JP6162940B2 - lathe - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe.

Conventionally, a lathe is known as a machine tool for turning a workpiece. The configuration of the lathe includes a rotary table that rotates the workpiece, a cross rail that extends in the radial direction of the rotary table, and is movable along the X axis direction that is guided by the cross rail and that extends the cross rail. There is a vertical lathe having a saddle, a ram attached to the saddle so as to be movable along the Z-axis direction as a vertical direction, and a tool attached to the lower end of the ram via a tool holder ( For example, see Patent Document 1).
In such a vertical lathe, the work is fixed on the rotary table, and the saddle is cut by moving the saddle in the Z-axis direction under the rotation of the rotary table (C1-axis direction), and in the X-axis direction of the saddle. The position of the tool in the X-axis direction is changed by this movement, and machining such as turning around the rotation center of the rotary table is performed.

JP 2005-46940 A

In the conventional vertical lathe of Patent Document 1 and other vertical lathes, an end mill may be used as a tool in order to machine a vertical surface of a workpiece. This end mill abuts its peripheral surface against the vertical surface of the workpiece and rotates it with the main shaft of the ram to process the vertical surface of the workpiece. Is the axial dimension of the peripheral surface.
Therefore, if the axial dimension of the machining surface of the end mill is smaller than the vertical dimension of the workpiece, the ram is lowered to machine the lower part of the workpiece, but the radial dimension of the ram is smaller than the radial dimension of the end mill. Because it is large, the ram will interfere with the workpiece.
To solve this problem, the end mill may be lengthened. However, since the length of the existing end mill is limited, it is difficult to machine the lower part of the workpiece.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a lathe capable of sufficiently performing machining in a vertical direction within a vertical plane of a workpiece.

The lathe according to the present invention includes a base, a pair of columns fixed to both sides of the base, a table on which a workpiece is placed on the upper surface of the base, and a bridge between the upper portions of the pair of columns . A cross rail extending in the X-axis direction that is the horizontal direction above, a saddle that is guided by the cross rail and is movable along the X-axis direction, and an X-axis linear drive mechanism that moves the saddle in the X-axis direction A ram that is attached to the saddle so as to be movable along the Z-axis direction, which is a vertical direction, a Z-axis linear drive mechanism that moves the ram in the Z-axis direction, and a tool provided at the lower end of the ram A lathe in which relative movement between the tool holder and the table is performed by the X-axis linear drive mechanism and the Z-axis linear drive mechanism. A holder main body provided on the holder main body, and a rotary drive transmission mechanism that is provided on the holder main body and transmits the rotation about the Z axis to the tool around a rotation axis that intersects the Z axis. Comprises a rotating shaft that rotates about the intersecting axis, and the tool is connected to the rotating shaft, and the angle α of the acute angle portion of the angle formed by the intersecting axis and the Z axis exceeds 0 ° and 90 ° The tool is a tapered cutter whose machining surface is a tapered surface, and at least a part of the machining surface protrudes in a horizontal direction from the ram and can face the vertical surface of the workpiece. In addition, it is characterized in that it intersects with the axis of the rotation axis at an angle α, and the dimension along the inclination direction of the machining surface is shorter than the dimension along the vertical direction of the vertical surface of the workpiece.

In the present invention having this configuration, the work is placed on the table, and the rotary drive transmission mechanism is operated by bringing the machining surface made of the tapered surface of the tapered cutter into contact with the vertical surface of the work. Then, the vertical surface of the workpiece is processed by the taper cutter rotating about the rotation axis. Further, when the saddle is moved along the X-axis direction by the X-axis linear drive mechanism, the machining surface of the tapered cutter moves in a horizontal direction while always contacting the vertical surface of the workpiece, so that the vertical surface of the workpiece is moved in the horizontal direction. Along the straight line.
When the vertical part of the workpiece has been machined along the X-axis direction over a predetermined length, the Z-axis linear drive mechanism is activated to move the saddle in the Z-axis direction (downward), and the taper cutter machining surface Change the vertical position of the workpiece relative to the vertical plane. Then, the above processing is repeated. As a result, the vertical surface of the workpiece is machined uniformly along the X-axis direction.
Therefore, in the present invention, the rotation axis that rotates around the intersection axis becomes the rotation axis of the tapered cutter, and the angle α of the acute angle portion of the angle formed by the intersection axis and the Z axis is 0 °. Since it exceeds and is less than 90 °, the portion of the processing surface of the tapered cutter that comes into contact with the workpiece protrudes in the horizontal direction from the ram. Therefore, when the taper cutter is moved in the Z-axis direction even if the inclination direction dimension (Z-axis dimension) of the machining surface of the taper-shaped cutter is smaller than the dimension along the vertical direction of the vertical surface of the workpiece, The vertical surface of the workpiece can be machined without the workpiece interfering with the workpiece.
As described above, in the present invention, by using a vertical lathe or a horizontal lathe having a function of controlling the X-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, the C1 axis, and the C2 axis, and further expanding the function, machining that has not been conventionally possible can be performed. can do.

