JP6190047B2 - 心不全リスクを層別化するための医療デバイス - Google Patents
心不全リスクを層別化するための医療デバイス Download PDFInfo
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Description
本明細書において開示されるのは、非代償性心不全事象といった、HFの悪化に関連する将来的な事象を発症するリスクが高い患者を同定するシステム、デバイス及び方法である。リスク層別化は、埋め込み型ペースメーカ又は除細動器等の医療デバイスに関連する生理的センサから感知されるような生理学的信号を用いて行うことができる。本発明者らは、患者の人口動態特性(demographic characteristics)又は患者の慢性病指示子を含む患者の慢性症状が、HF患者において特定のタイプのセンサ信号に影響を与え得ることを認識している。したがって、患者の慢性症状に従ってセンサ信号を選択するとともにセンサ信号に由来する信号メトリックを分析することによって、本文書は、HFの悪化といった、将来的なHF事象のリスクを予測する方法及びデバイスを提供することができ、したがって、患者への即時の医学的な配慮を可能にする。
本文書において、用語「a」又は「an」は、特許文献において一般的であるように、「少なくとも1つ」又は「1つ又は複数」の任意の他の例又は用法とは無関係に、1つ又は2つ以上を含むように用いられる。本文書において、用語「又は」は、別段の指示がない限り、非排他的論理和を示すために、すなわち、「A又はB」が、「AだがBではない」、「BだがAではない」、及び、「A及びB」を含むように、用いられる。本文書において、用語「含む(including)」及び「〜において(in which)」は、「備える(comprising)」及び「〜において(wherein)」という各用語の平易な英語の同意義として用いられる。また、以下の請求項において、用語「含む(including)」及び「備える(comprising)」は非制限的であり、すなわち、請求項においてそのような用語の後に列記されたものに加えて要素を含むシステム、デバイス、物品、組成物、配合物又はプロセスは、依然としてその請求項の範囲内にあるとみなされる。さらに、以下の請求項において、用語「第1」、「第2」及び「第3」等は、単に標識として用いられており、それらの対象に対して数的な要件を課すようには意図されない。
Claims (15)
- 医療デバイスであって:前記医療デバイスは、信号分析回路であって:
患者の少なくとも第1の慢性症状指示子及び第2の慢性症状指示子を受信するように構成されている患者の状態入力ユニットであって、前記第2の慢性症状指示子は前記第1の慢性症状指示子と非同一である、患者の状態入力ユニット;
前記患者の1つ又は複数の生理学的信号を受信するように構成されている信号受信回路;
前記1つ又は複数の生理学的信号から複数の信号メトリックを生成するように構成されている信号メトリック生成回路であって、前記複数の信号メトリックは、前記第1の慢性症状指示子との第1の関連に従うとともに前記第1の慢性症状指示子が少なくとも1つの第1の特定の基準を満たすことに応答して生成される第1のセットの1つ又は複数の信号メトリックと、前記第2の慢性症状指示子との第2の関連に従うとともに前記第2の慢性症状指示子が少なくとも1つの第2の特定の基準を満たすことに応答して生成される第2のセットの信号メトリックと、を含む、信号メトリック生成回路;及び
前記複数の信号メトリックから、前記第1のセットの1つ又は複数の信号メトリック及び前記第2のセットの1つ又は複数の信号メトリックの双方を含む群から選択される1つ又は複数の患者特有の信号メトリックを選択するように構成されている患者特有の信号メトリック選択回路を含む、信号分析回路;並びに前記選択された1つ又は複数の患者特有の信号メトリックを用いて複合リスク指数を生成するように構成されているリスク層別化回路であって、前記複合リスク指数は、前記患者が心不全の悪化を示す事象を後に発症する確率を示す、リスク層別化回路を備える、医療デバイス。 - 前記リスク層別化回路は、特定の時間枠内で前記患者が非代償性心不全事象を発症する確率を示す複合リスク指数を生成するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記患者の前記第1の慢性症状指示子及び前記第2の慢性症状指示子は、前記患者の慢性病指示子、前記患者の以前の医療処置指示子又は前記患者の人口動態特性指示子のうちの少なくとも1つをそれぞれ含む、請求項1又は2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記患者の状態入力ユニットは、少なくとも前記患者の前記第1の慢性症状指示子及び前記第2の慢性症状指示子を格納する電子医療記録(EMR)システムに結合されるように構成されており、少なくとも前記第1の慢性症状指示子及び前記第2の慢性症状指示子を前記EMRシステムから検索するように構成されている、請求項1又は3に記載のデバイス。
- 前記信号受信回路は、前記患者から前記1つ又は複数の生理学的信号を感知するように構成されている少なくとも1つの生理的センサに結合されるように構成されており;前記信号メトリック生成回路は、前記複数の信号メトリックについて、信号品質尺度、信号感度尺度又は信号特異度尺度のうちの少なくとも1つを含むそれぞれの信号メトリック性能尺度を生成するように構成されている信号メトリック性能分析回路を含み;前記患者特有の信号メトリック選択回路は、前記それぞれの信号メトリック性能尺度を用いて、前記複数の信号メトリックから1つ又は複数の患者特有の信号メトリックを選択するように構成されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 前記信号メトリック性能分析回路は、基準の日最高呼吸数(MRR)からの相対変化を示す日最高呼吸数の感度を生成するように構成されており、前記信号メトリック生成回路は、前記患者が以前に腎疾患を患っていない場合に、前記日最高呼吸数を含む信号メトリックのセットを生成するように構成されている、請求項5に記載のデバイス。
- 前記リスク層別化回路は、前記1つ又は複数の患者特有の信号メトリックについて、少なくとも前記第1の慢性症状指示子及び前記第2の慢性症状指示子を用いて、それぞれのリスクスコアを生成し、該それぞれのリスクスコアを用いて前記複合リスク指数を計算するように構成されている、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 前記リスク層別化回路は、前記1つ又は複数の患者特有の信号メトリックについて、前記リスクスコアの重み付けされた関数を用いて前記複合リスク指数を計算するように構成されている、請求項7に記載のデバイス。
- 前記リスク層別化回路は、前記複合リスク指数と標準尺度との比較を用いて2つ以上のカテゴリリスクレベルを生成するように構成されており、該2つ以上のカテゴリリスクレベルは、前記患者が前記事象を後に発症する高いリスクを示す、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 前記標準尺度は、患者の母集団の信号メトリックを用いて計算され、前記患者の母集団の少なくとも一部は前記第1の慢性症状指示子及び前記第2の慢性症状指示子を有する、請求項9に記載のデバイス。
- 前記リスク層別化回路は、重み因子によってそれぞれ重み付けされる前記それぞれのリスクスコアの線形の組み合わせを含む重み付けされた関数を用いて前記複合リスク指数を計算するように構成されている、請求項8に記載のデバイス。
- 前記1つ又は複数の患者特有の信号メトリックの前記重み因子を、それぞれの信号メトリック性能尺度を用いて求める、請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 前記信号メトリック性能分析回路は、標的事象の非存在下での第1の状態から第2の状態へのそれぞれの信号メトリックの相対変化を含む信号特異度尺度を生成するように構成されている、請求項5に記載のデバイス。
- 前記信号メトリック性能分析回路は、信号強度、信号変動または信号対雑音比を含む信号品質尺度を生成するように構成されている、請求項5に記載のデバイス。
- 前記リスク層別化回路は、複合リスク指数のヒトが知覚できる提示または少なくとも第1及び第2の慢性症状指示子を生成するように構成されている、請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
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