JP6196491B2 - Rotating shaft unit of recombination-type astronomical telescope and recombination-type astronomical telescope - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an astronomical telescope, and more specifically, a rotary axis unit and a reconfigurable astronomical telescope that can be changed into a telescope type according to an observation purpose by dividing the telescope into constituent members and combining them. About.

  The astronomical telescope mount is composed of two axes: a polar axis parallel to the rotation axis of the earth and a declination axis perpendicular to it, and an equator that tracks the celestial object by rotating the polar axis. There is a barrel base for tracking astronomical objects by moving in two directions. German, folk, York, British, horseshoe, etc. are known as the types of equatorial mounts, but the most popular German astronomers are structurally robust German equatorial mounts. It is.

  Both the equatorial mount and the pedestal stand rotate two orthogonal axes, either manually or electrically, to accurately point the installed observation device to the target celestial body. The motorized one automatically introduces a target celestial body into the field of view of the observation apparatus, and then automatically tracks the target celestial body that moves due to the rotation of the earth by motor control so that it does not deviate from the field of view of the observation apparatus.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of tracking the equator. P is the celestial north pole, Z is the zenith, e is the celestial equator, r is the movement of the celestial body by rotation, and EWSN is the direction of east, west, south, and north.

  The equatorial mount EM is such that the celestial axis α is directed to the celestial north pole P and the observation device a is mounted on the declination axis δ orthogonal to the celestial axis P. As the astronomical telescope is simple and low-cost, it is only necessary to slightly rotate the red meridian axis α according to the rotation r of the earth. Become. Recently, operation control is mainly performed by a microcomputer or a simple electronic circuit. However, since the control device is simple, in the past, it has been tracking by rotating the red meridian axis α with a mechanical device called an operation clock.

  FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the tracking of the background. P is the celestial north pole, Z is the zenith, e is the celestial equator, r is the movement of the celestial body by rotation, and EWSN is the direction of east, west, south, and north.

  The pedestal stand CM has an azimuth axis A directed to the zenith Z and an observation device a placed on an altitude axis h orthogonal thereto, and the field of view of the observation device a is adjusted to the altitude / azimuth angle of the target celestial body s. When introduced and continuously tracked, the movement of the altitude axis h and the azimuth axis A must be controlled while being sequentially calculated, so that advanced arithmetic control by a computer is required. Further, when tracking a celestial body that passes through the zenith Z, the azimuth axis A requires a rapid rotation, and therefore there is a problem that a range in which the movement of the celestial body cannot be followed slightly occurs.

  However, since the azimuth axis is always horizontal and mechanically stable in the gratitude table type, many large telescopes such as the National Astronomical Observatory class giant telescopes and public observatory around the world adopt this method. On the other hand, advanced computing control has become possible recently due to the small size, high performance, and low price of computers, and the pedestal astronomical telescope for amateurs is also commercially available. Among them, there is a method in which a graticule is attached to a tilting table and diverted to an equator, and control is switched by software.

  The astronomical telescope mount type is composed of a two-axis mechanism and an inclined or horizontal base, which are orthogonal to each other, but most of the commercially available types are designed with one two-axis unit. Yes, users currently select and use a variety of designs and specifications provided by each company that suit their individual observational purposes.

  However, since there is a need for users to make it easy to use according to the purpose of observation, the equatorial ceremonial frame is disassembled into a tilting base unit, an ecliptic axis unit, a declination axis unit, an observation equipment mounting unit, etc. System equatorial mounts that provide the above independently are commercially available (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). These are a combination of commercial units and hand-held equipment depending on the observation purpose, so it is relatively close to the specifications that match the user's purpose, but the German style that supports the lens barrel by the other end of the declination axis that intersects the polar axis Since it is limited to the equator, it was not considered to arrange it on a fork-type equator or a pedestal that supports the telescope with two arms.

