JP6196556B2 - Method for operating upward flow reactor and water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of operating an upflow reactor and a water treatment apparatus in which a fluid is supplied into a filler filled in a reactor from below to above.

  Conventionally, there is a treatment method by a catalyst contact method in which raw water is passed through a catalyst packed tower packed with a catalyst to treat a substance to be treated in the raw water. Among these types of treatment methods, there are an upward flow type in which raw water is passed from below and a downward flow type in which raw water is introduced from above. In the case of the downward flow type, although depending on the effective diameter and uniformity coefficient of the catalyst, it has a filtration function that more or less removes suspended substances in the raw water with a catalyst packed bed. On the other hand, in the case of the upward flow type, since the catalyst is usually fluidized and operated along with the flow of the raw water, suspended substances in the raw water flow out without being trapped in the catalyst packed bed. . There is a big difference between the downward flow type and the upward flow type in the presence or absence of suspended solids removal in the catalyst packed bed.In the downward flow type where the suspended solids are removed and the upward flow type where the suspended solids are not removed, A large difference occurs in the flow rate of raw water (upward flow type is faster).

  For example, when a turbidity means such as sand filtration or membrane filtration is installed in the subsequent stage of the catalyst packed tower, it is not necessary to perform turbidity in the previous catalyst packed tower. Is generally a reasonable process.

  The advantage of the upward flow type is that it can be processed at a high speed because the suspended solids are not retained in the catalyst packed bed. Conversely, it can be said that if the suspended solids are retained in the catalyst packed bed, the pressure is lost there, which is disadvantageous for high-speed processing.

  In the upward flow type, a dispersion nozzle and an inflow strainer are installed so that the packed catalyst does not enter the raw water inflow part, or a filter floor plate laid with gravel is provided to separate the catalyst and the raw water inflow part. It is common. The openings (fluid passage ports) of these dispersion nozzles and inflow strainers need to be smaller than the diameter of the catalyst so that the catalyst does not fall.

  On the other hand, in the upward flow type, when raw water containing suspended solids is to be treated at high speed, suspended solids are not trapped in the catalyst packed bed, but suspended from the dispersion nozzle, inflow strainer, or gravel layer. Turbid substances can be trapped and clogged. In this case, the advantage of the upward flow type that “high-speed processing is possible because the suspended solids are not restrained” is impaired.

  In order to prevent this, a method of eliminating the gravel layer and making the openings of the dispersion nozzle and the inflow strainer sufficiently large so as not to be clogged with suspended substances can be considered. At this time, if the particle diameter of the catalyst to be filled is small, the opening of the dispersion nozzle and the inflow strainer which are enlarged to the extent that the suspended substance is not clogged may be larger than the particle diameter of the catalyst. In that case, the catalyst falls from the opening into the dispersion nozzle and the inflow strainer (flowing out to the raw water side or the primary side, hereinafter also referred to as “reverse flow”. Here, the flow direction of the fluid during normal operation was considered. When the dispersion nozzle or inflow strainer passes, it is called the primary side, and after the passage is called the secondary side.) However, by adopting an opening structure that takes into account the angle of repose of the catalyst, these problems can be solved. It can be avoided.

JP-A-5-269489

  As described above, by using the structure of the opening in consideration of the angle of repose of the catalyst, it is possible to prevent the catalyst from falling into the opening or to the primary side (back flow) in normal operation.

  However, when switching from the supply of raw water to a stop (when transitioning from a raw water supply state to a stop) or when switching from a stop of raw water to a supply (when shifting from a stop to a raw water supply state) Even if the structure of the opening in consideration of the angle of repose of the catalyst is used, there is a problem that the catalyst falls into the opening (to the primary side) (back flow) phenomenon (outflow phenomenon to the raw water side). It was.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points. The purpose of the present invention is to ensure that a filler such as a catalyst is used in a fluid dispersion means such as a dispersion nozzle or a strainer even when fluid supply is stopped or when supply is started. An object of the present invention is to provide an operating method and a water treatment apparatus for an upflow reactor that does not fall (backflow) into the fluid passage port (opening) (to the primary side).

