JP6219666B2

JP6219666B2 - Pneumatic caisson installation method

Info

Publication number: JP6219666B2
Application number: JP2013212916A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 卓哉宮脇; 浩名倉; 健越田
Original assignee: Hazama Ando Corp
Current assignee: Hazama Ando Corp
Priority date: 2013-10-10
Filing date: 2013-10-10
Publication date: 2017-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-10
Also published as: JP2015074942A

Description

本発明は、ニューマチックケーソン工法においてケーソン躯体を地盤に静的に沈設するためのニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for depositing a pneumatic caisson for statically depositing a caisson frame on the ground in a pneumatic caisson method.

ニューマチックケーソン工法は、周知のとおり、ケーソン躯体の下端刃口の内部に気密性を有する作業室を設け、この作業室に圧縮空気を送り込んで、水の浸入を防ぎつつ地盤の掘削作業を行い、ケーソン躯体を地盤に所定のストロークずつ圧入沈降させて所定の深さまで沈設するものである。
この工法による工事では、工事現場が硬質の地盤の場合、ケーソン躯体の沈下時の衝撃によって大きな振動が発生するため、工事現場周辺に住宅などがある場合はこの振動で多大な迷惑を掛けることなり、従来から、ケーソン躯体の静的沈設方法が求められている。 As is well known in the pneumatic caisson method, a work chamber with airtightness is provided inside the lower edge of the caisson housing, and compressed air is sent into this work chamber to perform excavation of the ground while preventing water from entering. The caisson housing is pressed and settled into the ground by a predetermined stroke to be set to a predetermined depth.
In the construction by this method, if the construction site is hard ground, a large vibration is generated by the impact of the caisson housing sinking, so if there are houses around the construction site, this vibration will cause a great deal of trouble. Conventionally, there is a demand for a method for statically setting a caisson housing.

この種のケーソン躯体の沈設方法が例えば特許文献１、２により提案されている。
特許文献１のニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法は、ケーソン躯体の作業室の天井スラブに油圧ジャッキを固定し、この油圧ジャッキを地盤に向けて伸長させてケーソン躯体を支持し、ケーソン躯体の沈下時に、油圧ジャッキを微速縮小させ、ケーソン躯体を微速で沈下させていく工法である。
特許文献２のニューマチックケーソンの沈下方法は、ケーソン躯体の作業室の天井スラブに油圧ジャッキを埋設し、硬質の地盤に対して、油圧ジャッキを伸ばし油圧ジャッキ先端の支圧板を押し付けた状態で、作業室内で掘削機械により地盤を掘削し刃口下部の地盤を掘削して、油圧ジャッキに沈下荷重を預けながら、油圧ジャッキを少しずつ縮めてケーソン躯体を徐々に沈下させていく工法である。 For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a method for laying a caisson housing of this type.
Pneumatic caisson laying method of Patent Document 1 is to fix a hydraulic jack to the ceiling slab of the work room of the caisson housing, extend the hydraulic jack toward the ground to support the caisson housing, and when the caisson housing sinks, This is a method of reducing the speed of the hydraulic jack and sinking the caisson housing at a low speed.
The method of substituting the pneumatic caisson of Patent Document 2 is that a hydraulic jack is embedded in the ceiling slab of the work room of the caisson housing, the hydraulic jack is extended against the hard ground, and the pressure plate at the tip of the hydraulic jack is pressed. In this work method, the ground is excavated by a drilling machine in the working chamber, the ground below the blade edge is excavated, and the hydraulic jack is gradually contracted while the caisson housing is gradually submerged while depositing the subsidence load on the hydraulic jack.

特開２０１２− ４６９０２号公報JP 2012-46902 A 特開２０１１−２５６６５２号公報JP 2011-2566652 A

しかしながら、上記従来のニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法では、前者の場合、油圧ジャッキが固定式で、天井スラブに固定されて、地盤に向けて垂下されるため、作業室内で掘削機械により地盤を掘削する際に、油圧ジャッキの下部を掘削するときに油圧ジャッキが障害になる、という問題がある。また、後者の場合、ケーソン躯体の天井スラブに油圧ジャッキが埋設されるため、天井スラブの構造上弱点となる欠損を作ることになって好ましくなく、また、油圧ジャッキに天井スラブからの長いストローク長が必要となり、大きな荷重を受けることが難しい、という問題がある。
また、いずれの方法の場合でも、油圧ジャッキに所定圧以上の荷重がかかったときの対処方法や、不陸のある地盤面への受圧方法が不明である、という問題がある。 However, in the conventional pneumatic caisson laying method described above, in the former case, the hydraulic jack is fixed, fixed to the ceiling slab, and suspended toward the ground, so the ground is excavated by a drilling machine in the work chamber. However, there is a problem that the hydraulic jack becomes an obstacle when excavating the lower portion of the hydraulic jack. In the latter case, since the hydraulic jack is embedded in the ceiling slab of the caisson housing, it is not preferable to create a defect that is a weak point in the structure of the ceiling slab, and the hydraulic jack has a long stroke length from the ceiling slab. Is necessary, and it is difficult to receive a large load.
Further, in any of the methods, there is a problem that a countermeasure method when a load of a predetermined pressure or more is applied to the hydraulic jack and a pressure receiving method to the ground surface with unevenness are unknown.

