JP6183793B2 - Infusion stand connector - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an infusion stand connector for integrally connecting an infusion stand to a wheelchair.

  In recent years, an infusion stand that hangs an infusion pack can be moved by attaching a plurality of casters to the lower part thereof, and can be moved within a hospital even while an inpatient receives an infusion.

  This drip stand is not only used by ambulatory patients, but also functions as a carriage to transport these equipment when it is necessary to perform infusion using equipment such as infusion pumps and syringe pumps. The infusion stand equipped with the desired equipment is moved to the patient's bed so that infusion can be performed.

  In addition, when a patient who is instilling using an infusion stand with equipment needs to move for an examination or the like, the patient can be placed on a wheelchair and moved together with the infusion stand.

  When a patient moves in a wheelchair with an infusion stand, an assistant is required, and the patient who is sitting in the wheelchair is to support the infusion stand and move while the assistant pushes the wheelchair .

  In this case, the caster attached to the drip stand is attached to the tip of the caster support leg that protrudes radially from the bottom of the drip stand column, so that the caster support leg hits the wheelchair. This makes it difficult to draw the drip stand close to the wheelchair.

  Therefore, for example, a rod-shaped auxiliary tool having a predetermined length provided with a handle at one end and a clamp member that can be attached to the support column of the drip stand at the other end is attached to the drip stand and sits in a wheelchair. It has been proposed that a patient can hold the drip stand at a certain distance from the wheelchair via an assisting device so that the drip stand does not obstruct movement in the wheelchair (for example, Patent Documents). 1).

  However, if the patient cannot use his hand due to injury, or is an elderly person, the patient may not be able to use assistive devices that support the drip stand. A special wheelchair provided with a hanging part of the pack had to be used (for example, see Patent Document 2).

Utility Model Registration No. 3161833 JP 2010-253121 A

  In a wheelchair equipped with a drip pack suspension, if equipment such as an infusion pump or syringe pump is required for infusion, it is necessary to replace these equipment. There was a problem of being a burden. In addition, it is also necessary to check the operation of the equipment after the replacement work, and because of these problems, the replacement work is not actually performed, and by adjusting the timing of patient movement and infusion, infusion The patient was moved without taking care of the patient, which increased the patient's management burden.

  On the other hand, when a patient moves a patient with a wheelchair while supporting an infusion stand via an assisting device, cooperation between an assistant pushing the wheelchair and a patient supporting the infusion stand is necessary, particularly for an elevator. When getting on and off the patient, it was necessary for the patient to pay attention so that the caster of the drip stand would not fit into the gap formed between the elevator and the floor.

  In particular, when equipment such as an infusion pump or syringe pump is attached to an infusion stand, the infusion stand may weigh more than 20 kg in total, and the caster of such an infusion stand is located between the elevator and the floor. It is difficult to operate the drip stand through the assisting tool so that it does not fit into the gap that occurs in the patient, and it has to be done while moving it with a wheelchair, and there is a problem that the burden on the patient is extremely large .

  In view of the current situation, the present inventors make it possible to integrally connect the drip stand to the wheelchair, thereby eliminating the need to replace equipment such as an infusion pump and a syringe pump, and the patient can use the drip stand. The present invention has been accomplished by carrying out research and development so that the caster of the drip stand can be prevented from being fitted into the gap formed between the elevator and the floor surface without being supported.

  In the drip stand coupling device of the present invention, in the drip stand coupling device that integrates the drip stand and the wheelchair by coupling the drip stand to the wheelchair, it is attached to the armrest support frame that supports the armrest of the wheelchair in the horizontal direction. A cylindrical holder, a rod inserted into the holder so as to be able to be pulled out in the forward direction of the wheelchair, and a cylindrical joint which is attached to the tip of the rod and is attached to the drip stand column It is.

  In particular, the rod is bent in the middle portion, the tip side of the bent portion is extended vertically downward to form a connection portion, and the joint is a semi-cylindrical first member whose outer peripheral surface is connected to the connection portion. A case, a semi-cylindrical second case having the same shape as the first case, one end edge parallel to the axial direction of the first case, and one end edge parallel to the axial direction of the second case Are connected to each other, and a hinge for forming a single cylinder between the first case and the second case, and a fastener for maintaining the state of the single cylinder formed by the first case and the second case.

