JP6199190B2 - Method for producing rolled material of magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Method for producing rolled material of magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- JP6199190B2 JP6199190B2 JP2014003327A JP2014003327A JP6199190B2 JP 6199190 B2 JP6199190 B2 JP 6199190B2 JP 2014003327 A JP2014003327 A JP 2014003327A JP 2014003327 A JP2014003327 A JP 2014003327A JP 6199190 B2 JP6199190 B2 JP 6199190B2
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910009378 Zn Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHJNPOSPVGRIAN-SFHVURJKSA-N n-[3-[(1s)-1-[[6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-5-methylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CN=CC(N[C@@H](C)C=2C=C(NC(=O)C=3C=C(C)C=NC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 JHJNPOSPVGRIAN-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009497 press forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
この発明は、難燃性を有するマグネシウム合金とその製造方法、鉄道車両の構体及び交通輸送手段の構体に関する。 The present invention relates to a magnesium alloy having flame retardancy, a method for manufacturing the same, a structure of a railway vehicle, and a structure of a transportation means.
従来の高速車両構体では、アルミニウム材料の特性向上のためCu(銅)、Mg(マグネシウム)、Si(ケイ素)、Zn(亜鉛)などの元素をアルミニウムに添加したアルミニウム合金が使用されている。このようなアルミニウム合金材は、押し出し性、中強度、溶接性に優れているとともに、比重が軽いため軽量化の高まりとともに鉄道車両への使用が進んでいる。従来のアルミニウム合金は、ケイ素を0.1〜0.9質量％、マグネシウムを0.7〜1.6質量％含有する（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このような従来のアルミニウム合金では、結晶粒が微細化されていなくても十分な強度を得ることができ、延性を向上させることができる。 In conventional high-speed vehicle structures, aluminum alloys in which elements such as Cu (copper), Mg (magnesium), Si (silicon), and Zn (zinc) are added to aluminum are used to improve the characteristics of the aluminum material. Such an aluminum alloy material is excellent in extrudability, medium strength, and weldability, and has a light specific gravity, so that its use in railway vehicles is progressing with an increase in weight reduction. A conventional aluminum alloy contains 0.1 to 0.9% by mass of silicon and 0.7 to 1.6% by mass of magnesium (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In such a conventional aluminum alloy, sufficient strength can be obtained even if crystal grains are not refined, and ductility can be improved.
また、従来の高速車両構体では、アルミニウム合金と比べて軽量の金属材料であるマグネシウム合金が使用されている。従来のマグネシウム合金は、所定の配向性を満たし、アルミニウムを5.0〜12.0質量％含有する（例えば、特許文献２参照）。このような従来のマグネシウム合金では、肉厚で機械的特性に優れ、耐食性及び耐肌荒れ性を向上させることができる。 Further, in conventional high-speed vehicle structures, magnesium alloys that are lighter metal materials than aluminum alloys are used. A conventional magnesium alloy satisfies a predetermined orientation and contains 5.0 to 12.0% by mass of aluminum (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Such a conventional magnesium alloy is thick and excellent in mechanical properties, and can improve corrosion resistance and rough skin resistance.
高速鉄道車両では、アルミニウム合金に代わる軽量材として繊維強化プラスティック(FRP)などの樹脂系複合材が使用されている。例えば、FRPは炭素繊維と高分子とが複合した複合材料であり優れた強度特性を示すとともに、軽量化をより一層図ることができる。しかし、樹脂系複合材は、強度と剛性が優れているが、鉄道車両への適用に関しては鉄道車両の構体として使用可能な大型素材の製造が困難であり、コストが非常に高くなってしまう問題点がある。また、マグネシウム合金は、FRP程度の密度であり、アルミニウム合金と比べて軽量の金属材料である。しかし、マグネシウム合金は、不燃性や難燃性の点で問題点がある。 In high-speed railway vehicles, resin-based composite materials such as fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) are used as lightweight materials instead of aluminum alloys. For example, FRP is a composite material in which carbon fibers and a polymer are combined, and exhibits excellent strength characteristics and can further reduce the weight. However, although resin-based composite materials are excellent in strength and rigidity, it is difficult to produce large-scale materials that can be used as the structure of railway vehicles when applied to railway vehicles, resulting in a very high cost. There is a point. Further, the magnesium alloy has a density of about FRP and is a lighter metal material than the aluminum alloy. However, magnesium alloys have problems in terms of incombustibility and flame retardancy.
この発明の課題は、軽量化を図りながら難燃性を確保することができるマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法を提供することである。 The subject of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the rolling material of a magnesium alloy which can ensure a flame retardance, aiming at weight reduction.
