図２に例示するように、燃料噴射カム(２)が複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)に対応して複数設けられ、複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)のうち、定められた爆発順序に従って、一つ置きに爆発する半数の気筒(♯１)(♯４)に燃料(８)を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられている、ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの燃
料噴射装置。 (Invention specific matter specific to claim 3)
Invention specific matters specific to the invention of claim 3 are as follows.
As illustrated in FIG. 4A, a reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cam (2), and the reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) has a fuel suction cam surface (2b). ) Is started (2c) from a position where it comes into contact with the tappet (4a) of the plunger (4) after the start stage (10a) of the intake stroke (10) at the time of forward rotation (3) of the engine.
At the time of engine reverse rotation (11), the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b), and from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6) to the combustion chamber (7). As shown in FIG. 4B, the fuel injection period (12) at the time of engine reverse rotation (11) in which the fuel (8) is injected is the engine reverse rotation. (11) is completed (12b) during the exhaust stroke (13), and during this exhaust stroke (13), part or all of the injected fuel (8) is taken from the combustion chamber (7) to the intake valve port ( 14) is configured to be discharged via
As illustrated in FIG. 2, a plurality of fuel injection cams (2) are provided corresponding to a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4), and a plurality of cylinders (# 1) ( All fuel injections for injecting fuel (8) into half of the cylinders (# 1) (# 4) that explode every other in # 2), (# 3), and # 4 Diesel engine fuel, characterized in that a cam (20) for preventing reverse rotation is used for the cams (2) and (2).
Charge injection device.

(請求項１，３に係る発明)
請求項１，３に係る発明は、次の効果を奏する。
《効果》 エンジンの逆回転始動を防止することができる。
図１(Ｂ)、図４(Ｂ)に例示するように、エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成されているので、その後の爆発行程(１９)では燃料不足により、十分な出力が得られず、エンジンの逆回転始動を防止することができる。
《効果》 エンジンの逆回転始動を防止することができる。
図２に例示するように、燃料噴射カム(２)が複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)に対応して複数設けられ、複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)のうち、定められた爆発順序に従って、一つ置きに爆発する半数の気筒(♯１)(♯４)に燃料(８)を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられているので、エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、一つ置きの気筒(♯１)(♯４)に出力不足が生じ、エンジンの逆回転始動を防止することができる。 (Inventions according to claims 1 and 3)
The invention according to claims 1 and 3 has the following effects.
<Effect> It is possible to prevent reverse rotation of the engine.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1B and 4B, during engine reverse rotation (11), part or all of the injected fuel (8) during the exhaust stroke (13) is burned into the combustion chamber (7). ) Through the intake valve port (14), the subsequent explosion stroke (19) cannot provide sufficient output due to fuel shortage and prevent reverse rotation start of the engine. Can do.
<Effect> It is possible to prevent reverse rotation of the engine.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, a plurality of fuel injection cams (2) are provided corresponding to a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4), and a plurality of cylinders (# 1) ( All fuel injections for injecting fuel (8) into half of the cylinders (# 1) (# 4) that explode every other in # 2), (# 3), and # 4 Since the cams (2) and (2) use the reverse rotation start prevention cam (20), when the engine reverse rotation (11), every other cylinder (# 1) (# 4) has insufficient output. This can prevent the engine from starting reverse rotation.

