JP6165014B2 - Fluid composition analyzer, calorimeter, gas turbine plant equipped with the same, and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fluid composition analyzer for analyzing the composition of a sample fluid, a calorimeter equipped with the fluid composition analyzer, a gas turbine plant equipped with the calorimeter, and an operating method thereof.

  As a method of analyzing the composition of the fluid, there is a method of irradiating the fluid with excitation light and analyzing Raman scattered light from the fluid irradiated with the excitation light. As an apparatus for executing this method, for example, there is an analyzer described in Patent Document 1 below. The analyzer includes a measurement chamber in which a fluid flows, a laser irradiation device that oscillates laser light that is excitation light, a light irradiation optical system that irradiates the fluid in the measurement chamber with laser light from the laser irradiation device, A light receiving optical system for condensing the Raman scattered light from the fluid irradiated with the laser light, an optical fiber for receiving the Raman scattered light collected by the light receiving optical system, and a measuring unit for analyzing the light received by the optical fiber; It is equipped with.

  The light irradiation optical system is provided in a housing, and this housing is fixed to the measurement chamber. A light receiving optical system is also provided in the housing, and this housing is fixed to the measurement chamber.

JP 2011-80768 A

  In the analysis apparatus described in Patent Document 1, when the measurement chamber is thermally deformed due to the temperature of the target fluid or a change in the external environment, the optical axis of the light receiving optical system is changed with respect to the direction of the optical axis of the light irradiation optical system. The direction may change relatively, and the amount of Raman scattered light received by the optical fiber may be reduced. For this reason, the analysis apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that the accuracy of composition analysis may decrease due to the temperature of the target fluid, changes in the external environment, and the like.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of suppressing a decrease in accuracy of composition analysis due to a change in the temperature of a target fluid, an external environment, or the like.

The fluid composition analyzer as one aspect according to the invention for solving the above problems is
A measurement cell in which the sample fluid flows, a light entrance window that is provided in the measurement cell and allows excitation light to pass through the measurement cell, and a sample fluid that is provided in the measurement cell and irradiated with the excitation light. A light exit window that allows the Raman scattered light to pass out of the measurement cell, and a light exit portion that emits the excitation light, and the sample fluid in the measurement cell is irradiated through the light entrance window. Receiving optical system, a condensing optical system that condenses the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window, and a light receiving optical unit that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the condensing optical system A system, an analysis unit that analyzes the composition of the sample fluid based on the output from the light receiving unit, and a connecting member that directly connects the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system so that their positional relationship is not displaceable, With
An optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the connecting member is attached to the measurement cell so as not to move relative to a predetermined location of the measurement cell while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell. It has been.

  In the fluid composition analyzer, the positional relationship between the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system is directly coupled by the coupling member so as not to be displaced. Moreover, in the fluid composition analyzer, the optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the connecting member allows the measurement cell to be thermally moved and allows relative measurement with respect to a predetermined position of the measurement cell. It is attached to the cell. For this reason, in the fluid composition analyzer, even if the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid, the external environment, or the like, the optical unit is attached to the measurement cell while maintaining the state of the emission optical system. A change in the direction of the optical axis of the light receiving optical system with respect to the optical axis can be suppressed.

  Therefore, the fluid composition analyzer can suppress a decrease in the amount of Raman scattered light received by the light receiving unit of the light receiving optical system even when the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid or the external environment. Decrease in analysis accuracy can be suppressed.

Another embodiment of the fluid composition analyzer according to the invention for solving the above problems is as follows:
A measurement cell in which the sample fluid flows, a light entrance window that is provided in the measurement cell and allows excitation light to pass through the measurement cell, and a sample fluid that is provided in the measurement cell and irradiated with the excitation light. A light exit window that allows the Raman scattered light to pass out of the measurement cell, and a light exit portion that emits the excitation light, and the sample fluid in the measurement cell is irradiated through the light entrance window. Receiving optical system, a condensing optical system that condenses the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window, and a light receiving optical unit that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the condensing optical system A system, an analysis unit that analyzes the composition of the sample fluid based on the output from the light receiving unit, and a connecting member that directly connects the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system so that their positional relationship is not displaceable, With
The optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the connecting member allows light of the light receiving optical system relative to the direction of the optical axis of the emission optical system while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell. The direction of the axis is attached to the measurement cell so that relative displacement is impossible, and the light entrance window and the light exit window are provided at positions facing each other across a space in the measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows. The member is configured such that the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system are opposed to each other with an interval therebetween, and the optical axis of the emission optical system and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system are positioned on the same straight line, The measuring cell has a connecting rod that connects the optical system and the light receiving optical system to each other, and the measuring cell is formed with an engaging portion that penetrates in a direction in which the light entrance window and the light exit window face each other. The rod is engaged by being inserted through the engaging portion. It is.

  In the fluid composition analyzer, the positional relationship between the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system is directly coupled by the coupling member so as not to be displaced. In addition, in the fluid composition analyzer, the optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light reception optical system, and the connecting member allows light reception optics with respect to the direction of the optical axis of the emission optical system while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell. The direction of the optical axis of the system is attached to the measurement cell so that the relative displacement is impossible. For this reason, in the fluid composition analyzer, even if the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid, the external environment, or the like, the optical unit is attached to the measurement cell while maintaining the state of the emission optical system. A change in the direction of the optical axis of the light receiving optical system with respect to the optical axis can be suppressed.

  Therefore, even in the fluid composition analyzer, even if the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to changes in the temperature of the sample fluid or the external environment, the decrease in the amount of Raman scattered light received by the light receiving unit of the light receiving optical system can be suppressed. Decrease in analysis accuracy can be suppressed.

  Here, in any one of the fluid composition analyzers described above, the light entrance window and the light exit window are provided at positions facing each other across a space in the measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows. The member is configured such that the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system are opposed to each other with an interval therebetween, and the optical axis of the emission optical system and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system are positioned on the same straight line, The measuring cell has a connecting rod that connects the optical system and the light receiving optical system to each other, and the measuring cell is formed with an engaging portion that penetrates in a direction in which the light entrance window and the light exit window face each other. The rod may be engaged by being inserted through the engaging portion.

  In this case, in the fluid composition analyzer, the connecting rod is inserted with a gap with respect to the engaging portion, the connecting member is in contact with the connecting rod, and a contact position with the connecting rod is You may have the fixture which attaches the said connection rod to the said measurement cell so that relative movement is impossible with respect to the said measurement cell.

A fluid composition analyzer as still another aspect according to the invention for solving the above-described problems,
A measurement cell in which the sample fluid flows, a light entrance window that is provided in the measurement cell and allows excitation light to pass through the measurement cell, and a space in the measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows are sandwiched by the measurement cell A light exit window for passing Raman scattered light from the sample fluid irradiated with the excitation light to the outside of the measurement cell, and a light emitting section for emitting the excitation light. An exit optical system that irradiates the sample fluid in the measurement cell with the excitation light through the light entrance window; and a condensing optical system that collects the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window; A light receiving optical system having a light receiving portion that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the light collecting optical system, an analysis portion that analyzes the composition of the sample fluid based on an output from the light receiving portion, and the emission Position the optical system and the light receiving optical system relative to each other. There comprising a connecting member for connecting non-displaceable directly, and
The connecting member is configured such that the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system are opposed to each other with an interval, and the optical axis of the emission optical system and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system are positioned on the same straight line, A connecting rod for connecting the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system to each other; and a fixture for attaching the connecting rod to the measurement cell. The measurement cell includes the light entrance window and the light exit window. And an engaging portion penetrating in a direction opposite to each other, and the fixture comes into contact with the connecting rod inserted through the engaging portion, and a contact position with the connecting rod is relative to the measuring cell. The connecting rod is attached to the measuring cell so as not to move.