本発明は、上記従来の問題を解決するものであり、この種のニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法において、ケーソン躯体の作業室内で掘削機械により地盤を掘削する際に油圧ジャッキが障害にならないこと、また、油圧ジャッキを天井スラブへ取り付けるに当たり、天井スラブに欠損を作らないこと、天井スラブから長いストローク長が必要とならず、大きな荷重でも受けられること、油圧ジャッキに所定圧以上の荷重がかかっても、ケーソン躯体の緩やかな沈降を促すこと、不陸のある地盤面への受圧を可能とすること、を目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in this type of pneumatic caisson settling method, the hydraulic jack does not become an obstacle when excavating the ground with a drilling machine in the work chamber of the caisson housing, When attaching the hydraulic jack to the ceiling slab, make sure that the ceiling slab does not have any defects, that it does not require a long stroke length from the ceiling slab, and that it can receive a large load, even if a load exceeding the specified pressure is applied to the hydraulic jack The purpose is to promote the slow sinking of the caisson enclosure and to receive pressure on the ground with unevenness.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明のニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法は、ケーソン躯体の下部作業室内の天井スラブに油圧ジャッキをヒンジ機構を介して前記天井スラブ側から地盤に向けて伸長させる定位置と前記定位置から離れた退避位置との間を移動可能に取り付けて、ニューマチックケーソン工法により、前記ケーソン躯体を地盤に所定のストロークずつ圧入沈降させて所定の深さまで沈設する工程の中で、前記ケーソン躯体を沈降させるときは、前記油圧ジャッキを前記定位置で地盤に向けて伸長させ地盤に押し付けて前記ケーソン躯体を支持した状態から、前記油圧ジャッキを少しずつ縮めて前記ケーソン躯体を徐々に沈下させ、前記ケーソン躯体の作業室内で掘削機械により前記定位置の油圧ジャッキの下部の地盤を掘削するときは、前記油圧ジャッキを前記定位置から前記退避位置に移動して、当該油圧ジャッキの下部の地盤を掘削する、ことを要旨とする。
この方法では、油圧ジャッキを天井スラブにヒンジ機構を介して水平方向に回動可能に取り付けて、前記油圧ジャッキを定位置と前記定位置から水平方向に離れた退避位置との間をスライド式に移動させることが好ましい。また、この油圧ジャッキを天井スラブにヒンジ機構を介して垂直方向に回動可能に取り付けて、前記油圧ジャッキを定位置と前記定位置から垂直方向に離れた退避位置との間を折り畳み式に移動させるようにしてもよい。
この方法では、ヒンジ機構にモータ、油圧シリンダを含む動力源を備え、油圧ジャッキを前記動力源を用いて回動させることが好ましい。また、ヒンジ機構に動力源を備えず、油圧ジャッキを作業室内の掘削機械により回動させるようにしてもよい。
この方法では、油圧ジャッキに一定以上の荷重が載荷された場合に油圧がリリースされるリリーフ弁若しくは圧力調整弁付き油圧ジャッキを使用することが好ましい。
この方法では、油圧ジャッキの先端に支圧板を備え、前記支圧板は前記油圧ジャッキの先端に前記支圧板側又は前記油圧ジャッキ側の一方に備える球座と他方に備える前記球座に回転可能に嵌合可能な球体との結合により連結することが好ましい。 In order to achieve the above object, the pneumatic caisson settling method of the present invention is a fixed position in which a hydraulic jack is extended from the ceiling slab side to the ground via a hinge mechanism on the ceiling slab in the lower working chamber of the caisson housing. In a step of slidably attaching the caisson housing to the ground by a predetermined stroke by a predetermined stroke by a pneumatic caisson method, When sinking the caisson housing, the hydraulic jack is extended toward the ground at the fixed position and pressed against the ground to support the caisson housing, and then the hydraulic jack is gradually reduced to gradually reduce the caisson housing. Sink down and excavate the ground below the fixed-position hydraulic jack with a drilling machine in the work room of the caisson housing. Case, by moving the hydraulic jack to the retracted position from the home position, drilling bottom of the ground of the hydraulic jacks, and summarized in that.
In this method, a hydraulic jack is attached to a ceiling slab so as to be pivotable in a horizontal direction via a hinge mechanism, and the hydraulic jack is slid between a fixed position and a retracted position separated from the fixed position in the horizontal direction. It is preferable to move. The hydraulic jack is attached to the ceiling slab so as to be pivotable in the vertical direction via a hinge mechanism, and the hydraulic jack is moved in a folding manner between a fixed position and a retracted position away from the fixed position in the vertical direction. You may make it make it.
In this method, it is preferable that the hinge mechanism is provided with a power source including a motor and a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic jack is rotated using the power source. Moreover, the power source may not be provided in the hinge mechanism, and the hydraulic jack may be rotated by an excavating machine in the work chamber.
In this method, it is preferable to use a relief valve or a hydraulic jack with a pressure adjusting valve that releases hydraulic pressure when a certain load or more is loaded on the hydraulic jack.
In this method, a support plate is provided at the tip of a hydraulic jack, and the support plate is rotatable at a tip of the hydraulic jack at a ball seat provided on one side of the support plate or the hydraulic jack and on a ball seat provided on the other side. It is preferable to connect by coupling with a sphere that can be fitted.

本発明のニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法によれば、上記により、次のような本発明独自の格別な効果を奏する。
（１）ケーソン躯体の作業室内で掘削機械により地盤を掘削する際に、定位置の油圧ジャッキの下部の地盤を掘削するときは、油圧ジャッキを定位置から退避位置に移動して、当該油圧ジャッキの下部の地盤を掘削するので、ケーソン躯体の作業室内で掘削機械により地盤を掘削する際に、油圧ジャッキが障害にならない。
（２）ケーソン躯体の下部作業室内の天井スラブに油圧ジャッキをヒンジ機構を介して天井スラブ側から地盤に向けて伸長させる定位置とこの定位置から離れた退避位置との間を移動可能に取り付けるので、油圧ジャッキを天井スラブへ取り付けるに当たり、天井スラブに欠損を作ることがなく、また、天井スラブから長いストローク長が必要とならず、大きな荷重でも確実に受けることができる。
（３）ケーソン躯体を沈降させるときは、油圧ジャッキを定位置で地盤に向けて伸長させ地盤に押し付けてケーソン躯体を支持した状態から、油圧ジャッキを少しずつ縮めてケーソン躯体を徐々に沈下させるので、ケーソン躯体を緩やかに静的に沈降させることができる。また、この場合、油圧ジャッキにリリーフ弁若しくは圧力調整弁付きのものを採用することで、油圧ジャッキに所定圧以上の荷重がかかっても、ケーソン躯体の緩やかな沈降を促すことができる。
（４）油圧ジャッキの先端に支圧板を、支圧板側又は油圧ジャッキ側の一方に備える球座と他方に備える球体との結合により連結するので、支圧板の底面を任意の方向に向けることができ、不陸のある地盤面への受圧が可能である。 According to the pneumatic caisson laying method of the present invention, the following special effects unique to the present invention can be obtained as described above.
(1) When excavating the ground below the fixed-position hydraulic jack when excavating the ground in the work room of the caisson housing, the hydraulic jack is moved from the fixed position to the retracted position. Therefore, the hydraulic jack does not become an obstacle when excavating the ground with the excavating machine in the work chamber of the caisson housing.
(2) A hydraulic jack is attached to the ceiling slab in the lower working chamber of the caisson housing via a hinge mechanism so as to be movable between a fixed position and a retracted position away from the fixed position. Therefore, when the hydraulic jack is attached to the ceiling slab, the ceiling slab is not damaged, and a long stroke length is not required from the ceiling slab, so that a large load can be reliably received.
(3) When sinking the caisson housing, the hydraulic jack is extended toward the ground at a fixed position and pressed against the ground to support the caisson housing. The caisson housing can be gently and statically settled. Further, in this case, by adopting a hydraulic jack with a relief valve or a pressure adjusting valve, it is possible to promote a slow caisson settling even when a load exceeding a predetermined pressure is applied to the hydraulic jack.
(4) Since the bearing plate is connected to the tip of the hydraulic jack by coupling the ball seat provided on one side of the bearing plate or the hydraulic jack and the sphere provided on the other side, the bottom surface of the bearing plate can be directed in an arbitrary direction. It is possible to receive pressure on uneven ground.

本発明の第１の実施の形態によるニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法を要部を拡大して示す正面側から見た図The figure which looked from the front side which expanded the principal part and shows the sedimentation method of the pneumatic caisson by the 1st Embodiment of this invention 本発明の第２の実施の形態によるニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法を要部を拡大して示す正面側から見た図The figure which looked from the front side which expanded the principal part and shows the sedimentation method of the pneumatic caisson by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention 本発明の第３の実施の形態によるニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法を要部を拡大して示す正面側から見た図（（ａ）は油圧ジャッキを定位置に移動した状態を示す（ｂ）は油圧ジャッキを退避位置に移動した状態を示す）The figure which looked at the installation method of the pneumatic caisson by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention from the front side which expanded and showed the principal part ((a) shows the state which moved the hydraulic jack to the fixed position (b) is (Shows the state where the hydraulic jack is moved to the retracted position) 一般的なニューマチックケーソン工事を示す正面側から見た図View from the front showing general pneumatic caisson construction 同ニューマチックケーソン工事に適用する本発明が採用する油圧ジャッキのレイアウトを示す図The figure which shows the layout of the hydraulic jack which this invention applies to the same pneumatic caisson construction 同ニューマチックケーソン工事に適用する本発明のケーソン躯体の沈設方法の、特にケーソン躯体の下部の掘削作業を示す図The figure which shows the excavation work of the lower part of a caisson frame of the caisson frame installation method of the present invention applied to the pneumatic caisson construction 同ニューマチックケーソン工事に適用する本発明のケーソン躯体の沈設方法の、特にケーソン躯体の押し込み作業を示す図The figure which shows the pushing operation | work of the caisson housing especially of the caisson housing installation method of this invention applied to the same pneumatic caisson construction