In the present invention, the rotational drive transmission mechanism includes an output shaft that is connected to the main shaft of the ram and rotates around the Z axis as a rotation, and a universal joint that connects the output shaft and the rotary shaft. preferable.
In the present invention having this configuration, the main shaft of the ram having a structure rotated in advance as a lathe mechanism is used as a mechanism for rotating the rotary shaft, so that it is not necessary to newly provide a rotation drive source. The number of parts can be reduced.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the table is a rotary table that rotates about a vertical axial direction as a rotation center.
In the present invention having this configuration, the planar arcuate vertical surface of the workpiece having at least a part of the planar arcuate portion can be processed.
In other words, the work is set on the rotary table so that the center of the plane arc-shaped portion of the vertical surface becomes the rotation center of the rotary table, and the rotary cutter is brought into contact with the machining surface of the tapered cutter on the vertical surface of the work. Is activated. When the tapered cutter is rotated while rotating the rotary table, the vertical surface of the workpiece is processed into a planar arc shape by the tapered cutter while the workpiece placed on the rotary table rotates.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a vertical lathe according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Sectional drawing of a tool holder. The top view of the workpiece | work processed with the taper-shaped cutter in 1st Embodiment. The schematic perspective view of the vertical lathe which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the workpiece | work processed with the taper-shaped cutter in 2nd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 shows an outline of a vertical lathe according to the first embodiment.
In FIG. 1, the vertical lathe includes a lathe body 10, a control device 30 that drives and controls the lathe body 10 according to a machining program, and a tapered cutter 1 that is attached to the lathe body 10 and serves as a tool for machining a workpiece W. Prepare.
The lathe body 10 includes a base 11, a rotary table 12 provided on the upper surface of the base 11 so as to be rotatable around a vertical C1 axis, and a work table W placed on the upper surface, and a pair of erected on both sides of the base 11. Columns 13A, 13B, a cross rail 14 spanned between the upper portions of both columns 13A, 13B, and a saddle 15 provided so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) along the cross rail 14. The saddle 15 includes a ram 16 that can be moved up and down (Z-axis direction), and a main shaft 17 that is housed in the ram 16 so as to be rotatable about the C2 axis. A tool holder 2 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 17 by an automatic tool changer or manually, and a tapered cutter 1 is attached to the tool holder 2.

  The base 11 is provided with a table rotating mechanism (not shown) that rotates the rotating table 12 around the C1 axis. The cross rail 14 is provided with an X-axis linear drive mechanism 18 that moves the saddle 15 in the X-axis direction, and the saddle 15 is provided with a Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19 that moves the ram 16 in the Z-axis direction. ing. The ram 16 is provided with a main shaft rotation drive mechanism 20 that rotates the main shaft 17 about the C2 axis. These X-axis linear drive mechanism 18, Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19 and main shaft rotation drive mechanism 20 may adopt the same structure as a conventional vertical lathe.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the tool holder 2 to which the tapered cutter 1 is mounted, and FIG. 3 shows a plane of a workpiece processed by the tapered cutter 1.
2 and 3, a workpiece W is a metallic pump casing having an outer peripheral portion W1 and an inner peripheral portion W2.
The outer peripheral portion W1 has a vertical surface W11 extending in the horizontal direction and a curved vertical surface W12. The inner peripheral portion W2 has the same circle center as the circle center of the curved vertical surface W12.

In FIG. 1, a main shaft 17 is rotatably disposed inside the ram 16, and a main shaft rotation drive mechanism 20 that rotationally drives the main shaft 17 is provided inside the ram 16.
A table rotation mechanism for rotating the rotary table 12, an X-axis linear drive mechanism 18, a Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19, and a main-axis rotation drive mechanism 20 operate in response to a command from the control device 30, and At the time of processing, the control device 30 controls the spindle rotation drive mechanism 20 so as to rotate the tapered cutter 1 and also controls the table rotation mechanism so as to rotate the rotary table 12. That is, the control device 30 controls the workpiece W to rotate with the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W in contact with the machining surface 1A of the tapered cutter 1 and to rotate the workpiece W about the C1 axis. (See the imaginary line in FIG. 3).