  In the fluid composition analyzer, the positional relationship between the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system is directly coupled by the coupling member so as not to be displaced. Moreover, in the fluid composition analyzer, the fixture contacts the connecting rod inserted through the engaging portion of the measurement cell, and the contact position with the connecting rod cannot move relative to the measurement cell. Even if the measurement cell is thermally deformed, the influence of the deformation on the connecting rod is small. For this reason, in the fluid composition analyzer, even if the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid or the external environment, the optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the connecting member becomes the measurement cell. A change in the direction of the optical axis of the light receiving optical system relative to the optical axis of the output optical system can be suppressed while maintaining the attached state.

  Therefore, the fluid composition analyzer can suppress a decrease in the amount of Raman scattered light received by the light receiving unit of the light receiving optical system even when the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid or the external environment. Decrease in analysis accuracy can be suppressed.

  Further, in any one of the fluid composition analyzers having the connection rod, the connection member holds the emission optical system and is attached to the connection rod, and an output optical system holding frame is attached to the connection rod. A mounting adjuster that adjusts the orientation and fixing position of the output optical system holding frame, a light receiving optical system holding frame that holds the light receiving optical system and is attached to the connecting rod, and the light receiving optical system holding frame with respect to the connecting rod And an attachment adjuster that adjusts the orientation and the fixed position.

  In any one of the fluid composition analyzers having the connecting rod, the connecting member may include four connecting rods parallel to each other.

  In any of the above fluid composition analyzers, at least a portion of the connecting member that is attached to the measurement cell may be formed of a material having an absolute value of a thermal expansion coefficient smaller than that of the measurement cell. .

  In any of the above fluid composition analyzers, the light exit window may be a filter that reflects the excitation light and allows the Raman scattered light to pass outside the measurement cell.

The calorimeter as one aspect according to the invention for solving the above problems is
One of the fluid composition analyzers described above, and a heat generation unit that calculates a calorific value of the sample fluid based on the composition of the sample fluid analyzed by the analysis unit of the fluid composition analyzer and outputs the calorific value A quantity calculator.

  Since the calorimeter includes the fluid composition analyzer, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the accuracy of the measured calorific value due to a decrease in the accuracy of the composition analysis due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid or the external environment.

A gas turbine plant as one aspect according to the invention for solving the above problems is as follows:
Using a gas turbine that is driven by burning fuel gas, using the fuel gas as the sample fluid, the calorimeter for obtaining the calorific value of the fuel gas, and the calorific value of the fuel gas output from the calorimeter And a control device for controlling the operation of the gas turbine.

An operation method of a gas turbine plant as one aspect according to the invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
In a method for operating a gas turbine plant including a gas turbine that is driven by burning fuel gas, the calorimeter is used to obtain a calorific value of the fuel gas using the fuel gas as the sample fluid, and the calorimeter The operation of the gas turbine is controlled using the calorific value of the fuel gas obtained in step (1).

  In the gas turbine plant and its operation method, even if the unit calorific value of the fuel gas changes, the gas turbine plant can be brought close to the target state in a short time.

  In the present invention, even if the measurement cell is thermally deformed due to changes in the temperature of the sample fluid or the external environment, the decrease in the amount of Raman scattered light received by the light receiving unit of the light receiving optical system can be suppressed, and the accuracy of composition analysis can be reduced. Can be suppressed.

It is a side view of the fluid composition analyzer in a first embodiment concerning the present invention. 1 is a perspective view of a fluid composition analyzer in a first embodiment according to the present invention. It is a principal part notched side view of the measurement cell in 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is IV arrow line view in FIG. It is the VV sectional view taken on the line in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the oscillator holding frame in 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the optical system of the fluid composition analyzer in 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the shift amount of the wavelength of the Raman scattered light emitted from each component with respect to the wavelength of the excitation light irradiated to the sample fluid, and the wavelength of the Raman scattered light emitted from each component when the excitation light has a predetermined wavelength. . It is a graph which shows the relationship between the wavelength of the Raman scattered light emitted from each component when a sample fluid is irradiated with excitation light, and the intensity | strength of each wavelength. It is explanatory drawing (the 1) which shows a state when the measurement cell in 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention is thermally deformed. It is explanatory drawing (the 2) which shows a state when the measurement cell in 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention is thermally deformed. It is the figure seen from the light-incidence window side of the fluid composition analyzer in the 1st modification of 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure seen from the light-incidence window side of the fluid composition analyzer in the 2nd modification of 1st embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a principal part notched top view of the fluid composition analyzer in 2nd embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a systematic diagram of the gas turbine plant in one embodiment concerning the present invention.

  Embodiments of a fluid composition analyzer according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

"First embodiment of fluid composition analyzer"
1st Embodiment of the fluid composition analyzer which concerns on this invention is described using FIGS.

  The sample fluid to be analyzed by the fluid composition analyzer of the present embodiment is, for example, fuel gas. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fluid composition analyzer M includes a measurement cell 10 in which a sample fluid G flows, and a light incident window 21 that is provided in the measurement cell 10 and allows excitation light to pass through the measurement cell 10. And a light exit window 22 that is provided in the measurement cell 10 and allows Raman scattered light from the sample fluid G to pass outside the measurement cell 10, and excitation light is applied to the sample fluid G in the measurement cell 10 through the light entrance window 21. The output optical system 30, the light receiving optical system 40 that receives the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window 22, the connecting member 50 that connects the output optical system 30 and the light receiving optical system 40, and the Raman that the light receiving optical system 40 receives. And an analyzer 90 that analyzes the composition of the sample fluid G based on the scattered light.

  The measurement cell 10 includes a rectangular parallelepiped first main body 11, an inflow pipe 19i connected to the first main body 11, and a rectangular parallelepiped second main body connected to the opposite side of the first main body 11 from the inflow pipe 19i. 18 and an outflow pipe 19o connected to the side opposite to the inflow pipe 19i of the second main body 18. Both the first main body 11 and the second main body 18 are formed by a plurality of wall plates, and a space through which the sample fluid G flows is formed. The measurement cell 10 is formed of a material having corrosion resistance, heat resistance, pressure resistance, etc. with respect to the sample fluid G, for example, a stainless material. A heater 81 such as a heating wire is wound around the measurement cell 10 in order to prevent the sample fluid G passing therethrough from condensing.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, of the plurality of wall plates 12 to 17 forming the rectangular parallelepiped first main body 11, one wall plate of the two wall plates facing each other is the inflow side wall plate 12. The other wall plate forms the outflow side wall plate 13. An inflow pipe 19 i is connected to the inflow side wall plate 12 of the first main body 11. A second main body 18 is connected to the outflow side wall plate 13 of the first main body 11. Of the plurality of wall plates 12 to 17 forming the first main body 11, one wall plate of the two wall plates connected to the inflow side wall plate 12 and the outflow side wall plate 13 and facing each other is provided with the light incident side wall plate 14. The other wall plate forms the light emission side wall plate 15. An opening 14 o is formed in the light incident side wall plate 14, and the opening 14 o is closed by the light incident window 21. The light entrance window 21 is fixed to the first main body 11 by a light entrance window frame 23. The light entrance window 21 transmits laser light. Further, an opening is formed in the light exit side wall plate 15 at a position facing the opening 14 o of the light entrance side wall plate 14, and this opening is closed by the light exit window 22. The light exit window 22 is fixed to the first main body 11 by a light exit window frame 24. The light exit window 22 functions as a filter that transmits the Raman scattered light while reflecting the laser light from the inside of the measurement cell 10. One wall plate of the remaining two wall plates among the plurality of wall plates 12 to 17 forming the first main body 11 forms the first side wall plate 16, and the other wall plate is the second side wall plate 17. Is made.