この発明は、以下に記載するような解決手段により、前記課題を解決する。
なお、この発明の実施形態に対応する符号を付して説明するが、この実施形態に限定するものではない。
請求項１の発明は、図３に示すように、難燃性を有するマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法であって、前記マグネシウム合金（３）を均質加熱温度150℃以上200℃以下、均質加熱時間30時間以上45時間以下で均質化処理する均質化処理工程（＃１３０）と、前記均質化処理工程後の前記マグネシウム合金を圧延加工して素形材を製造する圧延工程（＃１４０）とを含み、前記マグネシウム合金は、カルシウムを0.5mass%以上2.0mass%未満、アルミニウムを2.0mass%以上10.0mass%以下、亜鉛を0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下、マンガンを0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下、鉄を0.001mass%以上0.002mass%以下、ケイ素を0.01mass%未満、銅を0.01mass%未満、ニッケルを0.001mass%未満含有し、残部がマグネシウムであることを特徴とするマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法（＃１００）である。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the solving means described below.
In addition, although the code | symbol corresponding to embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the invention of claim 1 is a method for producing a rolled material of a magnesium alloy having flame retardancy, wherein the magnesium alloy (3) is homogeneously heated at a homogeneous heating temperature of 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower. A homogenization treatment step (# 130) for homogenization treatment for 30 hours to 45 hours, and a rolling step (# 140) for producing a shaped material by rolling the magnesium alloy after the homogenization treatment step; The magnesium alloy contains 0.5 mass% to less than 2.0 mass% calcium, 2.0 mass% to 10.0 mass% aluminum, 0.1 mass% to 1.5 mass% zinc, 0.1 mass% to 1.5 mass% manganese Rolling of a magnesium alloy characterized by containing iron 0.001 mass% or more and 0.002 mass% or less, silicon less than 0.01 mass%, copper less than 0.01 mass%, nickel less than 0.001 mass%, and the balance being magnesium This is a material manufacturing method (# 100).
請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載のマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法において、前記圧延工程は、圧延温度が200℃以上350℃以下であり、圧下率が60%以上80%以下であることを特徴とするマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法である。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for producing a rolled material of a magnesium alloy according to the first aspect , the rolling step has a rolling temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower and a rolling reduction of 60% or higher and 80% or lower. It is a manufacturing method of the rolled material of the magnesium alloy characterized by being.
この発明によると、軽量化を図りつつ難燃性を向上させることができる。 According to this invention, flame retardance can be improved while achieving weight reduction.
以下、図面を参照して、この発明の実施形態について詳しく説明する。
図１に示す交通輸送手段１は、電車又は気動車などの鉄道車両である。構体２は、交通輸送手段１の主構造である。構体２は、図１に示すように、乗客又は貨物などの重量を支持し車体の床部分又は台枠を構成する床構え２ａと、この床構え２ａの両縁に固定され車体の側面部分を構成する一対の側構え２ｂ，２ｃと、この一対の側構え２ｂ，２ｃの上縁に固定され車体の屋根部分を構成する屋根構え２ｄと、車両の両端部分を構成する図示しない妻構えなどを備えている。構体２は、例えば、マグネシウム合金３によって形成された車外面板と室内面板とをトラス又はリブによって結合したダブルスキン構体である。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The transportation means 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a railway vehicle such as a train or a train. The structure 2 is the main structure of the traffic transportation means 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the structure 2 supports a weight of a passenger or a cargo and constitutes a floor portion or a frame of the vehicle body, and a floor structure 2a fixed to both edges of the floor structure 2a and a side surface portion of the vehicle body. A pair of side stands 2b, 2c to be constructed, a roof stand 2d which is fixed to the upper edges of the pair of side stands 2b, 2c and constitutes a roof portion of the vehicle body, and a wife stance not shown which constitutes both ends of the vehicle, etc. I have. The structure 2 is, for example, a double skin structure in which a vehicle outer surface plate and an indoor surface plate formed of a magnesium alloy 3 are coupled by a truss or a rib.
