JP6215688B2 - Seed sorting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a seed selection method.

  In order to increase the germination rate of seeds, selection of seeds into good seeds (seeds that normally germinate) and bad seeds (seeds that do not germinate or seeds that do not generate normal individuals) has been conventionally performed prior to sowing. Yes. As a selection method, there are methods that use the appearance, size, specific gravity, and the like of seeds.

  For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method in which seeds are introduced into a sorting solution, and good seeds and bad seeds are sorted using a difference in seed settling speed. Patent Document 2 proposes a method in which seeds are introduced into a volatile organic solvent having a low boiling point, and good seeds and bad seeds are selected using a difference in specific gravity of seeds. Further, Patent Document 3 proposes a method in which seeds are introduced into gas-dissolved water in which a volatile gas is dissolved in a supersaturated state, and good seeds and bad seeds are selected using a difference in specific gravity of seeds.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-108402 JP-A-4-252102 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-9611

  According to the proposed sorting method, good seeds and bad seeds can be sorted to some extent, but the seeds to be sorted are limited to vegetable seeds that are relatively easy to sort. For example, in the case of tree seeds, there was no significant difference in appearance, size, specific gravity, etc. between good seeds and bad seeds, and satisfactory sorting could not be performed by the proposed sorting method. In the case of such difficult-to-sort seeds, so far, a plurality of low-precision sorting methods were combined at the expense of yield, or the sorting itself was given up.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method that can select tree seeds that are difficult to select between good seeds and bad seeds with excellent accuracy without combining a plurality of selection methods at the expense of yield. .

  The seed selection method according to the present invention that achieves the above-described object includes introducing seeds into an aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “PEG”), and selecting the seeds according to the difference in ups and downs. Features.

Here, the concentration of polyethylene glycol is in the range of 6 wt% to 40 wt% .

  From the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency and accuracy of selecting seeds, it is preferable to select seeds based on differences in floating and sinking after the seeds are put into the aqueous solution and stirred for a predetermined time.

  In addition, after the sorting, the sorted seed may be washed.

  Furthermore, after the sorting, the sorted seeds may be dried.

  The seed is preferably a tree seed.

  According to the sorting method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain excellent accuracy between good seeds and bad seeds without combining a plurality of sorting methods at the sacrifice of yield even for seeds that have been difficult to sort, such as tree seeds. Can be determined.

  In addition, since PEG used in the sorting method of the present invention is widely used industrially and is harmless to the human body, the sorting method of the present invention uses a conventional sorting method using an organic solvent or salts. Unlike the above, no special equipment or waste liquid treatment is required for implementation, and there is little impact on seeds.

  The seed selection method according to the present invention is characterized in that seeds are introduced into an aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PEG aqueous solution”), and the seeds are selected based on the difference in ups and downs. The mechanism by which seeds are introduced into an aqueous PEG solution that causes a difference in ups and downs between good seeds and bad seeds has not been fully clarified so far. It is speculated that the wettability is different between good seeds and bad seeds and the water absorption is different.

  Hereinafter, the procedure of the selection method of the present invention will be described. First, an aqueous PEG solution for selecting seeds is prepared. A predetermined amount of PEG is dissolved in water as a solvent. As water to be used, tap water or well water can be used in addition to pure water such as ion exchange water. Surfactants, plant regulators, pH adjusters, agricultural chemicals and the like may be added to the aqueous PEG solution.

  The concentration of PEG may be appropriately determined depending on the kind of seed to be selected. For example, in the case of polyethylene glycol 6000, the range of 6% by weight to 40% by weight is preferable. If the PEG concentration is less than 6% by weight, satisfactory selection results may not be obtained. If the PEG concentration exceeds 40% by weight, it becomes difficult to dissolve the PEG, and the seeds are washed after the selection. Is troublesome. The PEG used is not particularly limited, but the molecular weight of PEG is preferably in the range of 600 to 20,000.

  Next, seeds are put into the PEG aqueous solution and stirred for a predetermined time. The stirring time is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined within a range that does not adversely affect the seeds from the seed type, input amount, PEG concentration, etc., but is generally in the range of 0.2 h to 24 h. As the stirring means, conventionally known means can be used. For example, if the amount of PEG aqueous solution is about several hundred mL, stirring with a magnetic stirrer is sufficient. In addition, the PEG aqueous solution charged with seeds may be allowed to settle without stirring, and the seeds may be precipitated. However, from the viewpoint of improving sorting accuracy and efficiency of sorting work, stirring is preferable. . The temperature of the aqueous PEG solution is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the seeds.