  Here, for convenience of the following description, the direction in which the light incident side wall plate 14 and the light outgoing side wall plate 15 face each other is defined as the Z direction, and the light exiting side wall plate 15 side with respect to the light incident side wall plate 14 is defined as the (+) Z side. To do. The direction in which the inflow side wall plate 12 and the outflow side wall plate 13 face each other in the direction perpendicular to the Z direction is defined as the Y direction, and the outflow side wall plate 13 side with respect to the inflow side wall plate 12 is defined as the (+) Y side. In addition, the direction in which the first side wall plate 16 and the second side wall plate 17 face each other in the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and the Z direction is defined as the X direction, and the second side wall plate 17 side with respect to the first side wall plate 16 is ( +) X side.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the light entrance window frame 23, the first side wall plate 16, the second side wall plate 17, and the light exit window frame 24 constituting the measurement cell 10 have through-holes (engagement holes) penetrating them in the Z direction. 25) is formed. As shown in FIG. 4, the through holes 25 are formed at four locations in the XY plane with the light entrance window 21 or the light exit window 22 as the center. Specifically, two through holes 25 are formed side by side in the X direction on the (−) Y side of the light entrance window 21 or the light exit window 22 in the XY plane, and the light entrance window 21 or the light exit in the XY plane. Two through holes 25 are formed side by side in the X direction on the (+) Y side of the window 22. Of the two through holes 25 formed on the (−) Y side of the light entrance window 21 or the light exit window 22 in the XY plane, one through hole 25 is located more than the light entrance window 21 or the light exit window 22. The other through hole 25 is formed on the (+) X side with respect to the light incident window 21 or the light exit window 22. Of the two through holes 25 formed on the (+) Y side of the light entrance window 21 or the light exit window 22 in the XY plane, one through hole 25 is located more than the light entrance window 21 or the light exit window 22. The other through hole 25 is formed on the (+) X side with respect to the light incident window 21 or the light exit window 22.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the emission optical system 30 includes a laser oscillator 31 that emits laser light that is excitation light, and a diaphragm 33 that restricts the laser light from the light emitting portion 32 of the laser oscillator 31. Have. The light receiving optical system 40 includes a condensing optical system 41 that condenses the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window 22, and a light receiving optical fiber 48 that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the condensing optical system 41. doing. A light transmitting optical fiber 91 that guides the received Raman scattered light to the analyzer 90 is connected to the light receiving optical fiber 48.

  The connecting member 50 includes four connecting rods 51 that extend in the Z direction and are parallel to each other, a fixture 52 that attaches the connecting rod 51 to the measurement cell 10, and an exit optical system that is attached to the connect rod 51 and holds the exit optical system 30. A holding frame 53, a light receiving optical system holding frame 63 that is attached to the connecting rod 51 and holds the light receiving optical system 40, an attachment adjuster 57 that adjusts the orientation and fixing position of the output optical system holding frame 53 with respect to the connecting rod 51, And an attachment adjuster 57 that adjusts the orientation and fixing position of the light receiving optical system holding frame 63 with respect to the connecting rod 51.

  The material of the connecting rod 51 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a material having a small absolute value of thermal expansion coefficient. For example, the connecting rod 51 may be formed of an invar material having a small absolute value of the thermal expansion coefficient near room temperature, a composite material containing carbon fiber, or the like. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer diameter of the connecting rod 51 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole 25 formed in the measurement cell 10. That is, even if the connecting rod 51 is inserted into the through hole 25 of the measurement cell 10, there is a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 25 and the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod 51. For this reason, even if the measurement cell 10 is deformed and the through hole 25 is slightly deformed, the linearity of the connecting rod 51 can be maintained.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the light entrance window frame 23 and the light exit window frame 24 are formed with screw holes that extend in a direction perpendicular to the Z direction and communicate with the through holes 25 from the outside. The fixture 52 for attaching the connecting rod 51 to the measurement cell 10 is a screw that is screwed into the screw hole. The term “screw” refers to a screw having no screw head having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the screw portion and having a tool hole such as a hexagonal hole formed at the end. One connecting rod 51 inserted into the through-hole 25 of the measurement cell 10 was screwed into the distal end portion of the fixture 52 screwed into the screw hole of the light entrance window frame 23 and the light exit window frame 24. The relative position with respect to the measurement cell 10 is maintained by the frictional force with the fixture 52 in contact with the tip of the fixture 52.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the emission optical system holding frame 53 includes an oscillator holding frame 55 that holds the laser oscillator 31 and an aperture holding frame 54 that holds the aperture 33. The light receiving optical system holding frame 63 includes a light collecting optical system holding frame 64 that holds the light collecting optical system 41 and a light receiving unit holding frame 65 that holds the light receiving optical fiber 48. Each holding frame 54, 55, 64, 65 has a through hole 58 that penetrates in the Z direction. The connecting rod 51 is inserted into the through hole 58 of each holding frame 54, 55, 64, 65. Each holding frame 54, 55, 64, 65 is fixed to the connecting rod 51 by the mounting adjuster 57 in a state where the connecting rod 51 is inserted. The attachment adjuster 57 is a screw that is screwed into each of the holding frames 54, 55, 64, 65 and whose tip is in contact with the connecting rod 51.

  The oscillator holding frame 55 is provided with an adjusting screw 56 that is screwed into the oscillator holding frame 55 and adjusts the position and orientation of the laser oscillator 31 with respect to the oscillator holding frame 55. As shown in FIG. 6, the adjustment screw 56 is a screw that is screwed into the oscillator holding frame 55 and whose tip is in contact with the laser oscillator 31. The light receiving unit holding frame 65 is provided with an adjusting screw 66 that is screwed into the light receiving unit holding frame 65 and adjusts the position and orientation of the light receiving optical fiber 48 with respect to the light receiving unit holding frame 65. The adjustment screw 66 is a screw that is screwed into the light receiving portion holding frame 65 and that has a tip portion in contact with the light receiving optical fiber 48.

  As described above, the connecting rod 51 is provided with the oscillator holding frame 55 that holds the laser oscillator 31, the aperture holding frame 54 that holds the aperture 33, and the condensing optical system 41 by the mounting adjuster 57. A condensing optical system holding frame 64 and a light receiving unit holding frame 65 holding the light receiving optical fiber 48 are attached. The above members attached to the connecting rod 51 are unitized by the connecting rod 51. In other words, the connecting unit 50 including the connecting rod 51, the emission optical system 30, and the light receiving optical system 40 constitute an optical unit U.

  In this optical unit U, the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 and the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 are located on the same straight line. The connecting rod 51, which is a component of the optical unit U, is inserted into the through-hole 25 of the measurement cell 10, and the connecting rod 51 is attached to the measurement cell 10 by the fixture 52, so that the optical unit U is attached to the measurement cell 10. It is attached. The connecting rod 51 is inserted with the connecting rod 51 through the through hole 25 of the measurement cell 10, and then the oscillator holding frame 55 and the diaphragm holding frame 54 are attached to the (−) Z side of the measuring cell 10. The condensing optical system holding frame 64 and the light receiving unit holding frame 65 are attached to the (+) Z side of the cell 10.

  In a state where the optical unit U is attached to the measurement cell 10, the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 and the optical axis Ao of the light reception optical system 40 both extend in the Z direction, and the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30. And the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 are located substantially in the center of the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22 in the XY plane. Further, in this state, one of the contact positions of the plurality of connecting rods 51 that are constituent elements of the optical unit U and the corresponding attachment 52 is measured while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell 10. It is impossible to move relative to the cell 10. In other words, in this state, the optical unit U allows the thermal deformation of the measurement cell 10 and does not move relative to the position where any one of the fixtures 52 is provided in the measurement cell 10. It is attached.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the condensing optical system 41 includes a condensing lens 42 composed of two plano-convex lenses 43, and a first light shielding member 44 positioned on the measurement cell 10 side with respect to the condensing lens 42. And a second light shielding member 45 and a filter 46 sandwiched between the two plano-convex lenses 43.

  The two plano-convex lenses 43 constitute the condensing lens 42 so as to face each other so that their planes are back to back. This condensing lens 42 is located between the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22, and receives the Raman scattered light from the sample fluid G in the measurement region R irradiated with the laser light. The light is received by a light receiving unit 49. The measurement region R is a region geometrically determined by the condensing optical system 41 and the light receiving surface 49, and all of the light that has passed through the condensing optical system 41 among the light generated from the region is geometric optical. In other words, the region reaches the light receiving surface 49. The size of the measurement region R viewed along the direction of the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 is mainly determined by the size of the light receiving surface 49 and the brightness (numerical aperture) of the light receiving optical system 40. Further, the size of the measurement region R in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 is mainly determined by the size of the light receiving surface 49 and the focal length of the light receiving optical system 40. In general, the measurement region R has a shape extending long in the direction of the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40.