  The first case and the second case are provided with a first projecting piece and a second projecting piece, which protrude in the radial direction and face each other at the end opposite to the end provided with the hinge. And providing an elastic body on at least one of the first projecting piece and the second projecting piece to form one cylinder with the first case and the second case, the first projecting piece and the second projecting piece, The elastic body is sandwiched between.

Furthermore, the curvature of the curved portion provided on the rod is equal to the curvature of the curved portion provided on the front side of the armrest support frame of the wheelchair, and the first virtual passage passing through the central axis of the first case connected to the connecting portion of the rod. By pushing the tipping lever provided at the rear of the wheelchair with the drip stand and the wheelchair integrated, the line and the second imaginary line passing through the central axis of the rod inserted in the holder are orthogonal to each other. In addition to floating the front wheel, the caster of the drip stand is lifted.

  According to the present invention, a cylindrical holder that is attached to an armrest support frame that supports an armrest of a wheelchair in a horizontal direction, a rod that is inserted into the holder so as to be able to be pulled out in the forward direction of the wheelchair, Equipment such as infusion pumps and syringe pumps can be attached by integrating the drip stand and the wheelchair with a drip stand connector that consists of a cylindrical joint that is attached to the tip of the rod and attached to the support column of the drip stand. The drip stand can be connected to the wheelchair as it is, and the patient does not need to support the drip stand, so that the patient can be moved smoothly in the wheelchair.

  In particular, the first case and the second case constituting the joint include a first protruding piece that protrudes in the radial direction and faces each other on the end opposite to the end provided with the hinge. When the second protruding piece is provided and an elastic body is provided on at least one of the first protruding piece and the second protruding piece, and the first case and the second case form one cylinder, the first protruding piece By sandwiching the elastic body between the second projecting piece and the second projecting piece, play can be generated by the amount of the elastic body in the joint ring-mounted on the support column of the drip stand.

  By this play, the joint is loosely attached to the drip stand column, and the drip stand can move up and down with respect to the joint even though it is connected via the joint.

  As described above, since the drip stand is allowed to move up and down with respect to the joint, the drip stand column is restricted by the joint, and the drip stand column is held straight upright. be able to.

  Moreover, when the drip stand is pulled through the drip stand connector as the wheelchair moves, the drip stand can apply a traction force in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the drip stand column via the joint. The drip stand can be pulled stably.

  When the drip stand gets over the gap formed between the elevator and the floor surface, the caster located at the foremost end of the drip stand connected to the wheelchair is lifted by the operation of floating the front wheel of the wheelchair. In this state, by passing the gap portion, the caster can be prevented from being fitted into the gap portion and can be moved smoothly.

It is explanatory drawing of the use condition of a drip stand coupling tool. It is explanatory drawing of a drip stand coupling tool. (A) Rear view of joint of drip stand connector, (b) Front view of joint of drip stand connector, (c) Plan view of joint of drip stand connector. (A) The top view which shows the state of the joint of the drip stand connection tool before mounting to the support | pillar of an infusion stand, (b) The front view which shows the state of the joint of the drip stand connection tool before mounting to the support | pillar of an infusion stand. is there. It is explanatory drawing of operation which attaches the joint of an infusion stand coupling tool to the support | pillar of an infusion stand. It is explanatory drawing of the use condition of a drip stand coupling tool.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the drip stand connector C of the present invention includes a cylindrical holder 10 that is attached to an armrest support frame a <b> 2 that supports an armrest a <b> 1 of the wheelchair A in a horizontal direction, and the holder 10 A rod 20 inserted so as to be able to be pulled out in the forward direction of the wheelchair A, and a cylindrical joint 30 which is attached to the tip of the rod 20 and attached to the column b1 of the drip stand B are provided. The drip stand B and the wheelchair A are integrally connected by the tool C.

  In addition, a plurality of caster support legs b2 projecting radially from the support b1 are provided at the lower end of the support b1 of the drip stand B, and the casters b3 are respectively provided below the tip ends of the caster support legs b2. Wearing.

  The holder 10 may be attached by welding to the armrest support frame a2, or may be fixedly attached using a binding band or the like, and is preferably attached as firmly as possible.