次に、この発明を実施するための形態について図を用いて説明する。
図１に第１の実施の形態を示している。
図１に示すように、このニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法では、ケーソン躯体１の下部作業室１３内の天井スラブ１２に、油圧ジャッキ１００を、ヒンジ機構１１０を介して、天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させる所定の定位置Ｐ１とこの定位置Ｐ１から離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間を移動可能に取り付ける。この場合、油圧ジャッキ１００には一定以上の荷重が載荷された場合に油圧がリリースされる手動式又は自動式のリリーフ弁若しくは圧力調整弁付き油圧ジャッキを採用し、油圧ジャッキ１００の先端に支圧板１０１を取り付ける。また、この油圧ジャッキ１００は後述するように天井スラブ１２に直接取り付けないため、油圧ジャッキ１００の基端部側に天井スラブ１２を支持するための支持プレート１０２を併せて設けている。ヒンジ機構１１０は、作業室１３の天井スラブ１２に地盤Ｇに向けて略垂直に取付固定され、天井スラブ１２から天井スラブ１２と地盤Ｇとの間の中間所定の高さまで延びる柱状の取付ベース１１１と、この取付ベース１１１の外周面の下半部側の面に上下に対にして水平方向に突状に形成される軸受１１２と、油圧ジャッキ１００の周囲に装着される保持部材１１３と、この保持部材１１３の外面に略垂直方向に向けて略筒状に形成され、取付ベース１１１の軸受１１２に嵌合される軸挿通部１１４と、取付ベース１１１の軸受１１２と保持部材１１３の軸挿通部１１４とを連結するための軸（ヒンジ軸）１１５とにより構成し、取付ベース１１１を天井スラブ１２に油圧ジャッキ１００の定位置Ｐ１に近接して、また、下半部側の軸受１１２を油圧ジャッキ１００の定位置Ｐ１に対向させて設置固定し、油圧ジャッキ１００に保持部材１１３を装着してこの保持部材１１３の軸挿通部１１４を取付ベース１１１の軸受１１２に軸１１５により取り付ける。そして、ヒンジ機構１１０にモータ又は油圧シリンダなどの動力源（図示省略）を備え、この動力源を用いて保持部材１１３を軸１１５の回りで回転駆動させる形式にして、このヒンジ機構１１０により、油圧ジャッキ１００を軸１１５の回りで回動させて定位置Ｐ１とこの定位置Ｐ１から水平方向に離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間をスライド式に移動させるようにする。なお、油圧ジャッキ１００を伸縮動作させる油圧ジャッキ１００の操作及びヒンジ機構１１０を駆動するヒンジ機構１１０の操作は地上の操作室で遠隔操作により行う。
このようにしてニューマチックケーソン工法により、ケーソン躯体１を地盤Ｇに所定のストロークずつ圧入沈降させて所定の深さまで沈設する工程の中で、ケーソン躯体１を沈降させるときは、油圧ジャッキ１００の定位置Ｐ１で油圧ジャッキ１００の基端部の支持プレート１０２を天井スラブ１２に当接させて、油圧ジャッキ１００を天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させ地盤Ｇに押し付けてケーソン躯体１を支持し、この状態から、油圧ジャッキ１００を少しずつ縮めてケーソン躯体１を徐々に沈下させる。この場合に、油圧ジャッキ１００に一定以上の荷重が載荷されたときは、油圧ジャッキ１００の油圧を手動又は自動により徐々にリリースすることで、ケーソン躯体１を緩やかに沈降させる。そして、ケーソン躯体１の作業室１３内で掘削機械により地盤Ｇを掘削する際に、定位置Ｐ１の油圧ジャッキ１００の下部の地盤Ｇを掘削するときは、油圧ジャッキ１００を定位置Ｐ１から退避位置Ｐ２にスライド移動して、当該油圧ジャッキ１００下部の地盤Ｇを掘削する。 Next, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, in this pneumatic caisson laying method, a hydraulic jack 100 is placed on the ceiling slab 12 in the lower working chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1 from the ceiling slab 12 side via the hinge mechanism 110. It is attached so as to be movable between a predetermined fixed position P1 to be extended toward the retracted position P2 away from the fixed position P1. In this case, the hydraulic jack 100 employs a manual or automatic relief valve or a hydraulic jack with a pressure regulating valve that releases hydraulic pressure when a certain load or more is loaded, and a support plate is provided at the tip of the hydraulic jack 100. 101 is attached. Since the hydraulic jack 100 is not directly attached to the ceiling slab 12 as will be described later, a support plate 102 for supporting the ceiling slab 12 is also provided on the base end side of the hydraulic jack 100. The hinge mechanism 110 is attached and fixed to the ceiling slab 12 of the work chamber 13 substantially vertically toward the ground G, and extends from the ceiling slab 12 to a predetermined height in the middle between the ceiling slab 12 and the ground G. A bearing 112 formed in a projecting manner in the horizontal direction on the lower half of the outer peripheral surface of the mounting base 111, and a holding member 113 mounted around the hydraulic jack 100, A shaft insertion portion 114 that is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape on the outer surface of the holding member 113 and is fitted to the bearing 112 of the mounting base 111, and the shaft insertion portion of the bearing 112 of the mounting base 111 and the holding member 113. 114 is connected to the ceiling slab 12 close to the fixed position P1 of the hydraulic jack 100 and the bearing 1 on the lower half side. 2 is opposed to a fixed position P1 of the hydraulic jack 100 placed and fixed, by mounting the holding member 113 to the hydraulic jack 100 attached by a shaft 115 of the shaft passage portion 114 to the bearing 112 of the mounting base 111 of the holding member 113. The hinge mechanism 110 is provided with a power source (not shown) such as a motor or a hydraulic cylinder, and the holding member 113 is driven to rotate around the shaft 115 by using this power source. The jack 100 is rotated around the shaft 115 so as to be slidably moved between a fixed position P1 and a retracted position P2 that is separated from the fixed position P1 in the horizontal direction. Note that the operation of the hydraulic jack 100 for extending and contracting the hydraulic jack 100 and the operation of the hinge mechanism 110 for driving the hinge mechanism 110 are performed by remote operation in an operation room on the ground.
In this way, when the caisson housing 1 is submerged to a predetermined depth by pressing and sinking the caisson housing 1 to the ground G by a predetermined stroke by the pneumatic caisson method, the hydraulic jack 100 is fixed. The support plate 102 at the base end of the hydraulic jack 100 is brought into contact with the ceiling slab 12 at the position P1, and the hydraulic jack 100 is extended from the ceiling slab 12 side toward the ground G and pressed against the ground G to support the caisson housing 1. Then, from this state, the hydraulic jack 100 is contracted little by little to gradually sink the caisson housing 1. In this case, when a certain load or more is loaded on the hydraulic jack 100, the caisson housing 1 is slowly settled by gradually releasing the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic jack 100 manually or automatically. When excavating the ground G with the excavating machine in the work chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1, when excavating the ground G below the hydraulic jack 100 at the fixed position P1, the hydraulic jack 100 is moved away from the fixed position P1. By sliding to P2, the ground G under the hydraulic jack 100 is excavated.