  The first light shielding member 44 and the second light shielding member 45 have a disk shape, and the center thereof is located on the optical axis of the condenser lens 42, that is, the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40. In addition, the first light shielding member 44 and the second light shielding member 45 are determined in size and position so that their outlines overlap when viewed from the measurement region R. For this reason, the outer diameter of the first light shielding member 44 arranged closer to the measurement region R than the second light shielding member 45 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second light shielding member 45.

  The filter 46 is disposed between the two plano-convex lenses 43 and on the outer peripheral side of the second light shielding member 45. This filter 46 selectively transmits Raman scattered light.

  Next, the analysis operation by the fluid composition analyzer M described above will be described.

  Here, it is assumed that the sample fluid G flows into the measurement cell 10 from the inflow pipe 19i of the measurement cell 10 and flows out from the outflow pipe 19o of the measurement cell 10. The laser light oscillated from the laser oscillator 31 of the emission optical system 30 is irradiated by the sample fluid G in the measurement cell 10 through the light incident window 21 after being narrowed by the diaphragm 33.

  When the sample fluid G is irradiated with laser light that is excitation light, Raman scattered light having a specific wavelength is generated for each component in the sample fluid G. In other words, when the sample fluid G is irradiated with laser light having a predetermined wavelength, as shown in FIG. 8, the Raman whose wavelength is shifted from the wavelength of the laser light by a specific shift amount for each component in the sample fluid G. Scattered light is generated. It is known that the intensity of Raman scattered light is large on the front side and the rear side in the incident axis direction of the excitation light. Hereinafter, the front side Raman scattered light is referred to as a front side Raman scattered light, and the rear side Raman scattered light is referred to as a rear side Raman scattered light.

  When the sample fluid G is irradiated with laser light from the light incident window 21 side ((−) Z side), Raman scattered light is generated. Among the Raman scattered light, the front-side Raman scattered light having a high intensity passes through the light exit window 22. Of the laser light transmitted through the light entrance window 21, the laser light reaching the light exit window 22 is reflected by the light exit window 22. Even if the sample fluid G is irradiated with laser light from the light exit window 22 side ((+) Z side), Raman scattered light is generated. Among the Raman scattered light, the rear-side Raman scattered light having a high intensity passes through the light exit window 22.

  The Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window 22 is condensed on the light receiving surface (light receiving portion) 49 of the light receiving optical fiber 48 by the condenser lens 42 and enters the light receiving optical fiber 48. This Raman scattered light reaches the analyzer 90 through the light receiving optical fiber 48 and the light transmitting optical fiber 91 and is analyzed by the analyzer 90.

  When the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22 are contaminated by the sample fluid G, and this contaminated portion is irradiated with laser light, noise light is generated. Raman scattered light is extremely weak light, and if noise light is present, the composition analysis accuracy decreases. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first light shielding member 44 and the second light shielding member 45 reduce noise light entering the light receiving optical fiber 48.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the light entrance window 21 is disposed farther from the condensing lens 42 than the measurement region R. Further, the light exit window 22 is disposed closer to the measurement region R than the condenser lens 42. For this reason, when viewed from the condenser lens 42, the viewing angle of the noise generating portion of the light exit window 22 is larger than the viewing angle of the noise generating portion of the light entrance window 21. In the present embodiment, noise light from the light exit window 22 having a large viewing angle is efficiently shielded by the first light shield member 44 that is close to the light exit window 22 and has a small outer diameter. Further, in the present embodiment, noise light from the light incident window 21 having a small viewing angle is efficiently shielded by the second light shielding member 45 that is far from the light incident window 21 and the light exit window 22 and has a large outer diameter.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, noise light can be efficiently shielded without shielding much of the Raman scattered light. Therefore, in this embodiment, the SN ratio of the Raman scattered light entering the light receiving optical fiber 48 can be increased. The mechanism for reducing the noise light is described in detail in International Publication No. 2013/031896.

  The analyzer 90 receives the Raman scattered light received by the light-receiving optical fiber 48 via the light-transmitting optical fiber 91, divides it, and outputs the intensity for each wavelength, for example, as shown in FIG. As described above, when the sample fluid G is irradiated with laser light having a predetermined wavelength, Raman scattered light whose wavelength is shifted by a specific shift amount from the wavelength of the laser light is generated for each component in the sample fluid G. Therefore, by recognizing in advance the wavelength of the laser light applied to the sample fluid G and the shift amount of the wavelength of the Raman scattered light from each component when this laser light is applied, Components can be analyzed. Moreover, the intensity | strength of each Raman scattered light shows the density | concentration in the sample fluid G of the component which emits the Raman scattered light. For this reason, the density | concentration in the sample fluid G of the component which emits the Raman scattered light can also be grasped | ascertained from the intensity | strength of each Raman scattered light. The analyzer 90 outputs the intensity for each wavelength, but may output the corresponding component and its concentration for each wavelength.

  By the way, the measurement cell 10 is deformed by the temperature and pressure of the sample fluid G, changes in the external environment, and the like. Since the deformation of the measurement cell 10 is considered to be mainly caused by the temperature of the sample fluid G, the following description will be made assuming that the measurement cell is particularly thermally deformed. If the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed and the orientation of the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 with respect to the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 changes, the measurement region is elongated and distributed around the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40. Laser light does not enter R. Since the Raman scattered light generated outside the measurement region R does not enter the light receiving optical fiber 48, the front side Raman scattered light generated by the irradiation of the laser light to the sample fluid G from the light incident window 21 side enters the light receiving optical fiber 48. The amount of light when entering is reduced. Similarly, the amount of light when the rear-side Raman scattered light generated by the laser light irradiation to the sample fluid G from the light exit window 22 side enters the light receiving optical fiber 48 is reduced. Therefore, the SN ratio of Raman scattered light is reduced.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the emission optical system 30 and the light receiving optical system 40 are directly connected by the connecting member 50 such that the positional relationship between them is not displaceable. Is attached to the measurement cell 10 so as not to move relative to a predetermined portion of the measurement cell 10 while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell 10. Therefore, in this embodiment, even if the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed, a change in the direction of the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 with respect to the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 can be suppressed.

  Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, among the plurality of wall plates forming the measurement cell 10 due to changes in the temperature of the sample fluid G, the external environment, etc., the first side wall plates 16 that face each other in the X direction. And the second side wall plate 17 extend in the Z direction. In this case, it is assumed that the extension amount of the second side wall plate 17 in the Z direction is larger than the extension amount of the first side wall plate 16 in the Z direction.

The connecting rod 51 a inserted through the through hole 25 a of the first side wall plate 16 includes a fixture 52 a ₁ screwed into the light entrance window frame 23 and a fixture 52 a ₂ screwed into the light exit window frame 24. Thus, the relative position with respect to the measurement cell 10 is held. Further, the connecting rod 51 b inserted into the through hole 25 b of the second side wall plate 17 is also attached to the fixture 52 b ₁ screwed into the light entrance window frame 23 and the fixture 52 b screwed into the light exit window frame 24. ₂ holds the relative position with respect to the measurement cell 10.

Suppose that there is a difference between the amount of elongation in the Z direction of the first side wall plate 16 and the amount of elongation in the Z direction of the connecting rod 51a inserted through the through hole 25a of the first side wall plate 16. Furthermore, it is assumed that, of the fixtures 52a ₁ and 52a ₂ that attach the connecting rod 51a to the measurement cell 10, the fixture 52a ₁ has a smaller frictional force at the contact position with the connecting rod 51a. In this case, the fixture 52a ₁ frictional force is small at the contact position, the connecting rod 51a is relatively moved in the Z direction. In this case, with respect to the fixture 52a ₂ frictional force is large at the contact position, the connecting rod 51a does not move relative to the Z direction. Therefore, the first side wall plate 16 expands and contracts in the Z direction on the basis of the contact position between the attachment tool 52a ₂ having a large frictional force and the connecting rod 51a and the position where the attachment tool 52a ₂ is provided in the measurement cell 10. To do.

