JP6172726B1 - Numerically controlled waveform generator and digital synchronous detector - Google Patents

Abstract

A numerically controlled waveform generator and a digital synchronous detector capable of effectively suppressing spurious generation with a simple configuration. A numerically controlled waveform generator 1 according to the present invention is a numerically controlled waveform generator 1 for generating a predetermined waveform using a numerical table 11 including numerical values representing a fundamental wave. If the period and the fundamental wave are symmetrical with respect to at least one of the amplitude axis and the time axis, the fundamental half cycle or the fundamental wave is symmetrical with respect to the amplitude axis and the time axis, respectively. In the case where there is a characteristic, each amplitude value at each time (each timing) when equally dividing the P period (P is an integer value equal to or greater than 1) prime numbers with a quarter period, The numerical table 11 included as each numerical value, and a read control unit 12 that generates one or more waveforms having an integral multiple of the fundamental wave by executing control to change a predetermined reading method. [Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a numerically controlled waveform generator (hereinafter referred to as “NCWG”), in particular, a synchronous detector (hereinafter referred to as “digital synchronous detector”) that handles a transmission / reception signal with a discrete numerical digital signal, The present invention relates to an NCWG and a digital synchronous detector used as a numerical local oscillator (hereinafter referred to as “NLO”).

In digital synchronous detectors, when the spurious signal of NCWG used for NLO of a numerical frequency converter (hereinafter referred to as “numerical mixer”) detects image interference and minute signals, the lower limit of the signal detection level is set. It is an important factor to decide.
Conventionally, as NCWG, a sine wave or a cosine wave orthogonal thereto is generated simultaneously by a numerical oscillation circuit by numerical feedback (hereinafter referred to as “NCO”) (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, there is a method in which the waveform of the fundamental wave is created as a numerical table (lookup table), and the reading method is changed according to the frequency to be generated (for example, see Patent Document 2).

The NCO described in Patent Document 1 requires a numerical resolution higher than that required for output from the viewpoint of error accumulation and stability. For this reason, in the NCO, spurious generation varies depending on the frequency to be generated. Therefore, the NCO is suitable for simple digital communication or the like, but is not very suitable for the purpose of detecting a minute change in a received signal (hereinafter referred to as “weak signal detection”).
On the other hand, in the NCWG described in Patent Document 2, if the number of bits required as an output is determined, all the signals that can be generated are uniquely determined by a numerical table. Therefore, spurious can be predicted and suitable for weak signal detection. .

JP-A-9-135364 JP 2000-252750 A

However, when a single or multiple frequency signal is generated by NCWG, even if an attempt is made to generate a single sine wave or a waveform obtained by adding a plurality of sine waves with appropriate phase and amplitude, due to quantization errors. It is impossible to avoid the occurrence of signals other than the target frequency, that is, spurious.
In order to reduce the spurious attributed to this quantization error, it is necessary to increase the number of quantization bits uniquely or to increase the sampling rate at the same time, both of which are physically limited.

  Here, the waveform generated by the NCWG is a waveform having an integer multiple frequency using a basic wave number table in a waveform that periodically passes through the same amplitude value during one cycle, such as the sine wave described above. If the multiple of the generated waveform with respect to the fundamental wave and the number of waveform divisions in the number table have a small integer ratio (hereinafter simply referred to as “small integer ratio”), the quantization error is an integer of the fundamental wave. The cycle will occur twice as often.

A simple example for explaining the quantization error is shown in FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a timing chart showing an NCWG fundamental wave and its enlarged quantization error.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the fundamental wave of the waveform generated by the conventional NCWG having a sine fundamental wave number table of 13 bits × 256 words with the waveform division number N = 256 and the full scale FS = ± 4095 shown in FIG. 6 is a timing chart showing a quantization error when a frequency expressed in multiples (hereinafter abbreviated as “freq”) is freq = 8.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing an example of spurious due to the quantization error.

Each of the conventional NCWGs in FIGS. 2 and 3 is an example in which freq = 8 and “small integer ratio” of 1:32 with respect to 256 of N.
In FIG. 2, since it is a “small integer ratio”, it can be seen that a significant periodicity is generated in the quantization error, and in this state, a large spurious is generated at a specific frequency.