(請求項２に係る発明)
請求項２に係る発明は、請求項１に係る発明の効果に加え、次の効果を奏する。
《効果》 インジェクタでのカーボンの詰まりが防止される。
図１(Ｂ)に例示するように、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の爆発行程(２１)から吸気行程(１０)の終期(１０ｃ)に亘ってプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置まで形成されることにより、プランジャ室(５)への燃料吸込み時に、プランジャ室(５)が正圧となるように構成されているので、プランジャ室(５)へのエンジンオイルの吸込みが抑制され、これに起因するインジェクタ(６)でのカーボンの詰まりが防止される。
プランジャ室(５)への燃料吸込み時に、プランジャ室(５)を正圧にすることができるのは、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が長い範囲に亘って形成されるため、その傾斜を緩やかにして、プランジャ(４)の下死点側への速度を低下させることができるためである。 (Invention of Claim 2)
The invention according to claim 2 has the following effect in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1.
<Effect> Clogging of carbon in the injector is prevented.
As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the fuel suction cam surface (2b) has a plunger (from the explosion stroke (21) during the forward engine rotation (3 ) to the final stroke (10c) of the intake stroke (10). Since the plunger chamber (5) is configured to have a positive pressure when the fuel is sucked into the plunger chamber (5) by being formed up to a position where it abuts against the tappet (4a) of 4), the plunger chamber (5) Suction of engine oil into 5) is suppressed, and carbon clogging in the injector (6) due to this is prevented.
The reason why the plunger chamber (5) can be set to a positive pressure when the fuel is sucked into the plunger chamber (5) is because the fuel suction cam surface (2b) is formed over a long range, so that its inclination is moderated. This is because the speed toward the bottom dead center of the plunger (4) can be reduced.

本発明の第１実施形態に係るエンジンの燃料噴射装置を説明する図で、図１(Ａ)は模式図、図１(Ｂ)はタイムチャートである。FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram and FIG. 1B is a time chart for explaining an engine fuel injection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 図１の装置で用いる噴射ポンプと燃料噴射カムの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the injection pump and fuel injection cam which are used with the apparatus of FIG. 図１の装置の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 本発明の第２実施形態に係るエンジンの燃料噴射装置を説明する図で、図４(Ａ)は模式図、図４(Ｂ)はタイムチャートである。FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram, and FIG. 4B is a time chart, illustrating a fuel injection device for an engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 従来技術に係るエンジンの燃料噴射装置を説明する図で、図５(Ａ)は模式図、図５(Ｂ)はタイムチャートである。FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram and FIG. 5B is a time chart illustrating a fuel injection device for an engine according to a conventional technique.

図１〜図３は本発明の第１実施形態に係るエンジンの燃料噴射装置を説明する図、図４は本発明の第２実施形態に係るエンジンの燃料噴射装置を説明する図であり、各実施形態では、立形直列４気筒ディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置について説明する。   1 to 3 are diagrams for explaining an engine fuel injection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an engine fuel injection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment, a fuel injection device for a vertical in-line four-cylinder diesel engine will be described.

このエンジンの概要は、次の通りである。
図３に示すように、このエンジンは立形直列４気筒ディーゼルエンジンで、シリンダブロック(２２)の上部にシリンダヘッド(２３)が組み付けられ、シリンダボア(２４)内にピストン(２５)が昇降自在に内嵌され、シリンダヘッド(２３)にインジェクタ(６)が取り付けられ、シリンダヘッド(２３)の吸気ポート(２６)の吸気弁口(１４)に吸気弁(２７)が配置されている。図１(Ｂ)に示すように、シリンダヘッド(２３)には排気ポート(図外)や排気弁(２８)(図１(Ａ)参照)も形成されている。図３に示すように、ピストン(２５)の頂部には下向きに窪んだキャビティ(２９)が設けられ、キャビティ(２９)の内部が燃焼室(７)となる。インジェクタ(６)には燃料噴射ポンプ(１)から燃料(８)が圧送される。燃料噴射ポンプ(１)は、シリンダブロック(２２)に形成されたポンプ収容室(３０)に収容され、燃料噴射ポンプ(１)の下方には燃料噴射カム軸(３１)が架設されている。燃料噴射ポンプ(１)はボッシュ式の列形燃料噴射ポンプであり、４本の気筒に対応する４本のプランジャ(４)とそのプランジャ室(５)を備えている。 The outline of this engine is as follows.
As shown in FIG. 3, this engine is a vertical in-line four-cylinder diesel engine. A cylinder head (23) is assembled to the upper part of a cylinder block (22), and a piston (25) can be raised and lowered in a cylinder bore (24). The injector (6) is attached to the cylinder head (23), and the intake valve (27) is disposed at the intake valve port (14) of the intake port (26) of the cylinder head (23). As shown in FIG. 1 (B), the cylinder head (23) is also formed with an exhaust port (not shown) and an exhaust valve (28) (see FIG. 1 (A)). As shown in FIG. 3, a cavity (29) recessed downward is provided at the top of the piston (25), and the inside of the cavity (29) serves as a combustion chamber (7). Fuel (8) is pumped from the fuel injection pump (1) to the injector (6). The fuel injection pump (1) is housed in a pump housing chamber (30) formed in the cylinder block (22), and a fuel injection cam shaft (31) is installed below the fuel injection pump (1). The fuel injection pump (1) is a Bosch type row fuel injection pump, and includes four plungers (4) corresponding to four cylinders and a plunger chamber (5) thereof.