図１及び図２に示すマグネシウム合金３は、難燃性を有する難燃性マグネシウム合金である。マグネシウム合金３は、素材特性としての難燃性を確保するために製造時にカルシウムが添加されている。マグネシウム合金３は、例えば、Mg-Al-Zn-Ca合金又はMg-Al-Mn-Ca合金が好ましい。マグネシウム合金３は、カルシウムの含有量が0.5mass%未満であると十分な難燃性の効果を発揮することができず、2.0mass%以上であると脆くなって圧延時に割れが発生するため、カルシウムを0.5mass%以上2.0mass%未満含有することが好ましい。 The magnesium alloy 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a flame retardant magnesium alloy having flame retardancy. The magnesium alloy 3 is added with calcium at the time of manufacture in order to ensure flame retardancy as a material characteristic. The magnesium alloy 3 is preferably, for example, an Mg—Al—Zn—Ca alloy or an Mg—Al—Mn—Ca alloy. Magnesium alloy 3 cannot exhibit a sufficient flame-retardant effect if the calcium content is less than 0.5 mass%, and if it is 2.0 mass% or more, it becomes brittle and cracks occur during rolling. It is preferable to contain 0.5 mass% or more and less than 2.0 mass% of calcium.
マグネシウム合金３は、アルミニウムの含有量が2.0mass%未満であると強度が低下し、10.0mass%を超えると金属間化合物の量が増加して加工性が低下するため、アルミニウムを2.0mass%以上10.0mass%以下含有することが好ましい。マグネシウム合金３は、亜鉛の含有量が0.1mass%未満であると耐食性、鋳造性、塑性加工性が低下し、1.5mass%を超えるとアーク溶接性が悪くなる他、耐食性や鋳造性に効果が少なくなるため、亜鉛を0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下含有することが好ましい。マグネシウム合金３は、マンガンの含有量が0.1mass%未満であると耐食性と鋳造性が悪くなり、1.5mass%を超えると加工性が低下するため、マンガンを0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下含有することが好ましい。 Magnesium alloy 3 has a lower strength when the aluminum content is less than 2.0 mass%, and when it exceeds 10.0 mass%, the amount of intermetallic compounds increases and the workability decreases. It is preferable to contain 10.0 mass% or less. When magnesium content is less than 0.1 mass%, the corrosion resistance, castability and plastic workability of the magnesium alloy 3 decrease, and when it exceeds 1.5 mass%, the arc weldability deteriorates and the corrosion resistance and castability are effective. Since it decreases, it is preferable to contain zinc 0.1 mass% or more and 1.5 mass% or less. Magnesium alloy 3 contains manganese in an amount of 0.1 mass% or more and 1.5 mass% or less because corrosion resistance and castability deteriorate when the manganese content is less than 0.1 mass%, and workability deteriorates when the manganese content exceeds 1.5 mass%. It is preferable.
マグネシウム合金３は、鉄の含有量が0.001mass%を下回ると鋳造性の問題があり、0.002mass%を超えると耐食性の問題があるため、鉄を0.001mass%以上0.002mass%以下含有することが好ましい。マグネシウム合金３は、ケイ素及び銅の含有量がそれぞれ0.01mass%以上になると耐食性及び溶接性の問題があるため、ケイ素及び銅の含有量をそれぞれ0.01mass%未満含有することが好ましい。マグネシウム合金３は、ニッケルの含有量が0.001mass%以上になると耐食性及び溶接性の問題があるため、ニッケルの含有量を0.001mass%未満含有することが好ましい。 Magnesium alloy 3 has a problem of castability when the iron content is less than 0.001 mass%, and there is a problem of corrosion resistance when it exceeds 0.002 mass%. Therefore, it may contain 0.001 mass% or more and 0.002 mass% or less of iron. preferable. The magnesium alloy 3 has a problem of corrosion resistance and weldability when the silicon and copper contents are 0.01 mass% or more, respectively. Therefore, the magnesium alloy 3 preferably contains less than 0.01 mass% of silicon and copper. Since magnesium alloy 3 has a problem of corrosion resistance and weldability when the nickel content is 0.001 mass% or more, it is preferable that the nickel content is less than 0.001 mass%.
マグネシウム合金３は、厚さが10mmを超えると軽量化を図ることができず、2mmを下回ると強度が不足するため、厚さを2mm以上10mm以下にすることが好ましい。マグネシウム合金３は、例えば、摩擦撹拌接合(摩擦撹拌溶接)(Friction Stir Welding(FSW))、レーザ溶接又はMIG溶接などの低熱源接合方法によって端部同志（接合面同志）が接合されて構体２に組み込まれる。 When the thickness exceeds 10 mm, the magnesium alloy 3 cannot be reduced in weight. When the thickness is less than 2 mm, the strength is insufficient. Therefore, the thickness is preferably 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less. The magnesium alloy 3 is formed by joining end members (joint surfaces) by a low heat source joining method such as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), laser welding, or MIG welding. Incorporated into.
