JP6150437B2 - Method for measuring moisture content in soil - Google Patents
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- JP6150437B2 JP6150437B2 JP2014100083A JP2014100083A JP6150437B2 JP 6150437 B2 JP6150437 B2 JP 6150437B2 JP 2014100083 A JP2014100083 A JP 2014100083A JP 2014100083 A JP2014100083 A JP 2014100083A JP 6150437 B2 JP6150437 B2 JP 6150437B2
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 31
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、土壌中に含まれる含水比の測定方法の技術分野に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technical field of a method for measuring a moisture content contained in soil.
一般に、土壌に含まれる含水比（含水比）を知ることは、植生の生育に対する影響、地下水の挙動、盛り土などを含めた斜面崩壊のメカニズムの解析、洪水発生予測等の研究をするにあたり重要な要素の一つであり、そのため日本工業規格としてＪＩＳ Ａ １２０３で「土の含水比試験方法」が規格されている。このものは、土壌の含水比を、採取した土壌の重量とこれを炉内で乾燥した後の重量とをそれぞれ測定することに基づいて求めるようにしている所謂炉乾燥法である。ところが土壌の乾燥には、１１０±５℃に保持した恒温乾燥炉内にて１８〜２４時間もの長時間の乾燥が必要であって作業性が悪いだけでなく、恒温乾燥炉が土壌の採取現場にあることはまずなく、採取した土壌を高温乾燥炉を備えた実験室等に持ち帰って乾燥させなければならず、また実験室まで採取時の含水比を維持したまま持ち込まなければならず、このための特別な技術と操作も必要となり、手間がかかるという問題がある。
これに対し、土壌水分の測定方法として、テンシオメータ法（特許文献１参照）、誘電法（特許文献２参照）、電気抵抗法（特許文献３参照）、熱伝導法（特許文献４参照）、電磁波法（特許文献５参照）等の多くの手法が知られているが、前記実験室まで採取時の含水比を維持したまま持ち込まなければならない点は依然として解決されていない。
In general, it is important to know the water content ratio (water content ratio) contained in soil to study the effects on vegetation growth, groundwater behavior, analysis of slope failure mechanisms including embankment, and prediction of flood occurrence. This is one of the elements, and for that reason, “Soil moisture content test method” is standardized by JIS A 1203 as Japanese Industrial Standard. This is a so-called furnace drying method in which the moisture content of soil is determined based on measuring the weight of the collected soil and the weight after drying the soil in the furnace. However, soil drying requires a long drying time of 18 to 24 hours in a constant temperature drying furnace maintained at 110 ± 5 ° C., and not only is the workability poor, but the constant temperature drying furnace is used for soil sampling. The collected soil must be brought back to a laboratory equipped with a high-temperature drying furnace and dried, and brought to the laboratory while maintaining the moisture content at the time of collection. Therefore, there is a problem that special techniques and operations are necessary and time-consuming.
On the other hand, as a method for measuring soil moisture, tensiometer method (see Patent Document 1), dielectric method (see Patent Document 2), electric resistance method (see Patent Document 3), heat conduction method (see Patent Document 4), electromagnetic wave Many methods such as the method (see Patent Document 5) are known, but the point that the water content ratio at the time of sampling must be brought into the laboratory is still not solved.
しかしながら前記従来のもののうち、特許文献１、２、５のものは装置自体が大型であるうえ、土壌に埋設しなければならず、作業性が劣る、という問題がある。これに対し特許文献３、４のものはセンサ自体を小型にできる、という利点があるが、予め採取した土壌を乾燥させて該乾燥土壌における電気抵抗値や熱伝導率を測定し、さらに該乾燥土壌に所要量の水分を含浸させたものの幾つかについて電気抵抗値や熱伝導率を測定して検量線を調製する必要があるが、土質が異なった場合に同じ検量線を採用できるとは限らず、そのため土質が異なる測定現場ごとにこれらの検量線をいちいち調製しなければならないこともあって面倒かつ煩雑であるという問題があり、ここに本発明の解決すべき課題がある。 However, among the above-mentioned conventional ones, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 5 have a problem that the apparatus itself is large and must be embedded in soil, resulting in poor workability. On the other hand, Patent Documents 3 and 4 have the advantage that the sensor itself can be reduced in size, but the previously collected soil is dried to measure the electrical resistance value and thermal conductivity in the dried soil, and then the dried It is necessary to prepare a calibration curve by measuring the electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of some of the soil impregnated with the required amount of water, but the same calibration curve may not always be used when the soil quality is different. Therefore, there is a problem that these calibration curves must be prepared for each measurement site having different soil properties, which is cumbersome and cumbersome. This is the problem to be solved by the present invention.
