JP6226236B2 - Concrete composition and method for producing concrete composition - Google Patents
Concrete composition and method for producing concrete composition Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、コンクリート組成物及びコンクリート組成物の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a concrete composition and a method for producing a concrete composition.
一般に、コンクリートは、打設時からの時間の経過と共に乾燥し、それに伴い収縮する。このような乾燥収縮により生じるコンクリートのひずみは、コンクリート構造物にひび割れが発生する要因となり、構造物の耐久性の低下に大きな影響を及ぼす。そのため、乾燥収縮ひずみの小さいコンクリートが求められている。 Generally, concrete dries with the passage of time from the time of placing and shrinks accordingly. The strain of concrete caused by such drying shrinkage causes cracking in the concrete structure and greatly affects the deterioration of the durability of the structure. Therefore, a concrete having a small drying shrinkage strain is demanded.
近年、コンクリートの乾燥収縮ひずみの要因の一つとして、コンクリートを構成する骨材の粒径が指摘されている。例えば、下記の非特許文献１には、セメント硬化体では、骨材の寸法が小さいほど乾燥収縮量が大きいことについて開示されている。また、下記の非特許文献２には、細骨材と粗骨材とを含むコンクリートの乾燥収縮ひずみは、粗骨材体積率が高い方が乾燥収縮低減効果が高いことについて開示されている。 In recent years, the particle size of aggregates constituting concrete has been pointed out as one of the causes of drying shrinkage strain of concrete. For example, the following Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that in a hardened cement body, the amount of drying shrinkage increases as the size of the aggregate decreases. Non-Patent Document 2 below discloses that the drying shrinkage strain of concrete including fine aggregate and coarse aggregate has a higher effect of reducing dry shrinkage when the coarse aggregate volume ratio is higher.
しかしながら、粗骨材と細骨材を組み合わせて用いるコンクリート材料において、それぞれの粒径がコンクリートの乾燥収縮に対して及ぼす具体的な影響については、未だ明確に知られていない。そのため、コンクリート材料の製造プロセスでは、コンクリート材料に含まれる粗骨材及び／または細骨材の粒径を制御することによって、コンクリートの乾燥収縮ひずみを低減するための実用的な試みは行われていなかった。 However, in concrete materials using a combination of coarse and fine aggregates, the specific influence of the respective particle sizes on the drying shrinkage of the concrete is not yet clearly known. Therefore, in the concrete material manufacturing process, practical attempts have been made to reduce the drying shrinkage strain of concrete by controlling the particle size of coarse aggregate and / or fine aggregate contained in the concrete material. There wasn't.
また、一般的に、コンクリートは圧縮強度が高いことが要求されることから、低い乾燥収縮ひずみと高い圧縮強度とを両立可能なコンクリートが求められている。 In general, since concrete is required to have high compressive strength, there is a demand for concrete that can achieve both low drying shrinkage strain and high compressive strength.
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、乾燥収縮ひずみが低減された、圧縮強度の高いコンクリート組成物及び該コンクリート組成物の製造方法を提供する。 In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a concrete composition having a high compressive strength with reduced drying shrinkage strain and a method for producing the concrete composition.
本発明者らは、前記課題を達成するため鋭意検討した結果、細骨材と粗骨材とを含むコンクリート組成物では、粗骨材の粒径はコンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみにあまり影響を及ぼさないことを見出した。その上で、細骨材の粒径によるコンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみへの影響は、骨材材料によって大きく異なり、特に細骨材として硬質砂岩を用いた場合には、細骨材の粒径はコンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみに大きく影響を及ぼすことが判明した。このことから、細骨材として硬質砂岩を用いた場合には、該細骨材の粒径を調整することによって、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみを低減し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above problems, the present inventors have found that in a concrete composition containing fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, the particle size of the coarse aggregate has a great influence on the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition. I found out that it would not reach. In addition, the effect of the fine aggregate particle size on the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition varies greatly depending on the aggregate material, especially when hard sandstone is used as the fine aggregate. Has been found to greatly affect the drying shrinkage strain of concrete compositions. From this, when hard sandstone was used as the fine aggregate, it was found that the dry shrinkage strain of the concrete composition can be reduced by adjusting the particle size of the fine aggregate, and the present invention was completed. It was.
すなわち、本発明のコンクリート組成物は、硬質砂岩を含む細骨材と、粗骨材と、セメントと、水とを含むコンクリート組成物であって、コンクリート組成物中の細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０（メディアン径）が０．８５ｍｍを超え、前記硬質砂岩に含まれる粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の量が、該硬質砂岩全体量に対して１５重量％未満であることを特徴とする。
That is, the concrete composition of the present invention is a concrete composition containing fine aggregate containing hard sandstone, coarse aggregate, cement, and water, and is contained in the entire fine aggregate in the concrete composition. The weight average particle diameter D50 (median diameter) of the hard sandstone exceeds 0.85 mm, and the amount of hard sandstone having a particle diameter of 0.3 mm or less contained in the hard sandstone is less than 15% by weight with respect to the total amount of the hard sandstone. and wherein the der Rukoto.
斯かるコンクリート組成物では、該硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０について０．８５ｍｍを超える大きさとし、粒径の小さい硬質砂岩の割合を小さくすることによって、コンクリートの乾燥収縮ひずみを効果的に低減することができる。 In such a concrete composition, the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone is larger than 0.85 mm, and the proportion of hard sandstone having a small particle diameter is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete. be able to.
