CN109280832B - High-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 7.0 percent of Nd, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Ce, 2.0 to 2.5 percent of Al, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Si, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Ag, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Nb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities. The high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy provided by the invention is prepared by reasonably matching different components and utilizing an alloying method to prepare the magnesium alloy containing Nd, Ce, Al, Si, Ag and Nb, the ignition point of the magnesium alloy is about 800 ℃, the flame retardant property is good, meanwhile, the room-temperature tensile strength of the magnesium alloy is about 280MPa, the room-temperature yield strength is about 200MPa, the 200- ℃ tensile strength is about 200MPa, and the 200- ℃ yield strength is about 170MPa, and the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy shows good room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of magnesium alloy, and particularly relates to a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the existing metal structure material system, the magnesium alloy has high specific strength and specific stiffness, excellent casting performance and high damping and vibration resistance, is easy to recycle and has environmental protection characteristics, so that the magnesium alloy has very wide application prospects in the industries of aerospace, electronic communication, automobile industry and the like, and becomes one of metal structure materials with great potential at present.
The application of magnesium alloy mainly has the following problems: firstly, the obdurability of the magnesium alloy is not ideal enough, which limits the wide application of the magnesium alloy. Secondly, the magnesium alloy is very inflammable and is very easy to oxidize and burn in the melting and processing processes, the melting of the magnesium alloy is generally carried out under a flame-retardant flux or a protective atmosphere, the characteristic of easy oxidization and burning of the magnesium alloy brings great difficulty to the production, processing and treatment of the alloy, the wide application of the magnesium alloy is greatly hindered, and the obtaining of the ideal high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy is an important subject in the research field of the magnesium alloy.
At present, many researches are carried out on flame-retardant magnesium alloy at home and abroad, and related documents report that the flame-retardant magnesium alloy is prepared by alloying elements such as Ca, Be, Re and the like, and certain achievements are obtained. Chinese patent with publication number CN1156592C discloses a strong-toughness flame-retardant magnesium alloy, which consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 5.6 to 9.5 percent of Al, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Re, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Mn and the balance of Mg. The flame-retardant magnesium alloy has poor mechanical property and flame retardant property, and cannot meet the industrial application with higher requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy, which aims to solve the problem that the existing magnesium alloy is poor in mechanical property and flame retardant property.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy, which is used for solving the problem that the mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the magnesium alloy prepared by the existing method are poor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy is as follows:
a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 7.0 percent of Nd, 3.0 to 3.5 percent of Ce, 2.0 to 2.5 percent of Al, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Si, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Ag, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Nb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities.
The high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy provided by the invention is prepared by reasonably matching different components and utilizing an alloying method to prepare the magnesium alloy containing Nd, Ce, Al, Si, Ag and Nb, the ignition point of the magnesium alloy is about 800 ℃, the flame retardant property is good, meanwhile, the room-temperature tensile strength of the magnesium alloy is about 280MPa, the room-temperature yield strength is about 200MPa, the 200- ℃ tensile strength is about 200MPa, and the 200- ℃ yield strength is about 170MPa, and the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy shows good room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties.
In the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy provided by the invention, Nd is a first component, Nd has higher solid solubility in Mg solid solution, the maximum solid solubility reaches 7.6%, the solid solubility of Nd changes obviously along with temperature, Nd can form better aging precipitation strengthening effect in the magnesium alloy, and in order to ensure that the alloy obtains good aging precipitation strengthening and solid solution strengthening effects, reduce the alloy cost, and prevent the alloy density from increasing too much and the alloy from being excessively embrittled, the content of Nd is preferably 6.0-6.5%. 3-3.5% of Ce and 2-2.5% of Al are added into the Nd-containing high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy to serve as second components, and the addition of Al and Ce can reduce the solid solubility of Nd in Mg and increase the aging precipitation strengthening effect of Nd; nd and Ce as rare earth elements and Al with high solid solubility are matched and added to play a better aging strengthening effect. The Si has lower density, the room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy can be obviously improved by adding a small amount of Si, in addition, the melting point of the solid solution of the flame-retardant magnesium alloy can be improved, the diffusion speed of elements in the flame-retardant magnesium alloy is reduced, the flame retardant property of the flame-retardant magnesium alloy is obviously improved, and the fluidity of the alloy is not obviously influenced by adding a small amount of Si. The solid solubility of Nb in the magnesium alloy is high, and the addition of Nb in the magnesium alloy can generate an Mg-Nb strengthening phase, so that the alloy has good aging precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects, the microstructure of the magnesium alloy is refined, and the plasticity of the alloy is improved. The addition of Ag can refine the microstructure of the alloy, improve the strength and the plasticity of the alloy, and the formed Mg-Ag phase can slow down the diffusion speed of elements in the flame-retardant magnesium alloy and enhance the flame retardance of a matrix, so that the flame retardant property of the alloy can be improved.