  The inventor of the present application considered the cause of the phenomenon (falling backflow) from the fluid passage port to the raw water side that occurred when the fluid supply was stopped or started. That is, during normal operation, the raw water flows out from all of the plurality of fluid passage ports, so it is difficult for the packing material to flow backward from the fluid passage ports to the raw water side.

  On the other hand, when the supply of raw water is started, a certain period of time is required until the raw water flows out uniformly from all the fluid passage ports. In particular, if the supply flow rate is increased, the outflow of raw water starts from the lowest pressure loss among the fluid passage ports set with the same pressure loss, even among slight differences. This is the difference in pressure loss that is not a problem in normal operating conditions. However, at the start of operation, the fluid that has not yet started moving is on the primary side of the fluid passage and tries to stay by the law of inertia. The fluid to be retained comes out from the place where the fluid that is easily pushed by the fluid coming from behind is pushed first and is most likely to come out. In the steady state, all the fluids move and the raw water flows out from all the fluid passages regardless of the slight loss difference, but this is a problem when the fluid starts to move from the stopped state. When the fluid flows out from some of the fluid passage ports at the moment of starting movement, negative pressure is generated on the upstream side (primary side) of the fluid passage port in order to fill the space of the liquid that has flowed out. Due to the negative pressure, the fluid passage port where the water did not flow out sucks the surrounding water, and at that time, sucks the catalyst in the vicinity of the fluid passage port. This phenomenon cannot be avoided even with a fluid passage having a structure that takes into account the angle of repose of the catalyst.

  On the other hand, when the raw water supply state is stopped, the same suction phenomenon occurs. That is, when the raw water supply is suddenly stopped, for example, the fluid downstream from the closed valve or downstream from the pump continues to move according to the law of inertia. However, since the supply of raw water has stopped, it only moves with residual force. In addition, fluid is separated from the vicinity of the closed valve or pump by inertia, but since no raw water is supplied later, a negative pressure is generated from the vicinity of the closed valve or pump. Due to the negative pressure, a phenomenon in which the fluid flows backward occurs at the fluid passage port close to the closed valve or pump, and at that time, the catalyst in the vicinity of the fluid passage port is sucked. This phenomenon cannot be avoided even with a fluid passage having a structure that takes into consideration the angle of repose of the catalyst.

  The inventor of the present application can effectively increase or decrease the flow rate when starting or stopping the supply of raw water as a method for preventing the above-described phenomenon of sucking the filler into the fluid passage opening. I found out.

That is, according to the method of operating the upward flow reactor according to the present invention, the filler is filled above the fluid dispersing means having the fluid passages for supplying and distributing the fluid, and the size of the fluid passages is at least one. An upward flow type reactor having a structure larger than the size of the filler in the part, and at the start of supply of the fluid to be supplied into the filler from the fluid passage port, the supply amount is gradually increased, or When the supply of the fluid to be supplied into the filler from the fluid passage port is stopped, the supply amount is gradually reduced . Further, the gradual increase of the fluid supply amount is caused by all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion means at the start of fluid supply. In the state where the fluid or the filler is not sucked into the fluid dispersion means, and the gradual decrease in the supply amount of the fluid is the fluid or the filler in all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion means when the fluid supply is stopped. Is the fluid component It is characterized by a gradual decrease in a state that is not drawn into the unit. There are a plurality of fluid passage openings. In addition to the case where there are a plurality of nozzles having one fluid passage port, the plurality of fluid passage ports may include a plurality of fluid passage ports and a plurality of nozzles.
As in the present invention, if the flow rate is gradually increased at the start of fluid supply, the fluid starts to move gradually and the flow velocity is slow. Therefore, the fluid flow rate is almost equal regardless of the fluid passage port having a slight difference in pressure loss. It becomes possible to start the outflow. As a result, the generation of a local negative pressure can be prevented, and the backflow of the filler can be prevented.
Also, if the flow rate is gradually reduced when the fluid supply is stopped as in the present invention, the negative pressure that occurs when the fluid supply is suddenly stopped can be prevented, and the backflow of the packing can be prevented. can do.
As a further effect of gradually decreasing the flow rate when the fluid supply is stopped, the supply amount gradually decreases until the fluid supply is stopped, so that the packing that was moving upward can be gradually dropped, and Since the flow through which the fluid flows out is still held around the fluid passage port, the packing is difficult to deposit around the fluid passage port. Thereby, the backflow of the packing can be further prevented.