加えて、斯かるコンクリート組成物では、細骨材に硬質砂岩を含むため、比較的高い圧縮強度を備えるという利点も有する。 In addition, such a concrete composition also has an advantage of having a relatively high compressive strength because the fine aggregate contains hard sandstone.
また、本発明に係るコンクリート組成物においては、好ましくは、細骨材が、該細骨材に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０よりも小さい重量平均粒径Ｄ５０を有する石灰岩をさらに含んでいる。 In the concrete composition according to the present invention, preferably, the fine aggregate further includes limestone having a weight average particle diameter D50 smaller than the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone contained in the fine aggregate. Yes.
本発明者らは、石灰岩を骨材とするコンクリート組成物についても、粒径と乾燥収縮ひずみとの関係を検討した結果、細骨材として石灰岩を用いた場合には、細骨材の粒径はコンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみにはあまり影響を及ぼさないことも見出した。そのため、斯かるコンクリート組成物では、乾燥収縮ひずみに悪影響を及ぼすことなく、細骨材全体の粒度分布を所定の範囲に調整することができるため、圧縮強度や流動性などのコンクリート組成物に要求される特性を効果的に高めることができる。 As a result of studying the relationship between the particle size and the drying shrinkage strain, the present inventors also examined the relationship between the particle size and the drying shrinkage strain for the concrete composition using limestone as an aggregate. It has also been found that does not significantly affect the drying shrinkage strain of concrete compositions. Therefore, in such a concrete composition, since the particle size distribution of the whole fine aggregate can be adjusted to a predetermined range without adversely affecting the drying shrinkage strain, it is required for the concrete composition such as compressive strength and fluidity. It is possible to effectively enhance the characteristics to be achieved.
また、本発明は、硬質砂岩を含む細骨材と、粗骨材と、セメントと、水とを混練するコンクリート組成物の製造方法であって、細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超え、前記硬質砂岩に含まれる粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の量が、該硬質砂岩全体量に対して１５重量％未満となるように該硬質砂岩の粒径を調整するコンクリート組成物の製造方法にも関する。 Further, the present invention is a method for producing a concrete composition in which fine aggregate containing hard sandstone, coarse aggregate, cement, and water are kneaded, and is a weight average of hard sandstone contained in the entire fine aggregate particle size D50 exceeds 0.85 mm, the particle size 0.3mm below contained in hard sandstone amount of hard sandstone, of the hard sandstone so that a less than 15% by weight relative to the total rigid sandstone amount It also relates to a method for producing a concrete composition that adjusts the particle size.
斯かるコンクリート組成物の製造方法によれば、乾燥収縮ひずみが効果的に低減された、圧縮強度の高いコンクリート組成物を製造することができる。 According to such a method for producing a concrete composition, it is possible to produce a concrete composition having a high compressive strength in which drying shrinkage strain is effectively reduced.
本発明によれば、乾燥収縮ひずみが低減され、圧縮強度の高いコンクリート組成物及び該コンクリート組成物の製造方法を提供し得る。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, dry shrinkage | contraction distortion is reduced and a concrete composition with a high compressive strength and the manufacturing method of this concrete composition can be provided.
以下、本発明の詳細を説明する。なお、本明細書において、コンクリート及びコンクリート組成物とは、細骨材、粗骨材、セメント及び水を含む構成材料を混合したものとし、未硬化体及び硬化体を含む。また、細骨材とは、一般には１０ｍｍ網ふるいを全部通り、５ｍｍ網ふるいを質量で８５％以上通る骨材のことをいうが、本明細書では、細骨材とは、５ｍｍ網ふるいを全て通る、粒径が５ｍｍ以下の骨材とし、それより大きい粒径の骨材を含まないものとする。同様に、本明細書において、粗骨材とは、５ｍｍ網ふるい上に全てとどまる、細骨材より大きい粒径を有する骨材とする。
また、本明細書において、粒径とは、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２に従う骨材のふるい分け試験方法によって測定したＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１−１の試験用ふるいの目開きで表したものとする。加えて、細骨材を所定の目開きの試験用ふるいにかけた際、該試験用ふるい上にとどまる重量が全体の半分以上である場合に、重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が該目開きの大きさを超えるとする。
Details of the present invention will be described below. In this specification, the concrete and the concrete composition are a mixture of constituent materials including fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement, and water, and include uncured bodies and cured bodies. In addition, the fine aggregate generally refers to an aggregate that passes through the entire 10 mm mesh screen and passes through the 5 mm mesh screen by 85% or more. In this specification, the fine aggregate refers to a 5 mm mesh screen. Assume that all the aggregates have a particle size of 5 mm or less, and do not include aggregates with a larger particle size. Similarly, in this specification, the coarse aggregate is an aggregate having a particle size larger than that of the fine aggregate, all remaining on the 5 mm mesh screen.
Moreover, in this specification, a particle size shall be represented with the opening of the test sieve of JISZ8801-1 measured by the aggregate screening test method according to JISA1102. In addition, when the fine aggregate is passed through a test sieve having a predetermined opening, when the weight remaining on the test sieve is more than half of the whole, the weight average particle diameter D50 is the size of the opening. Suppose it exceeds.