In the conventional NCWG of FIG. 3, a large spurious at a specific frequency can be seen due to the remarkable periodicity of the quantization error.
The maximum value of spurious in this state is −85.516 dB, which is 6.539 dB larger than that of NCWG-P, which is not the case, and is 4539 or more, in other words, more than double the power ratio.

In the digital synchronous detector, when the waveform of NLO becomes a waveform as shown in FIG. 2 where a large spurious is generated at a specific frequency as shown in FIG. 3, there is a noise or an interference wave at the specific frequency. Appears as a disturbance in the detection waveform after the numerical mixer, which cannot be distinguished from the normal received signal, so this disturbance cannot be removed after detection.
In such a situation, the performance of the detector is greatly degraded.

In the case of the conventional NCWG of FIG. 3, the maximum value of spurious is -85.5 dB with respect to the reference value -20 log (2 ^ 13-1) ≈-78.3 dB according to the dynamic range of the 13-bit number table. It can be seen that the reference value remains at -7.2 dB.
As shown in FIG. 2, especially in the case of NCWG that uses the power of 2 as the number of waveform divisions, which is frequently used for the capacity of the semiconductor memory and the counter for reading, spurious due to this periodic error is generated. Is a significant weakness in performance.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a numerically controlled waveform generator and a digital synchronous detector that can effectively suppress spurious generation with a simple configuration.

In view of the fact that the spurious described in the problem to be solved by the invention is due to the periodicity of the quantization error of the waveform generated from the numerical table, the inventor of the waveform generated by the number of waveform divisions of the numerical table It was found that the spurious generation at a specific frequency can be suppressed by setting the value to a value that does not become a small integer ratio of the period, and the present invention has been completed.
In particular, when the number of waveform divisions in the numerical table is a prime number, since there is no periodicity other than the periodicity included in the basic waveform itself of the numerical table, the occurrence of spurious due to the periodicity can be effectively suppressed. .

  In a waveform having symmetry of 1/2 period or 1/4 period with respect to the amplitude axis / time axis such as a sine wave or cosine wave, 1/2 period or 1/4 with the waveform division number as a prime number. It is good also as a number table of a period.

(1) A numerically controlled waveform generator according to the present invention is a numerically controlled waveform generator that generates a predetermined waveform using a numerical table that includes numerical values representing fundamental waves.
If the fundamental wave is symmetrical with respect to at least one of the amplitude axis and time axis of the fundamental wave, the fundamental half period, or the fundamental wave has an amplitude axis and time When there is symmetry with respect to each of the axes, each period (each timing) when the quarter period is equally divided by P prime numbers (P is an integer value of 1 or more) set in advance. And a readout control unit that generates one or more waveforms that are integral multiples of the fundamental wave by executing a control that changes a predetermined readout method.

(2) The numerically controlled waveform generator according to the present invention further shows that the numerical table shows the waveform when the waveform (analog waveform) that is the basis of the waveform of the fundamental wave does not include a direct current component. An integer obtained by adjusting the phase so that the zero crossing point of the function does not become a sampling point is included as each numerical value.
(3) The digital synchronous detector of the present invention is a digital synchronous detector that uses the numerically controlled waveform generator of the present invention described above as a numerical local oscillator (NLO).

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a numerically controlled waveform generator and a digital synchronous detector that can effectively suppress spurious generation with a simple configuration.

It is a figure which shows the basic waveform and quantization error of the conventional NCWG. It is a figure which shows the 8 time frequency waveform by the conventional NCWG, and its quantization error. It is a figure which shows the example of the spurious resulting from the quantization error in the 8 times frequency wave of two types of NCWG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the digital synchronous detection circuit which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic waveform of NCWG which concerns on this invention, and its quantization error. It is a figure which shows the 8 time frequency waveform by NCWG which concerns on this invention, and its quantization error. It is a figure which shows the example of the spurious resulting from the quantization error in the fundamental wave of two types of NCWG. It is a figure which shows the maximum value of the spurious resulting from the quantization error in the 1-999 times frequency wave of two types of NCWG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 shows a digital synchronous detector 1 comprising a digital signal processing circuit such as an FPGA, CPLD, DSP, microprocessor and memory to which the present invention is applied, a D / A converter 50, and an A / D converter 80. 2 is a block diagram of a digital synchronous detection circuit constituted by input / output amplifiers 60 and 70. FIG.