The preparation method of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
1) melting raw materials for preparing the magnesium alloy under protective gas, then melting at 760-770 ℃, and standing to obtain alloy liquid;
2) pouring the alloy liquid into a mold to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) and carrying out heat treatment on the as-cast alloy to obtain the alloy.
The preparation method of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy provided by the invention effectively combines the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the magnesium alloy by using a multi-component alloying method through the combination design of alloy elements. The preparation method has simple process, can optimize the microstructure of the magnesium alloy through alloying, form a strengthening phase to improve the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy, and the prepared magnesium alloy material has good room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties and flame retardant property.
In order to facilitate the smelting of alloy raw materials and obtain alloy liquid with excellent performance, preferably, in the step 1), the raw materials for preparing the magnesium alloy comprise magnesium, aluminum, silver, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy, and during the smelting, the magnesium, the aluminum and the silver are firstly smelted, and then the Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, the Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, the Mg-Si intermediate alloy and the Mg-Nb intermediate alloy are added for smelting. In order to further reduce the smelting loss of elements, the melting temperature of the Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, the Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, the Mg-Si intermediate alloy and the Mg-Nb intermediate alloy is preferably 740-750 ℃.
In order to fully eliminate the influence of impurities, improve the uniformity of the alloy liquid and further optimize the smelting effect, preferably, in the step 1), the smelting time is 10-15 min. In order to facilitate the subsequent casting and obtain the cast alloy with better performance, the temperature during standing is preferably 710-730 ℃, and the standing time is preferably 10-15 min.
The heat treatment conditions determine the strengthening effect of the alloy components, and in order to effectively improve the microstructure of the alloy and obtain the optimal precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects, preferably, in the step 3), the heat treatment is to sequentially perform solution treatment and aging treatment on the as-cast alloy, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 540-550 ℃, the time is 5-8h, and the temperature of the aging treatment is 230-250 ℃, and the time is 10-14 h. In order to further optimize the effects of the solution treatment and the aging treatment and further improve the strength and the plasticity of the alloy, preferably, the alloy is quenched by hot water at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ to room temperature after the solution treatment, and is air-cooled to the room temperature after the aging treatment. In order to prevent the occurrence of the oxidation combustion phenomenon during the heat treatment, it is preferable that the solution treatment is performed under the covering of the magnesium oxide powder.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the practice of the invention. In the following examples, the raw materials magnesium, aluminum, silver, Mg-Nd master alloy, Mg-Ce master alloy, Mg-Si master alloy and Mg-Nb master alloy are all commercially available products. Wherein the mass content of Nd in the Mg-Nd intermediate alloy is 30%, the mass content of Ce in the Mg-Ce intermediate alloy is 30%, the mass content of Si in the Mg-Si intermediate alloy is 25%, and the mass content of Nb in the Mg-Nb intermediate alloy is 25%.
The magnesium, the aluminum, the silver, the Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, the Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, the Mg-Si intermediate alloy and the Mg-Nb intermediate alloy are subjected to preheating treatment before use. The temperature of the preheating treatment can be set to 230-260 ℃, and the time can be set to 1-3 h. The mold is preheated before casting, and the temperature of the preheating treatment can be set to 300-.
The embodiment 1 of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0 percent of Nd, 3.5 percent of Ce, 2.2 percent of Al, 0.8 percent of Si, 1.8 percent of Ag, 0.8 percent of Nb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass fraction of impurity elements Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.2 percent.
The embodiment 2 of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 6.2 percent of Nd, 3.2 percent of Ce, 2.5 percent of Al, 0.5 percent of Si, 1.5 percent of Ag, 0.9 percent of Nb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass fraction of impurity elements Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.2 percent.