（細骨材）
本発明のコンクリート組成物は、硬質砂岩を含む細骨材を含み、コンクリート組成物中の細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０（メディアン径）が０．８５ｍｍを超えることを特徴とする。本発明者らは、硬質砂岩の細骨材を含むコンクリート組成物では、粒径が０．８５ｍｍ程度またはそれより小さい硬質砂岩の割合が多い細骨材を用いると、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみが大きくなることを見出した。したがって、本発明では、該硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０について０．８５ｍｍを超える大きさとし、粒径の小さい硬質砂岩の割合を小さくすることによって、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみを効果的に低減することができる。
なお、本明細書において、硬質砂岩とは、ＪＩＳ Ａ ５００３に従う圧縮強さが２００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2以上の砂岩をいうが、本発明のコンクリート組成物に用いる細骨材に含まれる硬質砂岩の圧縮強さとしては、３００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2以上が好ましく、４００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2以上がより好ましい。
該硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０は、好ましくは１．０ｍｍを超えてもよく、より好ましくは１．２ｍｍを超えてもよい。また、コンクリート組成物の十分な流動性を確保するため、該硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０は、好ましくは２．０ｍｍ以下であってもよく、より好ましくは１．５ｍｍ以下であってもよい。
(Fine aggregate)
The concrete composition of the present invention includes a fine aggregate containing hard sandstone, and the weight average particle diameter D50 (median diameter) of the hard sandstone contained in the entire fine aggregate in the concrete composition exceeds 0.85 mm. Features. In the concrete composition containing the fine aggregate of hard sandstone, the dry shrinkage strain of the concrete composition is obtained when the fine aggregate having a large proportion of hard sandstone having a particle size of about 0.85 mm or less is used. Found that it will grow. Therefore, in the present invention, the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone is more than 0.85 mm, and the proportion of hard sandstone having a small particle diameter is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition. can do.
In the present specification, the hard sandstone means a sandstone having a compressive strength of 200 kgf / cm 2 or more according to JIS A 5003, but the compressive strength of the hard sandstone contained in the fine aggregate used in the concrete composition of the present invention. as is preferably 300 kgf / cm 2 or more, 400 kgf / cm 2 or more and more preferably of.
The weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone may preferably exceed 1.0 mm, more preferably 1.2 mm. Moreover, in order to ensure sufficient fluidity of the concrete composition, the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone may be preferably 2.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or less. .
好ましくは、該硬質砂岩に含まれる粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の量が、該硬質砂岩全体量に対して１５重量％未満であってもよい。粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩は粒径が非常に小さいため、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみにより大きな影響を及ぼす。そのため、粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の含有量が少ない細骨材を用いたコンクリート組成物によれば、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみをさらに低減することができる。該硬質砂岩に含まれる粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の量は、該硬質砂岩全体量に対して、好ましくは１０重量％未満であってもよく、より好ましくは８重量％未満であってもよい。さらに、該硬質砂岩は、粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩を含まなくてもよい。 Preferably, the amount of hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less contained in the hard sandstone may be less than 15% by weight with respect to the total amount of the hard sandstone. Since hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less has a very small particle size, it greatly affects the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition. Therefore, according to the concrete composition using the fine aggregate with a small content of hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less, the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition can be further reduced. The amount of hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less contained in the hard sandstone may be preferably less than 10% by weight, more preferably less than 8% by weight, based on the total amount of the hard sandstone. Also good. Further, the hard sandstone may not include hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less.
特に、本発明のコンクリート組成物に含まれる細骨材は、該細骨材に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０よりも小さい重量平均粒径Ｄ５０を有する石灰岩をさらに含んでいてもよい。本発明者らは、石灰岩を含むコンクリート組成物において、細骨材中の石灰岩の粒径は、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみに対してあまり影響を及ぼさないことを見出した。そのため、斯かるコンクリート組成物により、乾燥収縮ひずみに悪影響を及ぼすことなく、細骨材全体の粒度分布を所定の範囲に調整することができるため、圧縮強度や流動性などのコンクリート組成物に要求される特性を効果的に高めることができる。
加えて、石灰岩は、一般に硬質砂岩よりも乾燥収縮ひずみが少ない骨材として知られている。したがって、斯かるコンクリート組成物では、小粒径の硬質砂岩（すなわち、硬質砂岩において特に乾燥収縮ひずみの大きい部分）を主として石灰岩に置換したものとなるため、同様の粒度分布を有する硬質砂岩のみからなる細骨材を用いたコンクリート組成物と比較して、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみを効率的により高めることができる。
In particular, the fine aggregate contained in the concrete composition of the present invention may further include limestone having a weight average particle diameter D50 smaller than the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone contained in the fine aggregate. The present inventors have found that in a concrete composition containing limestone, the particle size of limestone in the fine aggregate has little influence on the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition. Therefore, such a concrete composition can adjust the particle size distribution of the whole fine aggregate to a predetermined range without adversely affecting the drying shrinkage strain, so that it is required for a concrete composition such as compressive strength and fluidity. It is possible to effectively enhance the characteristics to be achieved.
In addition, limestone is generally known as an aggregate with less drying shrinkage strain than hard sandstone. Therefore, in such a concrete composition, since hard sandstone having a small particle size (that is, a portion having a particularly large dry shrinkage strain in hard sandstone) is mainly replaced with limestone, only hard sandstone having a similar particle size distribution is used. Compared to the concrete composition using the fine aggregate, the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition can be increased more efficiently.