In FIG. 2, the tool holder 2 is tapered with a holder main body 21 connected to the lower end of the casing of the ram 16, and a rotation about the Z axis that is provided in the holder main body 21 and that intersects the Z axis as a rotation. And a rotational drive transmission mechanism 22 for transmitting to the cylindrical cutter 1.
The holder main body 21 is formed in a box shape including an upper tube portion 211 joined to the casing of the ram 16 and a lower tube portion 212 connected to the upper tube portion 211.
The rotation drive transmission mechanism 22 includes an output shaft 23 connected to the main shaft 17 and a rotation shaft 25 connected to the output shaft 23 via a universal joint 24. Here, the rotation center of the output shaft 23 may be coaxial with the C2 axis that is the rotation center of the main shaft 17 or may be eccentric. When these axes are coaxial, a connecting portion (not shown) is provided between the output shaft 23 and the main shaft 17 arranged on a straight line, and when they are eccentric, they are arranged in parallel to each other. A gear mechanism (not shown) for transmitting the rotation is provided between the output shaft 23 and the main shaft 17.

The rotating shaft 25 is rotatably supported inside the lower cylindrical portion 212 via the bearing 26 so as to rotate about the intersecting axis P. Here, the acute angle portion of the angle formed by the intersecting axis P and the Z axis is the angle α. This angle α is a predetermined angle greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °, for example, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °. In FIG. 2, the angle α is 30 °.
The distal end portion of the rotary shaft 25 extends through the bottom of the lower cylinder portion 212 to the outside of the holder body 21, and the portion extending obliquely downward from the lower cylinder portion 212 of the rotary shaft 25 is a tool attachment portion 25A. It is said that. The tapered cutter 1 is attached to the tool attachment portion 25A. The rotation center of the tapered cutter 1 is the same as the rotation center of the tool attachment portion 25A.

The universal joint 24 is composed of, for example, a cross-pin joint type cardan joint (hook type joint) composed of a pair of yoke members 241 and 242 and a spider 243 in order to connect the output shaft 23 and the rotary shaft 25. Yes.
Since the shaft connecting the yoke member 241 and the spider 243 and the shaft connecting the yoke member 242 and the spider 243 are arranged in the orthogonal direction, rotation can be transmitted with the rotation axis bent at an angle α.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tapered cutter 1 has a machining surface 1 </ b> A formed on the tapered peripheral surface of the truncated cone-shaped main body 1 </ b> B, and the machining surface 1 </ b> A rotates to the vertical surface W <b> 12 of the workpiece W. Thus, cutting and grinding can be performed.
The acute angle portion of the angle at which the tapered machining surface 1A intersects the axis of the tapered cutter 1 is the same as the angle α described above. Therefore, the processing surface 1A of the tapered cutter 1 contacts the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W across the upper and lower ends.
The dimension along the Z axis (vertical) of the processing surface 1A is set to be shorter than the dimension along the vertical direction of the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W. In a state where the processing surface 1A of the tapered cutter 1 is in contact with the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W, the horizontal direction between the vertical surface of the processing surface 1A and the vertical surface of the ram 16 is separated by a dimension t.

Next, a method for machining the workpiece W using the vertical lathe according to the first embodiment will be described.
The workpiece W is placed on the turntable 12 so that the center of the curved vertical surface W12 coincides with the C1 axis that is the rotation center of the turntable 12. Thereafter, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the X-axis linear drive mechanism 18 to move the tapered cutter 1 and bring the machining surface 1A into contact with the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W. Further, by operating the main shaft rotation drive mechanism 20 to rotationally drive the main shaft 17 of the ram 16, the tapered cutter 1 is rotated via the output shaft 23, the universal joint 24 and the rotation shaft 25. By rotating the tapered cutter 1, the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W is processed such as cutting.

  Thereafter, in a state where the tapered cutter 1 is rotated, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the table rotating mechanism to rotate the rotary table 12 on which the workpiece W is placed. Thereby, the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W is processed into a flat circular arc shape by the tapered cutter 1.