図１(Ａ)に示すように、このエンジンは、燃料噴射ポンプ(１)と燃料噴射カム(２)を備え、燃料噴射カム(２)に燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)と燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)とが設けられ、エンジン正回転(３)時には、燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)で燃料噴射ポンプ(１)のプランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射され、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)の案内で下死点側に戻されるプランジャ(４)で、プランジャ室(５)に燃料(８)が吸い込まれるように構成されている。プランジャ(４)の下死点側への戻りは戻しばね(４ｂ)で行われる。 As shown in FIG. 1 (A), this engine includes a fuel injection pump (1) and a fuel injection cam (2), and a fuel injection cam surface (2a) and a fuel suction cam are provided on the fuel injection cam (2). And the plunger (4) of the fuel injection pump (1) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel injection cam surface (2a) at the time of normal engine rotation (3). 5) Fuel (8) is injected into the combustion chamber (7) through the injector (6) and returned to the bottom dead center side by the guide of the fuel suction cam surface (2b). The fuel (8) is sucked into (5). The return to the bottom dead center side of the plunger (4) is performed by a return spring (4b).

図１(Ａ)に示すように、燃料噴射カム(２)に逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられ、
この逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)は、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の終期(１０ｃ)にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置まで形成されている。
エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、図１(Ｂ)に示すように、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の排気行程(１３)中に開始(１２ａ)され、この排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成されている。
図中、符号(１０ａ)はエンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の始期、(１０ｂ)は同中期、(２５ａ)はピストン昇降サイクル曲線、(２７ａ)は吸気カムのカムリフト曲線、(２８ａ)は排気カムのカムリフト曲線、(３２)はエンジン正回転(３)時の燃料噴射期間を示している。 As shown in FIG. 1A, a reverse rotation start preventing cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cam (2).
The reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is configured such that the fuel suction cam surface (2b) has a tappet (4a) of the plunger (4) at the final stage (10c) of the intake stroke (10) during the forward rotation (3) of the engine. It is formed to the position where it contacts.
At the time of engine reverse rotation (11), the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b), and from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6) to the combustion chamber (7). As shown in FIG. 1 (B), the fuel injection period (12) at the time of engine reverse rotation (11) in which the fuel (8) is injected is the engine reverse rotation ( 11) is started (12a) during the exhaust stroke (13), and during this exhaust stroke (13), part or all of the injected fuel (8) is transferred from the combustion chamber (7) to the intake valve port (14 ) To be discharged through.
In the figure, reference numeral (10a) is the start of the intake stroke (10) during forward engine rotation (3), (10b) is the same intermediate period, (25a) is the piston lift cycle curve, (27a) is the cam lift curve of the intake cam, (28a) shows the cam lift curve of the exhaust cam, and (32) shows the fuel injection period during normal engine rotation (3).