The digital synchronous detector 1 shown in FIG. 4 includes an NCWG 10, a numerical mixer 20, and a digital signal processing unit 30, and is connected to a D / A converter 50 and an A / D converter 80.
Here, the NCWG 10 further includes a fundamental wave number table (prime number division) 11 and a read control unit 12.

The D / A converter 50 is connected to the transmission amplifier 60, and the A / D converter 80 is connected to the reception amplifier 70.
The present invention relates to a digital synchronous detector or digital synchronous frequency converter composed of digital signal processing circuits such as an FPGA, CPLD, DSP, microprocessor, and memory. In the case of a waveform having symmetry of 1/2 period or 1/4 period with respect to the amplitude axis / time axis such as a wave / cosine wave, the 1/2 period or 1/4 period of the fundamental wave is set to P prime numbers. The present invention is implemented as a numerical local oscillator and a digital synchronous detector having each value when equally divided as an integer number table.

A digital synchronous detector 1 surrounded by a square in the figure is one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the number of waveform divisions of the basic waveform stored in the numerical table is a prime number.
The NCWG 10 unit is a numerical local oscillator by a numerically controlled waveform generator, which is a numerical signal T that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency stored in the numerical table, and one of the integral multiples of the fundamental frequency or the phase or multiple of the same. A plurality of different numerical signals R are generated.

Numerical values stored in the numerical table are generated and stored statically or dynamically by external numerical control.
For the numerical reception signal input from the A / D converter 80, the NCWG 10 works as a detector or a frequency converter together with the numerical mixer 20.

In other words, the NCWG 10 works when the R is set to the same signal as T, and the digital synchronous detector functions as a simple homodyne synchronous detector, and when R is set to a signal that is a multiple different from T. Acts as a coherent phase frequency converter, and acts as an orthogonal vector synchronous detector when R is set to orthogonal signals such as sine and cosine waves.
The NCWG 10 functions as a simultaneous multi-frequency synchronous detector when R is set to a signal having a plurality of frequencies orthogonal to each other.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a basic waveform of a conventional NCWG and a quantization error.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the basic waveform of the NCWG and its quantization error according to the present invention, that is, an example in which the number of waveform divisions is a prime number.

FIGS. 1 and 5 are graphs in which time is plotted on the horizontal axis, quantization amplitude is plotted on the vertical axis, and quantization error is shown in an enlarged manner, and values at each time are plotted in an overlapping manner.
It can be seen that all of the dot sequences having the quantized amplitude on the vertical axis take values close to the amplitude of the sine waveform at each time.

In addition, it can be seen that no significant periodicity is observed in the point sequence obtained by enlarging the quantization error, which is the difference from the amplitude of the quantization amplitude, on the vertical axis.
Although the prime number is specifically 251 in FIG. 5, the prime number according to the present invention is not limited to 251 and is merely an example.

An NCWG (hereinafter abbreviated as “NCWG-P”) having a sine wave number table with this waveform division number N = 251 is shown.
If the waveform division number is divided into prime numbers of 3 or more, that is, odd numbers, the quantization amplitude becomes asymmetric due to the quantization error even if the underlying function of the fundamental waveform does not include a DC component. In some cases, a direct current component that should not be present in the generated waveform may occur.

For this, it is necessary to prevent unnecessary DC components from being generated in all waveforms to be generated by adjusting the full scale setting.
As an example, in the NCWG-P, the number of waveform divisions is 251. However, when the full scale is set to the maximum value ± 4095 of a signed 15-bit integer, a DC component is generated depending on the signal to be generated. The full scale is adjusted to ± 4094 where no DC component occurs.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an 8-fold waveform according to the conventional NCWG in the upper part and an enlarged quantization error in the lower part.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an 8-fold waveform by NCWG-P according to the present invention in the upper stage and an enlarged quantization error in the lower stage.
NCWG-P in FIG. 6 has the same setting of freq = 8 as in the conventional NCWG in FIG. 2, but in NCWG-P, since the number of waveform divisions is a prime number at the fundamental wave stage, there is no conventional quantization error. The remarkable periodicity like NCWG is no longer seen.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of spurious due to quantization error in two types of NCWG fundamental waves.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of spurious caused by a quantization error in two types of NCWG's 8-fold frequency wave.