次に、この発明の実施形態に係るマグネシウム合金の製造方法について説明する。
図３に示す製造方法＃１００は、図１に示す難燃性を有するマグネシウム合金３を製造する方法であり、加熱溶解工程＃１１０と、鋳造工程＃１２０と、均質化処理工程＃１３０と、圧延工程＃１４０などを含む。
Next, the manufacturing method of the magnesium alloy which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
A manufacturing method # 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a method of manufacturing the flame-retardant magnesium alloy 3 shown in FIG. 1, and includes a heating and melting step # 110, a casting step # 120, a homogenization step # 130, Including rolling step # 140 and the like.
加熱溶解工程＃１１０は、マグネシウム合金とカルシウムとを加熱溶解する工程である。加熱溶解工程＃１１０では、Mg-Al-Az系のマグネシウム合金とカルシウム、又はMg-Al-Mg系のマグネシウム合金とカルシウムとを真空又はアルゴンガス雰囲気化で600〜750℃の範囲内で加熱溶解する。 The heating and melting step # 110 is a step of heating and melting the magnesium alloy and calcium. In the heating and melting step # 110, Mg-Al-Az-based magnesium alloy and calcium, or Mg-Al-Mg-based magnesium alloy and calcium are heated and melted in a range of 600 to 750 ° C under vacuum or argon gas atmosphere. To do.
鋳造工程＃１２０は、加熱溶解工程＃１１０後のマグネシウム合金３の溶融金属を鋳造する工程である。鋳造工程＃１２０では、加熱溶解工程＃１１０後のマグネシウム合金３の溶融金属を塑性加工するために、所定の形状及び寸法のマグネシウム合金３の鋳塊（金属塊）に鋳造した後に、このマグネシウム合金３の鋳塊を分塊圧延して正方形又は丸型断面の小型のマグネシウム合金３の鋼片（鋳造ビレット）に加工する。 The casting process # 120 is a process of casting the molten metal of the magnesium alloy 3 after the heating and melting process # 110. In the casting step # 120, in order to plastically process the molten metal of the magnesium alloy 3 after the heating and melting step # 110, the magnesium alloy 3 is cast into an ingot (metal lump) of a predetermined shape and size, and then the magnesium alloy 3 is cast. 3 is ingot-rolled and processed into a small steel piece (cast billet) of magnesium alloy 3 having a square or round cross section.
均質化処理工程＃１３０は、鋳造工程＃１２０後のマグネシウム合金３の金属材料の合金元素がこの金属材料中に均質に分布するように、この金属材料を所定の温度に加熱して一定時間保持する工程である。均質化処理工程＃１３０では、鋳造工程＃１２０後のマグネシウム合金３の鋼片を一度200℃で36時間の均質加熱（均質化処理）を行う。均質化処理工程＃１３０では、マグネシウム合金３の鋼片の均質加熱温度が150℃未満であると均質不十分の問題があり、200℃を超えると結晶粒粗大化の問題があるため、均質加熱温度を150℃以上200℃以下で均質化処理することが好ましい。また、均質化処理工程＃１３０では、マグネシウム合金３の鋼片の均質加熱時間が30時間未満であると均質不十分及び合金元素の偏析の問題があり、45時間を超えると結晶粒粗大化の問題があるため、均質加熱時間を30時間以上45時間以下で均質化処理することが好ましい。 In the homogenization treatment process # 130, the metal material is heated to a predetermined temperature and held for a certain period of time so that the alloy elements of the metal material of the magnesium alloy 3 after the casting process # 120 are uniformly distributed in the metal material. It is a process to do. In the homogenization treatment step # 130, the steel pieces of the magnesium alloy 3 after the casting step # 120 are once subjected to homogenous heating (homogenization treatment) at 200 ° C. for 36 hours. In the homogenization process # 130, if the homogeneous heating temperature of the steel pieces of the magnesium alloy 3 is less than 150 ° C, there is a problem of insufficient homogeneity, and if it exceeds 200 ° C, there is a problem of coarsening of crystal grains. Homogenization is preferably performed at a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower. Further, in the homogenization treatment step # 130, when the homogeneous heating time of the steel slab of the magnesium alloy 3 is less than 30 hours, there is a problem of insufficient homogeneity and segregation of the alloy elements. Since there is a problem, it is preferable to perform the homogenization treatment with a homogeneous heating time of 30 hours to 45 hours.