該石灰岩は、コンクリート組成物中の細骨材全体に対して、０〜９９体積％、好ましくは２５〜９９体積％、さらに好ましく２５〜５０体積％含まれていてもよい。特に、粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の石灰岩が、コンクリート組成物中の細骨材全体に対して０〜５０体積％、好ましくは０〜１４体積％含まれていてもよい。該細骨材に含まれる該石灰岩の量を上記範囲とすることにより、乾燥収縮ひずみをさらに低減しつつ、圧縮強度や流動性などのコンクリート組成物に要求される特性をより効果的に高めることができる。
なお、該石灰岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０は、好ましくは０．８５ｍｍ以下であってもよく、より好ましくは０．６ｍｍ以下であってもよく、さらに好ましくは０．３ｍｍ以下であってもよい。
The limestone may be contained in an amount of 0 to 99% by volume, preferably 25 to 99% by volume, and more preferably 25 to 50% by volume with respect to the entire fine aggregate in the concrete composition. In particular, limestone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less may be contained in an amount of 0 to 50% by volume, preferably 0 to 14% by volume, based on the entire fine aggregate in the concrete composition. By making the amount of the limestone contained in the fine aggregate within the above range, the properties required for the concrete composition such as compressive strength and fluidity can be more effectively enhanced while further reducing the drying shrinkage strain. Can do.
In addition, the weight average particle diameter D50 of the limestone may be preferably 0.85 mm or less, more preferably 0.6 mm or less, and further preferably 0.3 mm or less.
本発明のコンクリート組成物に含まれる細骨材としては、硬質砂岩を粉砕して製造される硬質砂岩の砕砂を用いることが好ましい。また、該細骨材が石灰岩を含む場合には、該硬質砂岩の砕砂に、石灰岩の砕砂を混合して用いることが好ましい。 As the fine aggregate contained in the concrete composition of the present invention, it is preferable to use hard sandstone crushed sand produced by pulverizing hard sandstone. Moreover, when the fine aggregate contains limestone, it is preferable to use crushed sand of limestone mixed with crushed sand of the hard sandstone.
なお、該細骨材は、他の砕砂等の人工細骨材、天然砂または再生砂などをさらに含んでいてもよいが、該細骨材は、硬質砂岩を主成分とすることが好ましい。該細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の量は、好ましくは、該細骨材全体の１０重量％以上であってよく、より好ましくは、５０重量％以上であってよい。また、いずれの場合においても、全ての細骨材に含まれる硬質砂岩全体の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８ｍｍを超えるように調整される。 The fine aggregate may further contain other artificial fine aggregates such as crushed sand, natural sand or reclaimed sand, but the fine aggregate is preferably composed of hard sandstone as a main component. The amount of hard sandstone contained in the whole fine aggregate may be preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more of the whole fine aggregate. Moreover, in any case, it adjusts so that the weight average particle diameter D50 of the whole hard sandstone contained in all the fine aggregates may exceed 0.8 mm.
（粗骨材）
本発明のコンクリート組成物に含まれる粗骨材は、コンクリート組成物に一般的に用いられる粗骨材であれば、特に限定されない。すなわち、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみは、コンクリート組成物に含まれる粗骨材の粒径による影響をあまり受けないため、コンクリート組成物の粗骨材として許容され得る任意の粒径の粗骨材を用いることができる。
該粗骨材としては、例えば、川砂利、山砂利、海砂利などの天然骨材、硬質砂岩、硬質石灰岩、玄武岩、安山岩等の砕石などの人工骨材、または再生骨材等が挙げられる。該粗骨材は、一種または複数種を用いてもよい。また、該粗骨材として、該コンクリート組成物に使用される細骨材の主成分である硬質砂岩を（例えば、砕石として）用いることができる。
(Coarse aggregate)
The coarse aggregate contained in the concrete composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a coarse aggregate generally used for a concrete composition. That is, since the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition is not significantly affected by the particle size of the coarse aggregate contained in the concrete composition, the coarse aggregate having an arbitrary particle size acceptable as the coarse aggregate of the concrete composition. Can be used.
Examples of the coarse aggregate include natural aggregate such as river gravel, mountain gravel and sea gravel, artificial aggregate such as crushed stone such as hard sandstone, hard limestone, basalt and andesite, or recycled aggregate. One or more kinds of the coarse aggregate may be used. Moreover, hard sandstone which is a main component of the fine aggregate used for the concrete composition (for example, as crushed stone) can be used as the coarse aggregate.
本発明のコンクリート組成物に含まれる細骨材と粗骨材との配合比率は、細骨材率（細骨材及び粗骨材の合計に対する細骨材の体積割合）として、好ましくは、３４〜５４％であり、より好ましくは、３８〜５０％とすることができる。細骨材率を該範囲とすることで、圧縮強度や流動性などのコンクリート組成物に要求される特性を保ちつつ、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみをより効果的に低減することができる。 The blending ratio of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate contained in the concrete composition of the present invention is preferably 34 as the fine aggregate ratio (volume ratio of fine aggregate to the total of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate). It is -54%, More preferably, it can be 38-50%. By setting the fine aggregate ratio within this range, it is possible to more effectively reduce the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition while maintaining the properties required for the concrete composition such as compressive strength and fluidity.
（セメント）
本発明のコンクリート組成物に含まれるセメントは、コンクリート組成物に一般的に用いられるセメントであれば、特に限定されない。該セメントとしては、例えば、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、超早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、シリカセメント、アルミナセメント、ジェットセメント等が挙げられる。該セメントは、一種または複数種を用いてもよい。
(cement)
The cement contained in the concrete composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a cement generally used for a concrete composition. Examples of the cement include ordinary portland cement, early-strength portland cement, ultra-early-strength portland cement, moderately hot portland cement, low heat portland cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, silica cement, alumina cement, jet cement and the like. . One or more kinds of cement may be used.