  The holder 10 only needs to have a length and a diameter that can hold the base end side of the rod 20 in a state of being stretched along the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the holder 10 is shown in FIG. As described above, the length is substantially the same as the length of the horizontal portion of the armrest support frame a2.

  In the present embodiment, the holder 10 is made of metal in order to obtain sufficient strength. In the wheelchair A of the present embodiment, the armrest support frame a2 has a horizontal portion, but when such a horizontal portion does not exist, an appropriate connecting bracket is provided. It is desirable that the holder 10 be mounted on the wheelchair A in a state where the holder 10 is extended along the horizontal direction while using.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the holder 10 is provided with a fastening screw 11 for fastening and fixing the rod 20 inserted into the holder 10 at the end on the distal end side. Note that the fixing means of the rod 20 is not limited to the fastening screw 11, and an appropriate fixing means may be used.

  The rod 20 is a metal rod having a predetermined thickness with sufficient strength, and is bent in the middle part. The base end side of the bent part is inserted into the holder 10 and extended along the horizontal direction. On the other hand, the distal end side is extended vertically downward from the curved portion. The distal end side of the curved portion is a connecting portion 21.

  The rod 20 can be inserted into and removed from the holder 10, and when the drip stand B is not connected to the wheelchair A, the rod 20 is inserted deeply into the holder 10 and only the tip side of the curved portion of the rod 20 is inserted. It is good also as the storage state made to protrude, and you may pull out the rod 20 from the holder 10 depending on the case.

  The curvature of the curved portion provided on the rod 20 is equal to the curvature of the curved portion provided on the front side of the armrest support frame a2 of the wheelchair A, and the portion of the joint 30 connected to the connecting portion 21 in the stored state. Can be made difficult to get in the way, and an overall sense of unity can be obtained.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the joint 30 includes a semi-cylindrical first case 31 having an outer peripheral surface connected to the connecting portion 21 at the tip of the rod 20, and a half case having the same shape as the first case 31. A cylindrical second case 32, one end edge parallel to the axial direction of the first case 31 and one end edge parallel to the axial direction of the second case 32 are connected to each other. A hinge 33 is formed as a single cylinder with two cases 32, and a fastener 34 that holds the state of the single cylinder formed with the first case 31 and the second case 32.

  In the present embodiment, the first case 31 and the second case 32 are made of a metal pipe whose inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the column b1 of the drip stand B along a plane including the central axis of the pipe. Although it is divided into two, it may be formed into a semi-cylindrical body by pressing or the like on an appropriate metal plate to form the first case 31 and the second case 32.

  Further, in the first case 31 and the second case 32 of this embodiment, in order to make it easy to attach the hinge 33, the outer surface side of one end edge parallel to the axial direction of the first case 31 and the second case 32 is arranged. A first inner flat surface 31a and a second inner flat surface 32a which are flattened by shaving are provided.

  The first case 31 and the second case are connected via the hinge 33 by connecting one end of the hinge 33 to the first inner flat surface 31a and connecting the other end of the hinge 33 to the second inner flat surface 32a. 32 are integrally connected, and the edges of the first case 31 and the second case 32 are abutted with each other to form one cylinder, either in a closed state or in an open state as a non-closed state It is trying to become.

  In the first case 31, the outer surface side of the edge opposite to the edge provided with the first inner flat surface 31a is also scraped off to form the first outer flat surface 31b. A flat plate-like first protruding piece 31c protruding in the radial direction is provided. Similarly, in the second case 32, the outer surface side of the edge opposite to the edge provided with the second inner flat surface 32a is also scraped off to form the second outer flat surface 32b. Is provided with a flat plate-like second protruding piece 32c protruding in the radial direction.

  The first projecting piece 31c and the second projecting piece 32c can be easily attached to the first case 31 and the second case 32 by being provided on the first outer flat surface 31b and the second outer flat surface 32b, respectively. In addition, when forming the 1st case 31 and the 2nd case 32 by press work, such as forging, you may form the 1st protrusion piece 31c and the 2nd protrusion piece 32c simultaneously.