Internet article "Wikipedia System Telescope" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E6%9C%9B % E9% 81% A0% E9% 8F% A1) Internet article “Wikipedia Goto Optical Laboratory Mark X” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%97%A4%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6% E7% A0% 94% E7% A9% B6% E6% 89% 80% E3% 83% BB% E3% 83% 9E% E3% 83% BC% E3% 82% AFX) Internet article "List of telescope products from Wikipedia Takahashi Works" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6 % 89% 80% E3% 81% AE% E6% 9C% 9B% E9% 81% A0% E9% 8F% A1% E8% A3% BD% E5% 93% 81% E4% B8% 80% E8% A6 % A7)

  The purpose of astronomical observation with amateur astronomical telescopes is very wide ranging from mere starry sky observation and photography to academic observation. Necessary observation equipment has become high performance due to the development of digital technology, and it is progressing day by day to satisfy the purpose of observation, but telescope mounts equipped with them are integrated by each manufacturer mainly for mounting their own barrels. There was a limit to the arrangement of the pedestal so that the user could load his / her equipment according to the observation purpose.

  There are several types of equatorial mounts in the past because it has changed to a form that is easy to observe depending on the purpose of observation and the installed latitude. However, as mentioned above, there are many German equator models that are commercially available, and it is almost impossible to change to an optimal format that suits the purpose of observation, and there are limits to the system equator that can be arranged relatively flexibly.

  By the way, most of the recent astronomical telescope observation devices, such as a cooled CCD camera, take in observation data into a computer and process it, and most of them are computers installed near or remotely from a gantry. It is designed to be connected with a cable. However, since most of the commercially available mounts do not take into account the route for passing those cables, there is a problem that when a celestial body is introduced at a high speed or when tracking is performed for a long time, it is caught by a protrusion or entangled. there were. In particular, the remote operation did not notice the malfunction and could cause fatal damage to the telescope and observation equipment.

  The invention of the present application was created in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and two common sets that can freely change the form of the astronomical telescope mount by rearranging them according to the purpose of the observatory and the purpose of observation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary axis unit of the above and a reconfigurable astronomical telescope using the rotary axis unit.

  That is, the rotary shaft unit of the present invention includes a bearing housing 5 and a rotary shaft body 1 that is supported by the bearing housing 5 by a built-in power mechanism and whose upper end surface is exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing. The shaft body 1 has a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion 14, and through holes 16 and 10 communicating with the hollow portion 14 are provided on the bottom surface and end surface of the bearing housing 5, and the rotating shaft body 1 exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing 5. And the bottom surface and the end surface of the bearing housing are used as mounting surfaces for the optical member or support member constituting the astronomical telescope, and fixing means t1, t2, and t3 are provided.

  The reconfigurable astronomical telescope of the present invention comprises a bearing housing 5 and a rotating shaft body 1 that is supported by the bearing housing 5 by a built-in power mechanism and whose upper end surface is exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing. The rotary shaft body 1 has a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion 14, and through holes 16 and 10 communicating with the hollow portion 14 are provided on the bottom surface and end surface of the bearing housing 5, and the rotary shaft body exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing 5. 1 and the bottom surface and end surface of the bearing housing are used as mounting surfaces for optical members or support members constituting the astronomical telescope, and each member is provided by two rotary shaft units X and Y provided with fixing means t1, t2, and t3. Can be connected in a format suitable for the purpose of observation.

  Further, the reconfigurable astronomical telescope according to claim 3 is an end face of the rotary shaft 1 that is exposed from the top surface of one rotary shaft unit X on one surface of a flat main body as a support member in the above-described reconfigurable astronomical telescope. Can be fixed, and the end surface of the other rotary shaft unit Y can be fixed to the other surface, thereby connecting the two rotary shaft units X and Y so that the rotary shaft bodies 1 are orthogonal to each other. The multiplate 17 is prepared.

  Further, the reconfigurable astronomical telescope according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the reconfigurable astronomical telescope, the hollow portion 14 of the rotating shaft 1 is used as a transmission line and a light guide tube.

  Further, the reconfigurable astronomical telescope according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the reconfigurable astronomical telescope, the rotary shaft units X and Y have a waterproof structure.