The water treatment apparatus according to the present invention includes a filler, a reactor filled with the filler, and a fluid passage port that is installed below the filler in the reactor and distributes and supplies the fluid. And a fluid dispersing means configured to make the size of the fluid passage opening larger than the size of at least a part of the filler, a flow rate adjusting means for gradually decreasing or gradually increasing the amount of liquid supplied to the fluid dispersing means, By controlling the flow rate adjusting means, the supply amount at the start of supplying the fluid to be supplied into the filler from the fluid passage port is set so that the fluid or the filler is supplied to the fluid dispersion means in all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion means. increased gradually with no drawn within, or the supply amount at the time of stopping supply of the fluid to be supplied into said filling material from said fluid passage opening, fluid or filler in all of the fluid passage port of the fluid distribution means before It is characterized by comprising a control means for gradually decreasing in a state which is not drawn into the fluid distribution means.
According to this water treatment device, as described above, it is possible to start outflow of fluid almost evenly at the start of fluid supply, regardless of the fluid passage port having a slight difference in pressure loss. Backflow can be prevented.
Moreover, according to this water treatment apparatus, as described above, when the fluid supply is stopped, it is possible to prevent the generation of negative pressure that occurs when the fluid supply is suddenly stopped, and the backflow of the packing can be prevented. .
In addition, when the fluid supply is stopped, the packing that has been moving upwardly gradually falls, and the fluid flows out around the fluid passage opening. It becomes difficult to accumulate around. Thereby, the backflow of the packing can be further prevented.

  According to the present invention, even when the supply of fluid is stopped or at the start of supply, a filler such as a catalyst falls (backward) into a fluid passage port of a fluid dispersion means such as a dispersion nozzle or a strainer. Can be prevented.

It is a whole schematic block diagram of the water treatment apparatus 1-1. 2 is a schematic plan view showing a disperser 20 installed in the lower part of the reactor main body 10. FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of a nozzle 25. FIG. It is a general | schematic control block diagram which shows the operation example of the upward flow type | mold reactor 1-1. It is a figure which shows the experimental result of the backflow state of the filler 30 at the time of the raw water supply start of each nozzle 25, and a raw water supply stop. It is a general | schematic control block diagram which shows the other example of an operation | movement of the upward flow type reactor 1-1. FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view showing a downward nozzle 25-2. It is a whole schematic block diagram of the water treatment apparatus 1-3. It is a whole schematic block diagram of the water treatment apparatus 1-4. It is a general | schematic control block diagram which shows the operation example of the upward flow type | mold reactor 1-4. It is a schematic plan view which shows the disperser 20-5 used for the water treatment apparatus 1-5.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a water treatment device 1-1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A water treatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “upward flow type reactor”) 1-1 shown in FIG. 1 is a catalyst contact tower used for treatment of manganese-containing water, and a reactor (hereinafter referred to as “reactor main body”) 10. A fluid dispersion means (hereinafter referred to as “disperser”) 20 having a plurality of fluid passage ports (holes of nozzles 25 described below) for supplying raw water (fluid) in a distributed manner is installed in the lower part of the inside. The filler 30 is filled with the filler 30. This upward flow reactor 1-1 is installed in a water purification plant or the like. The upward flow reactor 1-1 has a structure that does not have a filler support layer such as gravel that supports the filler 30 between the filler 30 and the disperser 20.