図３に示すように、燃料噴射ポンプ(１)が燃料溜め室(１５)と燃料吸込口(１６)とを備え、燃料溜め室(１５)は、プランジャ室(５)の周囲に設けられ、燃料溜め室(１５)には、燃料フィードポンプ(１７)から燃料(８)が圧送され、燃料吸込口(１６)は、プランジャ室(５)の周壁(５ａ)に設けられ、燃料溜め室(１５)に臨んでいる。
図１(Ｂ)に示すように、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の爆発行程(２１)から吸気行程(１０)の終期(１０ｃ)に亘ってプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置に形成されることにより、プランジャ室(５)への燃料吸込み時に、プランジャ室(５)が正圧となるように構成されている。
燃料溜め室(１５)には、燃料タンク(３３)内の燃料(８)が供給され、燃料噴射に用いられなかった燃料(８)は、燃料溜め室(１５)から燃料タンク(３３)に戻る。 As shown in FIG. 3, the fuel injection pump (1) includes a fuel reservoir chamber (15) and a fuel suction port (16), and the fuel reservoir chamber (15) is provided around the plunger chamber (5). Fuel (8) is pumped into the fuel reservoir (15) from the fuel feed pump (17), and the fuel suction port (16) is provided on the peripheral wall (5a) of the plunger chamber (5). 15)
As shown in FIG. 1B, the fuel suction cam surface (2b) has a plunger (4) extending from the explosion stroke (21) during the forward engine rotation (3) to the final stroke (10c) of the intake stroke (10). ), The plunger chamber (5) is configured to have a positive pressure when fuel is sucked into the plunger chamber (5).
The fuel (8) in the fuel tank (33) is supplied to the fuel reservoir (15), and the fuel (8) not used for fuel injection is transferred from the fuel reservoir (15) to the fuel tank (33). Return.

図２に示すように、燃料噴射カム(２)が４本の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)に対応して４個設けられ、４本の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)のうち、定められた爆発順序に従って、一つ置きに爆発する半数の気筒(♯１)(♯４)に燃料(８)を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられている。具体的には、第１気筒(♯１)と第４気筒(♯４)に燃料を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられている。第２気筒(♯２)と第３気筒(♯３)に燃料を噴射する燃料噴射カム(２)(２)には、図５(Ａ)に示す従来の燃料噴射カム(２)(２)が用いられている。   As shown in FIG. 2, four fuel injection cams (2) are provided corresponding to four cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4), and four cylinders (# 1) are provided. ) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4) All the fuels (8) injected into half of the cylinders (# 1) (# 4) that explode every other according to the predetermined explosion order A reverse rotation start preventing cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cams (2) and (2). Specifically, reverse rotation start prevention cams (20) are used for all the fuel injection cams (2) and (2) that inject fuel into the first cylinder (# 1) and the fourth cylinder (# 4). ing. The fuel injection cams (2) and (2) for injecting fuel into the second cylinder (# 2) and the third cylinder (# 3) include conventional fuel injection cams (2) and (2) shown in FIG. Is used.

次に、本発明の第２実施形態について説明する。
この第２実施形態は、次の点で第１実施形態と異なる。
図４(Ａ)に示すように、燃料噴射カム(２)に逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられ、
この逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)は、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の始期(１０ａ)以降にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置から形成(２ｃ)が開始されるように構成されている。
エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、図４(Ｂ)に示すように、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の排気行程(１３)中に完了(１２ｂ)され、この排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成されている。
他の構成は、第１実施形態と同一の構成とされ、図４(Ａ)(Ｂ)中、第１実施形態と同一の要素には同一の符号や名称を記載しておく。 Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the following points.
As shown in FIG. 4A, a reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cam (2).
This reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) has a fuel suction cam surface (2b) whose tap surface (4a) of the plunger (4) is in the initial stage (10a) of the intake stroke (10) during the forward engine rotation (3). The formation (2c) is started from the position where it abuts the contact.
At the time of engine reverse rotation (11), the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b), and from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6) to the combustion chamber (7). As shown in FIG. 4 (B), the fuel injection period (12) at the time of engine reverse rotation (11) in which the fuel (8) is injected is the engine reverse rotation ( 11) is completed (12b) during the exhaust stroke (13), and during this exhaust stroke (13), part or all of the injected fuel (8) is transferred from the combustion chamber (7) to the intake valve port (14 ) To be discharged through.
The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals and names are described for the same elements as those of the first embodiment in FIGS.