If the processing is performed up to the end of the vertical surface W12, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the table rotation mechanism to rotate the turntable 12 in the reverse direction. Thereby, the once processed part is processed again. In addition, if it processed to the predetermined position of the vertical surface W12, you may return the taper-shaped cutter 1 to the initial position of the vertical surface W12, without processing again.
Thereafter, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19 to change the height position of the tapered cutter 1 with respect to the vertical surface W12. Then, the above processing operation is repeated.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the following operational effects can be achieved.
(1) A tool holder 2 that is provided at the lower end of the ram 16 and holds the tapered cutter 1, a holder main body 21 disposed below the ram 16, and a rotation around the Z axis provided in the holder main body 21 is Z A rotation drive transmission mechanism 22 that transmits the crossing axis P intersecting the axis to the taper-shaped cutter 1 around the rotation, and the rotation drive transmission mechanism 22 includes a rotation axis 25 that rotates about the intersection axis P as the rotation, Since the angle α of the acute angle portion of the angle formed by the intersecting axis P and the Z axis is more than 0 ° and less than 90 °, at least a part of the processing surface 1A of the tapered cutter 1 protrudes in the horizontal direction from the ram 16. It can be set as the structure to do. Therefore, even if the dimension in the Z-axis direction of the vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W is smaller than the length along the vertical direction of the vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W, the workpiece W does not interfere with the ram 16 and the vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W is not interfered. Can be processed.

(2) Since the rotary drive transmission mechanism 22 includes the output shaft 23 connected to the main shaft 17 of the ram 16 and the universal joint 24 that connects the output shaft 23 and the rotary shaft 25, the rotary drive transmission mechanism 22 is preliminarily used as a vertical lathe mechanism. The main shaft 17 of the ram 16 having a structure to be rotated can be used as a mechanism for rotating the rotation shaft 25. Therefore, it is not necessary to newly provide a rotational drive source, and the number of parts can be reduced.

(3) The member on which the workpiece W is placed is the rotary table 12 that rotates about the vertical axis direction as a rotation center, and the workpiece on the rotary table 12 using a table rotation mechanism provided in advance as a vertical lathe. Since W is configured to rotate about the C1 axis, the curved vertical surface W12 can be processed into a planar arc shape.

Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[Second Embodiment]
The second embodiment is for machining a planar straight vertical surface, and the mounting posture of the tool holder 2 to the ram 16 is different from that of the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows an outline of a vertical lathe according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a plane of the workpiece to be processed by the tapered cutter.

In FIG. 4, the vertical lathe according to the second embodiment has a configuration including a lathe body 10, a control device 30, and a tapered cutter 1, as in the first embodiment.
The lathe body 10 includes a base 11, a rotary table 12, a pair of columns 13A and 13B, a cross rail 14, a saddle 15, a ram 16, and a main shaft 17. The tool holder 2 is attached to the ram 16. ing.
The tool holder 2 has the same configuration as the tool holder 2 of the first embodiment, but in the first embodiment, the cross axis P of the tool holder 2 is located in a plane including the X axis and the Z axis. In the second embodiment, the cross axis P of the tool holder 2 is located in a plane including the Y axis and the Z axis.

  A table rotation mechanism for rotating the rotary table 12, an X-axis linear drive mechanism 18, a Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19, and a main-axis rotation drive mechanism 20 operate in response to a command from the control device 30, and At the time of processing, the control device 30 controls the spindle rotation drive mechanism 20 so as to rotate the tapered cutter 1 and controls the X-axis linear drive mechanism 18 so as to move the saddle 15 in the X-axis direction. . That is, the control device 30 controls the workpiece W so that the workpiece W rotates in a state in which the machining surface 1A of the tapered cutter 1 is in contact with the vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W and moves in the X-axis direction (see FIG. (See imaginary line 5).

Next, a method for machining the straight vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W will be described.
First, the workpiece W is placed at a predetermined position of the rotary table 12, and a command is issued from the control device 30 to the table rotation mechanism, so that the linear vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W is parallel to the X axis. Rotate.
Thereafter, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19 to move the tapered cutter 1 so that the processing surface 1A comes into contact with the vertical surface W12 of the workpiece W. Further, by operating the main shaft rotation drive mechanism 20 to rotationally drive the main shaft 17 of the ram 16, the tapered cutter 1 is rotated via the output shaft 23, the universal joint 24 and the rotation shaft 25. By rotating the tapered cutter 1, the vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W is processed such as cutting.

Then, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the X-axis linear drive mechanism 18 to move the saddle 15 along the X-axis direction. As a result, the tapered cutter 1 attached to the saddle 15 via the ram 16 and the tool holder 2 moves in the X-axis direction, and the vertical surface W11 of the workpiece W is processed into a plane straight line by the movement of the tapered cutter 1. Is done.
When the machining is performed up to the end of the vertical surface W11, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the X-axis linear drive mechanism 18 to linearly move the ram 16 in the reverse direction. Thereby, the once processed part is processed again. In addition, if it processed to the predetermined position of the vertical surface W11, you may return the taper-shaped cutter 1 to the initial position of the vertical surface W11, without processing again.
Thereafter, a command is issued from the control device 30 to the Z-axis linear drive mechanism 19 to change the height position of the tapered cutter 1 with respect to the vertical surface W11. Then, the above processing operation is repeated.

