JP6212543B2 - 局在的大気レーザー化学蒸着 - Google Patents
局在的大気レーザー化学蒸着 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6212543B2 JP6212543B2 JP2015509052A JP2015509052A JP6212543B2 JP 6212543 B2 JP6212543 B2 JP 6212543B2 JP 2015509052 A JP2015509052 A JP 2015509052A JP 2015509052 A JP2015509052 A JP 2015509052A JP 6212543 B2 JP6212543 B2 JP 6212543B2
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/268—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser radiation
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Description
本出願は、2012年4月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/637,205号に関して、合衆国法典第35巻第119条の(e)に基づく特権を主張する。当該米国仮特許出願第61/637,205号の内容全体は、全ての目的のために参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
米国政府は、米国エネルギー省とLawrence Livermore National Security, LLCとの間での契約第DE−AC52−07NA27344号に基づき、本発明の権利を有する。
高エネルギーレーザーシステムにおける光学的損傷に対する理解および制御では、技術的に挑戦的かつ科学的に複雑な問題を依然として残している。長年の間、平均電力が高い紫外線レーザーを使用して、光学部材におけるレーザー損傷を低減または緩和するために、様々な方法が用いられている。従来の処理では、最小残留応力を持つ光学的良性な局在形態を生成する間に観測される衝突損傷の増加を低減または除去するために、石英ガラスレンズの表面損傷に対する中赤外線(IR)レーザーベースまたは遠赤外線(IR)レーザーベースの局在的処理が用いられている。特定の方法では、恐らく光吸収不良の消滅、毛細管現象による亀裂の修復およびガラスの強靭化を通して、CO2レーザー処理されたシリカの損傷閾値をかなり高められることを示している。加えて、レーザー出力光エネルギーの十分に長い下降により、いかなる熱誘発残留応力も許容レベルにまで軽減することが観測された。しかしながら、ほとんどの従来の損傷緩和技術では、元来の損傷部位の欠落材料およびレーザー処理による新たな材料欠落の双方に関連した非平面形態が、その後生じるUV光およびシステム内におけるその他の光学素子の損傷の可能性の変調を必然的にもたらす。
本発明の実施形態は、概して材料蒸着に関する。特に、本発明の特定の実施形態では、レーザーエネルギーを用いて、処理部位において合成されたシリカを局在的に蒸着するために、既存の気相シリカ前駆体(例えば、テトラエチルオルト珪酸塩(TEOS))を選択された位置で使用することによって、損傷耐性シリカを蒸着する方法を提供する。本発明の実施形態に係るシリカを局在的に蒸着させるために使用される方法は、レーザーベース化学蒸着(LCVD)と称すことができる。
〔図1〕本発明の一実施形態に係る、材料の局在的蒸着を行うシステムのハイレベルブロック図である。
本発明の実施形態は、概してレーザーベース蒸着技術を用いた材料の蒸着に関連している。本発明の特定の実施形態は、シリカの蒸着に関連している。具体的には、本発明のいくつかの実施形態は、溶融シリカベース光学部材における光学的損傷部位へのシリカのレーザーベース蒸着に関連している。しかしながら、本実施形態は、シリカの蒸着または光学部材への蒸着に限られないことを理解されたい。本書で説明された技術が、小さい領域にわたって、光学的損傷特性を持つ窪みへの材料の局在的蒸着が必要な、いかなるときにも適用可能であることは、当業者であれば理解できるであろう。
Claims (20)
- 各々が材料を欠落している穴である1つ以上の損傷部位を有する光学部材を準備する工程と、
レーザービームおよび前駆ガスを受け取るため、ならびに流れに該前駆ガスの焦点を合わせるためにノズルを準備する工程と、
上記1つ以上の損傷部位のうちの第1損傷部位における位置に、出力およびビーム直径によって特徴づけられるレーザービームの焦点を合わせ、該レーザービームは、上記光学部材の表面に対して垂直な軸に沿って焦点が合わせられる工程と、
上記レーザービームの出力を第1出力に設定する工程と、
上記第1出力の上記レーザービームを用いて、上記位置における上記光学部材上の領域を第1温度にまで加熱する工程と、
上記レーザービームと同軸に、上記位置に向かって流れており、かつ上記光学部材の上記表面に対して垂直に流れている流れに上記前駆ガスの焦点を合わせるために、ノズルを用いる工程と、
上記レーザービームによって加熱した上記領域のみに、第1所定量の材料を蒸着する工程と、を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 蒸着した後、上記レーザービームの出力を第2出力にまで増加させて、上記位置を第2温度まで加熱する工程と、