  And after stirring, the seed which settled on the container bottom is collect | recovered as a good seed. Further, after collecting the seeds precipitated on the bottom of the container as good seeds, further stirring may be performed, and the work of collecting the good seeds precipitated after stirring may be repeated. The collected seeds are washed with water if necessary. As a washing method, a conventionally known washing method may be used as long as the seeds are not adversely affected. The collected seeds may be sown as they are, or may be re-dried for storage. Any drying method may be used as long as the seeds are not adversely affected.

  You may perform the process for germination improvement before and / or after implementing the screening method of this invention. There is no limitation in germination improvement processing, and a conventionally well-known processing can be performed. In addition, after performing the screening method of the present invention, seeds may be coated with a conventionally known coating material such as a powder, polymer, or active ingredient. The coating method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.

  The sorting method of the present invention can be used for sorting conventionally known seeds such as tree seeds, flower seeds, vegetable seeds, grass seeds, wild grass seeds, cereal seeds, and craft crop seeds. In particular, it can be suitably used for tree seeds that have been difficult to sort by conventional sorting methods.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these examples at all.

Example 1
In a glass beaker, 100 mL of ion-exchanged water and 11.1 g (10% by weight) of polyethylene glycol 6000 (average molecular weight 7300 to 9300) were completely dissolved while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. I put it in. Then, after 0, 3, 5, and 8 hours, stirring was stopped and the precipitated seeds were collected, cut, and the inside of the seeds was observed to examine whether the seeds were good or bad. All operations were performed at room temperature. Table 1 shows the selection results. In the following tables, “yield” means the ratio of precipitated seeds, and “cumulative good seed ratio” means the ratio of good seeds in precipitated seeds.

Comparative Example 1
Cedar seeds were selected in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethylene glycol 6000 was not added to the ion exchange water. The sorting results are shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, for example, when the stirring time is 8 hours, in the screening method of Example 1 using the PEG aqueous solution, 90% of the good seeds are precipitated, whereas the bad seeds are the whole. Only 19% precipitated, and the cumulative good seed rate was as high as 77%. On the other hand, in the screening method of Comparative Example 1 using ion-exchanged water, all good seeds were precipitated, but 57% of the bad seeds were also precipitated, and the cumulative good seed rate was a low value of 51%.

Example 2
Cypress seeds were selected in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 13.6 g (12% by weight) of polyethylene glycol 6000 was added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water and that the seeds to be tested were cypress seeds. The sorting results are shown in Table 2 .

Comparative Example 2
Cypress seeds were selected in the same manner as in Example 2 except that polyethylene glycol 6000 was not added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water. The sorting results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, in the sorting method of Example 2 using an aqueous PEG solution, the number of good seeds precipitated with the passage of time increased, whereas the defective seeds did not precipitate at all even with the passage of time. . For this reason, for example, if the stirring time is 24 hours, 98% of the good seeds can be selected and recovered.
On the other hand, in the screening method of Comparative Example 2 using ion-exchanged water, defective seeds were difficult to settle, but good seeds were also difficult to settle. For example, when the stirring time was 24 hours, 79% of good seeds However, the accumulated good seed rate was 84%, which was lower than that of Example 2.

Example 3
In a glass beaker, 100 mL of ion exchange water and 31.6 g (24% by weight) of polyethylene glycol 6000 were added and completely dissolved while stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and then 5 g of cabbage seeds (about 1700 grains) were added. After 0.2 hours, stirring was stopped and the precipitated seeds were collected, washed lightly with ion-exchanged water and dried, and then subjected to a petri dish germination test as follows. The test results are shown in Table 3.

(Petri dish germination test)
In a petri dish with a diameter of 9 mm, qualitative filter paper No. 2 (87 mm in diameter) are spread, and 4.5 mL of ion-exchanged water is added dropwise thereto, then the seeds are placed on the ground, and stored under light conditions at a temperature of 30 ° C. and 3000 lux. The germination rate, the abnormal rate and the normal rate on the 7th day were investigated. All operations were performed at room temperature.