  The rotary shaft unit X (Y) in the present invention has an end surface of the rotary shaft body 1 exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing 5, a bottom surface of the bearing housing perpendicular to the rotary shaft body 1, and an end surface parallel to the rotary shaft body 1. As the mounting surface of the optical member or support member constituting the telescope is used, the two rotary shaft units X and Y are connected to each other using the multi-plate 17 so that the rotary shaft bodies 1 are orthogonal to each other, and the extension described later Various forms can be obtained by rearranging the blocks 17a, the tilting table 18, the horizontal table 18a, etc. into an optimum shape. In other words, if the X-axis is directed to the celestial North Pole, it becomes an equatorial mount, and if it is directed to the zenith along the vertical line, it becomes a scale.

  In addition, since the rotating shaft 1 of the rotating shaft unit X (Y) is made hollow, the observation equipment and the drive shaft control cable can be secured by securing a transmission line in the multiplate 17 and the extension block 17a described later. It can be passed through the frame.

  The mechanism element of the rotary shaft unit X (Y) is composed of a rotary shaft body, a numerically controllable motor, a speed reducer, a main gear train for driving the rotary shaft body, and a bearing housing 5 incorporating them, which are used for the X axis. In this case, the mechanism element and the reduction ratio are all the same regardless of whether the frame is used for the Y-axis or the frame type is changed. On the other hand, when the rotary axis unit X (Y) equator or the pedestal is used properly, it is handled by changing the control parameters so that optimal two-axis control can be performed.

  The reconfigurable astronomical telescope of the present invention makes it possible to freely configure the arrangement of two orthogonal axes by separating and sharing the respective rotary axis units, and the units can be rearranged according to the needs of the observer. If so, an astronomical telescope of the optimum format for observation purposes can be provided. In addition, by sharing the unit, it is possible to provide a low-cost and highly reliable astronomical telescope that is compatible with cost and accuracy.

  On the other hand, the rotating shaft body has a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion, and a through-hole communicating with the hollow portion is provided in the bearing housing, so that a passage for the rotating shaft unit and the mounting part is secured. It is possible to pass the control cable through the frame. As a result, not only the appearance will be beautiful, but also the problem that the cable will rotate while hanging down in the movable range of the telescope and it will be caught or entangled during driving is eliminated, and a telescope that can be used safely even in remote operation is realized Is done.

  Furthermore, since the rotating shaft body of the rotating shaft unit has a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion, and a through hole communicating with the hollow portion is provided on the bottom surface of the bearing housing, the hollow portion is used as a light guide tube, and a coupe type And Nasmyth optical systems. In addition, since this rotating shaft unit can be easily incorporated with a waterproof function, a domeless telescope using a coupe or Nasmyth optical system can be configured, and applied to an astronomical telescope system for display at the Science Museum. This contributes to the expansion of applications as an astronomical telescope.

Equatorial tracking concept. Conceptual tracking concept diagram. The partially cutaway front view of the rotating shaft unit of this invention. FIG. Same as above, left side view. Same as above, right side view. The block diagram of the recombination-type astronomical telescope which uses the rotating shaft unit of this invention. The side view of the recombination-type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the German-type equatorial mount. The partial notch side view of the recombination type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the coupe type equatorial mount. The side view of the recombination type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the cantilever fork type graticule. The side view of the recombination type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the cantilever fork type equator. The partial notch side view of the recombination-type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the Nasmis-type theft. The partially cutaway side view of the recombination type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the heliostat type graduation stand. The partial notch side view of the recombination type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as the heliostat type equatorial mount. The block diagram of the control circuit of a rotating shaft unit. The perspective view before the assembly which shows the concept of the assembly of each member in the case of comprising a German-type equatorial mount using the rotating shaft unit of this invention. The perspective view after an assembly same as the above. The perspective view before the assembly which shows the concept of the assembly of each member in the case of comprising a cantilever type equatorial mount using the rotating shaft unit of this invention. The perspective view after an assembly same as the above. The partially notched side view which shows the state which passed the cable in the recombination type astronomical telescope which used the rotating shaft unit of this invention as a German-type equatorial mount.

  Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 3-6 is a figure which shows the rotating shaft unit X (Y) of this invention. This rotary shaft unit has a basic configuration in which a rotary shaft body 1 driven by a power mechanism built in the bearing housing 5 is supported.