  The reactor main body 10 has a cylindrical shape, and a drainage channel 11 for discharging treated water (fluid) is provided at the upper part thereof. The drainage channel 11 introduces a fluid that overflows from the reactor body 10 and transfers the introduced fluid to the next processing step.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing a state in which the disperser 20 installed in the lower part of the reactor main body 10 is viewed from above. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the disperser 20 is configured by providing a number of nozzles 25 in a number of branch pipes 23 branched from the main pipe 21. Each nozzle 25 is provided with a small-diameter fluid passage, and is disposed substantially evenly over the entire surface near the bottom surface of the reactor main body 10. One or a plurality of fluid passage openings may be provided in each nozzle 25.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the main part in the vicinity of the nozzle 25. As shown in the figure, the nozzle 25 is attached to the upper part of the branch pipe 23 upward. The inner diameter of the fluid passage port of each nozzle 25 is 15 mm in this example. A conical umbrella portion 27 is installed at the top of the tip of each nozzle 25.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the filler 30 is a granular manganese catalyst (Mn sand) in this example, and has an effective diameter of 0.6 mm. The manganese catalyst has an action of precipitating manganese ions contained in the raw water as insoluble manganese and removing it from the raw water.

  A pipe 29 on the upstream side of the main pipe 21 of the disperser 20 is drawn to the outside of the reactor main body 10, and a valve 40 and a pump 50 are connected toward the upstream side. The pipe 29 and the main pipe 21 continuing to the pipe 29 are formed to have the same diameter. The opening / closing speed of the valve 40 is controlled by an actuator 41. The actuator 41 may be electric or pneumatic. The driving of the pump 50 is controlled by the electric motor 51. The rotation speed of the electric motor 51 is controlled by an inverter 53. In this example, a VVVF inverter is used as the inverter 53.

  Next, an example of an operation method of the upward flow reactor 1-1 will be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic control block diagram showing a control example of the operation method of the upward flow reactor 1-1. By controlling the opening / closing speed of the valve 40, supply at the start of supply of raw water and supply at the stop of supply Shows how to control the amount. As the valve 40 used in this example, for example, an electric valve having an actuator 41 as a motor or the like is used.

  First, in FIG. 4, when there is a start command for the upward flow reactor 1-1 (step 1-1), the pump 50 starts (step 1-2), and then the valve 40 is started. Open (step 1-3). Since the valve 40 is an electric valve, the opening speed can be adjusted. In the present embodiment, the speed at which the valve 40 opens is set at a speed of 1 m / s or less per second for the fluid passing through the main pipe 21 (the portion upstream of the branch pipe 23 branches, the same applies hereinafter) or the pipe 29. It is set to gradually increase with changes.

  FIG. 5 shows the case where the acceleration for gradually increasing or decreasing the raw water supplied from the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 into the reactor main body 10 through the nozzles 25 is changed at the time of starting the raw water supply and stopping the raw water supply. It is a figure which shows the result of having experimented whether the backflow of the filler 30 arises to the nozzle 25. FIG. As shown in the figure, when the gradually increasing speed (or gradually decreasing acceleration) of the fluid passing through the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 is 1 [(m / s) / s] or less, no backflow occurs in all the nozzles 25. It was. Further, when the gradually increasing speed (or gradually decreasing acceleration) was set to 1 [(m / s) / s] to 3 [(m / s) / s], a small amount of backflow occurred in some of the nozzles 25. Furthermore, when the gradually increasing speed (or gradually decreasing acceleration) was set to 3 [(m / s) / s] or more, a large amount of backflow occurred in some of the nozzles 25.

  In this embodiment, as described above, the speed of opening the valve 40 is set so that the fluid passing through the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 has a speed change of 1 m / s or less per second, that is, a gradually increasing speed of 1 [(m / s) / s] Since the following is set, no fluid back flow phenomenon occurs in all the nozzles 25. In other words, the speed at which the valve 40 opens is set so that the fluid is gradually increased while maintaining the state in which all the nozzles 25 of the disperser 20 do not suck the fluid into the disperser 20 at the start of supply of raw water. If a reverse flow phenomenon occurs, the filler 30 that has flowed back from the nozzle 25 accumulates in the lower part of the branch pipe 23 or the main pipe 21 and solidifies, obstructs the flow of the fluid, or reaches the valve 40 and hinders its opening / closing operation. However, in the present embodiment, these problems can be prevented.