（水）
本発明のコンクリート組成物に含まれる水としては、特に限定されず、例えば、水道水、工業用水、回収水、地下水、河川水、雨水等が使用できるが、セメントの水和反応やコンクリート硬化体に悪影響を及ぼす有機物、塩化物イオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン等が含まれない、またはそれらの含有量が極めて微量であることが好ましい。該水としては、品質の安定した水道水または工業用水が特に好ましい。
(water)
The water contained in the concrete composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, tap water, industrial water, recovered water, ground water, river water, rain water, etc. can be used, but cement hydration reaction and concrete hardened body It is preferable that organic substances, chloride ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, and the like that have a negative effect are not contained, or their content is extremely small. As the water, tap water or industrial water with stable quality is particularly preferable.
本発明のコンクリート組成物における単位水量は、好ましくは、２００ｋｇ/ｍ3以下であり、より好ましくは、１８５ｋｇ/ｍ3以下とすることができる。また、本発明のコンクリート組成物では、水／セメント比が、好ましくは３５〜７０重量％、より好ましくは４０〜６５重量％となるように、上記水が添加されてもよい。 Unit water content in the concrete composition of the present invention is preferably at 200 kg / m 3 or less, more preferably, it may be 185 kg / m 3 or less. In the concrete composition of the present invention, the water may be added so that the water / cement ratio is preferably 35 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 65% by weight.
（添加物）
本発明のコンクリート組成物は、必要に応じて添加剤を含んでいてもよい。該添加剤としては、減水剤、分散剤、硬化促進剤等の通常のコンクリート組成物に配合される添加剤を適宜用いることができる。該添加剤は、１種だけ添加してもよく、２種以上を組み合わせて添加してもよい。
(Additive)
The concrete composition of this invention may contain the additive as needed. As the additive, additives blended in a normal concrete composition such as a water reducing agent, a dispersant, and a curing accelerator can be appropriately used. The additive may be added alone or in combination of two or more.
（製造方法）
本発明のコンクリート組成物の製造方法は、上述の細骨材を骨材材料として用いるために、細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超えるように該硬質砂岩の粒径を調整することを特徴とする。該細骨材の粒径は、任意の方法で調整することができる。例えば、ふるい分けなどによって硬質砂岩の砕砂から粒径の小さい硬質砂岩（例えば、粒径０．８５ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩）を除去した後、必要に応じて除去した硬質砂岩を、細骨材中の硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超えるように（すなわち、目開き０．８５ｍｍの試験用ふるいの上に、細骨材全体の５０重量％を超える量がとどまるように）加えることにより、硬質砂岩の粒径を調整してもよい。また、硬質砂岩材料から砕砂を製造する際の破砕条件を調整することにより、重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超える硬質砂岩からなる細骨材を直接製造してもよい。
(Production method)
The method for producing a concrete composition of the present invention uses the above-mentioned fine aggregate as an aggregate material, so that the hard sandstone contained in the entire fine aggregate has a weight average particle diameter D50 exceeding 0.85 mm. It is characterized by adjusting the particle size of sandstone. The particle size of the fine aggregate can be adjusted by any method. For example, after removing hard sandstone having a small particle size (for example, hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.85 mm or less) from the crushed sand of hard sandstone by sieving or the like, By adding the sandstone weight average particle size D50 to be greater than 0.85 mm (ie, the amount exceeding 50% by weight of the total fine aggregate remains on the test sieve having an aperture of 0.85 mm). The particle size of the hard sandstone may be adjusted. Moreover, you may directly manufacture the fine aggregate which consists of hard sandstone whose weight average particle diameter D50 exceeds 0.85 mm by adjusting the crushing conditions at the time of manufacturing crushed sand from hard sandstone material.
該細骨材には、上記硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０よりも小さい重量平均粒径Ｄ５０を有する石灰岩をさらに混合してもよい。該石灰岩の粒径は、任意の方法で調整することができる。例えば、ふるい分けなどによって石灰岩の砕砂から粒径の大きい石灰岩を除去してもよく、石灰岩の破砕条件を調整することにより直接製造してもよい。また、該石灰岩と上記硬質砂岩とは、あらかじめ混合しておいてもよく、後述するセメント等との混練時に別々の細骨材として導入し、その際に混合してもよい。 The fine aggregate may further be mixed with limestone having a weight average particle diameter D50 smaller than the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone. The particle size of the limestone can be adjusted by any method. For example, limestone having a large particle diameter may be removed from crushed limestone by sieving or the like, or may be produced directly by adjusting the crushed conditions of limestone. In addition, the limestone and the hard sandstone may be mixed in advance, or may be introduced as separate fine aggregates when kneaded with cement or the like described later, and then mixed.
本発明のコンクリート組成物は、上述の細骨材、粗骨材、セメント、水及び必要により添加剤を混練することにより製造される。該混練は、ミキサーなどの公知の混練装置を用いるなど、コンクリート製造に一般的に用いられる任意の方法により行うことができる。 The concrete composition of the present invention is produced by kneading the above-mentioned fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement, water and, if necessary, additives. The kneading can be performed by any method generally used in concrete production, such as using a known kneading apparatus such as a mixer.
以上のように、本発明のコンクリート組成物は、硬質砂岩を含む細骨材を含み、コンクリート組成物中の細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０（メディアン径）が０．８５ｍｍを超えることを特徴とするため、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみを効果的に低減することができる。 As described above, the concrete composition of the present invention includes a fine aggregate containing hard sandstone, and the weight average particle diameter D50 (median diameter) of the hard sandstone contained in the entire fine aggregate in the concrete composition is 0. Since it is characterized by exceeding 85 mm, the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition can be effectively reduced.