Also, suppose that there is a difference between the amount of extension of the second side wall plate 17 in the Z direction and the amount of extension of the connecting rod 51b inserted through the through hole 25b of the second side wall plate 17 in the Z direction. Furthermore, it is assumed that, of the fixtures 52b ₁ and 52b ₂ that attach the connecting rod 51b to the measurement cell 10, the fixture 52b ₁ has a smaller frictional force at the contact position with the connecting rod 51b. In this case, with respect to the fixture 52 b ₁ frictional force is small at the contact position, the connecting rod 51b is relatively moved in the Z direction. In this case, with respect to the fixture 52 b ₂ frictional force is large at the contact position, the connecting rod 51b does not move relative to the Z direction. Therefore, the second side wall plate 17 expands and contracts in the Z direction on the basis of the contact position between the attachment tool 52b ₂ and the connecting rod 51b having a large frictional force and the position where the attachment tool 52b ₂ is provided in the measurement cell 10. To do.

  Further, if the extension amount in the Z direction of the second side wall plate 17 is larger than the extension amount in the Z direction of the first side wall plate 16, the center portion in the Z direction of the first side wall plate 16 and the second side wall plate 17. Slightly bulges to the (+) X side. For this reason, the through holes 25 formed in the first side wall plate 16 and the second side wall plate 17 are slightly curved. However, in this embodiment, since there is a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 25 and the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod 51, the connecting rod is deformed even if the measuring cell 10 is deformed and the through hole 25 is slightly deformed. The linearity of 51 can be maintained.

  In the present embodiment, even when the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed as described above, the connecting rod 51 that is a component of the optical unit U does not move relative to a predetermined position of the measurement cell 10 and Linearity is maintained. Therefore, in this embodiment, even when the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed as described above, the light receiving optical system with respect to the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 is maintained while maintaining the state in which the optical unit U is attached to the measurement cell 10. A change in the direction of the optical axis Ao of the system 40 can be suppressed.

  Moreover, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, the inflow side wall plate 12 and the outflow side wall that face each other in the Y direction among a plurality of wall plates forming the measurement cell 10 due to changes in the temperature of the sample fluid G, the external environment, or the like. It is assumed that the plate 13 extends in the Z direction. In this case, it is assumed that the extension amount of the inflow side wall plate 12 in the Z direction is larger than the extension amount of the outflow side wall plate 13 in the Z direction.

A connecting rod 51c inserted through a through hole 25c formed on the (−) Y side from the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22 in the measurement cell 10 is screwed into the light entrance window frame 23. The relative position with respect to the measurement cell 10 is held by 52c ₁ and the fixture 52c ₂ screwed into the light exit window frame 24. Further, the connecting rod 51 d inserted through the through hole 25 d formed on the (+) Y side from the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22 in the measurement cell 10 is also screwed into the light entrance window frame 23. by the fixture 52 d _2, which is incorporated threaded into the fixture 52 d ₁ and Idemitsu window frame 24, the relative position between the measurement cell 10 is held.

Temporarily, in the measurement cell 10, the extension amount in the Z direction of the connecting rod 51c inserted through the through hole 25c formed on the (−) Y side from the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22, and the periphery of the through hole 25c. It is assumed that there is a difference in the amount of elongation in the Z direction of the measurement cell 10 at Furthermore, it is assumed that, of the fixtures 52c ₁ and 52c ₂ that attach the connecting rod 51c to the measurement cell 10, the fixture 52c ₁ has a smaller frictional force at the contact position with the connecting rod 51c. In this case, the fixture 52c ₁ frictional force is small at the contact position between the connecting rod 51c, the connecting rod 51c is relatively moved in the Z direction. In this case, with respect to the fixture 52c ₂ frictional force is large at the contact position between the connecting rod 51c, the connecting rod 51c does not move relative to the Z direction. Therefore, the contact position between the large fixture 52c ₂ and the connecting rod 51c of the frictional force, and the position relative to the mounting member 52c ₂ is provided in the measuring cell 10, through which the connecting rod 51c is inserted The portion of the measurement cell 10 around the hole 25c expands and contracts in the Z direction.

Further, suppose that the extension amount in the Z direction of the connecting rod 51d inserted into the through hole 25d formed on the (+) Y side from the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22 in the measurement cell 10, and the through hole 25d. It is assumed that there is a difference in the amount of elongation in the Z direction of the portion of the measurement cell 10 around. Furthermore, it is assumed that, of the fixtures 52d ₁ and 52d ₂ that attach the connecting rod 51d to the measurement cell 10, the fixture 52d ₁ has a smaller frictional force at the contact position with the connecting rod 51d. In this case, with respect to the fixture 52 d ₁ frictional force is small at the contact position between the connecting rod 51d, the connecting rod 51d is relatively moved in the Z direction. In this case, with respect to the fixture 52 d ₂ frictional force is large at the contact position between the connecting rod 51d, the connecting rod 51d is not relative movement in the Z direction. Therefore, the contact position between the large fixture 52 d ₂ and the connecting rod 51d of the frictional force, and the position relative to the mounting member 52 d ₂ is provided in the measuring cell 10, through which the connecting rod 51d is inserted The portion of the measurement cell 10 around the hole 25d expands and contracts in the Z direction.

  Further, if the extension amount of the inflow side wall plate 12 in the Z direction is larger than the extension amount of the outflow side wall plate 13 in the Z direction, the substantially central portion in the Z direction of the outflow side wall plate 13 and the inflow side wall plate 12 is (− ) Swells slightly to the Y side. For this reason, in the measurement cell 10, the through hole 25 c formed on the (−) Y side from the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22, and (+) Y from the light entrance window 21 and the light exit window 22 in the measurement cell 10. The through hole 25d formed on the side is slightly curved. However, in this embodiment, since there is a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 25 and the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod 51, the connecting rod is deformed even if the measuring cell 10 is deformed and the through hole 25 is slightly deformed. The linearity of 51 can be maintained.

  In the present embodiment, even when the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed as described above, the connecting rod 51 that is a component of the optical unit U moves relative to a predetermined position of the measurement cell 10 as described above. In such a state, the linearity of the connecting rod 51 is maintained. Therefore, in this embodiment, even when the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed as described above, the light receiving optical system with respect to the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 is maintained while maintaining the state in which the optical unit U is attached to the measurement cell 10. A change in the direction of the optical axis Ao of the system 40 can be suppressed.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, even if the measurement cell 10 is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid G, the external environment, or the like, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of Raman scattered light entering the light receiving optical fiber 48, and An increase in noise light entering the light receiving optical fiber 48 can be suppressed. For this reason, in this embodiment, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the accuracy of the composition analysis due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid G, the external environment, or the like.

  The fluid composition analyzer M of the present embodiment also includes an attachment adjuster 57 that adjusts the orientation and fixing position of the emission optical system holding frame 53 with respect to the connecting rod 51, and the orientation and fixing of the light receiving optical system holding frame 63 with respect to the connecting rod 51. A mounting adjustment tool 57 for adjusting the position, an adjusting screw 56 for adjusting the position and orientation of the laser oscillator 31 with respect to the oscillator holding frame 55, and an adjusting screw 66 for adjusting the position and orientation of the light receiving optical fiber 48 with respect to the light receiving portion holding frame 65 are provided. doing. Therefore, each of the emission optical system 30, the laser oscillator 31 and the diaphragm 33 constituting the emission optical system 30, the light receiving optical system 40, and the condensing lens 42 and the light receiving optical fiber 48 constituting the light receiving optical system 40, respectively. And the directions of the optical axes Ai and Ao can be adjusted.

  In the present embodiment, the light entrance window frame 23, the first side wall plate 16, the second side wall plate 17, and the light exit window frame 24 are formed with through holes 25 (engagement portions) penetrating them in the Z direction. The connecting rod 51 is inserted through the through hole 25. However, as shown in FIG. 12, the light entrance window frame 23, the first side wall plate 16, the second side wall plate 17, and the light exit window frame 24 are stretched toward or outside the measurement cell 10. While forming the flange part 28 to take out, the through-hole 29 penetrated to a Z direction may be formed in the flange part 28, and the connecting rod 51 may be penetrated by this through-hole 29. FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the flange portion is formed with a through hole 29a penetrating in the Z direction, and a part of the through hole 29a along the inner periphery is notched, and the flange portion is hooked. It is good also as part 28b.