(１) 燃料噴射ポンプ
(２) 燃料噴射カム
(２ａ) 燃料噴射用カム面
(２ｂ) 燃料吸い込み用カム面
(２ｃ) 形成が開始
(３) エンジン正回転
(４) プランジャ
(４ａ) タペット
(５) プランジャ室
(６) インジェクタ
(７) 燃焼室
(８) 燃料
(１０) 正回転時の吸気行程
(１０ａ) 始期
(１０ｃ) 終期
(１１) エンジン逆回転
(１２) 燃料噴射期間
(１３) 逆回転時の排気行程
(１４) 吸気弁口
(１５) 燃料溜め室
(１６) 燃料吸込口
(１７) 燃料フィードポンプ
(１８) 逆回転時の吸気行程 (1) Fuel injection pump
(2) Fuel injection cam
(2a) Fuel injection cam surface
(2b) Fuel suction cam surface
(2c) Formation started
(3) Engine forward rotation
(4) Plunger
(4a) Tappet
(5) Plunger chamber
(6) Injector
(7) Combustion chamber
(8) Fuel
(10) Intake stroke during forward rotation
(10a) The beginning
(10c) Termination
(11) Reverse engine rotation
(12) Fuel injection period
(13) Exhaust stroke during reverse rotation
(14) Inlet valve port
(15) Fuel reservoir
(16) Fuel inlet
(17) Fuel feed pump
(18) Intake stroke during reverse rotation

Claims (3)