  The first protruding piece 31c and the second protruding piece 32c protrude in the radial direction from the first case 31 and the second case 32 while facing each other. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. The protruding piece 32c is provided with an elastic body 35 at a position sandwiched between the first protruding piece 31c and the second protruding piece 32c when the first case 31 and the second case 32 form one cylinder. The elastic body 35 may be provided on the first protruding piece 31c.

  In this embodiment, the elastic body 35 is a sheet-like rubber having a predetermined thickness. The elastic body 35 is not limited to rubber, and when the first case 31 and the second case 32 hold one cylindrical state with the fastener 34 as will be described later, Any repulsive force may be generated between the second projecting piece 32c and the second projecting piece 32c.

  Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4B, the first protruding piece 31c and the second protruding piece 32c have a U-shaped first cutout groove 31d and a second cutout groove at the center of the tip. 32d is provided, and the first cutout groove 31d and the second cutout groove 32d face each other when the first case 31 and the second case 32 form a single cylinder. .

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the fastener 34 is pivotally attached to the first projecting piece 31c at the base end and engaged with the second projecting piece 32c on the distal end side. This is a rod-shaped lever 34a provided.

  That is, in the first projecting piece 31c, the first notch groove 31d is inserted into a through-hole (not shown) provided at the base end of the lever 34a between the distal ends of the first projecting piece 31c which is bifurcated. A pivot shaft 34c is attached, and the lever 34a is rotatable. In particular, in the present embodiment, the pivot shaft 34c is constituted by a screw, and a screw hole into which a screw serving as the pivot shaft 34c is inserted in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the first case 31 at the tip of the first protruding piece 31c. The pivot 34c can be attached.

  In the present embodiment, the rod-shaped lever 34a is threaded on the outer peripheral surface, and the first nut serving as the engagement body 34b and the stopper 34d that prohibits the movement of the engagement body 34b are provided. A second nut is attached so that the position of the engaging body 34b can be adjusted.

  Furthermore, a spherical handle 34e is attached to the foremost end of the lever 34a to make it easy to operate the lever 34a. The shape of the handle 34e is not limited to a spherical shape, and may be an appropriate shape. However, by forming a spherical shape, the drip stand B and the wheelchair A are integrally connected via the drip stand connector C. In this state, when the patient gets on and off the wheelchair A, the pajamas or yukata worn by the patient can be prevented from being caught by the handle 34e, and can get on and off safely.

  When the joint 30 having the fastener 34 configured as described above is attached to the support b1 of the drip stand B, first, as shown in FIG. Insert the support b1 of the drip stand B inside 31.

  Next, the second case 32 is rotated by the hinge 33 so that the end edges of the first case 31 and the second case 32 are brought into contact with each other.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the lever 34a of the fastener 34 is rotated toward the second case 32 and inserted into the second cutout groove 32d of the second projecting piece 32c. As shown, the engaging body 34b of the fastener 34 is engaged with the second projecting piece 32c.

  At this time, the engaging body 34b provided on the lever 34a moves along an arcuate locus centering on the pivot 34c, which is the rotation center of the lever 34a, and therefore, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the second case When the plate-like second protruding piece 32c protruded in the radial direction on the second outer flat surface 32b of 32 is passed over, the engaging body 34b hitting the second protruding piece 32c causes the second protruding piece 32c to protrude into the first. It will be strongly pressed to the side 31c.

  The elastic body 35 sandwiched between the first protruding piece 31c and the second protruding piece 32c is greatly elastically deformed by the strongly pressed second protruding piece 32c. The deformed state at this time will be referred to as a “first deformed body” for convenience of explanation.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (c), when the engaging body 34b completely exceeds the second protruding piece 32c, the force pushing the second protruding piece 32c by the engaging body 34b toward the first protruding piece 31c becomes small. Although the deformation amount of the elastic body 35 is small, it is not completely in the original shape but is elastically deformed. The deformed state at this time will be referred to as a “second deformed body” for convenience of explanation.

  The engagement state between the second projecting piece 32c and the engaging body 34b of the lever 34a is maintained by the restoring force generated in the elastic body 35 serving as the second deformable body.

  In particular, when releasing the engagement state of the engagement body 34b of the second projecting piece 32c and the lever 34a, it is necessary to elastically deform the elastic body 35 from the second deformable body to the first deformable body. 34a is a deterrent against rotation.