さらに、本発明のコンクリート組成物において、細骨材が、該細骨材に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０よりも小さい重量平均粒径Ｄ５０を有する石灰岩をさらに含んでいる場合には、圧縮強度や流動性などのコンクリート組成物に要求される特性を効果的に高めると共に、コンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみを効率的により高めることができる。 Furthermore, in the concrete composition of the present invention, when the fine aggregate further includes limestone having a weight average particle diameter D50 smaller than the weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone contained in the fine aggregate, The properties required for the concrete composition such as compressive strength and fluidity can be effectively enhanced, and the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition can be efficiently increased.
また、本発明のコンクリート組成物の製造方法は、硬質砂岩を含む細骨材を用い、細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超えるように該硬質砂岩の粒径を調整するため、乾燥収縮ひずみが効果的に低減されたコンクリート組成物を製造することができる。 Moreover, the method for producing a concrete composition of the present invention uses a fine aggregate containing hard sandstone, and the hard sandstone has a weight average particle diameter D50 exceeding 0.85 mm. In order to adjust the particle size, a concrete composition having effectively reduced drying shrinkage strain can be produced.
以下、本発明の具体的な実施例及び比較例を挙げることにより、本発明を明らかにする。なお、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be clarified by giving specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention. In addition, this invention is not limited to a following example.
（硬質砂岩コンクリート）
以下の実施例及び比較例の硬質砂岩コンクリート組成物を製造するに際し、下記材料を用いた。
細骨材（Ｓ）：硬質砂岩（大阪府茨木産）、表乾密度２．６５ｇ／ｃｍ3、絶乾密度２．６１ｇ／ｃｍ3、吸水率１．６８％、Ｄ５０＝０．８ｍｍ
粗骨材（Ｇ）：硬質砂岩（大阪府茨木産）、表乾密度２．６９ｇ／ｃｍ3、絶乾密度２．６６ｇ／ｃｍ3、吸水率０．９５％、Ｄ５０＝１２．５ｍｍ
セメント（Ｃ）：普通ポルトランドセメント（住友大阪セメント（株）社製）
ＡＥ減水剤：マスターポリヒード（ＢＡＳＦジャパン（株）社製）
(Hard sandstone concrete)
The following materials were used in producing the hard sandstone concrete compositions of the following examples and comparative examples.
Fine aggregate (S): hard sandstone (produced by Ibaraki, Osaka), surface dry density 2.65 g / cm 3 , absolute dry density 2.61 g / cm 3 , water absorption 1.68%, D50 = 0.8 mm
Coarse aggregate (G): Hard sandstone (Osaka Ibaraki production), Table dry density 2.69 g / cm 3, oven dry density of 2.66 g / cm 3, water absorption 0.95%, D50 = 12.5 mm
Cement (C): Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.)
AE water reducing agent: Master Polyhide (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.)
比較例１
表１に示す割合の上記細骨材、上記粗骨材、上記セメント及び水（Ｗ、水道水）に、該セメントに対し０．６重量％のＡＥ減水剤を加えて混合して、比較例１のコンクリート組成物を得た。なお、表１では、「Ｗ／Ｃ」は、水／セメント比を意味し、「ｓ／ａ」は、細骨材率（全骨材に占める細骨材の体積割合）を意味する。
Comparative Example 1
A comparative example in which 0.6% by weight of an AE water reducing agent is added to and mixed with the fine aggregate, the coarse aggregate, the cement and water (W, tap water) in the proportions shown in Table 1. 1 concrete composition was obtained. In Table 1, “W / C” means the water / cement ratio, and “s / a” means the fine aggregate ratio (volume ratio of fine aggregate in the total aggregate).
骨材の粒径調整
上記細骨材及び粗骨材を、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２に従う骨材のふるい分け試験方法により、粒径別に分類した。具体的には、上記細骨材及び粗骨材を、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１−１に従う金属製試験用ふるい（（株）飯田製作所社製）を用いて、それぞれ粒径５〜１．２ｍｍ、１．２〜０．３ｍｍ及び０．３ｍｍ以下の粒径の硬質砂岩からなる細骨材、並びに粒径１５〜１０ｍｍ及び１０〜５ｍｍの粒径の硬質砂岩からなる粗骨材を得た。
また、上記のように分類した細骨材及び粗骨材について、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１−１に従う金属製試験用ふるい（（株）飯田製作所社製）を用いて、それぞれのＤ５０を測定した。具体的には、各骨材に対して、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１−１の付表に列挙された目開きの試験用ふるいをそれぞれ用いて該ふるい上にとどまる骨材の重量の割合を測定し、該割合が５０重量％を超える値及び５０重量％を下回る値を示すデータ群から、それぞれ５０重量％に最も近いデータを１つずつ選択した後、以下の式によりＤ５０の値を推定した。
Adjustment of Aggregate Particle Size The fine aggregate and coarse aggregate were classified according to particle size by the aggregate screening test method according to JIS A1102. Specifically, the above-mentioned fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are each measured using a metal test sieve (made by Iida Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) according to JIS Z8801-1. Fine aggregates composed of hard sandstone having a particle size of 2 to 0.3 mm and 0.3 mm or less, and coarse aggregates composed of hard sandstone having a particle size of 15 to 10 mm and a particle size of 10 to 5 mm were obtained.
Moreover, about each fine aggregate and coarse aggregate classified as mentioned above, each D50 was measured using the sieve for metal tests (made by Iida Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) according to JISZ8801-1. Specifically, for each aggregate, the ratio of the weight of the aggregate staying on the sieve is measured using each of the sieve sieves listed in the appendix of JIS Z 8801-1, and the ratio From the data group showing a value exceeding 50% by weight and a value less than 50% by weight, data closest to 50% by weight was selected one by one, and then the value of D50 was estimated by the following equation.