燃料噴射ポンプ(１)と燃料噴射カム(２)を備え、燃料噴射カム(２)に燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)と燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)とが設けられ、エンジン正回転(３)時には、燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)で燃料噴射ポンプ(１)のプランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射され、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)の案内で下死点側に戻されるプランジャ(４)で、プランジャ室(５)に燃料(８)が吸い込まれるように構成された、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置において、
燃料噴射カム(２)に逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられ、この逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)は、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の終期(１０ｃ)にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置まで形成され、
エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の排気行程(１３)中に開始(１２ａ)され、この排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成され、
燃料噴射カム(２)が複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)に対応して複数設けられ、複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)のうち、定められた爆発順序に従って、一つ置きに爆発する半数の気筒(♯１)(♯４)に燃料(８)を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられている、ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置。 A fuel injection pump (1) and a fuel injection cam (2) are provided, and a fuel injection cam surface (2a) and a fuel suction cam surface (2b) are provided on the fuel injection cam (2), and the engine normal rotation (3 ) When the plunger (4) of the fuel injection pump (1) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel injection cam surface (2a), the combustion chamber (7) is inserted from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6). ), The fuel (8) is injected, and the plunger (4) is returned to the bottom dead center side by the guide of the fuel suction cam surface (2b) , and the fuel (8) is sucked into the plunger chamber (5). In a diesel engine fuel injection device,
A reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cam (2), and the reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) has a fuel suction cam surface (2b) when the engine is rotating forward (3). It is formed to a position where it comes into contact with the tappet (4a) of the plunger (4) at the end stage (10c) of the intake stroke (10),
At the time of engine reverse rotation (11), the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b), and from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6) to the combustion chamber (7). The fuel injection period (12) during the reverse engine rotation (11) during which the fuel (8) is injected is during the exhaust stroke (13) during the reverse engine rotation (11). initiated (12a), during the exhaust stroke (13), is configured such that a part or all of the fuel injected (8) is discharged through the intake valve ports (14) from the combustion chamber (7) ,
A plurality of fuel injection cams (2) are provided corresponding to a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4), and a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) ( Among all the fuel injection cams (2) and (2) that inject fuel (8) into half of the cylinders (# 1) and (# 4) that explode every other in accordance with a predetermined explosion order. A fuel injection device for a diesel engine, wherein a reverse rotation start preventing cam (20) is used. 請求項１に記載されたディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置において、
燃料噴射ポンプ(１)が燃料溜め室(１５)と燃料吸込口(１６)とを備え、燃料溜め室(１５)は、プランジャ室(５)の周囲に設けられ、燃料溜め室(１５)には、燃料フィードポンプ(１７)から燃料(８)が圧送され、燃料吸込口(１６)は、プランジャ室(５)の周壁(５ａ)に設けられ、燃料溜め室(１５)に臨み、
燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の爆発行程(２１)から吸気行程(１０)の終期(１０ｃ)に亘ってプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置に形成されることにより、プランジャ室(５)への燃料吸込み時に、プランジャ室(５)が正圧となるように構成されている、ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置。 The fuel injection device for a diesel engine according to claim 1,
The fuel injection pump (1) includes a fuel reservoir chamber (15) and a fuel suction port (16). The fuel reservoir chamber (15) is provided around the plunger chamber (5), and is provided in the fuel reservoir chamber (15). The fuel (8) is pumped from the fuel feed pump (17), and the fuel suction port (16) is provided in the peripheral wall (5a) of the plunger chamber (5), facing the fuel reservoir chamber (15),
The position where the fuel suction cam surface (2b) contacts the tappet (4a) of the plunger (4) from the explosion stroke (21) during the forward engine rotation (3) to the final stage (10c) of the intake stroke (10). A fuel injection device for a diesel engine, wherein the plunger chamber (5) has a positive pressure when fuel is sucked into the plunger chamber (5). 燃料噴射ポンプ(１)と燃料噴射カム(２)を備え、燃料噴射カム(２)に燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)と燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)とが設けられ、エンジン正回転(３)時には、燃料噴射用カム面(２ａ)で燃料噴射ポンプ(１)のプランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射され、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)の案内で下死点側に戻されるプランジャ(４)で、プランジャ室(５)に燃料(８)が吸い込まれるように構成された、ディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置において、
燃料噴射カム(２)に逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられ、この逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)は、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)が、エンジン正回転(３)時の吸気行程(１０)の始期(１０ａ)以降にプランジャ(４)のタペット(４ａ)と当接する位置から形成が開始(２ｃ)され、
エンジン逆回転(１１)時には、燃料吸い込み用カム面(２ｂ)で、プランジャ(４)が上死点側に押し込まれて、プランジャ室(５)からインジェクタ(６)を介して燃焼室(７)に燃料(８)が噴射されるとともに、この燃料(８)が噴射されるエンジン逆回転(１１)時の燃料噴射期間(１２)が、エンジン逆回転(１１)時の排気行程(１３)中に完了(１２ｂ)され、この排気行程(１３)中に、噴射された燃料(８)の一部または全部が燃焼室(７)から吸気弁口(１４)を経て排出されるように構成され、
燃料噴射カム(２)が複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)に対応して複数設けられ、複数の気筒(♯１)(♯２)(♯３)(♯４)のうち、定められた爆発順序に従って、一つ置きに爆発する半数の気筒(♯１)(♯４)に燃料(８)を噴射する全ての燃料噴射カム(２)(２)に、逆回転始動防止用カム(２０)が用いられている、ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射装置。 A fuel injection pump (1) and a fuel injection cam (2) are provided, and a fuel injection cam surface (2a) and a fuel suction cam surface (2b) are provided on the fuel injection cam (2), and the engine normal rotation (3 ) When the plunger (4) of the fuel injection pump (1) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel injection cam surface (2a), the combustion chamber (7) is inserted from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6). ), The fuel (8) is injected, and the plunger (4) is returned to the bottom dead center side by the guide of the fuel suction cam surface (2b) , and the fuel (8) is sucked into the plunger chamber (5). In a diesel engine fuel injection device,
A reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) is used for the fuel injection cam (2), and the reverse rotation start prevention cam (20) has a fuel suction cam surface (2b) when the engine is rotating forward (3). Formation (2c) is started from a position where it comes into contact with the tappet (4a) of the plunger (4) after the start stage (10a) of the intake stroke (10),
At the time of engine reverse rotation (11), the plunger (4) is pushed to the top dead center side by the fuel suction cam surface (2b), and from the plunger chamber (5) through the injector (6) to the combustion chamber (7). The fuel injection period (12) during the reverse engine rotation (11) during which the fuel (8) is injected is during the exhaust stroke (13) during the reverse engine rotation (11). completed (12b), during the exhaust stroke (13), is configured such that a part or all of the fuel injected (8) is discharged through the intake valve ports (14) from the combustion chamber (7) ,
A plurality of fuel injection cams (2) are provided corresponding to a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) (# 4), and a plurality of cylinders (# 1) (# 2) (# 3) ( Among all the fuel injection cams (2) and (2) that inject fuel (8) into half of the cylinders (# 1) and (# 4) that explode every other in accordance with a predetermined explosion order. A fuel injection device for a diesel engine, wherein a reverse rotation start preventing cam (20) is used.
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JPH03164563A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-07-16 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd Reverse rotation preventing device for internal combustion engine
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