  Returning to FIG. 4, after the valve 40 is completely opened, a predetermined supply amount of fluid is supplied from each nozzle 25 into the reactor main body 10, and normal operation of the upward flow reactor 1-1 is performed. (Step 1-4). Thereby, manganese ions in the raw water introduced into the reactor main body 10 are precipitated as insoluble manganese by the catalytic action of the filler 30 and are removed from the raw water. The treated water from which the manganese ions have been removed is discharged from the drainage channel 11 and transferred to the next treatment step.

  Next, when the stop of the upward flow reactor 1-1 is instructed (step 1-5), the valve 40 is started and closed (step 1-6). In this embodiment, the speed at which the valve 40 is closed is set so that the fluid passing through the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 gradually decreases with a speed change of 1 m / s or less per second. That is, since the gradually decreasing acceleration is set to 1 [(m / s) / s] or less, the fluid backflow phenomenon does not occur in all the nozzles 25. In other words, the speed at which the valve 40 is closed is set so that all the nozzles 25 of the disperser 20 gradually decrease while maintaining the state where the fluid is not sucked into the disperser 20 when the supply of raw water is stopped. Therefore, the backflow phenomenon does not occur at this time, and the possibility that the flow of fluid in the branch pipe 23 or the main pipe 21 is obstructed by the filler 30 or that the opening / closing operation of the valve 40 is hindered is prevented. it can.

  When it is confirmed that the valve 40 is fully closed (step 1-7), the pump 50 is stopped (step 1-8), and the operation of the upward flow reactor 1-1 is terminated.

  As described above, in the case of the above control example, the gradual increase or decrease of the raw water at the start of the raw water supply from each nozzle 25 and the stop of the raw water supply is controlled by the opening / closing speed of the valve 40. That is, in the case of the above example, the valve 40 is the flow rate adjusting means, and the actuator 41 is the control means. In the above example, the pump 50 may be started or stopped as usual.

  In addition, the actuator 40 may be controlled so that the valve 40 is operated slowly by inching the valve 40. Alternatively, a pneumatic valve with a speed controller may be used as the valve 40, and the valve 40 may be operated while adjusting the opening / closing speed of the valve.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic control block diagram showing another example of the operation method of the upward flow reactor 1-1, and the supply amount at the start and stop of supply of raw water is controlled by controlling the pump 50. Shows how. For example, a pneumatic valve is used as the valve 40 used in this example. The pneumatic valve has a fast opening and closing speed when no speed controller is used.

  First, in FIG. 6, when there is a start command for the upward flow reactor 1-1 (step 2-1), the valve 40 is opened and the output frequency of the inverter 53 is increased at a specified frequency acceleration rate. Then, the pump 50 is started. That is, at this time, the valve 40 is immediately fully opened, but since the motor 51 of the pump 50 is controlled by the inverter 53 so that the rotation speed is gradually increased, the discharge flow rate of the pump 50 is gradually increased. In this control example, an increase in the rotational speed of the electric motor 51 (that is, the rotational speed of the impeller of the pump 50) is increased so that the flow rate of the fluid passing through the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 becomes a speed change of 1 m / s or less per second. That is, since the gradual increase speed is controlled to be 1 [(m / s) / s] or less, the fluid back flow phenomenon does not occur in all the nozzles 25 as described above.

  Next, after the pump 50 is in a normal operation, a specified supply amount of fluid is ejected from the nozzles 25 into the reactor main body 10 and the upward flow reactor 1-1 is operated normally ( Step 2-3). Thereby, manganese ions in the raw water introduced into the reactor main body 10 are removed, and the treated water from which the manganese ions have been removed is discharged from the drainage channel 11 and transferred to the next treatment step.

  Next, when the stop of the upward flow reactor 1-1 is instructed (step 2-4), the output frequency of the inverter 53 decreases at a predetermined frequency deceleration rate. In this control example, the rotation speed of the electric motor 51 (that is, the rotation speed of the impeller of the pump 50) is decreased so that the flow velocity of the fluid passing through the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 changes at a speed of 1 m / s or less per second. That is, since the gradual decrease acceleration is controlled to be 1 [(m / s) / s] or less, the fluid back flow phenomenon does not occur in all the nozzles 25 as described above.