Therefore, in 2nd Embodiment, there can exist the following effect besides having the same effect as (1) (2) of 1st Embodiment.
(4) Since the saddle 15 provided with the tapered cutter 1 is moved in the X-axis direction by the X-axis linear drive mechanism 18 with respect to the workpiece W placed on the rotary table 12, the linear vertical The surface W11 can be processed into a planar linear shape.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, The deformation | transformation shown below is included in the range which can achieve the objective of this invention.
For example, in the second embodiment, a fixed table that does not rotate can be applied instead of the rotary table 12 as a member on which the workpiece W is placed.
In the present invention, by adopting a structure in which the tool holder 2 is attached to the ram 16 so that the posture can be changed, the processing of the first embodiment and the second embodiment may be realized simultaneously.

In each of the above embodiments, the rotation drive transmission mechanism 22 is configured by including the output shaft 23 connected to the main shaft 17 of the ram 16. However, in the present invention, the output shaft 23 is not used, and the rotation shaft can be rotated by an electric motor or an air motor. 25 may be configured to rotate.
The workpiece to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the pump casing of the above embodiment, and can be applied to various metal products. The workpiece to be processed in the first embodiment may be a columnar or cylindrical shape.
Further, the present invention can be applied to a horizontal lathe as well as a vertical lathe. That is, the present invention uses a vertical lathe or a horizontal lathe having a function of controlling the X-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, the C1 axis, and the C2 axis, and additionally expands the function to perform machining that could not be performed conventionally. It is.

  The present invention can be used for a lathe for machining various workpieces.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tapered cutter (tool), 1A ... Work surface, 2 ... Tool holder, 14 ... Cross rail, 15 ... Saddle, 16 ... Ram, 17 ... Main shaft, 18 ... X-axis linear drive mechanism, 19 ... Z-axis linear drive Mechanism: 20 ... Spindle rotation drive mechanism, 21 ... Holder body, 22 ... Rotation drive transmission mechanism, 23 ... Output shaft, 24 ... Universal joint, 25 ... Rotation shaft, 30 ... Control device, W ... Workpiece, W11 ... Vertical plane ( (Linear), W12 ... vertical plane (curved), P ... intersecting axis

Claims (3)

A base, a pair of columns fixed to both sides of the base, a table on which a work is placed on the upper surface of the base, and a horizontal direction above the table spanning between the upper portions of the pair of columns. A cross rail extending in the X axis direction, a saddle that is guided by the cross rail and movable along the X axis direction, an X axis linear drive mechanism that moves the saddle in the X axis direction, and the saddle, A ram that is movably mounted along the Z-axis direction, which is the vertical direction, a Z-axis linear drive mechanism that moves the ram in the Z-axis direction, and a tool holder that is provided at the lower end of the ram and holds the tool Wherein the relative movement between the tool holder and the table is performed by the X-axis linear drive mechanism and the Z-axis linear drive mechanism,
The tool holder includes a holder main body provided in the ram, and a rotation drive transmission mechanism that is provided in the holder main body and transmits a rotation around the Z axis to the tool around a cross axis intersecting the Z axis as a rotation. And
The rotational drive transmission mechanism includes a rotating shaft that rotates about the intersecting axis, and the tool is connected to the rotating shaft, and an angle α of an acute angle portion of the angle formed by the intersecting axis and the Z axis is 0. Greater than and less than 90 °,
The tool is a tapered cutter whose processing surface is a tapered surface, and the processing surface protrudes in a horizontal direction from the ram so as to be opposed to the vertical surface of the workpiece, and Intersects with the axis of the rotation axis at an angle α, the dimension along the inclination direction of the machining surface is shorter than the dimension along the vertical direction of the vertical surface of the workpiece,
A lathe characterized by that. The lathe according to claim 1,
The rotational drive transmission mechanism includes an output shaft that is connected to the main shaft of the ram and rotates around a Z axis, and a universal joint that connects the output shaft and the rotary shaft.
A lathe characterized by that. In the lathe according to claim 1 or 2,
The table is a rotary table that rotates about an axial direction that is a vertical direction as a rotation center.
A lathe characterized by that.

Images