図２に第２の実施の形態を示している。
図２に示すように、このニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法では、ケーソン躯体１の下部作業室１３内の天井スラブ１２に、油圧ジャッキ２００を、ヒンジ機構２１０を介して、天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させる所定の定位置Ｐ１とこの定位置Ｐ１から離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間を移動可能に取り付ける。この場合、油圧ジャッキ２００には一定以上の荷重が載荷された場合に油圧がリリースされる手動式又は自動式のリリーフ弁若しくは圧力調整弁付き油圧ジャッキを採用し、油圧ジャッキ２００の先端に支圧板２０１を取り付ける。また、この油圧ジャッキ２００は後述するように天井スラブ１２に直接取り付けないため、油圧ジャッキ２００の基端部側に天井スラブ１２を後述する取付ベース２１１を介して支持するための支持ブロック２０２を併せて設けている。ヒンジ機構２１０は、作業室１３の天井スラブ１２に取付固定され、天井スラブ１２から所定の厚さで突出される平板状の取付ベース２１１と、この取付ベース２１１の一側面に前後に対にして水平方向に突状にかつ取付ベース２１１の下面よりも下方へ少し延びる縦長に形成される軸受２１２と、油圧ジャッキ２００の周囲に装着される保持部材２１３と、この保持部材２１３の外面の上部に略水平方向に向けて略筒状に形成され、取付ベース２１１の軸受２１２に嵌合される軸挿通部２１４と、取付ベース２１１の軸受２１２と保持部材２１３の軸挿通部２１４とを連結するための軸（ヒンジ軸）２１５とにより構成し、取付ベース２１１を天井スラブ１２に油圧ジャッキ２００の定位置Ｐ１で設置固定し、油圧ジャッキ２００に保持部材２１３を装着してこの保持部材２１３の軸挿通部２１４を取付ベース２１１の軸受２１２に軸２１５により取り付ける。そして、ヒンジ機構２１０にモータ又は油圧シリンダなどの動力源（図示省略）を備え、この動力源を用いて保持部材２１３を軸２１５の回りで回転駆動させる形式にして、このヒンジ機構２１０により、油圧ジャッキ２００を軸２１５の回りで回動させて定位置Ｐ１とこの定位置Ｐ１から垂直方向に離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間を折り畳み式に移動させるようにする。なお、油圧ジャッキ２００を伸縮動作させる油圧ジャッキ２００の操作及びヒンジ機構２１０を駆動するヒンジ機構２１０の操作は地上の操作室で遠隔操作により行う。
このようにしてニューマチックケーソン工法により、ケーソン躯体１を地盤Ｇに所定のストロークずつ圧入沈降させて所定の深さまで沈設する工程の中で、ケーソン躯体１を沈降させるときは、油圧ジャッキ２００の定位置Ｐ１で油圧ジャッキ２００の基端部の支持ブロック２０２を天井スラブ１２に取付固定された取付ベース２１１に当接させて、油圧ジャッキ２００を天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させ地盤Ｇに押し付けてケーソン躯体１を支持し、この状態から、油圧ジャッキ２００を少しずつ縮めてケーソン躯体１を徐々に沈下させる。この場合に、油圧ジャッキ２００に一定以上の荷重が載荷されたときは、油圧ジャッキ２００の油圧を手動又は自動により徐々にリリースすることで、ケーソン躯体１を緩やかに沈降させる。そして、ケーソン躯体１の作業室１３内で掘削機械により地盤Ｇを掘削する際に、定位置Ｐ１の油圧ジャッキ２００の下部の地盤Ｇを掘削するときは、油圧ジャッキ２００を定位置Ｐ１から退避位置Ｐ２に折り畳み移動して、当該油圧ジャッキ２００下部の地盤Ｇを掘削する。 FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, in this pneumatic caisson laying method, a hydraulic jack 200 is attached to the ceiling slab 12 in the lower working chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1 from the ceiling slab 12 side via the hinge mechanism 210. It is attached so as to be movable between a predetermined fixed position P1 to be extended toward the retracted position P2 away from the fixed position P1. In this case, the hydraulic jack 200 employs a manual or automatic relief valve or a hydraulic jack with a pressure regulating valve that releases hydraulic pressure when a certain load or more is loaded. 201 is attached. Further, since the hydraulic jack 200 is not directly attached to the ceiling slab 12 as will be described later, a support block 202 for supporting the ceiling slab 12 via an attachment base 211 to be described later is also provided on the base end side of the hydraulic jack 200. Provided. The hinge mechanism 210 is attached and fixed to the ceiling slab 12 of the working chamber 13, and has a flat plate-like mounting base 211 protruding from the ceiling slab 12 with a predetermined thickness, and a pair of side surfaces of the mounting base 211 in front and rear. A bearing 212 formed in a projecting shape in the horizontal direction and extending slightly downward from the lower surface of the mounting base 211, a holding member 213 mounted around the hydraulic jack 200, and an upper portion of the outer surface of the holding member 213 A shaft insertion portion 214 that is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape toward the substantially horizontal direction and is fitted to the bearing 212 of the mounting base 211, and the bearing 212 of the mounting base 211 and the shaft insertion portion 214 of the holding member 213 are connected. The mounting base 211 is installed and fixed to the ceiling slab 12 at a fixed position P1 of the hydraulic jack 200, and the holding portion is attached to the hydraulic jack 200. 213 wearing the attached by a shaft 215 of the shaft passage portion 214 of the holding member 213 to the bearing 212 of the mounting base 211. The hinge mechanism 210 is provided with a power source (not shown) such as a motor or a hydraulic cylinder, and the holding member 213 is rotated around the shaft 215 using the power source. The jack 200 is rotated around the shaft 215 so as to be moved in a foldable manner between the fixed position P1 and the retracted position P2 separated from the fixed position P1 in the vertical direction. The operation of the hydraulic jack 200 that causes the hydraulic jack 200 to extend and contract and the operation of the hinge mechanism 210 that drives the hinge mechanism 210 are performed by remote operation in an operation room on the ground.
In this way, when the caisson housing 1 is submerged to a predetermined depth by pressing and sinking the caisson housing 1 to the ground G by a predetermined stroke by the pneumatic caisson method, the hydraulic jack 200 is fixed. At the position P1, the support block 202 at the base end of the hydraulic jack 200 is brought into contact with the mounting base 211 mounted and fixed to the ceiling slab 12, and the hydraulic jack 200 is extended toward the ground G from the ceiling slab 12 side. The caisson housing 1 is supported by pressing it, and from this state, the hydraulic jack 200 is gradually reduced to gradually sink the caisson housing 1. In this case, when a certain load or more is loaded on the hydraulic jack 200, the caisson housing 1 is slowly settled by gradually releasing the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic jack 200 manually or automatically. When excavating the ground G by the excavating machine in the work chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1, when excavating the ground G below the hydraulic jack 200 at the fixed position P1, the hydraulic jack 200 is retracted from the fixed position P1. Fold to P2 and move to excavate the ground G below the hydraulic jack 200.