Example 3 of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy of the present invention comprises the following components by mass: 6.3 percent of Nd, 3.2 percent of Ce, 2.0 percent of Al, 0.6 percent of Si, 2.0 percent of Ag, 0.9 percent of Nb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass fraction of impurity elements Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.2 percent.
Example 4 of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy of the present invention comprises the following components by mass: 6.5 percent of Nd, 3.0 percent of Ce, 2.2 percent of Al, 0.6 percent of Si, 1.8 percent of Ag, 1.0 percent of Nb, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass fraction of impurity elements Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.2 percent.
In embodiment 1 of the method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy of the present invention, the magnesium alloy related to embodiment 1 of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy is prepared by the following steps:
1) preheating raw materials of magnesium, aluminum, silver, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy, wherein the preheating temperature is 240 ℃, and the preheating time is 2 hours;
2) putting preheated magnesium, aluminum and silver in CO2And SF6Mixed gas (CO) of2、SF6The volume ratio of (1) to (99) to obtain a melt A; in CO2And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, heating the melt A to 740 ℃, adding Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy, removing surface scum after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, uniformly stirring, heating to 760 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, cooling to 720 ℃, standing, preserving heat for 13min, and obtaining alloy liquid;
3) pouring the alloy liquid into a preheated metal mold to obtain an as-cast alloy; the preheating temperature of the metal die is 330 ℃;
4) carrying out solution treatment on the as-cast alloy at 540 ℃ for 8h, then quenching the as-cast alloy to room temperature by using hot water at 80 ℃, carrying out aging treatment at 230 ℃ for 14h, and cooling the alloy in air to room temperature to obtain the alloy; wherein the solution treatment is performed under the covering of the magnesia powder to prevent the oxidation combustion.
In embodiment 2 of the method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy, the magnesium alloy in embodiment 2 of the method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy is prepared by the following steps:
1) preheating raw materials of magnesium, aluminum, silver, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy, wherein the preheating temperature is 260 ℃, and the preheating time is 1 h;
2) putting preheated magnesium, aluminum and silver in CO2And SF6Mixed gas (CO) of2、SF6The volume ratio of (1) to (99) to obtain a melt A; in CO2And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, when the melt A is heated to 750 ℃, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy are added, after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, the surface scum is removed, the mixture is uniformly stirred and heated to 765 ℃, the temperature is kept for 13min, then the mixture is cooled to 710 ℃, and the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 15min, so that alloy liquid is obtained;
3) pouring the alloy liquid into a preheated metal mold to obtain an as-cast alloy; the preheating temperature of the metal die is 350 ℃;
4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the as-cast alloy at 550 ℃ for 5h, then quenching the as-cast alloy to room temperature by using hot water at 85 ℃, carrying out aging treatment at 240 ℃ for 12h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature in air to obtain the alloy; wherein the solution treatment is performed under the covering of the magnesia powder to prevent the oxidation combustion.
In embodiment 3 of the method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy, the magnesium alloy in embodiment 3 of the method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy is prepared by the following steps:
1) preheating raw materials of magnesium, aluminum, silver, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy, wherein the preheating temperature is 230 ℃, and the preheating time is 3 hours;
2) putting preheated magnesium, aluminum and silver in CO2And SF6Mixed gas (CO) of2、SF6The volume ratio of (1) to (99) to obtain a melt A; in CO2And SF6Under the protection of the mixed gas, when the melt A is heated to 750 ℃, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy are added, after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, the surface scum is removed, the mixture is uniformly stirred and heated to 770 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10min, then the mixture is cooled to 730 ℃, and the mixture is kept stand and kept for 10min, so that alloy liquid is obtained;
3) pouring the alloy liquid into a preheated metal mold to obtain an as-cast alloy; the preheating temperature of the metal die is 300 ℃;
4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the as-cast alloy at 545 ℃ for 7h, then quenching the as-cast alloy to room temperature by adopting hot water at 90 ℃, carrying out aging treatment at 250 ℃ for 10h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature in air to obtain the alloy; wherein the solution treatment is performed under the covering of the magnesia powder to prevent the oxidation combustion.