圧延工程＃１４０は、均質化処理工程＃１３０後のマグネシウム合金３を圧延加工して素形材を製造する工程である。圧延工程＃１４０では、マグネシウム合金３の圧延温度が200℃未満であると圧延時に割れが発生し、350℃を超えると結晶粒が再結晶化して柔らかくなるため、圧延温度を200℃以上350℃以下で圧延加工することが好ましい。また、圧延工程＃１４０では、マグネシウム合金３の圧下率が60%未満であると欠陥が発生し、80%を超えると割れが発生するため、圧下率を60%以上80%以下で圧延加工することが好ましい。 Rolling step # 140 is a step of rolling the magnesium alloy 3 after the homogenization treatment step # 130 to produce a shaped material. In the rolling process # 140, if the rolling temperature of the magnesium alloy 3 is less than 200 ° C., cracking occurs during rolling, and if it exceeds 350 ° C., the crystal grains recrystallize and become soft. It is preferable to perform the rolling process below. Further, in rolling step # 140, defects occur when the rolling reduction of magnesium alloy 3 is less than 60%, and cracks occur when it exceeds 80%, so rolling is performed at a rolling reduction of 60% to 80%. It is preferable.
この発明の実施形態に係るマグネシウム合金とその製造方法には、以下に記載するような効果がある。
(1) この実施形態では、マグネシウム合金３がカルシウムを0.5mass%以上2.0mass%未満含有し、アルミニウムを2.0mass%以上10.0mass%以下含有する。このため、軽量化を図りつつ難燃性を確保させることができる。その結果、鉄道車両などの交通輸送手段１の構体にマグネシウム合金１を適用したときに、従来のアルミニウム合金製の鉄道車両などに比べて軽量化を図ることができるとともに、鉄道車両の火災安全性などを確保することができる。また、従来のマグネシウム合金のように難燃性を確保するためにマグネシウム合金の表面に難燃剤をコーティングする必要がなくなって、安価に製造することができる。
The magnesium alloy and the manufacturing method thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention have the effects described below.
(1) In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy 3 contains not less than 0.5 mass% and less than 2.0 mass% calcium, and contains not less than 2.0 mass% and not more than 10.0 mass% aluminum. For this reason, a flame retardance can be ensured, achieving weight reduction. As a result, when the magnesium alloy 1 is applied to the structure of the transportation means 1 such as a railway vehicle, the weight can be reduced as compared with a conventional aluminum alloy railway vehicle, and the fire safety of the railway vehicle. Etc. can be secured. Further, it is not necessary to coat the surface of the magnesium alloy with a flame retardant in order to ensure the flame retardance as in the case of the conventional magnesium alloy, and it can be manufactured at low cost.
(2) この実施形態では、マグネシウム合金３が亜鉛を0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下含有する。このため、亜鉛を含有することで融点を下げて鍛造が容易になって圧延加工によって高強度のマグネシウム合金３を容易に製造することができる。 (2) In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy 3 contains 0.1 mass% or more and 1.5 mass% or less of zinc. For this reason, the melting point is lowered by containing zinc, forging becomes easy, and the high-strength magnesium alloy 3 can be easily manufactured by rolling.
(3) この実施形態では、マグネシウム合金３がマンガンを0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下含有する。このため、マンガンを含有することで耐食性及び強度に優れたマグネシウム合金３を容易に製造することができる。 (3) In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy 3 contains 0.1 mass% or more and 1.5 mass% or less of manganese. For this reason, the magnesium alloy 3 excellent in corrosion resistance and intensity | strength can be easily manufactured by containing manganese.
(4) この実施形態では、マグネシウム合金３を圧延加工して素形材を製造する圧延工程＃１１０を含む。このため、例えば、高速車両構体に必要な素形材を簡単に製造することができる。 (4) This embodiment includes a rolling step # 110 in which the magnesium alloy 3 is rolled to produce a shaped material. For this reason, for example, the shape material required for the high-speed vehicle structure can be easily manufactured.
(5) この実施形態では、圧延工程＃１１０の圧延温度が200℃以上350℃以下であり、圧下率が60%以上80%以下である。このため、圧延時に割れが発生するのを防ぐことができるとともに、結晶粒が再結晶化して柔らかくなるのを防ぐことができる。 (5) In this embodiment, the rolling temperature in rolling step # 110 is 200 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower, and the rolling reduction is 60% or higher and 80% or lower. For this reason, it can prevent that a crack generate | occur | produces at the time of rolling, and can prevent that a crystal grain recrystallizes and becomes soft.
次に、この発明の実施例について説明する。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
試験材は、表１に示す実施例１〜４及び比較例２，３に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金と、表２に示す比較例１に係るアルミニウム合金とを用いた。表１，２に示す単位は、質量パーセントである。
（実施例１）
実施例１は、カルシウムを添加したMg-Al-Zn-Ca系の難燃性マグネシウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。実施例１に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金は、マグネシウムにアルミニウムを3.1mass%、亜鉛を0.84mass%含有するマグネシウム合金を電気炉によって加熱温度580℃で加熱し、マグネシウム合金を溶融させた後にカルシウムを1.0mass%添加して鋳造しビレットを作製し、250℃、圧下率60％で圧延して作製した。
As the test materials, flame retardant magnesium alloys according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 shown in Table 1 and an aluminum alloy according to Comparative Example 1 shown in Table 2 were used. The units shown in Tables 1 and 2 are mass percent.