  When the stop of the pump 50 is confirmed (step 2-6), the valve 40 is closed simultaneously with the stop of the pump 50 (step 2-7), and the operation of the upward flow reactor 1-1 is finished. Alternatively, when the flow velocity of the fluid in the main pipe 21 or the pipe 29 is sufficiently reduced, the valve 40 may be closed before the pump 50 is stopped, and the pump 50 may be stopped after being fully closed.

  In the case of the above control example, the gradual increase or decrease of the raw water at the time when the raw water supply from each nozzle 25 is started and when the raw water supply is stopped is controlled by the operation state of the pump 50 (the rotation speed of the electric motor 51). That is, in the case of the above control example, the electric motor 51 is the flow rate adjusting means, and the inverter 53 is the control means. In the case of the above control example, the valve 40 may be opened and closed as usual. In some cases, a check valve may be installed instead of the valve 40, and the valve 40 may be omitted. Moreover, you may comprise so that the supply amount at the time of the supply start of raw | natural water and a supply stop may be controlled using both control by the said valve 40 and control by the pump 50. FIG.

  FIG. 7 is an enlarged side view of the main part of the vicinity of the downward nozzle 25-2 used in place of the upward nozzle 25 shown in FIG. The nozzle 25-2 shown in the figure is attached downward to the lower part of the branch pipe 23-2. The inner diameter of the fluid passage port of each nozzle 25-2 is 15 mm in this example, like the nozzle 25. The tip of each nozzle 25-2 projects in a conical shape (trumpet shape) downward. The present invention can be applied to such a downward nozzle 25-2. The items other than the nozzle 25-2 are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 8 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a water treatment device 1-3 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The water treatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “upward flow reactor”) 1-3 shown in FIG. 1 differs from the upward flow reactor 1-1 shown in FIG. The point which installed the filter floor board 60-3 with a nozzle. Since the configuration other than the filter bed plate 60-3 is the same as the configuration of the upward flow reactor 1-1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals (however, each reference numeral Subscript "-3"). Note that matters other than those described below are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  The filter bed 60-3 is installed in the vicinity of the bottom in the reactor main body 10-3 so as to partition the upper and lower sides thereof, and a large number of nozzles 25-3 are attached upward and substantially uniformly on the entire surface of the filter bed 60-3. It has been. The inner diameter of the fluid passage port of each nozzle 25-3 is 15 mm, similar to the nozzle 25. Also in this example, the cone-shaped umbrella part 27-3 is installed in the upper part of the front-end | tip of each nozzle 25-3.

  Also in the upward flow reactor 1-3 configured in this way, the same control method as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 is used, and in the same manner as the upward flow reactor 1-1, the pipe 29- The supply amount at the start and stop of supply of the fluid passing through 3 is a speed change of 1 m / s or less per second, that is, a gradually increasing speed and a gradually decreasing acceleration are 1 [(m / s) / s] or less, In all the nozzles 25-3, the backflow phenomenon of the fluid can be prevented.

  FIG. 9 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a water treatment device 1-4 according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The water treatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “upward flow reactor”) 1-4 shown in FIG. 1 is different from the upward flow reactor 1-1 shown in FIG. It is the point which comprised so that raw water might be supplied in the reactor main body 10-4 by natural flow, without installing an electric motor and an inverter. Therefore, the valve 40-4 is connected to the pipe 29-4, and the water source 70-4 having a higher water level than the fluid level in the reactor main body 10-4 is connected to the upstream side of the pipe 29-4. Has been. Since the configuration other than the above is the same as the configuration of the upward flow reactor 1-1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals (however, each reference numeral is a subscript) "-4" is attached). Note that matters other than those described below are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  Next, an example of the operation method of the upward flow reactor 1-4 will be described. FIG. 10 is a schematic control block diagram showing one control example of the operation method of the upward flow reactor 1-4, and the raw water supply start time and supply stop time are controlled by controlling the opening / closing speed of the valve 40-4. A method for controlling the supply amount is shown. The valve 40-4 used in this example is also an electric valve using an actuator 41-4 as a motor, for example.