Example 4
A petri dish germination test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 66.7 g (40 wt%) of polyethylene glycol 6000 was added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water. The test results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 3
A petri dish germination test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 6.4 g (6% by weight) of sodium chloride was added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water. The test results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 4
A petri dish germination test was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that polyethylene glycol 6000 was not added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water. The test results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 5
A petri dish germination test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3 without selecting 5 g of cabbage seeds (about 1700 grains). The test results are shown in Table 3.

As is apparent from Table 3, 100% and 99% of the cabbage seeds sorted by the sorting methods of Examples 3 and 4 germinated on the second day of the germination test, and the normal rate was 98%.
On the other hand, in the sorting method of Comparative Example 3 using sodium chloride aqueous solution and Comparative Example 4 using ion-exchanged water, the germination rate was 98% and 97%, and the normal rate was 92%, and the sorting process was performed. It was almost the same as the case of Comparative Example 5 that was not present, and the effect of the sorting process was not achieved.

Example 5
In a glass beaker, 100 mL of ion-exchanged water and 6.4 g (6% by weight) of polyethylene glycol 6000 were added and completely dissolved while stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and then 3 g (about 1500 grains) of Sengiku seeds were added. After 3 hours, stirring was stopped and the precipitated seeds were collected, washed lightly with ion-exchanged water and dried, and then subjected to a petri dish germination test. The test conditions were the same as the test conditions of Example 3 except that the seed storage conditions were a dark condition (temperature 20 ° C., dark, 16 h) and a light condition (temperature 30 ° C., 3000 lux, 8 h). Same as above. The test results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 6
A petri dish germination test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 6.4 g (6 wt%) of sodium chloride was added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water. The test results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 7
A petri dish germination test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5 without selecting 3 g of syringa seeds (about 1500 grains). The test results are shown in Table 4.

As shown in Table 4, the yield of sengoku seeds selected by the selection method of Example 5 was 86%, the germination rate on day 7 of the germination test was 81%, and the normal rate was 80%.
On the other hand, the garland seeds sorted by the sorting method of Comparative Example 6 using an aqueous sodium chloride solution had a germination rate of 80% and a normal rate of 78%, which was almost equivalent to Example 5, but the yield was 49. % Was low. Moreover, in the case of the comparative example 7 which did not perform the selection process, the germination rate on the 7th day of the germination test was 77% and the normal rate was 73%, which was lower than that in the case of example 5.

Example 6
In a glass beaker, 100 mL of ion-exchanged water and 6.4 g (6% by weight) of polyethylene glycol 6000 were added and completely dissolved while stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and then 3 g (about 1500 grains) of Sengiku seeds were added. The seeds precipitated during 1 to 3 hours of stirring were collected, washed lightly with ion-exchanged water and dried, and then subjected to a petri dish germination test. The test conditions were the same as the test conditions of Example 3 except that the ion-exchanged water dropped on the filter paper was 3 mL and the storage conditions were 20 ° C. and 3000 lux. The test results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Example 8
A petri dish germination test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 6 except that polyethylene glycol 6000 was not added to 100 mL of ion-exchanged water, and only seeds precipitated during stirring for 0.5 to 1 hour were used. The test results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Example 9
A petri dish germination test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 6 without selecting 3 g of syringa seeds (about 1500 grains). The test results are shown in Table 5.

As is apparent from Table 5, the yield of sengoku seeds selected by the selection method of Example 6 was 20%, the germination rate on the seventh day of the germination test was 72%, and the normal rate was 70%.
On the other hand, Sengiku seeds sorted by the sorting method of Comparative Example 8 using ion-exchanged water had a yield of 14%, a germination rate of 56% on the 7th germination test, and a normal rate of 54%. This was almost the same as in Comparative Example 9 where the treatment was not performed, and the effect of the sorting treatment was not achieved.

  The sorting method of the present invention can discriminate between good seeds and bad seeds with excellent accuracy, even for seeds that have been difficult to sort, such as tree seeds, without combining multiple methods at the expense of yield. Useful.

Claims (5)

Seeds are put in an aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol, What selection method der seeds sorting seeds by the difference in sink-float,
Screening method for seed concentration of polyethylene glycol and wherein the range der Rukoto of 6 wt% to 40 wt%. Seeds are put into the aqueous solution, after the predetermined time agitation, method of selecting seed of claim 1 wherein the selected seeds by the difference in floating and sinking. The seed selection method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the selected seed is washed after the selection. Wherein after sorting, sorting method of seed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for drying the sorted seeds. Method for selecting seed of any of claims 1-4 wherein the seed is the tree seeds.