ｒｓ，ｒｌ：試験用ふるい上にとどまる骨材の割合が５０重量％を超える／下回るデータにおける該骨材の重量％
rs, rl:% by weight of the aggregate in data where the percentage of aggregate remaining on the test sieve is above / below 50% by weight
実施例１
上記粒径調整により得た粒径５〜１．２ｍｍの硬質砂岩（Ｄ５０＝２．０ｍｍ）からなる細骨材として用いた以外は比較例１と同様にして、実施例１のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Example 1
The concrete composition of Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was used as a fine aggregate made of hard sandstone (D50 = 2.0 mm) having a particle size of 5 to 1.2 mm obtained by adjusting the particle size. Obtained.
比較例２
上記粒径調整により得た粒径１．２〜０．３ｍｍの硬質砂岩（Ｄ５０＝０．６ｍｍ）からなる細骨材として用いた以外は比較例１と同様にして、比較例２のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Comparative Example 2
The concrete composition of Comparative Example 2 was the same as Comparative Example 1 except that it was used as a fine aggregate made of hard sandstone (D50 = 0.6 mm) having a particle size of 1.2 to 0.3 mm obtained by the above particle size adjustment. I got a thing.
比較例３
上記粒径調整により得た粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩（Ｄ５０＝０．２ｍｍ）からなる細骨材として用い、加えたＡＥ減水剤をセメントに対して０．７重量％とした以外は比較例１と同様にして、比較例３のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Comparative Example 3
It was used as a fine aggregate made of hard sandstone (D50 = 0.2 mm) having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less obtained by adjusting the particle size, except that the added AE water reducing agent was 0.7% by weight based on cement. In the same manner as Comparative Example 1, a concrete composition of Comparative Example 3 was obtained.
比較例４
４６ 上記粒径調整により得た粒径１５〜１０ｍｍの硬質砂岩（Ｄ５０＝１２．５ｍｍ）からなる粗骨材として用いた以外は比較例１と同様にして、比較例５のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Comparative Example 4
46 A concrete composition of Comparative Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 except that it was used as a coarse aggregate made of hard sandstone (D50 = 12.5 mm) having a particle size of 15 to 10 mm obtained by the above particle size adjustment. It was.
比較例５
上記粒径調整により得た粒径１０〜５ｍｍの硬質砂岩（Ｄ５０＝７．５ｍｍ）からなる粗骨材として用いた以外は比較例１と同様にして、比較例６のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Comparative Example 5
A concrete composition of Comparative Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 except that it was used as a coarse aggregate made of hard sandstone (D50 = 7.5 mm) having a particle size of 10 to 5 mm obtained by the above particle size adjustment. .
乾燥収縮ひずみの評価方法
実施例１及び比較例１〜６のコンクリート組成物について、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１１２９−２に従う方法により乾燥材齢７日における乾燥収縮ひずみを測定した。結果を表２に示す。
Dry Shrinkage Strain Evaluation Method For the concrete compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the dry shrinkage strain at 7 days of dry material was measured by a method according to JIS A 11129-2. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２に示される実施例１及び比較例１によれば、細骨材の粒径を調整することにより粒径５〜１．２ｍｍの硬質砂岩（すなわち、Ｄ５０＞０．８５ｍｍの硬質砂岩）からなる細骨材を用いた実施例１のコンクリート組成物では、細骨材の粒径を調整しなかった比較例１のコンクリート組成物と比較して、乾燥収縮ひずみが効果的に低減されたことが明らかになった。
さらに、表２に示される比較例１〜３によれば、粒径１．２ｍｍ未満の硬質砂岩（Ｄ５０＜０．８５ｍｍの硬質砂岩）からなる細骨材を用いた比較例２，３のコンクリート組成物では、実施例１のコンクリート組成物と比較して、乾燥収縮ひずみが大幅に増加している。これにより、硬質砂岩を細骨材とするコンクリート組成物の乾燥収縮ひずみは、細骨材の粒径に大きく影響を受けることも明らかになった。
また、表２に示される比較例４及び５によれば、粗骨材の粒径を調整しても、乾燥収縮ひずみはあまり影響を受けないことが明らかになった。
According to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shown in Table 2, by adjusting the particle size of the fine aggregate, from hard sandstone having a particle size of 5 to 1.2 mm (that is, hard sandstone having D50> 0.85 mm). In the concrete composition of Example 1 using the fine aggregate, the drying shrinkage strain was effectively reduced as compared with the concrete composition of Comparative Example 1 in which the particle size of the fine aggregate was not adjusted. Became clear.
Further, according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 shown in Table 2, the concretes of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 using fine aggregates made of hard sandstone (D50 <0.85 mm hard sandstone) having a particle size of less than 1.2 mm. In the composition, compared with the concrete composition of Example 1, the drying shrinkage strain is greatly increased. As a result, it became clear that the drying shrinkage strain of the concrete composition using hard sandstone as a fine aggregate is greatly influenced by the particle size of the fine aggregate.
In addition, according to Comparative Examples 4 and 5 shown in Table 2, it became clear that even when the particle size of the coarse aggregate was adjusted, the drying shrinkage strain was not significantly affected.