  Therefore, when the drip stand B and the wheelchair A are used in a state of being integrally connected via the drip stand connector C, the joint 30 of the drip stand connector C is unintentionally connected to the support column of the drip stand B. It can be used with peace of mind without departing from b1.

  Further, in the drip stand connector C according to the present invention, the elastic body 35 is sandwiched between the first projecting piece 31c and the second projecting piece 32c of the joint 30, so that the size of the elastic body 35 is free from play. When the joint 30 is attached to the support b1 of the drip stand B, the joint 30 does not strongly tighten the support b1, and the drip stand is attached to the joint 30 attached to the support b1. B is supposed to be able to move up and down.

  In this way, the drip stand B is allowed to move up and down with respect to the joint 30 attached to the column b1, so that the drip stand B is regulated by the joint 30, and the drip stand The support post b1 of B can be held in a straight upright state.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the first imaginary line L1 passing through the central axis of the first case 31 connected to the connecting portion 21 of the rod 20 and the central axis of the rod 20 inserted into the holder 10 Is perpendicular to the second imaginary line L2.

  Therefore, when the drip stand B is pulled through the drip stand connector C in accordance with the movement of the wheelchair A, the drip stand B is arranged in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the column b1 of the drip stand B through the joint 30. A tractive force can be applied and the drip stand B can be stably pulled.

  When the drip stand B gets over the obstacle such as the gap S generated between the elevator and the floor surface, as shown in FIG. 6, the assistant performs the operation of floating the front wheel a3 of the wheelchair A, thereby The caster b3 located at the foremost end of the drip stand B connected to A can be made to float up.

  If the wheelchair A is moved forward with the caster b3 located at the foremost end of the drip stand B being lifted and the caster b3 located at the foremost end is over the gap S, then the caster b3 after that is The support by the caster b3 located at the foremost end can make it difficult to fit in the gap S, and the forward movement can be carried out smoothly and safely.

  In FIG. 6, for convenience of explanation, the infusion stand B is drawn as if it was lifted as a whole, but it is possible if the infusion stand B is lightweight, but the infusion pump is added to the infusion stand B. If the equipment is heavy with equipment such as a syringe pump attached, the drip stand B will not be lifted as a whole, and the drip stand B will be slightly tilted to the rear side. The center of gravity moves to the rear side, so that the load of the drip stand B is hardly applied to the caster b3 located at the foremost end, and by moving forward in this state, the caster b3 can be prevented from fitting into the gap S. It has become.

  In particular, by setting the axial length of the first case 31 and the second case 32 of the joint 30 to be not less than three times the diameter of the column b1 of the drip stand B, the operation of floating the front wheel a3 of the wheelchair A is performed. When cast, the caster b3 located at the foremost end of the drip stand B can be lifted more effectively.

  The drip stand connector C configured as described above has the following advantages.

  The patient sitting in the wheelchair does not need to support the drip stand B by himself / herself, and the medical safety effectiveness can be enhanced.

  The drip stand connector C can be retrofitted to the armrest support frame a2 that supports the armrest a1 of the wheelchair A, and can improve versatility.

  With the drip stand connector C, the wheelchair A and the drip stand B can be integrally connected with appropriate rigidity, and the drip stand B can be maintained in a stable posture with respect to overcoming a step during traveling. The drip stand B can be prevented from falling.

  In particular, when there are gaps or steps that allow the caster b3 of the drip stand B to fit into the floor surface, the assistant steps on the tipping lever provided at the rear of the wheelchair A to lift the front wheel a3 of the wheelchair A. By doing so, the caster b3 of the drip stand B can be lifted via the drip stand connector C, and the gaps and steps can be easily overcome.

  Therefore, when getting on and off the elevator, when passing through a gap or a step formed between the elevator gondola and the floor of the building, the drip stand B can pass while maintaining the posture of the drip stand B stably. Can eliminate the risk of falling.

  Normally, when getting on and off the elevator, the passenger gets on and off while moving the wheelchair A backward to stabilize the posture. You can get on and off.

  Since the drip stand connector C is simply constituted by the holder 10, the rod 20, and the joint 30, the movement of the patient getting on and off the wheelchair A provided with the drip stand connector C is not hindered. .

