JP6146902B2 - Power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply device.

  In recent years, expectations for distributed power sources that generate power using sunlight or wind power are increasing from the viewpoint of preventing global warming. A distributed power source is a form of power supply, and is a method of supplying power by distributing relatively small power generators near a consumption area. Solar batteries that use sunlight and wind power generators that use wind power are characterized in that the generated power is greatly influenced by the environment. The electric power generated by such a distributed power source that is highly dependent on the natural environment is transmitted to a target that receives power (a power receiving target). The power receiving targets include an AC power system, a DC power system, household electrical equipment, and industrial equipment. The AC power system is a conventional social infrastructure. In recent years, the relationship between the AC power system and the distributed power source has been deepened, and a system for purchasing power from the distributed power source via the AC power system is currently being promoted. The DC power system is expected to become a future social infrastructure. In the field of electrical equipment (household electrical equipment, industrial equipment, etc.), as a result of requests for higher performance and miniaturization, switching power supply circuits using semiconductors and inverter control technology for motors have become widespread. Most of them operate not only with AC power but also with DC power.

  On the other hand, the amount of power consumption is increasing year by year as the global population increases. As a way to deal with this, there is a proposal that it is more effective to use power from a distributed power source near the consumption area than to rely on a large power plant and a lossy power grid. There is also a proposal that improving the power efficiency of power equipment to reduce power loss is a good measure to cope with an increase in power consumption.

  As a conventional technology related to the distributed power source, there is a technology for interposing a power conditioner between the solar cell and the AC power supply system, and controlling the power of the power conditioner stably regardless of the amount of solar radiation. It has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). In addition, a DC-DC converter technique has been proposed in which a plurality of input power supplies can be efficiently extracted as a single output and the input power addition method and control method have a high degree of freedom (see Patent Document 2). .

JP 2002-271995 A JP-A-5-268765

  As described above, great expectations have been placed on the utilization of electric power from the distributed power source, but the distributed power source has a problem that the amount of generated power varies greatly depending on the natural environment. Therefore, the power from the distributed power source cannot be effectively utilized if the performance of the distributed power source in which the amount of generated power is not stable and the power supply device that is an interface interposed between the power receiving targets is insufficient. That is, if the power supply device has poor power efficiency, power is wasted. Thus, a technology for efficiently supplying the power generated by the distributed power source to the power receiving target is eagerly desired.

  The present invention solves this problem and provides a highly efficient power supply apparatus that is interposed between a distributed power source and a power receiving target.

  The power supply device according to the present invention may continue to supply predetermined power for at least a predetermined time even when there is no distributed power source in which generated power varies depending on the natural environment and power from the distributed power source is not supplied. Power supply that connects the input side to a parallel connection circuit with a capacitor that has a capacitance that does not decrease the voltage at both ends to a predetermined voltage, inputs the input power, and connects the output side to the power receiving target and outputs the output power The power supply device includes a switch unit connected to the input side, a primary winding for inputting power interrupted by the switch unit, and a secondary winding connected to the output side. And a control unit that controls conduction / disconnection of the switch of the switch unit, and the control unit conducts the switch when the input voltage on the input side is equal to or higher than a predetermined minimum input voltage. A power supply process for controlling the interval and supplying output power obtained from the secondary winding to the power receiving target, and when the transmission power transmitted by the switch unit is less than the predetermined power, Disconnect and stop the power supply process.

  According to the power supply apparatus of the present invention, when the transmission power transmitted by the switch unit is less than the predetermined power, the switch is disconnected and the power supply process is stopped, so that the power supply process is performed and the power loss is small.