Example 1
Example 1 is a plate material obtained by processing an Mg—Al—Zn—Ca-based flame retardant magnesium alloy with calcium added into a length of 60 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. In the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Example 1, magnesium alloy containing 3.1 mass% aluminum and 0.84 mass% zinc in magnesium is heated by an electric furnace at a heating temperature of 580 ° C., and after melting the magnesium alloy, calcium is added. A billet was prepared by adding 1.0 mass% and cast, and rolled at 250 ° C. and a reduction rate of 60%.
（実施例２）
実施例２は、カルシウムを添加したMg-Al-Zn-Ca系の難燃性マグネシウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。実施例２に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金は、マグネシウムにアルミニウムを5.9mass%、亜鉛を0.93mass%含有するマグネシウム合金を電気炉によって加熱温度580℃で加熱し、マグネシウム合金を溶融させた後にカルシウムを1.0mass%添加して鋳造しビレットを作製し、250℃、圧下率60％で圧延して作製した。
(Example 2)
Example 2 is a plate material obtained by processing an Mg—Al—Zn—Ca-based flame retardant magnesium alloy with calcium added into a length of 60 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. In the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Example 2, magnesium alloy containing 5.9 mass% aluminum and 0.93 mass% zinc in magnesium is heated in an electric furnace at a heating temperature of 580 ° C., and after melting the magnesium alloy, calcium is added. A billet was prepared by adding 1.0 mass% and cast, and rolled at 250 ° C. and a reduction rate of 60%.
（実施例３）
実施例３は、カルシウムを添加したMg-Al-Mn-Ca系の難燃性マグネシウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。実施例３に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金は、マグネシウムにアルミニウムを3.3mass%、マンガンを0.98mass%含有するマグネシウム合金を電気炉によって加熱温度600℃で加熱し、マグネシウム合金を溶融させて後にカルシウムを1.0mass%添加して鋳造しビレットを作製し、250℃、圧下率60％で圧延して作製した。
(Example 3)
Example 3 is a plate material obtained by processing an Mg—Al—Mn—Ca-based flame retardant magnesium alloy with calcium added into a length of 60 mm × width of 20 mm × thickness of 1 mm. In the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Example 3, a magnesium alloy containing 3.3 mass% aluminum and 0.98 mass% manganese in magnesium is heated in an electric furnace at a heating temperature of 600 ° C. A billet was prepared by adding 1.0 mass% and cast, and rolled at 250 ° C. and a reduction rate of 60%.
（実施例４）
実施例４は、カルシウムを添加したMg-Al-Mn-Ca系の難燃性マグネシウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。実施例４に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金は、マグネシウムにアルミニウムを6.2mass%、マンガンを1.01mass%含有するマグネシウム合金を電気炉によって加熱温度 600℃で加熱し、マグネシウム合金を溶融させて後にカルシウムを1.0mass%添加して鋳造しビレットを作製し、250℃、圧下率60％で圧延して作製した。
Example 4
Example 4 is a plate material obtained by processing an Mg—Al—Mn—Ca-based flame retardant magnesium alloy with calcium added into a length of 60 mm × width of 20 mm × thickness of 1 mm. In the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Example 4, a magnesium alloy containing 6.2 mass% aluminum and 1.01 mass% manganese in magnesium is heated in an electric furnace at a heating temperature of 600 ° C. A billet was prepared by adding 1.0 mass% and cast, and rolled at 250 ° C. and a reduction rate of 60%.
図４に示すように、実施例２に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金の金属組織を観察したところ、アルミニウムとカルシウムとが結合して金属間化合物(Al2Ca)が生成されており、糸状の金属間化合物が蜂の巣状に形成されていることが確認された。 As shown in FIG. 4, when the metallographic structure of the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Example 2 was observed, aluminum and calcium were combined to produce an intermetallic compound (Al 2 Ca), and the filamentous metal It was confirmed that the intermetallic compound was formed in a honeycomb shape.
（比較例１）
比較例１は、表２に示す化学成分の合金番号A6061のAl-Mg-Si系のアルミニウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。
(Comparative Example 1)
Comparative Example 1 is a plate material obtained by processing an Al—Mg—Si based aluminum alloy having the chemical composition shown in Table 2 and having an alloy number A6061 into a length of 60 mm × width of 20 mm × thickness of 1 mm.