In the embodiment 4 of the preparation method of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy, the magnesium alloy related to the embodiment 4 of the preparation method of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy has the same operation and process parameters as those related to the embodiment 1 of the preparation method of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy.
Examples of the experiments
In the experimental example, the magnesium alloy related to the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy in the embodiment 1-4 is subjected to mechanical property and ignition point tests, the mechanical property tests are processed and tested according to the national standard GB6397-86 metal tensile test sample, the test equipment is a (SHIMADZU) AG-I250 kN precision universal tester stretcher, and the stretching speed is 1 mm/min.
The ignition point test method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of cutting the magnesium alloy into a cylindrical sample with the specification of phi 15mm multiplied by 5mm, placing the sample in a resistance furnace at 450 ℃ for ignition point test, controlling the temperature rise rate of the furnace temperature to be 5 ℃/min, obtaining a curve of the surface temperature of the sample and the temperature rise time, generating white smoke on the magnesium alloy sample when the curve corresponding to the surface temperature of the sample and the temperature rise time has an inflection point, and enabling the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the curve to be the ignition point of the magnesium alloy. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of mechanical properties and flame retardancy test of the magnesium alloy of the examples
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the magnesium alloys of the examples have very high tensile strength and yield strength at room temperature and 200 ℃, and the ignition point test results show that the magnesium alloys have excellent flame retardant properties.
Claims (9)
1. The high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: nd 5.0-7.0%, Ce3.0-3.5%, Al 2.0-2.5%, Si 0.5-0.8%, Ag 1.5-2.0%, Nb 0.8-1.0%, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
1) melting raw materials for preparing the magnesium alloy under protective gas, then melting at 760-770 ℃, and standing to obtain alloy liquid;
2) pouring the alloy liquid into a mold to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) carrying out heat treatment on the as-cast alloy to obtain the alloy;
in the step 3), the heat treatment is to sequentially perform solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the as-cast alloy, wherein the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 540-550 ℃, the time is 5-8h, the temperature of the aging treatment is 230-250 ℃, and the time is 10-14 h.
2. A high strength flame retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the content of Nd is 6.0-6.5%.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) melting raw materials for preparing the magnesium alloy under protective gas, then melting at 760-770 ℃, and standing to obtain alloy liquid;
2) pouring the alloy liquid into a mold to obtain an as-cast alloy;
3) carrying out heat treatment on the as-cast alloy to obtain the alloy;
in the step 3), the heat treatment is to sequentially perform solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the as-cast alloy, wherein the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 540-550 ℃, the time is 5-8h, the temperature of the aging treatment is 230-250 ℃, and the time is 10-14 h.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1), the raw materials for preparing the magnesium alloy comprise magnesium, aluminum, silver, Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, Mg-Si intermediate alloy and Mg-Nb intermediate alloy, and during melting, the magnesium, the aluminum and the silver are firstly melted, and then the Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, the Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, the Mg-Si intermediate alloy and the Mg-Nb intermediate alloy are added for melting.
5. The method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the melting temperature of the Mg-Nd intermediate alloy, the Mg-Ce intermediate alloy, the Mg-Si intermediate alloy and the Mg-Nb intermediate alloy is 740 to 750 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1), the smelting time is 10-15 min.
7. The method for preparing a high-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy as claimed in claim 3 or 6, wherein the temperature of the standing is 710-730 ℃ and the standing time is 10-15 min.
8. The method for preparing a high strength flame retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein the solution treatment is followed by quenching with hot water at 80-90 ℃ to room temperature, and the aging treatment is followed by air cooling to room temperature.
9. The method of preparing a high strength flame retardant magnesium alloy according to claim 3 or 8, wherein the solution treatment is performed under the coverage of magnesium oxide powder.
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CN102994834A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-27 | 江汉大学 | Heatproof magnesium alloy containing Nb |
JP2015131987A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-23 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Magnesium alloy and production method of the same, body structure of rolling stock, and body structure of traffic transportation means |
CN107130159A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-05 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of Ignition-proof Magnesium Alloy and preparation method thereof |
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CN101688270A (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2010-03-31 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Magnesium alloy plate |
CN102994834A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-27 | 江汉大学 | Heatproof magnesium alloy containing Nb |
JP2015131987A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-23 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Magnesium alloy and production method of the same, body structure of rolling stock, and body structure of traffic transportation means |
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