  The rotary shaft body 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion 14 therein, and its upper end surface is exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing 5, and this hollow portion communicates with a through hole 16 provided in the bottom surface of the bearing housing 5. . In addition, through holes 10 and 10 communicating with the hollow portion 14 are also provided on end surfaces of the bearing housing 5 (here, two end surfaces 11 and 12 facing each other). As described above, the communication path can be used as a cable line or a light guide tube.

  In this embodiment, the bearing housing 5 is formed in a flat rectangular parallelepiped, and the bottom surface excluding the top surface and the front, rear, left and right end surfaces can be used as mounting surfaces for optical members or support members constituting the astronomical telescope. These mounting surfaces are provided with a fixing means for that purpose, and screw holes t2 and t3 serving as fixing means are shown in the front and rear end faces 11 and 12 in FIGS. Of course, the location of the fixing means is not limited to these. In this embodiment, angular bosses 11A and 12A for attachment to other members are projected from the central portions of the front and rear end surfaces 11 and 12, respectively. By making the pitches of the end faces 11 and 12 and the screw holes t2 and t3 to be the same size, the rotary shaft unit can be used in the vertical and horizontal directions. On the other hand, the end surface of the rotary shaft 1 exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing 5 is also used as a mounting surface for the optical member or support member constituting the astronomical telescope, and shows a screw hole t1 serving as a fixing means. Yes. In this embodiment, a circular boss 1A for attachment to another member is provided in a central portion of the end face of the rotary shaft 1 so as to be concentric with the rotation center.

  The rotating shaft body 1 is held in a bearing housing 5 via two pairs of bearings 2. These bearings 2 are preloaded in the thrust direction by a worm wheel 3 fixed to the rotary shaft 1 in combination with the back surface, and prevent variations in shaft accuracy caused by changing the attitude of the telescope. The rotation angle of the rotary shaft 1 is controlled by reducing the rotation of the stepping motor 8 with the gear head 7, transmitting it to the worm gear 4 through the transmission gear 6, and rotating the worm wheel 3 meshed with the worm gear 4.

  The bearing housing 5 incorporates a controller / driver 9 for receiving a position command from a computer and controlling the rotation of the stepping motor 8. The stepping motor 8 can be replaced with a servo motor.

  As described above, the rotary shaft body 1 has the hollow portion 14, and the cable 15 for the observation equipment or electrical device attached on the shaft can be passed through the through hole 10 provided on the end surface of the bearing housing 5. 10 is finally connected to a power source, a controller, etc. from under the gantry.

  From the above structural features, if the rotating shaft body 1 and the bearing housing 5 are made waterproof, and the mounting portion of each unit is waterproofed, examples of the heliostat type shown in FIGS. It is also possible to use it outdoors without requiring a building.

  FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing the association among the rotation axis unit, the optical member, and the support member of the reconfigurable astronomical telescope using the rotation axis unit of the present invention. Basically, the rotary shaft unit X and the rotary shaft unit Y are attached by the multiplate 17 so that the rotary shaft bodies 1 are orthogonal to each other. A main telescope 20 is attached to the rotary shaft unit Y via a support member that fits the rotary shaft body 1, and an observation device 21 such as an eyepiece 21a or a camera 21b, or a sub telescope 22 is attached to the main telescope 20 depending on the purpose of observation. Install. In addition, in the case of further expansion, an auxiliary observation device 23 such as a camera can be mounted on the opposite side of the main telescope 20. Whether the auxiliary observation device 23 is mounted on the rotary shaft 1 of the rotary shaft unit Y and rotated together with the main telescope 20 or is attached to the mounting surface 13 on the bottom side of the bearing housing 5 and rotated together with the rotary shaft unit X is an observation purpose. You can use it properly depending on the type.

  In this case, in order to make the equator, the rotation axis unit X is set to the ecliptic axis α, and is attached to the inclination unit 18 and fixed to the pillar unit 19 in order to adjust the inclination to the latitude of the observation site. The tilt unit 18 has a fork-shaped support arm for holding the rotary shaft unit X in a swingable manner on the upper surface and fixing it at a desired angle, and a lower surface serving as a mounting surface for the pillar unit 19. It is made up of. The pillar unit 19 changes to various platforms and observation rooms that share the tilt table 18.