（比較例２）
比較例２は、表１に示す化学成分のAZ61のMg-Al-Zn系のマグネシウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。
(Comparative Example 2)
Comparative Example 2 is a plate material obtained by processing an Mg-Al-Zn-based magnesium alloy of AZ61 having chemical components shown in Table 1 into a length of 60 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.
（比較例３）
比較例３は、カルシウムを添加したMg-Al-Zn-Ca系の難燃性マグネシウム合金を長さ60mm×幅20mm×厚さ1mmに加工した板材である。比較例３に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金は、実施例２に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金の化学成分のうちカルシウムの含有量のみが異なる。比較例３に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金は、マグネシウムにアルミニウムを3.1mass%、亜鉛を0.84mass%を含有するマグネシウム合金を電気炉によって加熱温度 580℃で加熱し、マグネシウム合金を溶融させた後にカルシウムを2.0mass%添加して鋳造しビレットを作製し、250℃、圧下率60％で圧延して作製した。
(Comparative Example 3)
Comparative Example 3 is a plate material obtained by processing a Mg—Al—Zn—Ca-based flame retardant magnesium alloy with calcium added into a length of 60 mm × width of 20 mm × thickness of 1 mm. The flame retardant magnesium alloy according to Comparative Example 3 differs only in the calcium content among the chemical components of the flame retardant magnesium alloy according to Example 2. In the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Comparative Example 3, magnesium alloy containing 3.1 mass% aluminum and 0.84 mass% zinc is heated in an electric furnace at a heating temperature of 580 ° C., and the magnesium alloy is melted before calcium. A billet was prepared by adding 2.0 mass% and cast and rolled at 250 ° C. and a reduction rate of 60%.
この発明の実施例及び比較例の難燃性及び圧延加工性の評価結果を表２に示す。
（燃焼試験）
実施例１〜４及び比較例１〜３の難燃性を確認するために燃焼試験を実施した。燃焼試験は、ガスバーナを使用して実施例１〜４及び比較例１〜３を直接加熱する手法で行った。燃焼試験装置は、ブロックで囲いをくみ上げ、上面にガスバーナを設置したものを試作した。燃焼温度は、最大加熱温度が700℃程度で、加熱時間が1分であり、熱電対を使用して測定した。その結果、図５に示すように、比較例１に係るアルミニウム合金については発火する前に溶融し、比較例２に係るマグネシウム合金については発火し燃焼することが確認された。一方、実施例１〜４に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金については、いずれも発火せず難燃性の効果が確認された。このため、図４に示すようなマグネシウム合金の金属組織内のカルシウム系の金属間化合物によって難燃性が保持されることが確認された。
Table 2 shows the evaluation results of flame retardancy and rolling processability of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
(Combustion test)
In order to confirm the flame retardance of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the combustion test was implemented. The combustion test was performed by a method in which Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were directly heated using a gas burner. Combustion test equipment was prototyped with a block surrounded by a block and a gas burner on the top. The combustion temperature was measured using a thermocouple with a maximum heating temperature of about 700 ° C. and a heating time of 1 minute. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, it was confirmed that the aluminum alloy according to Comparative Example 1 was melted before ignition, and the magnesium alloy according to Comparative Example 2 was ignited and combusted. On the other hand, none of the flame retardant magnesium alloys according to Examples 1 to 4 ignited, and the flame retardant effect was confirmed. For this reason, it was confirmed that the flame retardancy is maintained by the calcium-based intermetallic compound in the metal structure of the magnesium alloy as shown in FIG.
（圧延加工性）
実施例１〜４及び比較例３に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金の圧延加工性を確認するために、油圧式圧延加工機を用い、荷重を200kg、圧延温度を250℃、圧下率60％で圧延加工を実施した。その結果、図６に示すように、比較例３に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金については割れが確認された。このため、カルシウムを2mass%以上含有する難燃性マグネシウム合金については圧延加工性が劣ることが確認された。一方、実施例１〜４に係る難燃性マグネシウム合金については、いずれも割れが発生せず圧延加工性が良好であることが確認された。このため、図４に示すようなマグネシウム合金の金属組織内のカルシウム系の金属間化合物によって強度が確保されることが確認された。
(Rolling workability)
In order to confirm the rolling workability of the flame retardant magnesium alloys according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 3, using a hydraulic rolling machine, the load was 200 kg, the rolling temperature was 250 ° C., and the rolling reduction was 60%. Processing was carried out. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to Comparative Example 3 was confirmed to be cracked. For this reason, it was confirmed that the flame workability magnesium alloy containing 2 mass% or more of calcium is inferior in rolling workability. On the other hand, about the flame-retardant magnesium alloy which concerns on Examples 1-4, it was confirmed that all are cracked and rolling workability is favorable. For this reason, it was confirmed that the strength was ensured by the calcium-based intermetallic compound in the metal structure of the magnesium alloy as shown in FIG.