上記レーザービームを用いて、所定時間の間、上記第1所定量の材料をアニールする工程と、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 上記所定時間は、3分間から5分間の間であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 上記第1出力は、1ワットから2ワットまでの間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記第1温度は、1200Kから1700Kまでの間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記第2温度は、2000Kから2500Kまでの間であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 上記第2出力は、5ワットであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 蒸着した後、上記損傷部位における異なる位置に、上記レーザービームの焦点を合わせる工程と、
上記第1出力の上記レーザービームを用い、上記異なる位置における上記光学部材上の領域を上記第1温度まで加熱する工程と、
上記異なる位置に、前駆ガスを供給する工程と、
上記異なる位置における上記光学部材の上記領域のみに、第2所定量の材料を蒸着する工程と、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - ガウス側面を持つ所望の形状を上記損傷部位に形成するために、レーザーアブレーションを用いて上記損傷部位を前処理する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 大気圧下において、表面上に損傷部位を有する光学部材を準備する工程と、
上記損傷部位に、出力およびビーム直径によって特徴づけられるレーザービームの焦点を合わせ、かつ該レーザービームは、上記光学部材の表面に対して垂直な軸に沿って焦点が合わせられる工程と、
(a)上記レーザービームの出力を第1出力に設定する工程と、
(b)上記損傷部位に隣接して配置されたノズルを用いて、上記損傷部位に、前駆ガスを供給し、該前駆ガスは、上記軸に沿って、かつ、上記光学部材の表面に対して垂直に焦点が合わせられる工程と、
(c)上記損傷部位に、上記前駆ガスの分解によって生成された材料の層を蒸着する工程と、
(d)上記損傷部位への上記前駆ガスの流入を停止する工程と、
(e)上記レーザービームの出力を第2出力に設定する工程と、
(f)所定時間の間、上記材料の層をアニールする工程と、
上記所定時間が経過した後、所定量の材料が蒸着するまで、上記(a)〜(f)の工程を繰り返す工程と、を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 上記材料の層を蒸着する工程は、
1200Kから1500Kまでの間の温度に上記損傷部位を加熱する工程と、
上記材料の複数の分子を生成するように、上記前駆ガスの分解を引き起こす工程と、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。 - 上記前駆ガスは、シランの一種またはテトラエチルオルト珪酸塩(TEOS)であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 上記材料の層をアニールする工程は、
2000Kから2500Kまでの間の温度に上記材料の層を加熱する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。 - 上記所定時間は、3分間から5分間までの間であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 上記損傷部位に、上記レーザービームの焦点を合わせる工程は、
上記損傷部位における第1位置に、上記レーザービームの焦点を合わせる工程と、
上記第1位置に、上記所定量の材料を蒸着した後、上記損傷部位における第2位置に、上記レーザービームの焦点を合わせる工程と、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。 - 出力およびビーム直径を持つレーザービームを出力するように構成されたレーザー源と、
基板上の位置に、上記レーザービームの焦点を合わせるための焦点合わせ手段であり、該位置は、損傷部位を表し、かつ上記レーザービームは、上記基板の表面に対して垂直な軸に沿ってさらに焦点が合わせられる、焦点合わせ手段と、
前駆ガスを、受け取るため、焦点を合わせるため、および上記レーザービームと同軸に、かつ軸に沿って流れる流れとして供給するためのノズルを含み、それにより、上記流れは、上記位置において、上記表面に対して垂直に、上記表面に衝突する、ガス供給手段と、を備え、
第1出力の上記レーザービームを出力し、
上記位置の上記基板を第1温度に加熱し、
上記前駆ガスの分解を引き起こし、
上記位置のみに、材料の層を蒸着し、
第2出力の上記レーザービームを出力し、
所定時間の間、蒸着された上記層を第2温度でアニールすることを特徴とするシステム。 - 上記第1出力は、1ワットから2ワットまでの間であり、上記第2出力は、5ワットであることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 上記ビーム直径は、700μmから3mmまでの間であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 上記ガス供給手段は、上記損傷部位から垂直方向に、上記基板上の上記位置から8mmから13mmまでの距離だけ離れた位置に配置されているノズルを含むことを特徴とする請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 上記第2温度は、2000Kであり、上記アニールのための上記所定時間は、3分間から5分間の間であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のシステム。
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