  In order to use the graduation platform, the rotation axis unit X is set to the azimuth axis A, and is attached to the horizontal platform 18 a and fixed to the pillar unit 19. The horizontal base 18 a has a configuration in which the upper surface is an attachment surface to the rotary shaft unit X and the lower surface is an attachment surface to the pillar unit 19.

  16-19 is a figure for demonstrating the detail of the supporting member which makes the multiplate 17 the core in the recombination type astronomical telescope of this invention, and FIG. 16 is each figure in the case of comprising a German type equatorial mount. 17 is a perspective view after assembling, FIG. 18 is a perspective view before assembling each member when constituting a cantilevered equator, and FIG. 19 is a perspective view after assembling. .

  The multi-plate 17 is a support member for connecting the two rotary shaft units X and Y so that the rotary shaft bodies 1 are orthogonal to each other. From the top surface of one rotary shaft unit X to one surface of the flat main body. The exposed end surface of the rotary shaft 1 can be fixed, and the end surface of the other rotary shaft unit Y can be fixed to the other surface. The multi-plate 17 and the rotary shaft units X and Y are fixed by screwing the screw shafts t1, t2, and t3 on the mounting surface of the rotary shaft unit. The through hole 17X into which the circular boss 1A on the end face of the rotary shaft 1 of the rotary shaft unit can be fitted, and the square bosses 11A, 12A on the front and rear end faces 11, 12 of the rotary shaft unit are fitted on the surface of the multi-plate. By providing the possible groove 17Y, positioning support at the time of attachment and prevention of deviation after the attachment are achieved. Note that the through hole 17X uses the cable 15 as shown in FIG. 17 and the hollow portion 14 of the rotating shaft as the light guide as shown in FIGS. 5 to 6 and 12 to 14 described later. It also functions as a communication path when doing so.

  16 to 17, the circular boss 1A on the end surface of the rotary shaft 1 of the rotary shaft unit X oriented in the X-axis direction is fitted into the through hole 17X from the back side of the multi-plate 17 and fixed. The multiplate rotates while being loaded on the rotary shaft 1 of the rotary shaft unit X. On the other hand, the angular boss 11A of the end surface 11 of the rotary shaft unit Y facing in the Y-axis direction is fitted into the groove 17Y from the surface side of the multiplate 17 and fixed, and the end surface of the rotary shaft body 1 of the rotary shaft unit Y is fixed. Is fixed to the telescope 20, the telescope is rotated in the Y direction by the rotary shaft unit Y that rotates in the X direction by the multi-plate 17. Here, the concave portion along the lens barrel surface of the telescope 20 is provided on one surface, and a hole in which the circular boss 1A on the end surface of the rotary shaft 1 of the rotary shaft unit Y can be fitted is provided on the other surface. The rotating shaft body of the rotating shaft unit and the telescope are fixed via an attachment adapter. Further, in order to maintain the squareness and rigidity of the multi-plate 17 and the rotary shaft unit Y, the bottom surface side of the right triangle-shaped auxiliary block 17c is the surface of the multi-plate, and the vertical side is the rotary shaft via the flat plate 17d. It is fixed to the bottom of the unit. Further, a balance weight 17b is attached to the other end of the multi-plate 17 in order to balance the rotation of all units loaded on the rotary shaft unit X.

  In FIGS. 16 to 17, a German equator is constructed, whereas in FIGS. 18 to 19, a cantilever equator is constructed. In this case, the telescope 20 supported by the rotary shaft 1 of the rotary shaft unit Y is positioned above the multi-plate 17 inside the rotary shaft unit, but in the Y direction at the height of the rotary shaft unit alone. The multiplate enters the turning radius of the rotating telescope and collides. Therefore, here, an extension block 17a having a groove having the same width as the groove 17Y of the multi-plate 17 on the upper surface and a boss having the same shape as the angular boss 11A of the end surface 11 of the rotary shaft unit Y is provided on the lower surface. The rotary shaft unit Y is attached to the front surface side of the multi-plate 17 through.

  Next, examples of the reconfigurable astronomical telescope of the present invention, which are reconfigured in various forms by the functions enumerated so far, will be introduced.