  In the present embodiment, four connecting rods 51 are attached to the measurement cell 10. However, the number of connecting rods 51 is not limited to this. For example, the number of connecting rods 51 may be two or one. In these cases, it is preferable to increase the outer diameter of the connecting rod 51 in order to increase the rigidity of the connecting rod 51 compared to the case of four.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the attachment tool 52 is arrange | positioned in two different positions in a Z direction with respect to the one connecting rod 51 extended in a Z direction. However, with respect to one connecting rod 51, the fixtures 52 may be arranged at three or more different positions in the Z direction, or the fixtures 52 may be arranged only at one position.

  Moreover, although the fluid composition analyzer M of this embodiment has the 1st light shielding member 44 and the 2nd light shielding member 45, it may have only any one light shielding member, or both light shielding members. May not be included. However, from the viewpoint of reducing noise light, it is preferable to have both light shielding members as in this embodiment.

“Second Embodiment of Fluid Composition Analyzer”
A second embodiment of the fluid composition analyzer according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  Similarly to the fluid composition analyzer M of the first embodiment, the fluid composition analyzer Ma of the present embodiment also includes a measurement cell 10a in which the sample fluid G flows, and excitation light in the measurement cell 10a provided in the measurement cell 10a. A light entrance window 21 that passes through, a light exit window 22 that is provided in the measurement cell 10 a and allows Raman scattered light from the sample fluid G to pass outside the measurement cell 10 a, and excitation light in the measurement cell 10 a through the light entrance window 21. The composition of the sample fluid G is analyzed based on the emission optical system 30 that irradiates the sample fluid G, the light receiving optical system 40 that receives the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window 22, and the Raman scattered light that is received by the light receiving optical system 40. Analyzer 90, and a connecting member 50a for connecting the output optical system 30 and the light receiving optical system 40.

  The measurement cell 10a has a rectangular parallelepiped main body 11a, an inflow pipe 19i connected to the main body 11a, and an outflow pipe 19o connected to the opposite side of the inflow pipe 19i of the main body 11a. The main body 11a is formed by a plurality of wall plates, and a space through which the sample fluid G flows is formed. Of the plurality of wall plates forming the main body 11a, one of the two wall plates facing each other forms an inflow side wall plate 12a, and the other wall plate forms an outflow side wall plate 13a. An inflow pipe 19i is connected to the inflow side wall plate 12a, and an outflow pipe 19o is connected to the outflow side wall plate 13a. Of the plurality of wall plates forming the main body 11a, one wall plate of the two wall plates connected to the inflow side wall plate 12 and the outflow side wall plate 13 and facing each other forms a light incident side wall plate 14a, and the other wall plate The wall plate forms a light incident facing wall plate 15a. An opening 14 o is formed in the light incident side wall plate 14 a, and the opening 14 o is closed by the light incident window 21. In addition, one of the remaining two wall plates of the plurality of wall plates forming the main body 11a forms a light exit side wall plate 17a, and the other wall plate forms a light output facing wall plate 16a. An opening 17 o is formed in the light exit side wall plate 17 a, and the opening 17 o is closed by the light exit window 22.

  Here, for convenience of the following description, the direction in which the light incident side wall plate 14a and the light incident facing wall plate 15a face each other is defined as the Z direction, and the light incident facing wall plate 15a side is (+ ) Z side. The direction in which the inflow side wall plate 12 and the outflow side wall plate 13 face each other in the direction perpendicular to the Z direction is defined as the Y direction, and the outflow side wall plate 13 side with respect to the inflow side wall plate 12 is defined as the (+) Y side. In addition, the direction in which the light exit side wall plate 17a and the light output facing wall plate 16a face each other in the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and the Z direction is the X direction, and the light output side wall plate 17a side is (+) with respect to the light output facing wall plate 16a. X side.

  In the present embodiment, the light incident side wall plate 14a faces the Z direction, and the light outgoing side wall plate 17a faces the X direction. For this reason, unlike the first embodiment, the light entrance window 21 provided on the light entrance side wall plate 14a and the light exit window 22 provided on the light exit side wall plate 17a are not opposed to each other.

  The optical axis Ai of the exit optical system 30 extends in the Z direction and is located at the approximate center of the light entrance window 21 in the XY plane. The output optical system 30 includes a laser oscillator 31 and a diaphragm 33 as in the first embodiment. The optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 extends in the X direction, and is positioned substantially at the center of the light exit window 22 in the YZ plane. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 is orthogonal to the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30. The light receiving optical system 40 includes a condensing optical system 41 and a light receiving optical fiber 48. A light transmitting optical fiber 91 that guides the received Raman scattered light to the analyzer 90 is connected to the light receiving optical fiber 48.

  The connecting member 50a includes an oscillator holding frame 55 that holds the laser oscillator 31, a diaphragm holding frame 54 that holds the diaphragm 33, a light-emitting side connecting rod 53a that connects the oscillator holding frame 55 and the diaphragm holding frame 54 to each other, The condensing optical system holding frame 64 for holding the condensing optical system 41, the light receiving unit holding frame 65 for holding the light receiving optical fiber 48, and the condensing optical system holding frame 64 and the light receiving unit holding frame 65 are connected to each other. The light receiving side connecting rod 63a, the light emitting side connecting rod 53a and the light receiving side connecting rod 63a are connected to each other, and the light emitting side-light receiving side connecting rod 59a and the mounting member for attaching the light emitting side-light receiving side connecting rod 59a to the measuring cell 10a. 52a.

  Also in this embodiment, the optical unit Ua is comprised with the connection member 50a, the output optical system 30, and the light reception optical system 40 similarly to 1st embodiment.

  The light emitting side-light receiving side connecting rod 59a, which is a component of the optical unit Ua, is attached to the corner of the light incident side wall plate 14a and the light outgoing side wall plate 17a among the plurality of wall plates forming the measurement cell 10a. It is fixed by. That is, the optical unit Ua is fixed to one place of the measurement cell 10a. For this reason, even if the measurement cell 10a is thermally deformed due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid G or the external environment, the deformation of the optical unit Ua with respect to the heat deformation can be minimized.

  As described above, also in the present embodiment, the output optical system 30 and the light receiving optical system 40 are directly connected by the connecting member 50a so that the mutual positional relationship is not displaceable, and the optical having the output optical system 30 and the light receiving optical system 40. The unit U is attached to the measurement cell 10a so as not to move relative to a predetermined portion of the measurement cell 10a while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell 10a. Therefore, also in this embodiment, even if the measurement cell 10a is thermally deformed, a change in the direction of the optical axis Ao of the light receiving optical system 40 relative to the optical axis Ai of the emission optical system 30 can be suppressed. For this reason, also in this embodiment, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the accuracy of composition analysis due to a change in the temperature of the sample fluid G, the external environment, or the like.

  Note that the optical units U and Ua of the embodiments described above include a laser oscillator 31. However, the optical units U and Ua may not include the laser oscillator 31 as long as the optical units U and Ua include the light emitting unit 32 that emits the excitation light. In this case, the laser oscillator 31 is not attached to the connecting member 50a which is a constituent element of the optical units U and Ua, an optical fiber is connected to the laser oscillator 31, and the end of the optical fiber is used as a light emitting portion to the connecting members 50 and 50a. Install. Further, the optical units U and Ua of the above embodiments do not include the analyzer 90. However, when a small analyzer 90 can be adopted, the analyzer 90 may be attached to the connecting members 50 and 50a, and the analyzer 90 may be a part of the optical units U and Ua.

“Embodiment of gas turbine plant”
An embodiment of a gas turbine plant according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The gas turbine plant of this embodiment is supplied to the gas turbine 110, the generator 120 that generates power by driving the gas turbine 110, the gas compressor 121 that compresses fuel gas by driving the gas turbine 110, and the gas turbine 110. A calorimeter 140 for outputting the calorific value of the fuel gas, and a controller 145 for controlling the state of the gas turbine 110 and the like.