  In particular, in the rod 20, the connecting portion 21 connected to the joint 30 is extended downward in the vertical direction, so that the protrusion in the left and right width directions is less likely to occur, and the drip stand B is connected via the drip stand connector C. It is possible to minimize the spread in the width direction when the wheelchair A is integrally connected to the wheelchair A, and to prevent the traveling performance and operability of the wheelchair A from being deteriorated.

  The attachment of the joint 30 to the support b1 of the drip stand B can be performed with one-touch by a fastener 34 provided on the joint 30, and the drip stand B can be attached and detached very easily by a patient or an assistant.

  In particular, when the joint 30 is attached to the column b1 of the drip stand B, the drip stand B may be oriented in any direction, and the joint 30 is attached without worrying about the direction of the drip stand B. be able to.

  Further, by providing an elastic body 35 sandwiched between the first projecting piece 31c provided on the first case 31 of the joint 30 and the second projecting piece 32c provided on the second case 32, the support b1 of the drip stand B is provided. Even if there is some variation in diameter, the drip stand B can be supported by securely wearing the joint 30.

  When the drip stand B is not integrally connected to the wheelchair A via the drip stand connector C, the rod 20 is inserted deeply into the holder 10 so that only the tip side protrudes from the curved portion of the rod 20. It can be set in the storage state and can be handled in the same manner as a normal wheelchair A.

  The rod 20 pulled out from the holder 10 can be pulled out to an arbitrary length and fixed with the fastening screw 11, making it unnecessary to set the fixing position of the rod 20, and having an appropriate length according to the patient. can do.

  Since the drip stand B is connected to the front side of the wheelchair A via the drip stand connector C, the drip stand B does not disturb the wheelchair A when pushing the wheelchair A, but also obstructs the view of the assistant. It can be made difficult, and it can prevent impairing operativity.

A Wheelchair
a1 armrest
a2 Armrest support frame B Drip stand
b1 support
b2 caster support legs
b3 Caster C Drip stand connector
10 Holder
11 Fastening screw
20 rods
21 Connection
30 joints
31 First case
31a First inner flat surface
31b First outer flat surface
31c 1st protruding piece
31d 1st notch
32 Second case
32a Second inner flat surface
32b Second outer flat surface
32c 2nd protruding piece
32d 2nd notch
33 Hinge
34 Fastener
34a lever
34b Engagement body
34c Axis
34d stopper
34e handle
35 Elastic body

Claims (1)

In the drip stand connector for integrating the drip stand and the wheelchair by connecting the drip stand to the wheelchair,
A cylindrical holder attached to the armrest support frame that supports the armrest of the wheelchair, extending in the horizontal direction;
A rod inserted into the holder so as to be able to be pulled out toward the front of the wheelchair;
A cylindrical joint that is attached to the tip of this rod and is attached to the drip stand column;
The rod is bent in the middle part, and the tip side is extended vertically downward from the curved part as a connection part,
The joint is
A semi-cylindrical first case having an outer peripheral surface connected to the connecting portion;
A semi-cylindrical second case having the same shape as the first case;
One end edge parallel to the axial direction of the first case and one end edge parallel to the axial direction of the second case are connected to form a single cylinder for the first case and the second case. Hinges,
A fastener that holds the state of one cylinder formed by the first case and the second case;
The first case and the second case have a first projecting piece and a second projecting piece, respectively, projecting in a radial direction on the end opposite to the end provided with the hinge, and facing each other. And at least one of the first projecting piece and the second projecting piece is provided with an elastic body, and the first case and the second case form one cylinder, the first projecting piece And the second projecting piece to sandwich the elastic body ,
The curvature of the curved portion provided on the rod is equal to the curvature of the curved portion provided on the front side of the armrest support frame of the wheelchair, and the first portion passing through the central axis of the first case connected to the connecting portion of the rod. 1 imaginary line and a second imaginary line passing through the central axis of the rod inserted into the holder are orthogonalized,
A drip stand connector that floats the wheel of the drip stand and raises the caster of the drip stand by stepping on a tipping lever provided at the rear of the wheelchair in a state where the drip stand and the wheelchair are integrated .

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