  In FIG. 8, the rotary shaft unit X and the rotary shaft unit Y are connected by a multi-plate 17, a balance weight 17b is attached to the multi-plate, the rotary shaft unit X is fixed to the tilt unit 18, and the worm wheel 3 of the rotary shaft unit X This is an example of a German equator with a polar axis telescope 25 mounted on the same axis. In this example, a refracting telescope is used as the main telescope 20, but a reflecting telescope may be used as shown in FIGS.

FIG. 9 shows a modification of the German equatorial mount. The multi-plate 17 and the rotary shaft unit Y are connected by an optical block 28x, and an optical block 28y combined with the main telescope 20 is attached to the rotary shaft unit Y. A coupe type equator in which the X and Y hollow holes 14 are used as light guide tubes, the light beam 29 of the main telescope 20 is bent at right angles by the reflecting mirrors 26 and 27, and the eyepiece 21a is attached to the axis of the rotary shaft unit X. An example of a ceremony. Since this method does not move the eyepiece part 21a due to the movement of the telescope, the position 36 of the observer's eyes can be fixed, and is useful when, for example, a disabled person or the like observes with a wheelchair. Conventionally, since it was a very expensive telescope, it was not popular, but if it is rearranged as a variation of the present invention, it can be provided at low cost.

  FIG. 10 is an example of a cantilever fork type graticule in which the rearranged unit as shown in FIGS. 18 to 19 is fixed to the pillar unit 19 with a horizontal base 18a and the main telescope 20 is equipped with a Cassegrain type reflective telescope.

  FIG. 11 shows an example of a cantilevered fork type equator in which the rotary shaft unit X of FIG. This is also an example in which a digital single lens reflex camera is attached as an auxiliary observation device 23 on the axis of the worm wheel 3 of the rotary shaft unit Y. If this form is an equatorial mount, the top heavy will be in an unbalanced state, so it is better to fix the pillar unit 19 firmly to the installation surface or use a tripod type with a wide installation surface as shown in FIG. .

  In FIG. 12, the multiplate 17 and the rotary shaft unit Y are connected by the Nasmyth unit 28n, the optical block 28y combined with the main telescope 20 is attached to the rotary shaft unit Y, and the hollow hole 14 of the rotary shaft unit Y is guided through the light guide tube. This is an example of the Nasmyth-type theodolite that bends the light beam 29 of the main telescope 20 at a right angle by the reflecting mirror 26 and guides the light beam 29 to the auxiliary observation device 23 at the Nasmyth focus.

  If the reflecting mirror 27 is rotated 45 degrees, the light flux 29 is further bent at a right angle, and the hollow hole 14 of the rotating shaft unit X is used as a light guide tube to form an image at the coupe focal point, the observation device 21 performs multipurpose observation. Can do. For example, it is conceivable to switch between spectroscopic / photometric observation of stars, solar surface observation with a solar telescope, or image acquisition with a cooled CCD. In this case, the pedestal corresponding to the pillar unit 19 may also serve as an observation room, and exhibits power in a science museum or an open observatory.

In FIG. 13, the multi-plate 17 and the rotary shaft unit Y are connected by an optical block 28x, the optical block 28y is attached to the rotary shaft unit Y, and the hollow hole 14 of the rotary shaft unit XY is used as a light guide tube. This is an example of a heliostat type graduation table in which the light beam 29 is bent at right angles by the reflecting mirrors 26 and 27 and the observation device 21 is attached to the axis of the rotary shaft unit X.

  Further, FIG. 14 shows that the rotating shaft unit X is directed to the celestial north pole P, is attached to the waterproof slope 19 and installed on the building rooftop 36, and the luminous flux 29 is guided from the light guide hole 37 to the downstairs separate room by the reflecting mirror 33. This is an example of a domeless heliostat type equator. The wiring of the control system of the rotary shaft units X and Y is connected to the distribution box 38 via an expansion / contraction part 39 that freely moves according to the rotation of the red meridian axis α.