図３に第３の実施の形態を示している。
図３に示すように、このニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法では、ケーソン躯体１の下部作業室１３内の天井スラブ１２に、油圧ジャッキ３００を、ヒンジ機構３１０を介して、天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させる所定の定位置Ｐ１とこの定位置Ｐ１から離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間を移動可能に取り付ける。この場合、油圧ジャッキ３００には一定以上の荷重が載荷された場合に油圧がリリースされる手動式又は自動式のリリーフ弁若しくは圧力調整弁付き油圧ジャッキを採用し、油圧ジャッキ３００の先端に支圧板３０１を取り付ける。この支圧板３０１は油圧ジャッキ３００の先端に支圧板３０１側又は油圧ジャッキ３００側の一方に備える球座３０３と他方に備える球座３０３に回転可能に嵌合可能な球体３０４との結合により連結する。また、この油圧ジャッキ３００は後述するように天井スラブ１２に直接取り付けないため、油圧ジャッキ３００の基端部側に天井スラブ１２を後述する取付ベース３１１を介して支持するための支持プレート３０２を併せて設けている。なお、この場合、取付ベース３１１の下面に凹部３１６を有し、支持プレート３０２の上面に凸部３１７を有し、取付ベース３１１（の下面）と支持プレート３０２（の上面）とを凹部３１６と凸部３１７を係合させて当接可能にしている。ヒンジ機構３１０は、作業室１３の天井スラブ１２に地盤Ｇに向けて略垂直に取付固定され、天井スラブ１２から天井スラブ１２と地盤Ｇとの間の中間所定の高さまで延びる柱状の取付ベース３１１と、この取付ベース３１１の外周面の下半部側の面に前後に対にして水平方向に突状に形成される軸受３１２と、油圧ジャッキ３００の周囲に装着される保持部材として支持プレート３０２の縁部に接合されて下方斜めに延びるレバー３１３と、このレバー３１３の支持プレート３０２側の一端に略水平方向に向けて略筒状に形成され、取付ベース３１１の軸受３１２に嵌合される軸挿通部３１４と、取付ベース３１１の軸受３１２とレバー３１３の軸挿通部３１４とを連結するための軸（ヒンジ軸）３１５とにより構成し、取付ベース３１１を天井スラブ１２に油圧ジャッキ３００の定位置Ｐ１で設置固定し、油圧ジャッキ３００のレバー３１３の軸挿通部３１４を取付ベース３１１の軸受３１２に軸３１５により取り付ける。そして、ヒンジ機構３１０にモータ又は油圧シリンダなどの動力源を備えて、この場合は油圧シリンダ３１８を用い、油圧シリンダ３１８の基端部を天井スラブ１２に取付ベース１１１に近接して枢着し、この油圧シリンダ３１８の作動ロッド先端を油圧ジャッキ３００のレバー３１３の他端部に枢着して、レバー３１３を軸３１５の回りで回転駆動させる形式にして、このヒンジ機構３１０により、油圧ジャッキ３００を軸３１５の回りで回動させて定位置Ｐ１とこの定位置Ｐ１から垂直方向に離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間を折り畳み式に移動させるようにする。なお、油圧ジャッキ３００を伸縮動作させる油圧ジャッキ３００の操作及びヒンジ機構３１０を駆動するヒンジ機構３１０の操作は地上の操作室で遠隔操作により行う。
このようにしてニューマチックケーソン工法により、ケーソン躯体１を地盤Ｇに所定のストロークずつ圧入沈降させて所定の深さまで沈設する工程の中で、ケーソン躯体１を沈降させるときは、図４（ａ）に示すように、油圧ジャッキ３００の定位置Ｐ１で油圧ジャッキ３００の基端部の支持プレート３０２を天井スラブ１２に取付固定された取付ベース３１１に当接させ両者間の凹部３１６と凸部３１７とを係合させて、この油圧ジャッキ３００を天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させ地盤Ｇに押し付けてケーソン躯体１を支持し、この状態から、油圧ジャッキ３００を少しずつ縮めてケーソン躯体１を徐々に沈下させる。この場合に、油圧ジャッキ３００に一定以上の荷重が載荷されたときは、油圧ジャッキ３００の油圧を手動又は自動により徐々にリリースすることで、ケーソン躯体１を緩やかに沈降させる。また、この場合、油圧ジャッキ３００の先端に支圧板３０１を支圧板３０１側又は油圧ジャッキ３００側の一方に備える球座３０３と他方に備える球体３０４との結合により連結するので、支圧板３０１の底面を任意の方向に向けることができ、不陸のある地盤面への受圧が可能である。そして、ケーソン躯体１の作業室１３内で掘削機械により地盤Ｇを掘削する際に、定位置Ｐ１の油圧ジャッキ３００の下部の地盤Ｇを掘削するときは、油圧ジャッキ３００を定位置Ｐ１から退避位置Ｐ２に折り畳み移動して、当該油圧ジャッキ３００下部の地盤Ｇを掘削する。 FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, in this pneumatic caisson laying method, a hydraulic jack 300 is attached to the ceiling slab 12 in the lower working chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1 from the ceiling slab 12 side via the hinge mechanism 310. It is attached so as to be movable between a predetermined fixed position P1 to be extended toward the retracted position P2 away from the fixed position P1. In this case, the hydraulic jack 300 employs a manual or automatic relief valve or a hydraulic jack with a pressure regulating valve that releases hydraulic pressure when a certain load or more is loaded, and a supporting plate is attached to the tip of the hydraulic jack 300. 301 is attached. The bearing plate 301 is connected to the tip of the hydraulic jack 300 by coupling a ball seat 303 provided on one of the bearing plate 301 side or the hydraulic jack 300 side and a sphere 304 that can be rotatably fitted to the ball seat 303 provided on the other side. . Further, since the hydraulic jack 300 is not directly attached to the ceiling slab 12 as will be described later, a support plate 302 for supporting the ceiling slab 12 via an attachment base 311 to be described later is also attached to the base end side of the hydraulic jack 300. Provided. In this case, a concave portion 316 is provided on the lower surface of the mounting base 311, a convex portion 317 is provided on the upper surface of the support plate 302, and the mounting base 311 (the lower surface thereof) and the support plate 302 (the upper surface thereof) are connected to the concave portion 316. The protrusions 317 are engaged so that they can be contacted. The hinge mechanism 310 is attached and fixed to the ceiling slab 12 of the work chamber 13 substantially vertically toward the ground G, and extends from the ceiling slab 12 to a predetermined height in the middle between the ceiling slab 12 and the ground G. A bearing 312 that protrudes in the horizontal direction on the lower half side surface of the outer peripheral surface of the mounting base 311 and a support plate 302 as a holding member that is mounted around the hydraulic jack 300. A lever 313 that is joined to the edge portion of the lever 313 and extends obliquely downward, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape at one end on the support plate 302 side of the lever 313 in a substantially horizontal direction, and is fitted to the bearing 312 of the mounting base 311. The mounting base 311 includes a shaft insertion portion 314, a shaft (hinge shaft) 315 for connecting the bearing 312 of the mounting base 311 and the shaft insertion portion 314 of the lever 313. Installed fixed in position P1 of the hydraulic jack 300 to the ceiling slab 12, the shaft insertion portion 314 of the lever 313 of the hydraulic jack 300 to the bearing 312 of the mounting base 311 attached by a shaft 315. The hinge mechanism 310 is provided with a power source such as a motor or a hydraulic cylinder. In this case, the hydraulic cylinder 318 is used, and the base end of the hydraulic cylinder 318 is pivotally attached to the ceiling slab 12 close to the mounting base 111, The end of the operating rod of the hydraulic cylinder 318 is pivotally attached to the other end of the lever 313 of the hydraulic jack 300, and the lever 313 is driven to rotate around the shaft 315. It is rotated around the shaft 315 so as to be moved in a foldable manner between the fixed position P1 and the retracted position P2 that is separated from the fixed position P1 in the vertical direction. The operation of the hydraulic jack 300 for extending and contracting the hydraulic jack 300 and the operation of the hinge mechanism 310 for driving the hinge mechanism 310 are performed by remote operation in an operation room on the ground.
When the caisson body 1 is submerged in the step of pressing and sinking the caisson body 1 to the ground G by a predetermined stroke by the pneumatic caisson method in this way and setting it to a predetermined depth, FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the support plate 302 at the base end portion of the hydraulic jack 300 is brought into contact with the mounting base 311 fixed to the ceiling slab 12 at the fixed position P1 of the hydraulic jack 300, and the concave portion 316 and the convex portion 317 between them. The hydraulic jack 300 is extended from the ceiling slab 12 side toward the ground G and is pressed against the ground G to support the caisson housing 1. From this state, the hydraulic jack 300 is gradually contracted to reduce the caisson housing 1 Slowly sink. In this case, when a certain load or more is loaded on the hydraulic jack 300, the caisson housing 1 is slowly settled by gradually releasing the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic jack 300 manually or automatically. Further, in this case, since the support plate 301 is connected to the tip of the hydraulic jack 300 by coupling the ball seat 303 provided on one side of the support plate 301 or the hydraulic jack 300 and the sphere 304 provided on the other side, the bottom surface of the support plate 301 is provided. Can be directed in any direction, and pressure can be received on the uneven ground surface. When excavating the ground G by the excavating machine in the work chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1, when excavating the ground G below the hydraulic jack 300 at the fixed position P1, the hydraulic jack 300 is retracted from the fixed position P1. It folds and moves to P2, and excavates the ground G below the hydraulic jack 300.