（石灰岩コンクリート）
以下の実施例及び比較例の石灰岩コンクリート組成物を製造するに際し、下記材料を用いた。
細骨材（Ｓ）：石灰岩（秋芳産）、表乾密度２．６０ｇ／ｃｍ3、絶乾密度２．５４ｇ／ｃｍ3、吸水率２．４０％、Ｄ５０＝０．８ｍｍ
粗骨材（Ｇ）：石灰岩（秋芳産）、表乾密度２．６９ｇ／ｃｍ3、絶乾密度２．６７ｇ／ｃｍ3、吸水率０．５７％、Ｄ５０＝１２．５ｍｍ、
(Limestone concrete)
In producing the limestone concrete compositions of the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the following materials were used.
Fine aggregate (S): Limestone (Akiyoshi production), Table dry density 2.60 g / cm 3, oven dry density of 2.54 g / cm 3, water absorption 2.40%, D50 = 0.8 mm
Coarse aggregate (G): Limestone (produced by Akiyoshi), surface dry density 2.69 g / cm 3 , absolute dry density 2.67 g / cm 3 , water absorption 0.57%, D50 = 12.5 mm,
参考例１
細骨材及び粗骨材として上記の石灰岩を用いた以外は比較例１と同様にして、参考例１のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Reference example 1
A concrete composition of Reference Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 except that the above limestone was used as the fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.
骨材の粒径調整
上述の硬質砂岩コンクリート組成物の製造と同様の方法により、上記細骨材の粒径を調整し、粒径５〜１．２ｍｍ、１．２〜０．３ｍｍ及び０．３ｍｍ以下の粒径の石灰岩からなる細骨材を得た後、それぞれのＤ５０を測定した。
Adjusting the particle size of the aggregate In the same manner as in the production of the hard sandstone concrete composition described above, the particle size of the fine aggregate is adjusted, and the particle size is 5 to 1.2 mm, 1.2 to 0.3 mm, and 0. After obtaining a fine aggregate made of limestone having a particle size of 3 mm or less, each D50 was measured.
参考例２
上記粒径調整により得た粒径５〜１．２ｍｍの石灰岩（Ｄ５０＝２．０ｍｍ）からなる細骨材として用いた以外は参考例１と同様にして、参考例２のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Reference example 2
A concrete composition of Reference Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as Reference Example 1 except that it was used as a fine aggregate made of limestone (D50 = 2.0 mm) having a particle size of 5 to 1.2 mm obtained by the above particle size adjustment. It was.
参考例３
上記粒径調整により得た粒径１．２〜０．３ｍｍの石灰岩（Ｄ５０＝０．６ｍｍ）からなる細骨材として用いた以外は参考例１と同様にして、参考例３のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Reference example 3
The concrete composition of Reference Example 3 in the same manner as Reference Example 1 except that it was used as a fine aggregate made of limestone (D50 = 0.6 mm) having a particle size of 1.2 to 0.3 mm obtained by the above particle size adjustment. Got.
参考例４
上記粒径調整により得た粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の石灰岩（Ｄ５０＝０．２ｍｍ）からなる細骨材として用い、加えたＡＥ減水剤をセメントに対して０．５重量％とした以外は参考例１と同様にして、参考例４のコンクリート組成物を得た。
Reference example 4
It is used as a fine aggregate made of limestone (D50 = 0.2 mm) with a particle size of 0.3 mm or less obtained by the above particle size adjustment, except that the added AE water reducing agent is 0.5% by weight based on cement. The concrete composition of Reference Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1.
乾燥収縮ひずみの評価方法
参考例１〜７のコンクリート組成物について、上述の硬質砂岩コンクリート組成物と同様の方法により、乾燥材齢７日における乾燥収縮ひずみを測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Dry Shrinkage Strain Evaluation Method For the concrete compositions of Reference Examples 1 to 7, the dry shrinkage strain at a dry material age of 7 days was measured by the same method as the hard sandstone concrete composition described above. The results are shown in Table 3.
表３に示される参考例１〜４によれば、骨材を石灰岩とするコンクリート組成物では、細骨材の粒径を調整しても、乾燥収縮ひずみはあまり影響を受けないことが明らかになった。 According to Reference Examples 1 to 4 shown in Table 3, it is clear that the dry shrinkage strain is not significantly affected by adjusting the particle size of the fine aggregate in the concrete composition in which the aggregate is limestone. became.
Claims (3)
コンクリート組成物中の細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超え、
前記硬質砂岩に含まれる粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の量が、該硬質砂岩全体量に対して１５重量％未満であることを特徴とするコンクリート組成物。 A concrete composition comprising fine aggregate, including hard sandstone, coarse aggregate, cement, and water,
The weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone contained in the entire fine aggregate in the concrete composition exceeds 0.85 mm ,
A concrete composition characterized in that the amount of hard sandstone having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less contained in the hard sandstone is less than 15% by weight based on the total amount of the hard sandstone .
細骨材全体に含まれる硬質砂岩の重量平均粒径Ｄ５０が０．８５ｍｍを超え、前記硬質砂岩に含まれる粒径０．３ｍｍ以下の硬質砂岩の量が、該硬質砂岩全体量に対して１５重量％未満となるように該硬質砂岩の粒径を調整するコンクリート組成物の製造方法。
A method for producing a concrete composition in which fine aggregate containing hard sandstone, coarse aggregate, cement, and water are kneaded,
The weight average particle diameter D50 of the hard sandstone contained in the entire fine aggregate exceeds 0.85 mm, and the amount of hard sandstone contained in the hard sandstone having a particle diameter of 0.3 mm or less is 15 with respect to the entire amount of the hard sandstone. method of manufacturing a concrete composition to adjust the particle size of the hard sandstone so that a less than wt%.
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