7 and 3 are graphs in which the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents normalized signal level [dB], and the normalized signal levels of two NCWGs at each frequency are superimposed and plotted.
In FIG. 7, it can be seen that NCWG-P maximum spurious -92.05 is relatively small but below the maximum spurious of conventional NCWG.

In FIG. 3, the spurious generated in the NCWG-P has periodicity only in every 8 periods in the 8 times frequency wave, so that the spurious is not concentrated on a specific frequency, which is 6.5 dB compared to the conventional NCWG. More or less.
Even if the full scale is expanded to 16 bits or the number of waveform divisions is tens of thousands, the spurious generation mechanism does not change. Therefore, when the waveform division number N is a prime number, the number of waveform divisions is, for example, 2 Compared to the product of small prime numbers, the maximum value of spurious generated is smaller.

According to the results of many simulations performed in accordance with the present invention, the maximum value of spurious generated is about 6 dB when the waveform division number is a prime number compared to the product of a power of 2 or a small prime number, for example. The knowledge that it reduces is obtained.
Conversely, when the number of waveform divisions is a product of a small number, the maximum value of spurious generated may become extremely large.

Next, the effectiveness of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8 is a plot of the maximum value of spurious generated at each freq when a sine wave having a multiple of the fundamental frequency freq of 1 to 999 is generated by two types of NCWG having a full scale of 16 bits.
In FIG. 8, in NCWG-T where the number of waveform divisions is 18432 = 2 ^ 11 × 3 ^ 2, the reference value by the dynamic range of the 16-bit number table is −20 log (2 ^ 16-1) about −96.3 dB. It can be seen that the maximum value of spurious is -94.1 dB, which is +2.2 dB which is larger than the reference value.

  On the other hand, in the example of NCWG-Q in which the number of waveform divisions is the same number of prime numbers 18427, it is −120.74 dB, and the spurious of the reference value of −20 log (2 ^ 16-419) ≈96.3 dB is obtained. The maximum value is as low as −24.5 dB, and the spurious reduction effect by making the waveform division number a prime number is clearly shown.

NCWG can generate a sine waveform and a cosine waveform from the waveform number table of ½ period and ¼ period, each of which is a prime number, using the symmetry.
Such a method has application to orthogonal vector detection and differential detection, respectively.

NCWG can generate a single combined waveform by simultaneously generating sine waves of three different frequencies from the numerical table obtained by dividing the waveform of ½ period and ¼ period into prime numbers using the symmetry. I can do it.
Such a method is applied to multi-channel simultaneous detection, harmonic detection, and the like.

In the present invention, an effect equivalent to that obtained by increasing the number of quantization bits of a general NCWG in which the number of waveform divisions is a product of a power of 2 or a small number is increased by 1 bit or more. In the limit of hardware such as a multiplier used in the mixer, the detection limit performance of the digital synchronous detector can be further improved with the same hardware scale.
Further, since the spurious signal does not fluctuate greatly depending on the signal to be generated, the reliability of the output signal is improved.

C ... Communicator 1 ... Digital synchronous detector 10 ... NCWG
11 ... Number table of fundamental wave (prime number division)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Read-out control part 20 ... Numerical mixer 30 ... Digital signal processing part 50 ... D / A converter 60 ... Transmission amplifier 70 ... Reception amplifier 80 ... A / D conversion vessel

Claims (3)

In a numerically controlled waveform generator that generates a predetermined waveform using a numerical table that includes numerical values representing fundamental waves,
One period of the waveform of the fundamental wave,
When the fundamental wave has symmetry with respect to at least one of the amplitude axis and the time axis, the fundamental half period,
Alternatively, if the fundamental wave has symmetry with respect to each of the amplitude axis and the time axis, a quarter period is used.
A numerical table including each amplitude value at each time as the numerical value when P is a preset prime number (P is an integer value of 1 or more) and equally divided;
A read control unit that generates one or more waveforms having an integer multiple of the fundamental wave by executing control to change a predetermined reading method;
A numerically controlled waveform generator comprising: The numerical table is
When the waveform that is the basis of the waveform of the fundamental wave is a waveform that does not include a direct current component, an integer obtained by adjusting the phase so that the zero crossing point of the function indicating the waveform does not become a sampling point, Including as a number,
The numerically controlled waveform generator according to claim 1.   A digital synchronous detector using the numerically controlled waveform generator according to claim 1 or 2 as a numerical local oscillator.

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