  First, in FIG. 10, when there is a start command for the upward flow reactor 1-4 (step 4-1), the valve 40-4 is started to open (step 4-2). Since the valve 40-4 is a motor-operated valve, the opening speed thereof can be adjusted (for example, when the power is turned on and off). For example, the opening speed can be adjusted so that the fluid passing through the main pipe 21-4 or the pipe 29-4 is per second. It is gradually increased with a speed change of 1 m / s or less. Thereby, as described above, the backflow at the start of fluid supply does not occur in all the nozzles 25-4.

  After the valve 40-4 is completely opened, the normal operation of the upward flow reactor 1-4 is performed (step 4-3), whereby the raw water introduced into the reactor main body 10-4 Manganese ions are precipitated as insoluble manganese by the catalytic action of the filler 30-4 and removed from the raw water. The treated water from which manganese ions have been removed is discharged from the drainage channel 11-4 and transferred to the next treatment step.

  Next, when the stop of the upward flow reactor 1-4 is instructed (step 4-4), the valve 40-4 is started to close (step 4-5). And in this embodiment, the speed which the said valve 40-4 closes is made to gradually reduce gradually the fluid which passes the main pipe 21-4 or the piping 29-4 with the speed change of 1 m / s or less per second. As a result, as described above, no backflow occurs when the fluid supply is stopped in all the nozzles 25-4. Thereafter, the valve 40-4 is fully closed, and the operation of the upward flow reactor 1-4 is completed.

  As described above, also in this example, the gradual increase and decrease of the raw water when the raw water supply from each nozzle 25-4 is started and when the raw water supply is stopped is controlled by the opening / closing speed of the valve 40-4. That is, also in this example, the valve 40-4 is a flow rate adjusting means, and the actuator 41-4 is a control means.

  Note that the valve 40-4 may be controlled to operate slowly by inching the valve 40-4 with the actuator 41-4. Alternatively, a pneumatic valve with a speed controller may be used as the valve 40-4, and the valve 40-4 may be operated while adjusting the opening / closing speed of the valve with the speed controller. Further, a flow meter and an automatic valve (including an electric type and a pneumatic type) may be used to control to increase or decrease the flow rate of the raw water by a certain amount while feeding back the flow rate measured by the flow meter.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a state in which the disperser 20-5 of the reactor main body 10-5 of the water treatment device 1-5 according to still another embodiment of the present invention is viewed from above. The water treatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “upward flow reactor”) 1-5 shown in FIG. 1 is different from the upward flow reactor 1-1 shown in FIG. Only the structure. Since the configuration other than the disperser 20-5 is the same as the configuration of the upward flow reactor 1-1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals (however, each reference numeral Subscript "-5" is added). Note that matters other than those described below are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  In the disperser 20-5, a plurality of (three in the figure) main pipes 21-5 are connected to the downstream side of the pipe 29-5 so as to branch, and a plurality of branch pipes are connected to the branched main pipes 21-5. 23-5 is connected, and each branch pipe 23-5 is provided with a number of nozzles 25-5. In this example, the inner diameter of the pipe 29-5 is made larger than the inner diameter of each main pipe 21-5, whereby the flow velocity of the fluid passing through the pipe 29-5 and the flow velocity of the fluid passing through each main pipe 21-5 are set. , Both are made to be almost the same.

  Also in the upward flow reactor 1-5 configured in this way, the same control method as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 is used, and in the same manner as the upward flow reactor 1-1, the pipe 29- 5 (or main pipe 21-5), the supply amount at the start and stop of supply of the fluid is changed to a speed change of 1 m / s or less per second, that is, a gradually increasing speed and a gradually decreasing acceleration being 1 [(m / s) / s By making the following, the fluid backflow phenomenon can be prevented in all the nozzles 25-5.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims and the specification and drawings. Is possible. Note that any shape or structure not directly described in the specification and drawings is within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention as long as the effects and advantages of the present invention are achieved. For example, in each of the above upward flow type reactors, a protruding nozzle is used as the fluid passage port. However, for example, the fluid passage port may be configured only by providing an opening in a pipe or a filter bed (partition plate). .