  The gas turbine 110 includes an air compressor 111 that compresses air A to generate compressed air, a combustor 115 that generates a high-temperature combustion gas by burning fuel gas in the compressed air, and a turbine 116 that is driven by the combustion gas. And.

  The air compressor 111 includes a compressor rotor, a compressor casing that rotatably covers the compressor rotor, and an intake air amount adjuster 112 that adjusts the intake air amount of the air A. The intake air amount adjuster 112 includes an inlet guide vane 113 provided on the suction port side of the compressor casing, and a guide vane driver 114 that changes the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 113.

  The turbine 116 has a turbine rotor that is rotated by combustion gas, and a turbine casing that rotatably covers the turbine rotor. The compressor rotor and the turbine rotor are connected to each other and integrally form a gas turbine rotor 117.

  The generator 120 has a generator rotor and a generator casing that rotatably covers the generator rotor. The generator rotor is connected to the gas turbine rotor 117. For this reason, when the gas turbine rotor 117 rotates, the generator rotor also rotates integrally.

  The gas compressor 121 includes a compressor rotor and a compressor casing that rotatably covers the compressor rotor. The compressor rotor of the gas compressor 121 is mechanically connected to the generator rotor or the gas turbine rotor 117 via the speed reducer 122. The discharge port of the gas compressor 121 and the combustor 115 are connected by a high-pressure fuel gas line 134. The high-pressure fuel gas line 134 is provided with a fuel flow rate adjusting valve 137 for adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas passing therethrough.

  This gas turbine plant is supplied with fuel gas from an iron mill 151 and a coke plant 152. The steelworks 151 generates BFG (Blast Furnace Gas) as a low calorie fuel gas from the blast furnace of the steelworks 151. A BFG line 131 through which BFG flows is connected to the blast furnace. The BFG line 131 is provided with a BFG flow rate adjustment valve 135 for adjusting the flow rate of the BFG. The coke plant 152 generates COG (Coke Oven Gas) as a high calorie fuel gas from the coke oven of the coke plant 152. A COG line 132 through which COG flows is connected to the coke oven. The COG line 132 is provided with a COG flow rate adjustment valve 136 for adjusting the flow rate of COG. The BFG line 131 and the COG line 132 merge to form a low pressure fuel gas line 133. The low pressure fuel gas line 133 is connected to the suction port of the gas compressor 121. The low pressure fuel gas line 133 is provided with an electrostatic precipitator (EP) 123 that collects dust and the like in the gas passing through the low pressure fuel gas line 133. The aforementioned high-pressure fuel gas line 134 branches off as a recirculation line 138 on the way. The recirculation line 138 is provided with a circulation flow rate control valve 138a for adjusting the flow rate of the gas passing through the recirculation line 138. In the low-pressure fuel gas line 133, it is connected to a position downstream of the electric dust collector 123. Further, in this low-pressure fuel gas line 133, sampling is performed such that the recirculation line 138 is further downstream than the position where the recirculation line 138 joins the low-pressure fuel gas line 133 and branches from the low-pressure fuel gas line 133 to join the low-pressure fuel gas line 133 again. A line 139 is provided.

  The sampling line 139 is provided with the calorimeter 140 described above. The calorimeter 140 is based on the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma) according to any of the embodiments described above and the unit gas fuel volume based on the analysis result of the fuel gas by the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma). A calorific value calculator 141 for obtaining a unit calorific value, which is a calorific value of. The inflow pipe 19i and the outflow pipe 19o of the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma) are connected to the sampling line 139.

  The calorific value calculator 141 uses the intensity of Raman scattered light for each component in the fuel gas output from the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma), that is, the intensity of light having a wavelength corresponding to each component, to generate combustion gas. Find the unit calorific value.

As shown in FIG. 9, the following formula (1) indicates that the fuel gas is carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (N ₂ ), methane (CH ₄ ), water vapor (H ₂ O ) And hydrogen (H ₂ ), the high calorific value (HHV) per unit volume of the fuel gas is obtained. Further, the following formula (2) is a formula for obtaining the lower heating value (LHV) per unit volume of the fuel gas in the same case.

HHV is a calorific value (kcal / m ³ N) including heat of condensation of moisture generated by combustion of fuel gas as a calorific value. LHV is a calorific value (kcal / m ³ N) that does not include the heat of condensation of moisture generated by the combustion of fuel gas as a calorific value. In the formulas (1) to (8), CN ₂ is a mole fraction of N ₂ , CCO is a mole fraction of CO, CCO ₂ is a mole fraction of CO ₂ , and CH ₂ O is H _2. The mole fraction of O, CH ₂ is the mole fraction of H ₂ , and CCH ₄ is the mole fraction of CH ₄ . The mole fraction of each component can be obtained by the following formulas (3) to (8).

The calorific value calculator 141 calculates the relative intensity ICO / of the carbon monoxide component with respect to the light intensity IN ₂ of the nitrogen component from the intensity of the Raman scattered light for each component in the fuel gas output from the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma). IN ₂ , relative intensity of carbon dioxide component relative to light intensity of nitrogen component ICO ₂ / IN ₂ , relative intensity of water vapor component relative to light intensity of nitrogen component IH ₂ O / IN ₂ , relative intensity of hydrogen component relative to light intensity of nitrogen component The relative intensity ICH ₄ / IN ₂ of the methane component with respect to the light intensity of the nitrogen component is determined as IH ₂ / IN ₂ . Next, the calorific value calculator 141 uses the relative intensity of each component, the formula (1) or the formula (2), and the formulas (3) to (8) to calculate the higher heating value (HHV) of the fuel gas. Alternatively, the lower heating value (LHV) is obtained.

  Based on the unit calorific value (HHV or LHV) of the fuel gas output from the calorimeter 140, the control device 145 controls the BFG flow rate adjustment valve 135, the COG flow rate adjustment valve 136, the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 137, and the intake air amount adjuster 112. Control at least one of the When the unit calorific value of the fuel gas flowing through the low-pressure fuel gas line 133 changes, for example, the control device 145 executes one of the following controls (1) to (3).

(1) The control device 145 adjusts the flow rate ratio between the BFG and the COG so that the unit calorific value measured by the calorimeter 140 becomes the original value or the set value. The valve opening degree of at least one of the valves 136 is controlled.
(2) The control device 145 opens the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 137 so that the amount of fuel heat per unit time of the fuel gas supplied to the combustor 115 is constant or the gas turbine output becomes the target output. Control the degree. Alternatively, the control device 145 controls the valve opening degree of the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 137 so that the temperature of the combustion gas inlet of the turbine 116 becomes the target temperature.
(3) The control device 145 controls the intake air amount so that the fuel / air ratio, which is the flow ratio between the fuel gas and the compressed air supplied to the combustor 115, is constant, or the gas turbine output becomes the target output. The opening degree of the 112 inlet guide vanes 113 is controlled.

  As described above, the calorimeter 140 of the present embodiment is a fuel gas based on the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma) of any embodiment and the analysis result of the fuel gas by the fluid composition analyzer M (Ma). A calorific value calculator 141 for obtaining a unit calorific value of For this reason, the calorimeter 140 of the present embodiment can suppress a decrease in the accuracy of the measured calorific value due to a decrease in the accuracy of the composition analysis due to a change in the temperature of the fuel gas or the external environment. Further, since the calorimeter 140 of the present embodiment obtains the unit calorific value of the fuel gas based on the analysis of the Raman scattered light, for example, rather than obtaining the unit calorific value of the fuel gas using a chromatography method, The unit calorific value of the fuel gas can be obtained in an extremely short time.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, even if the unit calorific value of the fuel gas changes, the gas turbine plant can be brought close to the target state in a very short time.