図４乃至図７に一般のニューマチックケーソン工事に適用する本発明のニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法の具体例を示している。
図４に示すように、ニューマチックケーソン工事では、ケーソン躯体１は、上下方向に矩形の側壁１０が形成されて、この側壁１０の下端に刃口１１が形成され、また、この側壁１０の内部の下部側に天井スラブ１２が形成されてその下方の刃口１１の内部に作業室１３が設けられる。このケーソン躯体１内に、気圧調整及び土砂の搬出に使用するマテリアルシャフト１４及びマテリアルロック１５、作業員の昇降に使用するマンシャフト１６及びマンロック１７など、地上側にケーソン躯体１を構築するのに使用するクローラクレーン１８、土砂を搬出するのに使用するスケータークレーン１９など、地下側になる下部の作業室１３内に、ケーソン躯体１下部の地盤を掘削するのに使用する天井走行式の掘削機械２０など、ケーソン躯体１の各部にそれぞれ、各種の設備が配置される。 FIG. 4 to FIG. 7 show specific examples of the pneumatic caisson deposition method of the present invention applied to general pneumatic caisson work.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the pneumatic caisson construction, the caisson housing 1 has a rectangular side wall 10 formed in the vertical direction, a blade edge 11 formed at the lower end of the side wall 10, and the inside of the side wall 10. A ceiling slab 12 is formed on the lower side of the slab, and a working chamber 13 is provided inside the blade edge 11 below. In the caisson housing 1, the caisson housing 1 is constructed on the ground side, such as the material shaft 14 and the material lock 15 used for adjusting the pressure and carrying out the earth and sand, the man shaft 16 and the manlock 17 used for raising and lowering the worker. The crawler crane 18 used for the excavation, the skater crane 19 used for carrying out the earth and sand, and the overhead traveling excavation used for excavating the ground below the caisson housing 1 in the lower working chamber 13 on the underground side. Various facilities are arranged in each part of the caisson housing 1 such as the machine 20.

そして、図５に示すように、このケーソン躯体１の上部全周縁に複数のケーソン押し込み用の油圧ジャッキＪ１を均等に設置し、下部天井スラブ１２の全周縁に複数のケーソン受け用の油圧ジャッキＪ２（既述の油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００）を均等に設置する。この場合、ケーソン躯体１の下部天井スラブ１２の全周縁は、図５に示すように、４方向の各縁部を２つのブロックに分けて、全体として８ブロックに区分し、ケーソン受け用の油圧ジャッキＪ２を各ブロックに同数ずつ均等に設置する。また、ブロック毎に比例リリーフ弁を設置し、さらに、ストローク計、圧力検出器、傾斜計などを設置する。各ブロックの油圧ジャッキＪ２は同じ油圧ユニットで制御し、油圧ジャッキＪ２毎に伸縮動作を可能にする。
このようにしてこのケーソン躯体１下部の作業室１３に圧縮空気を送り込み、水の浸入を防ぎつつ地盤の掘削作業を行い、ケーソン躯体１を地盤に所定のストロークずつ圧入沈降させて、所定の深さまで沈設する。 Then, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of caisson pushing hydraulic jacks J1 are evenly installed on the entire upper peripheral edge of the caisson housing 1, and a plurality of caisson receiving hydraulic jacks J2 are disposed on the entire peripheral edge of the lower ceiling slab 12. (The above-described hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300) are installed equally. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the entire periphery of the lower ceiling slab 12 of the caisson housing 1 is divided into 8 blocks as a whole by dividing each edge in 4 directions into 2 blocks. Install the same number of jacks J2 on each block equally. A proportional relief valve is installed for each block, and a stroke meter, pressure detector, inclinometer, etc. are installed. The hydraulic jacks J2 of each block are controlled by the same hydraulic unit, and can be expanded and contracted for each hydraulic jack J2.
In this way, compressed air is sent into the work chamber 13 below the caisson housing 1 to perform excavation work of the ground while preventing water from entering, and the caisson housing 1 is pressed into the ground by a predetermined stroke to set a predetermined depth. Sink down.

図６にこのケーソン躯体下部の掘削作業を示している。
図６において、このケーソン躯体１下部の掘削作業の開始時点では、ケーソン躯体１は刃口及び揚圧力と周面摩擦で現状を維持し、下降しない状態にある。なお、この時点で各油圧ジャッキＪ２は定位置に配置し、地盤に向けて伸長した状態になっている。傾斜計によりケーソン躯体１の傾きが無いことを確認して、作業室内で掘削機械２０によりケーソン躯体１の下部の掘削を開始する。この場合、まず、掘削機械２０を駆動して、各ブロックの各油圧ジャッキＪ２の下部を除く各油圧ジャッキＪ２の周辺を掘削する。全油圧ジャッキＪ２周辺の地盤の掘削の完了が近づいた時点で、各ブロックで予め定めた最初の油圧ジャッキＪ２を「縮」動作させ、この油圧ジャッキＪ２の退避準備を行う。全油圧ジャッキＪ２周辺の掘削が完了した時点で、各ブロックの最初の油圧ジャッキＪ２を定位置からスライド式又は折り畳み式の移動により退避位置へ移動し、当該油圧ジャッキＪ２の定位置の下部を掘削可能状態にする。当該油圧ジャッキＪ２が退避位置に移動した後、当該油圧ジャッキＪ２の定位置の下部を掘削する。当該油圧ジャッキＪ２の定位置の下部の掘削完了後、退避位置の当該油圧ジャッキＪ２を元の定位置へ移動する。当該油圧ジャッキＪ２の定位置への移動後、当該油圧ジャッキＪ２の「伸」動作を行い、切羽に油圧ジャッキＪ２を押し付けて、「伸」動作を停止する。続いて、各ブロックの予め定めた次の油圧ジャッキＪ２について同じ要領で実施し、次の油圧ジャッキＪ２下部の掘削と当該油圧ジャッキＪ２の「伸」動作を行う。すべてのブロックの油圧ジャッキＪ２下部の地盤の掘削と各油圧ジャッキＪ２の張り出しを完了して、ケーソン躯体１の押し込み作業へ移行する。 FIG. 6 shows excavation work under the caisson housing.
In FIG. 6, at the time of starting the excavation work of the lower part of the caisson housing 1, the caisson housing 1 maintains the current state by the blade edge, the lifting pressure, and the peripheral surface friction, and is not lowered. At this point, each hydraulic jack J2 is placed at a fixed position and is extended toward the ground. After confirming that the caisson housing 1 is not tilted by the inclinometer, excavation of the lower part of the caisson housing 1 is started by the excavating machine 20 in the working chamber. In this case, first, the excavating machine 20 is driven to excavate the periphery of each hydraulic jack J2 excluding the lower portion of each hydraulic jack J2 of each block. When the completion of excavation of the ground around all the hydraulic jacks J2 is approaching, the first hydraulic jack J2 predetermined in each block is “shrinked” to prepare for retraction of the hydraulic jack J2. When excavation around all hydraulic jacks J2 is completed, the first hydraulic jack J2 of each block is moved from the fixed position to the retracted position by sliding or folding movement, and the lower part of the fixed position of the hydraulic jack J2 is excavated. Make it possible. After the hydraulic jack J2 moves to the retracted position, the lower part of the fixed position of the hydraulic jack J2 is excavated. After completion of excavation of the lower part of the fixed position of the hydraulic jack J2, the hydraulic jack J2 in the retracted position is moved to the original fixed position. After the hydraulic jack J2 is moved to a fixed position, the hydraulic jack J2 is “stretched” and the hydraulic jack J2 is pressed against the face to stop the “stretching” operation. Subsequently, the same operation is performed for the next hydraulic jack J2 determined in advance in each block, and the excavation of the lower portion of the next hydraulic jack J2 and the “extension” operation of the hydraulic jack J2 are performed. The excavation of the ground below the hydraulic jacks J2 of all the blocks and the extension of each hydraulic jack J2 are completed, and the operation shifts to the caisson housing 1 pushing operation.