本発明は、上記の如き実情に鑑みこれらの課題を解決することを目的として創作されたものであって、請求項１の発明は、土壌中に含有する含水比の測定方法であって、採取した土壌の重量を測定した後、該測定した土壌を、糖度が予め定められた所定量のショ糖水溶液中に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得たショ糖水溶液の糖度を測定し、該測定した糖度に基づいて土壌中の含水比を演算するようにしたことを特徴とする土壌中の含水比の測定方法である。
請求項２の発明は、土壌中に含有する含水比の測定方法であって、採取した土壌の重量を測定した後、該測定した土壌を、糖度が予め定められた所定量のショ糖水溶液中に入れ、撹拌して得たショ糖水溶液の糖度を測定し、該測定した糖度に基づいて土壌中の含水比を演算するようにしたことを特徴とする土壌中の含水比の測定方法である。
The present invention has been created in view of the above-mentioned circumstances and has been created for the purpose of solving these problems. The invention of claim 1 is a method for measuring the water content ratio contained in soil, which is a sampling method. After measuring the weight of the soil, the measured soil is placed in a predetermined amount of sucrose aqueous solution with a predetermined sugar content, stirred, and then filtered to measure the sugar content of the sucrose aqueous solution obtained by filtration. It is a method for measuring the moisture content in soil, characterized in that the moisture content in the soil is calculated based on the sugar content.
The invention of claim 2 is a method for measuring the moisture content contained in soil, and after measuring the weight of the collected soil, the measured soil is placed in a predetermined amount of sucrose aqueous solution with a predetermined sugar content. And measuring the sugar content of the aqueous solution of sucrose obtained by stirring and calculating the water content ratio in the soil based on the measured sugar content. .
請求項１または２の発明とすることにより、土壌中の含水比を、土壌採取現場においても簡単に求めることができる。 By setting it as invention of Claim 1 or 2, the moisture content in soil can be calculated | required easily also in the soil collection field.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
本発明は、水溶性が高い糖類の水溶液の糖度（Ｂｒｉｘ）が、糖類濃度によって変化することを利用して土壌に含有する含水比を測定しようとするものであり、特にショ糖（シュークロース：ｓｕｃｒｏｓｅ）の水に対する溶解度が２１１．５ｇ／１００ｍＬ（２０℃）もあって溶解しやすいものであるため、ショ糖水溶液を予め調製したものを測定現場に持参してもよいが、ショ糖と水とを各別に測定現場に持参し、測定現場での土壌の湿潤状態をみてショ糖水溶液の濃度を決定し、水にショ糖を溶解させてショ糖水溶液を調製してもよく、このようにすることで、測定するのに適正な濃度のショ糖水溶液を調製することができる。
そのうえショ糖は、甘味料の一つであって無害であるため、測定後、ショ糖水溶液を測定現場に廃棄しても環境上問題になることがない。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The present invention is intended to measure the water content ratio contained in soil by utilizing the fact that the sugar content (Brix) of an aqueous solution of saccharide with high water solubility varies depending on the saccharide concentration, and in particular, sucrose (sucrose: Since the solubility of sucrose) in water is 211.5 g / 100 mL (20 ° C.) and is easily dissolved, a sucrose aqueous solution prepared in advance may be brought to the measurement site. The sucrose aqueous solution may be prepared by dissolving the sucrose in water by determining the concentration of the sucrose aqueous solution by looking at the wet state of the soil at the measurement site. By doing so, an aqueous sucrose solution having a concentration suitable for measurement can be prepared.
In addition, since sucrose is one of the sweeteners and is harmless, there is no environmental problem even if the aqueous sucrose solution is discarded at the measurement site after the measurement.
図１に土壌に含有する水量（％）を測定する手順をフロー図で示すが、まず採取した土壌試料の重量（Ｘｇ）を測定する。この土壌試料をＹ％の濃度（ショ糖量Ｙｇ／水１００ｇ）のＺｍＬのショ糖水溶液中に入れ、よく撹拌する。次いで濾過して試料溶液とすることになるが、濾紙としては水が浸潤しない材料で製造したものが好ましく、例えばガラス製やシリコーン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンのような合成樹脂製等のものが採用される。
このように濾過された試料溶液について糖度を測定する。糖度の測定は、市販の糖度測定器を用いて行うことができる。この場合に、携帯型であれば現場に簡単に持参でき、都合がよい。
具体的には５０ｍＬのプラスチック製試験管またはバッグに土壌試料１５ｇを入れ、このものに、例えば水１００ｇにショ糖の５０ｇを溶解して得たショ糖水溶液（濃度（Ｂｒｉｘ）５０％のショ糖水溶液）を１５ｍＬ入れてよく振盪（例えば２分間）し、この溶液を濾過後、該濾液のショ糖水溶液の糖度を観測をし、観測されたショ糖の糖度から土壌中の含水比（（含水比ｇ／乾燥土壌量ｇ）×１００％）を求める。
尚、土壌試料に含まれる粘土分が少ない場合など、ショ糖水溶液と振盪後に得られた溶液の濁度が低い場合には濾過を省略することができ、たいていの土壌試料においては濾過を省略して差し支えない。
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a procedure for measuring the amount of water (%) contained in the soil. First, the weight (Xg) of the collected soil sample is measured. This soil sample is placed in a ZmL aqueous sucrose solution having a concentration of Y% (sucrose amount Yg / water 100 g) and stirred well. Next, the sample solution is filtered, but the filter paper is preferably made of a material that does not infiltrate water, such as glass, silicone, or synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The
The sugar content of the sample solution thus filtered is measured. The sugar content can be measured using a commercially available sugar content measuring device. In this case, if it is a portable type, it can be easily brought to the site and is convenient.