  Further, in each of the above upflow reactors, the inner diameter of the fluid passage is considerably larger than the particle size of the filler, but the size of the fluid passage is at least the size of the filler. Any structure that is larger than the size of some of the fillers may be used. That is, the filler may include a filler having a size that cannot pass through the fluid passage port.

  In each of the above upflow reactors, the supply amount is gradually increased or decreased both when the supply of the fluid supplied from the fluid passage port into the filler is started and when the supply is stopped. The present invention may be applied only at either time or when supply is stopped.

  In each of the above upflow reactor examples, a manganese catalyst is used as a filler. However, other various catalysts may be used, and various fillers other than the catalyst (for example, ion exchange resin, microorganism adhesion carrier, Activated carbon or the like may be used. That is, the present invention is not limited to water treatment, and can also be used for sewage treatment, wastewater treatment in factories, and the like. For example, when a carrier carrying an aerobic microorganism group or the like is used as the filler, an aerator or an aeration device may be provided.

  As the flow rate adjusting means, any flow rate adjusting means other than the motor or valve of the pump may be used as long as the supply amount of the fluid supplied to the fluid dispersing means (disperser) is gradually reduced or increased. As the control means, the flow rate adjusting means is controlled so that the supply amount at the start of the supply of the fluid supplied from the fluid passage port into the filler is gradually increased to a specified supply amount, or from the fluid passage port to the filler. Control means other than the inverter and the actuator of the valve may be used as long as the supply amount at the time of stopping the supply of the fluid to be supplied is stopped while gradually decreasing.

1-1, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 Upflow reactor (water treatment device)
10, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 Reactor body (reactor)
11, 11-3, 11-4 Drainage channel 20, 20-4, 20-5 Disperser (fluid dispersion means)
21, 21-4, 21-5 Main pipe (fluid flow path)
23, 23-2, 23-4, 23-5 Branch pipe 25, 25-2, 25-3, 25-4, 25-5 Nozzle (liquid passage port)
27, 27-3, 27-4 Umbrella 29, 29-3, 29-4, 29-5 Piping (fluid flow path)
30, 30-2, 30-3, 30-4 Filler 40, 40-3, 40-4, 40-5 Valve (flow rate adjusting means)
41, 41-3, 41-4 Actuator (control means)
50, 50-3 Pump 51, 51-3 Electric motor (flow rate adjusting means)
53, 53-3 Inverter (control means)
60-3 Filter bed 70-4 Water source

Claims (2)

Filling a filler above the fluid dispersing means having fluid passages for supplying and distributing fluid;
And preparing an upward flow reactor having a structure in which the size of the fluid passage port is larger than the size of at least a part of the filler,
At the start of supplying the fluid to be supplied into the filler from the fluid passage port, gradually increase the supply amount,
Or when the supply of fluid to be supplied into the filler from the fluid passage port is stopped, the supply amount is gradually reduced ,
Further, the gradual increase in the fluid supply amount is a gradual increase in a state where no fluid or filler is sucked into the fluid dispersion means at all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion means at the start of fluid supply,
The gradual decrease in the fluid supply amount is a gradual decrease in a state where no fluid or filler is sucked into the fluid dispersion means at all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion means when the fluid supply is stopped. Operation method of counterflow reactor. Filling material,
A reactor filled with the filler;
A fluid installed below the packing material in the reactor, having a fluid passage port for supplying fluid in a dispersed manner, and having a size larger than that of at least a part of the packing material. A dispersion means;
A flow rate adjusting means for gradually decreasing or gradually increasing the amount of liquid supplied to the fluid dispersing means;
The flow rate adjusting means is controlled so that the supply amount of the fluid supplied from the fluid passage port into the filler is started , and the fluid or filler is dispersed in all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion unit. The fluid or the filler is supplied to all the fluid passage ports of the fluid dispersion means by gradually increasing the fluid in the state where the fluid is not sucked into the device , or when the supply amount of the fluid supplied from the fluid passage port to the filler is stopped. Control means for gradually reducing the fluid dispersion means without being sucked into the fluid dispersion means ;
A water treatment apparatus comprising:

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