図７にこのケーソン躯体の押し込み作業を示している。
図７において、ケーソン躯体１の押し込み作業は、ケーソン躯体１上部のケーソン押し込み用の各油圧ジャッキＪ１をスイッチ「ＯＮ」して、開始する。なお、このときに、ケーソン躯体１の各位置の傾斜計値を記憶する。押し込み用の各油圧ジャッキＪ１の「押」動作により、ケーソン躯体１を押圧する。このとき、傾斜計によりケーソン躯体１の傾きを監視する。続いて、このケーソン押し込み用の各油圧ジャッキＪ１の「押」動作と連動してケーソン受け用の油圧ジャッキＪ２のリリーフ圧力を（手動ボリューム又は自動により）徐々に下げていき、ケーソン躯体１を徐々に下降（沈下）する。なお、ケーソン躯体１を押下し所定のストローク（この場合、約２０ｃｍ）下降するまでの間に各計測器により異常を検出した場合は、インターロックが作動する。例えば、ケーソン受け用の油圧ジャッキＪ２のリリーフ圧が一気に下がった場合、ケーソン押し込み用の油圧ジャッキＪ１の「押」動作を停止する。また、傾斜計が許容値以上に傾いた場合は、下がりが早い方のケーソン押し込み用の油圧ジャッキＪ１の「押」動作を停止する。そして、下がりが早い方のジャッキリリーフ圧を調整する。傾斜計値が許容範囲に入れば、停止中のケーソン押し込み用の油圧ジャッキＪ１の「押」動作を再開し、ケーソン躯体１を押圧する。このようにしてケーソン躯体１が所定のストローク（この場合、約２０ｃｍ）まで下降した時点で、ケーソン押し込み用の油圧ジャッキＪ１の「押」動作を停止し、ケーソン受け用の油圧ジャッキＪ２のリリーフ圧の変化指令を停止する。これによりケーソン躯体１の刃口が切羽に食い込んだ状態になり、ケーソン躯体１の所定のストロークの沈下を完了する。そして、このケーソン躯体１を所定の深さに沈設するまで、ケーソン載せ作業を行い、既述のケーソン躯体１の下部の掘削作業及びケーソン躯体１の押し込み作業を繰り返し、このケーソン躯体１を所定の深さまで沈設した時点ですべてが完了し、作業を終了する。 FIG. 7 shows the pushing operation of the caisson housing.
In FIG. 7, the pushing operation of the caisson housing 1 is started by turning on each hydraulic jack J1 for pushing the caisson on the upper portion of the caisson housing 1. At this time, the inclinometer value at each position of the caisson housing 1 is stored. The caisson housing 1 is pressed by the “pushing” operation of each hydraulic jack J1 for pushing. At this time, the inclination of the caisson housing 1 is monitored by an inclinometer. Subsequently, the relief pressure of the hydraulic jack J2 for receiving the caisson is gradually lowered (by manual volume or automatically) in conjunction with the "pushing" operation of each hydraulic jack J1 for pushing the caisson, and the caisson housing 1 is gradually lowered. Descends (sinks). When an abnormality is detected by each measuring instrument between the time when the caisson housing 1 is pressed and the predetermined stroke (in this case, about 20 cm) is lowered, the interlock is activated. For example, when the relief pressure of the hydraulic jack J2 for receiving the caisson drops at once, the “push” operation of the hydraulic jack J1 for pushing the caisson is stopped. Further, when the inclinometer is tilted more than the allowable value, the “push” operation of the hydraulic jack J1 for pushing the caisson with the earlier drop is stopped. Then, adjust the jack relief pressure of the faster drop. When the inclinometer value falls within the allowable range, the “pushing” operation of the hydraulic jack J1 for pushing the caisson while stopped is resumed and the caisson housing 1 is pushed. When the caisson housing 1 is lowered to a predetermined stroke (about 20 cm in this case), the “push” operation of the caisson pushing hydraulic jack J1 is stopped, and the relief pressure of the caisson receiving hydraulic jack J2 is stopped. Stop the change command. As a result, the blade edge of the caisson housing 1 is bitten into the face, and the sinking of the predetermined stroke of the caisson housing 1 is completed. Then, until the caisson housing 1 is set to a predetermined depth, the caisson mounting work is performed, the excavation work of the lower part of the caisson housing 1 and the pushing operation of the caisson housing 1 are repeated, and the caisson housing 1 is When it is set to the depth, everything is completed and the work is finished.

以上説明したように、このニューマチックケーソンの沈設方法によれば、ケーソン躯体１の作業室１３内で掘削機械２０により地盤Ｇを掘削する際に、定位置Ｐ１の油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００の下部の地盤Ｇを掘削するときは、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００を定位置Ｐ１から退避位置Ｐ２にスライド式又は折り畳み式にして移動し、当該油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００の下部の地盤Ｇを掘削するので、ケーソン躯体１の作業室１３内で掘削機械２０により地盤Ｇを掘削する際に、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００が障害にならない。
また、ケーソン躯体１の下部作業室１３内の天井スラブ１２に、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００をそれぞれ、ヒンジ機構１１０、２１０、３１０を介して、天井スラブ１２側から地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させる定位置Ｐ１と定位置Ｐ１から水平方向又は垂直方向に離れた退避位置Ｐ２との間を移動可能に取り付けるので、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００を天井スラブ１２へ取り付けるに当たり、天井スラブ１２に欠損を作ることがなく、また、天井スラブ１２から長いストローク長が必要とならず、大きな荷重でも受けることができる。
さらに、ケーソン躯体１を沈降させるときは、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００を定位置Ｐ１で地盤Ｇに向けて伸長させ地盤Ｇに押し付けてケーソン躯体１を支持した状態から、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００を少しずつ縮めてケーソン躯体１を徐々に沈下させるので、ケーソン躯体１を緩やかに静的に沈降させることができる。また、この場合、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００にリリーフ弁若しくは圧力調整弁付きのものを使用したので、油圧ジャッキ１００、２００、３００に所定圧以上の荷重がかかっても、ケーソン躯体１の緩やかな沈降を促すことができる。
またさらに、油圧ジャッキ３００の先端に支圧板３０１を備え、この支圧板３０１を油圧ジャッキ３００の先端に支圧板３０１側又は油圧ジャッキ３００側の一方に備える球座３０３と他方に備える球体３０４との結合により連結するので、支圧板３０１の底面を任意の方向に向けることができ、不陸のある地盤面への受圧が可能である。 As described above, according to this pneumatic caisson laying method, when excavating the ground G by the excavating machine 20 in the working chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1, the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300 at the fixed position P1 are excavated. When excavating the lower ground G, the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300 are moved from the fixed position P1 to the retracted position P2 by sliding or folding, and the lower ground G of the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300 is moved. Since excavation is performed, when the ground G is excavated by the excavating machine 20 in the work chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1, the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, and 300 do not become an obstacle.
Further, hydraulic jacks 100, 200, and 300 are extended from the ceiling slab 12 side to the ground G through the hinge mechanisms 110, 210, and 310, respectively, on the ceiling slab 12 in the lower working chamber 13 of the caisson housing 1. Since the fixed position P1 and the retracted position P2 that is separated from the fixed position P1 in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction are movably attached, when the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300 are attached to the ceiling slab 12, the ceiling slab 12 is damaged. No long stroke length is required from the ceiling slab 12, and a large load can be received.
Further, when sinking the caisson housing 1, the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300 are supported from the state in which the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, 300 are extended toward the ground G at the fixed position P 1 and pressed against the ground G to support the caisson housing 1. Since the caisson housing 1 is gradually settled by gradually reducing 300, the caisson housing 1 can be gently and statically settled. Further, in this case, since the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, and 300 having a relief valve or a pressure adjusting valve are used, the caisson housing 1 can be loosened even when a load exceeding a predetermined pressure is applied to the hydraulic jacks 100, 200, and 300. Can promote proper sedimentation.
Furthermore, a support plate 301 is provided at the tip of the hydraulic jack 300, and a ball seat 303 provided at one end of the support jack 301 or the hydraulic jack 300 at the tip of the hydraulic jack 300, and a sphere 304 provided at the other. Since it connects by coupling | bonding, the bottom face of the bearing plate 301 can be turned to arbitrary directions, and the pressure receiving to the ground surface with unevenness is possible.