Specifically, 15 g of a soil sample is put in a 50 mL plastic test tube or bag, and sucrose aqueous solution (concentration (Brix) 50%) obtained by dissolving 50 g of sucrose in 100 g of water, for example. 15 mL of an aqueous solution) was shaken well (for example, for 2 minutes), and after filtering this solution, the sugar content of the sucrose aqueous solution in the filtrate was observed, and the water content ratio ((hydrous Ratio g / dry soil amount g) × 100%) is determined.
Note that filtration can be omitted when the aqueous solution of sucrose and the solution obtained after shaking are low, such as when the soil sample contains a small amount of clay, and filtration is omitted for most soil samples. It does not matter.
土壌中の含水比を求める場合、ある濃度に調製したショ糖水溶液について含水比が０％から例えば１１０％まで変化させたときの糖度の変化曲線を求めてこれを検量線として図２に示すようにグラフ化させておけば、土壌中の含水比は、例えば５０％のショ糖水溶液を調製したものを用いて含水比を測定する場合に、前記作業をしたときの糖度が４０％であった場合、図２の検量線から土壌中の含水比は６０％であることが判る。
因みに、図２の糖度の検量線は、ショ糖水溶液の濃度が上から順に６０％、５０％、４０％、３０％、２０％、１０％のものである。
尚、土壌試料の量（グラム数）とショ糖水溶液の量（ミリリットル数）の比は、１：１であれば、他のグラム数やミリリットル数であってもよく、検量線を別に調製するのであれば、他の比であっても勿論よい。
When determining the water content ratio in the soil, as shown in FIG. 2, a change curve of sugar content is obtained when the water content ratio is changed from 0% to 110%, for example, for a sucrose aqueous solution prepared to a certain concentration. If the water content ratio in the soil is measured using, for example, a 50% sucrose aqueous solution prepared, the sugar content is 40% when the above operation is performed. In this case, it can be seen from the calibration curve in FIG. 2 that the moisture content in the soil is 60%.
Incidentally, the calibration curve of the sugar content in FIG. 2 is that in which the concentration of the sucrose aqueous solution is 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% in order from the top.
In addition, as long as the ratio of the amount of soil sample (in grams) to the amount of aqueous sucrose solution (in milliliters) is 1: 1, other grams or milliliters may be used, and a calibration curve is prepared separately. Of course, other ratios may be used.
このように本発明が実施されたものにおいては、採取した土壌の重量を測定した後、該測定した土壌を、糖度が予め定められた所定量のショ糖水溶液中に入れ、撹拌後、濾過して得たショ糖水溶液の糖度を測定し、該測定した糖度に基づいて土壌中の含水比を求めるようにしたものであるから、土壌の採取現場においても土壌中の含水比を短時間のうちに簡単に求めることができ、従来のような面倒な作業が不要になる。
尚、この場合に、濾過操作は場合によっては省略することができるのは前述のとおりである。
しかもショ糖は、甘味料であって無害であるため、測定後、採取現場に廃棄しても公害等の問題が発生することがなく、グリセリンのように、消防法の適用を受けることもなく、管理が容易である。
In the case where the present invention is implemented as described above, after measuring the weight of the collected soil, the measured soil is placed in a predetermined amount of sucrose aqueous solution with a predetermined sugar content, stirred and filtered. Since the sugar content of the aqueous sucrose solution obtained was measured and the moisture content in the soil was determined based on the measured sugar content, the moisture content in the soil was reduced within a short time even at the soil sampling site. Therefore, the conventional troublesome work becomes unnecessary.
In this case, as described above, the filtering operation can be omitted in some cases.
Moreover, since sucrose is a sweetener and is harmless, it does not cause pollution or other problems even if it is discarded at the collection site after measurement, and is not subject to the Fire Service Act like glycerin. Easy to manage.
本発明は、土壌中の含水比の測定方法の技術分野に利用することができる。
The present invention can be used in the technical field of a method for measuring the moisture content in soil.
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| DE10256064B4 (en) * | 2002-11-30 | 2004-10-28 | GSF - Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit GmbH | Method and device for determining the water content and conductivity in soils and bulk materials |
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