  The heliostat type is characterized in that the light beam 29 is guided to the observation device 21 by parallel light, and the light beam 29 of the main telescope 20 is separated into a plurality of pieces by a half mirror or the like in the observation device 21, and a plurality of observations can be performed simultaneously. . Further, if the light beam 29 is guided to a separate room as parallel light by the additional reflecting mirror 33, it can be used as a multipurpose observation system. For example, the illuminance of the light beam 26 is high in the sun, and the usable illuminance can be maintained even if it is separated into a plurality of parts.

  FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a control circuit of the rotary shaft unit. Commercially-used astronomical software such as a personal computer planetarium operating on a control computer 35 can be used as the two-axis controller 34 for controlling the reconfigurable astronomical telescope composed of the rotary axis units X and Y. That is, the absolute values (α, δ) of the longitude and declination of the specified target celestial body are interpreted by the X-axis / Y-axis pulse conversion block, and the X-axis (red longitude axis α) and Y-axis (declination axis δ) ) Is applied to the stepping motor drivers 9X and 9Y. When using the telescope as a pedestal, change the equator / satellite mode to the pedestal mode. In this case, the absolute values (α, δ) of ascension and declination are sent to the coordinate conversion block and converted into the absolute values (h, A) of the azimuth and altitude, and the values are converted into X-axis and Y-axis pulses. Interpreted by the block, a pulse amount corresponding to the angle between the X axis (red meridian axis α) and the Y axis (declination axis δ) is given to the stepping motor drivers 9X and 9Y.

  FIG. 20 is a view showing a state in which a cable is passed through a reconfigurable astronomical telescope having a German equator using the rotary shaft unit of the present invention. The cables of the observation device 21 attached to the main telescope 20 or the cables of the sub telescope 22 and the auxiliary observation device 23 are passed through the rotary shaft units X and Y and passed through the pillar unit 19 to supply power, controllers for each observation equipment, etc. Connected to. The control system wiring of the rotary shaft units X and Y is also connected to the control device along the same path. If the observer operates the telescope while observing, the line of the hand controller 40 may be branched.

X Rotating shaft unit Y Rotating shaft unit 1 Rotating shaft body 5 Bearing housing

Claims (5)

  A bearing housing (5) and a rotating shaft body (1) which is supported by the built-in power mechanism on the bearing housing (5) and whose upper end surface is exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing. ) Is formed into a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion (14), and through holes (16, 10) communicating with the hollow portion (14) are provided on the bottom surface and the end surface of the bearing housing (5), and the top of the bearing housing (5) is provided. The end surface of the rotating shaft body (1) exposed from the surface, the bottom surface and end surface of the bearing housing are used as mounting surfaces for the optical member or support member constituting the astronomical telescope, and fixing means (t1, t2, t3) are provided. A rotary axis unit for a reconfigurable astronomical telescope.   A bearing housing (5) and a rotating shaft body (1) which is supported by the built-in power mechanism on the bearing housing (5) and whose upper end surface is exposed from the top surface of the bearing housing. ) Is formed into a cylindrical shape having a hollow portion (14), and through holes (16, 10) communicating with the hollow portion (14) are provided on the bottom surface and the end surface of the bearing housing (5), and the top of the bearing housing (5) is provided. The end surface of the rotating shaft body (1) exposed from the surface, the bottom surface and end surface of the bearing housing are used as mounting surfaces for the optical member or support member constituting the astronomical telescope, and fixing means (t1, t2, t3) are provided. A reconfigurable astronomical telescope characterized in that each member can be connected in a form suitable for the purpose of observation by two rotating shaft units (X, Y).   The end surface of the rotating shaft body (1) exposed from the top surface of one rotating shaft unit (X) can be fixed to one surface of the flat main body, and the end surface of the other rotating shaft unit (Y) is fixed to the other surface. The multi-plate (17) for connecting the two rotary shaft units (X, Y) to each other so that the rotary shaft bodies (1) are orthogonal to each other by making the fixing possible. Recombinant astronomical telescope.   The reconfigurable astronomical telescope according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the hollow portion (14) of the rotary shaft (1) is used as a transmission line and a light guide tube.   The recombined astronomical telescope according to claim 4, wherein the rotary shaft unit (X, Y) has a waterproof structure.

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