なお、第１の実施の形態では、油圧ジャッキ１００をモータ又は油圧シリンダ駆動のヒンジ機構１１０により軸１１５の回りに回動させるようにして、油圧ジャッキ１００を水平方向にスライド移動させるようにしたが、これに代えて、油圧ジャッキ１００を作業室１３内の掘削機械２０により軸１１５の回りに回動させてスライド移動させるようにしてもよい。このようにしても第１の実施の形態と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。また、第２、第３の各実施の形態においても、掘削機械２０に油圧ジャッキ２００、３００を軸回りに回動させる手段を併せて備えることにより、油圧ジャッキ２００、３００を同様に掘削機械２０により軸２１５、３１５の回りで回動させて折り畳み移動させることができ、このようにしても同様の作用効果を得ることができる。
さらに、第３の実施の形態では、支圧板３０１を油圧ジャッキ３００の先端に支圧板３０１側又は油圧ジャッキ３００側の一方に備える球座３０３と他方に備える球体３０４との結合により連結したが、第１、第２の実施の形態の支圧板１０１、２０１についても同様の構成を備えることができ、このようにすることで第３の実施の形態と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。 In the first embodiment, the hydraulic jack 100 is slid in the horizontal direction by rotating the hydraulic jack 100 around the shaft 115 by the hinge mechanism 110 driven by a motor or a hydraulic cylinder. Alternatively, the hydraulic jack 100 may be slid around the shaft 115 by the excavating machine 20 in the work chamber 13. Even if it does in this way, the effect similar to 1st Embodiment can be acquired. In each of the second and third embodiments, the excavating machine 20 is also provided with means for rotating the hydraulic jacks 200 and 300 about the axis thereof, so that the hydraulic jacks 200 and 300 are similarly connected to the excavating machine 20. Thus, it can be rotated around the shafts 215 and 315 to be folded and moved in this way, and similar effects can be obtained in this way.
Furthermore, in 3rd Embodiment, although the bearing plate 301 was connected with the front-end | tip of the hydraulic jack 300 by the coupling | bonding of the ball seat 303 with which one side of the bearing plate 301 side or the hydraulic jack 300 side was equipped, and the spherical body 304 with which the other was provided, The bearing plates 101 and 201 of the first and second embodiments can also have the same configuration, and by doing so, the same operational effects as those of the third embodiment can be obtained.

１ケーソン躯体
１０側壁
１１刃口
１２天井スラブ
１３作業室
１４マテリアルシャフト
１５マテリアルロック
１６マンシャフト
１７マンロック
１８クローラクレーン
１９スケータークレーン
２０掘削機械
Ｇ地盤
１００油圧ジャッキ
１０１支圧板
１０２支持プレート
１１０ヒンジ機構
１１１取付ベース
１１２軸受
１１３保持部材
１１４軸挿通部
１１５軸（ヒンジ軸）
２００油圧ジャッキ
２０１支圧板
２０２支持ブロック
２１０ヒンジ機構
２１１取付ベース
２１２軸受
２１３保持部材
２１４軸挿通部
２１５軸（ヒンジ軸）
３００油圧ジャッキ
３０１支圧板
３０２支持プレート
３０３球座
３０４球体
３１０ヒンジ機構
３１１取付ベース
３１２軸受
３１３レバー（保持部材）
３１４軸挿通部
３１５軸（ヒンジ軸）
３１６凹部
３１７凸部
３１８油圧シリンダ
Ｐ１定位置
Ｐ２退避位置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Caisson housing | casing 10 Side wall 11 Cutting edge 12 Ceiling slab 13 Working room 14 Material shaft 15 Material lock 16 Man shaft 17 Man lock 18 Crawler crane 19 Skater crane 20 Excavation machine G Ground 100 Hydraulic jack 101 Supporting plate 102 Support plate 110 Hinge mechanism 111 Mounting base 112 Bearing 113 Holding member 114 Shaft insertion part 115 Shaft (hinge shaft)
200 Hydraulic Jack 201 Supporting Plate 202 Support Block 210 Hinge Mechanism 211 Mounting Base 212 Bearing 213 Holding Member 214 Shaft Insertion Section 215 Shaft (Hinge Shaft)
300 Hydraulic jack 301 Supporting plate 302 Support plate 303 Ball seat 304 Ball body 310 Hinge mechanism 311 Mounting base 312 Bearing 313 Lever (holding member)
314 Shaft insertion part 315 shaft (hinge shaft)
316 Concavity 317 Convex 318 Hydraulic cylinder P1 Fixed position P2 Retraction position

Claims

A hydraulic jack is attached to the ceiling slab in the lower working chamber of the caisson housing via a hinge mechanism so as to be movable between a fixed position and a retracted position away from the fixed position.
By the pneumatic caisson method, the caisson housing is pressed and settled into the ground by a predetermined stroke at a predetermined depth,
When sinking the caisson housing, the hydraulic jack is extended toward the ground at the fixed position and pressed against the ground to support the caisson housing, and then the hydraulic jack is gradually reduced to gradually reduce the caisson housing. Subside,
When excavating the lower ground of the hydraulic jack at the fixed position by the excavating machine in the work chamber of the caisson housing, the hydraulic jack is moved from the fixed position to the retracted position, and the lower ground of the hydraulic jack is moved. Drilling,
Pneumatic caisson settling method characterized by the above.

A hydraulic jack is attached to a ceiling slab so as to be horizontally rotatable via a hinge mechanism, and the hydraulic jack is slidably moved between a fixed position and a retracted position separated from the fixed position in the horizontal direction. 2. A method for laying a pneumatic caisson according to 1.

A hydraulic jack is attached to a ceiling slab so as to be pivotable in a vertical direction via a hinge mechanism, and the hydraulic jack is foldably moved between a fixed position and a retracted position separated from the fixed position in the vertical direction. 2. A method for laying a pneumatic caisson according to 1.

4. The pneumatic caisson deposition method according to claim 1, wherein the hinge mechanism includes a power source including a motor and a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic jack is rotated using the power source.

The pneumatic caisson settling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hinge mechanism is not provided with a power source, and the hydraulic jack is rotated by an excavating machine in the work chamber.

The pneumatic caisson deposition method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a relief valve or a hydraulic jack with a pressure regulating valve is used to release hydraulic pressure when a certain load or more is loaded on the hydraulic jack.

A hydraulic pressure support plate is provided at the tip of the hydraulic jack, and the pressure support plate can be rotatably fitted to a ball seat provided on one side of the pressure plate or the hydraulic jack on the tip of the hydraulic jack and the ball seat provided on the other side. The method for depositing a pneumatic caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pneumatic caisson is connected by coupling with a sphere.