この発明は、以上説明した実施形態に限定するものではなく、以下に記載するように種々の変形又は変更が可能であり、これらもこの発明の範囲内である。
この実施形態では、鉄道車両にマグネシウム合金３を適用した場合を例に挙げて説明したが、自動車、船舶、航空機又は飛翔体などの他の交通輸送手段についてもこの発明を適用することができる。また、この実施形態では、鉄道車両の構体２にマグネシウム合金３を適用する場合を例に挙げて説明したが、鉄道車両の床材、パンタグラフカバー又は台車塞ぎ板などについてもこの発明を適用することができる。さらに、この実施形態では、マグネシウム合金３を圧延加工して素形材を製造する場合を例に挙げて説明したが、押出、鍛造、鋳造、曲げなどの加工によって素形材を製造することもできる。例えば、図３に示す均質化処理工程＃１３０後の鋳造ビレットや圧延工程＃１４０後の圧延材に対して鍛造のプレスフォージング法を利用してマグネシウム合金３を製造することもできる。この場合には、200℃〜350℃でプレスフォージングを行うことが好ましい。
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications or changes can be made as described below, and these are also within the scope of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the case where the magnesium alloy 3 is applied to a railway vehicle has been described as an example. However, the present invention can also be applied to other transportation means such as an automobile, a ship, an aircraft, or a flying object. In this embodiment, the case where the magnesium alloy 3 is applied to the structure 2 of the railway vehicle has been described as an example. However, the present invention is also applied to a flooring material, a pantograph cover, a carriage block plate, etc. of the railway vehicle. Can do. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the magnesium alloy 3 is rolled to produce a shaped material has been described as an example, but the shaped material may be produced by processes such as extrusion, forging, casting, and bending. it can. For example, the magnesium alloy 3 can be manufactured by using a forging press forging method for a cast billet after the homogenization treatment step # 130 shown in FIG. 3 or a rolled material after the rolling step # 140. In this case, it is preferable to perform press forging at 200 ° C to 350 ° C.
１ 交通輸送手段（鉄道車両）
２ 構体
３ マグネシウム合金
1 Transportation means (railcar)
2 Structure 3 Magnesium alloy
Claims (2)
前記マグネシウム合金を均質加熱温度150℃以上200℃以下、均質加熱時間30時間以上45時間以下で均質化処理する均質化処理工程と、
前記均質化処理工程後の前記マグネシウム合金を圧延加工して素形材を製造する圧延工程とを含み、
前記マグネシウム合金は、カルシウムを0.5mass%以上2.0mass%未満、アルミニウムを2.0mass%以上10.0mass%以下、亜鉛を0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下、マンガンを0.1mass%以上1.5mass%以下、鉄を0.001mass%以上0.002mass%以下、ケイ素を0.01mass%未満、銅を0.01mass%未満、ニッケルを0.001mass%未満含有し、残部がマグネシウムであること、
を特徴とするマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法。 A method for producing a magnesium alloy rolled material having flame retardancy,
A homogenization treatment step of homogenizing the magnesium alloy at a homogeneous heating temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, a homogeneous heating time of 30 hours or more and 45 hours or less;
Rolling process for rolling the magnesium alloy after the homogenization treatment process to produce a shaped material,
The magnesium alloy is 0.5 mass% to less than 2.0 mass% calcium, 2.0 mass% to 10.0 mass% aluminum, 0.1 mass% to 1.5 mass% zinc, 0.1 mass% to 1.5 mass% manganese, iron 0.001 mass% or more and 0.002 mass% or less, containing less than 0.01 mass% silicon, less than 0.01 mass% copper, less than 0.001 mass% nickel, and the balance being magnesium,
The manufacturing method of the rolling material of a magnesium alloy characterized by these.
前記圧延工程は、圧延温度が200℃以上350℃以下であり、圧下率が60%以上80%以下であること、
を特徴とするマグネシウム合金の圧延材の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the rolling material of the magnesium alloy of Claim 1 ,
In the rolling step, the rolling temperature is 200 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less, and the rolling reduction is 60% or more and 80% or less,
The manufacturing method of the rolling material of a magnesium alloy characterized by these.
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