  The calorific value calculator 141 can also determine the specific heat ratio of the fuel gas based on the specific heat ratio of each component registered in advance and the concentration of each component of the fuel gas. In that case, the control device 145 can perform sardine prevention control of the gas compressor 121 based on the specific heat ratio of the fuel gas output from the calorimeter 140. That is, if the pressure ratio of the gas compressor 121 (ratio of the pressure of the fuel gas at the suction port and the discharge port of the gas compressor 121) exceeds a certain value, surging may occur. Here, the pressure ratio that becomes the surging limit is determined by the specific heat ratio of the fuel gas and the corrected rotational speed of the gas compressor 121. Therefore, the control device 145 calculates an accurate surging limit pressure ratio based on the specific heat ratio of the fuel gas output from the calorimeter 140, and avoids surging when the actual pressure ratio of the gas compressor approaches this. Perform the action. Specifically, the control device 145 performs an operation of, for example, opening the circulation flow rate control valve 138 a provided in the recirculation line 138 of the gas compressor 121 to lower the pressure ratio of the gas compressor 121. Thus, surging can be prevented even if the composition of the fuel gas varies.

  In addition, the fuel of the gas turbine in this embodiment is either BFG simple, COG simple, or the mixture of BFG and COG. However, the fuel for the gas turbine may be BFG alone or COG alone. Further, the fuel of the gas turbine 110 may be other fuel gas, such as natural gas or biogas.

  10, 10a ... measurement cell, 11: first body, 11a: body, 19i: inflow pipe, 19o: outflow pipe, 21: light entrance window, 22: light exit window, 30: exit optical system, 31: laser oscillator, 32 : Light emitting part, 33: Aperture, 40: Light receiving optical system, 41: Condensing optical system, 42: Condensing lens, 48: Optical fiber for light receiving (light receiving part), 50, 50a: Connecting member, 51: Connecting rod, 52: Mounting tool, 53: Emitting optical system holding frame, 57: Mounting adjusting tool, 63: Receiving optical system holding frame, 90: Analyzer (analysis unit), 110: Gas turbine, 111: Air compressor, 112: Intake Volume regulator, 115: combustor, 116: turbine, 120: generator, 121: gas compressor, 131: BFG line, 132: COG line, 133: low pressure fuel gas line, 134: high pressure fuel gas line, 135: BFG flow rate Control valve, 136: COG flow control valve, 137: Fuel flow control valve, 138: Recirculation line, 138a: Circulation flow control valve, 140: Calorimeter, 141: Calorific value calculator, 145: Control device

Claims (11)

A measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows;
A light entrance window provided in the measurement cell and allowing excitation light to pass through the measurement cell;
A light exit window that is provided in the measurement cell and allows Raman scattered light from the sample fluid irradiated with the excitation light to pass outside the measurement cell;
An emission optical system that has a light emitting part that emits the excitation light, and irradiates the sample fluid in the measurement cell with the excitation light through the light entrance window;
A light receiving optical system having a condensing optical system that collects the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window, and a light receiving unit that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the condensing optical system;
An analysis unit for analyzing the composition of the sample fluid based on the output from the light receiving unit;
A connecting member that directly connects the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system so that the mutual positional relationship is not displaceable;
With
An optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the connecting member is attached to the measurement cell so as not to move relative to a predetermined location of the measurement cell while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell. Being
Fluid composition analyzer. A measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows;
A light entrance window provided in the measurement cell and allowing excitation light to pass through the measurement cell;
A light exit window that is provided in the measurement cell and allows Raman scattered light from the sample fluid irradiated with the excitation light to pass outside the measurement cell;
An emission optical system that has a light emitting part that emits the excitation light, and irradiates the sample fluid in the measurement cell with the excitation light through the light entrance window;
A light receiving optical system having a condensing optical system that collects the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window, and a light receiving unit that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the condensing optical system;
An analysis unit for analyzing the composition of the sample fluid based on the output from the light receiving unit;
A connecting member that directly connects the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system so that the mutual positional relationship is not displaceable;
With
The optical unit composed of the emission optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the connecting member allows light of the light receiving optical system relative to the direction of the optical axis of the emission optical system while allowing thermal deformation of the measurement cell. axis direction is mounted et al is the relative displacement incapable of said measurement cell,
The light entrance window and the light exit window are provided at positions facing each other across a space in the measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows,
The connecting member is configured such that the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system are opposed to each other with an interval, and the optical axis of the emission optical system and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system are positioned on the same straight line, A connecting rod for connecting the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system to each other;
The measurement cell is formed with an engaging portion that penetrates in the direction in which the light entrance window and the light exit window face each other,
The connecting rod is engaged by being inserted through the engaging portion,
Fluid composition analyzer. The light entrance window and the light exit window are provided at positions facing each other across a space in the measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows,
The connecting member is configured such that the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system are opposed to each other with an interval, and the optical axis of the emission optical system and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system are positioned on the same straight line, A connecting rod for connecting the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system to each other;
The measurement cell is formed with an engaging portion that penetrates in the direction in which the light entrance window and the light exit window face each other,
The connecting rod is engaged by being inserted through the engaging portion,
The fluid composition analyzer according to claim 1 . The connecting rod is inserted into the engagement portion with a gap,
The connection member has a fixture that contacts the connection rod and attaches the connection rod to the measurement cell so that the contact position with the connection rod cannot move relative to the measurement cell.
The fluid composition analyzer according to claim 3. A measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows;
A light entrance window provided in the measurement cell and allowing excitation light to pass through the measurement cell;
In the measurement cell, Raman scattering light from the sample fluid irradiated with the excitation light is provided at a position facing the light entrance window across a space in the measurement cell through which the sample fluid flows. A light exit window that passes outside,
An emission optical system that has a light emitting part that emits the excitation light, and irradiates the sample fluid in the measurement cell with the excitation light through the light entrance window;
A light receiving optical system having a condensing optical system that collects the Raman scattered light that has passed through the light exit window, and a light receiving unit that receives the Raman scattered light collected by the condensing optical system;
An analysis unit for analyzing the composition of the sample fluid based on the output from the light receiving unit;
A connecting member that directly connects the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system so that the mutual positional relationship is not displaceable;
With
The connecting member is configured such that the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system are opposed to each other with an interval, and the optical axis of the emission optical system and the optical axis of the light receiving optical system are positioned on the same straight line, A connecting rod for connecting the emission optical system and the light receiving optical system to each other, and a fixture for attaching the connecting rod to the measurement cell,
The measurement cell is formed with an engaging portion that penetrates in the direction in which the light entrance window and the light exit window face each other,
The attachment is in contact with the connecting rod inserted through the engaging portion, and the connecting rod is attached to the measurement cell so that the contact position with the connection rod is not relatively movable with respect to the measurement cell.
Fluid composition analyzer. The connecting member holds the exit optical system and is attached to the connecting rod, an exit optical system holding frame, an attachment adjuster for adjusting the orientation and fixing position of the exit optical system holding frame with respect to the connecting rod, A light receiving optical system holding frame that holds the light receiving optical system and is attached to the connecting rod; and an attachment adjuster that adjusts the orientation and fixing position of the light receiving optical system holding frame with respect to the connecting rod;
The fluid composition analyzer according to any one of claims 3 to 5, further comprising: The connecting member has four connecting rods parallel to each other.
The fluid composition analyzer according to any one of claims 3 to 6. The light exit window is a filter that reflects the excitation light and passes the Raman scattered light out of the measurement cell.
The fluid composition analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The fluid composition analyzer according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
A calorific value calculator for obtaining a calorific value of the sample fluid based on the composition of the sample fluid analyzed by the analysis unit of the fluid composition analyzer, and outputting the calorific value;
Calorimeter equipped with. A gas turbine that burns and drives fuel gas; and
The calorimeter according to claim 9, wherein the calorific value of the fuel gas is obtained using the fuel gas as the sample fluid,
A control device for controlling the operation of the gas turbine using the calorific value of the fuel gas output from the calorimeter;
Gas turbine plant equipped with. In a method for operating a gas turbine plant including a gas turbine that is driven by burning fuel gas,
Using the calorimeter according to claim 9, the calorific value of the fuel gas is determined using the fuel gas as the sample fluid,
Controlling the operation of the gas turbine using the calorific value of the fuel gas determined by the calorimeter,
A method for operating a gas turbine plant.

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