It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram of a control part. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the switch unit according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the relationship between input electric power and efficiency at the time of an electric power supply apparatus supplying electric power with respect to an alternating current power grid | system. It is a flowchart which shows the process which the central processing unit of the control part of the electric power supply apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs. It is a figure which shows the 1st Example of the electric power supply apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the 2nd Example of the electric power supply apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment. It is a timing chart explaining focusing on operation of a switch part of the 1st power supply block of a 2nd embodiment, and a switch part of the 2nd power supply block. It is a flowchart which shows the process which the central processing unit of the control part of the electric power supply apparatus of 2nd Embodiment performs. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows 3rd Embodiment. It is a timing chart explaining focusing on operation of a switch part of a 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows another modification of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process which the central processing unit of the control part of the electric power supply apparatus of 4th Embodiment performs. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation of 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows another modification of 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows 5th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation of 5th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows 6th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process which the central processing unit of the control part of the electric power supply apparatus of 6th Embodiment performs. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation of 6th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the process which the central processing unit of the control part of the electric power supply apparatus of the deformation | transformation of 6th Embodiment performs. It is a modification of the embodiment for the primary side circuit. It is another modification of the embodiment for the primary side circuit. It is a figure which shows the current sensor of the secondary side of embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the efficiency calculation process of embodiment.

  The power supply device according to the embodiment of the present invention continues to supply predetermined power for at least a predetermined time even when there is no supply of power from the distributed power source and the distributed power source in which generated power changes according to the natural environment. In addition, the input side is connected to a parallel connection circuit with a capacitor having a capacitance that does not decrease the voltage at both ends to a predetermined voltage, the input power is input, the output side is connected to the power receiving target, and the output power is output. It is a supply device. The power supply device includes: a switch unit connected to the input side; a power transformer having a primary winding that inputs power interrupted by the switch unit; and a secondary winding connected to the output side; And a control unit that controls conduction / disconnection of the switch. The control unit controls the switch conduction time when the input voltage, which is the voltage on the input side of the power supply device, is equal to or higher than the predetermined minimum input voltage, and supplies output power obtained from the secondary winding to the power receiving target. The power supply process is started, and when the transmission power transmitted by the switch unit is less than the predetermined power, the switch is disconnected and the power supply process is stopped (all embodiments).

  In addition, the power supply device may include a plurality of switch units and a plurality of primary windings. In this case, a plurality of distributed power sources and electric double layer capacitors are provided, and each distributed power source and each electric double layer capacitor are connected in parallel to supply power to the input side of each switch unit. The control unit performs a selection process for selecting only one of the plurality of switch units whose input voltage is equal to or higher than the predetermined minimum input voltage, starts the power supply process, and the transmission power becomes less than the predetermined power Then, after stopping the power supply process in the power supply device, a series of processes returning to the selection process is repeated again (second embodiment, second embodiment modification, third embodiment modification, third process Another modification of the embodiment, a modification of the fourth embodiment, a modification of the fifth embodiment, a modification of the sixth embodiment).

  The control unit may control the magnitude of the predetermined power to set the input voltage to an arbitrary voltage within the range of the rated voltage (a modification of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the second embodiment). , Third embodiment, modification of third embodiment, another modification of third embodiment, fourth embodiment, modification of fourth embodiment, another modification of fourth embodiment, 5 embodiment, a modification of the fifth embodiment).

  The power receiving target may be an AC power system, and the control unit may control the current supplied from the power supply apparatus to be similar to the voltage of the AC voltage system (first embodiment, second embodiment). Embodiment, Modification of Second Embodiment, Third Embodiment, Modification of Third Embodiment, Another Modification of Third Embodiment).

  The power receiving target may be a DC power system (fourth embodiment, a modification of the fourth embodiment, another modification of the fourth embodiment), and a DC load and a capacitor connected in parallel. (5th Embodiment, modification of 5th Embodiment).

  Further, the power receiving target may be a DC load, and the control unit may perform control so that the output voltage supplied to the load is a predetermined DC voltage (sixth embodiment, modification of the sixth embodiment). ).

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment.

  The power supply device 1 that is the power supply device of the first embodiment is a component excluding the distributed power source 10 and the AC power system 60 in FIG. 1. The power supply device 1 supplies power obtained by the distributed power supply 10 to the AC power system 60.

  Here, the distributed power source 10 is a power source that mainly converts natural energy into power, and is, for example, a solar cell or a wind power generator. A feature of the distributed power source 10 using solar cells, wind power generators, and the like is that the amount of generated power that can be supplied to the AC power system 60 depends on the natural environment. For example, when the distributed power source 10 is a solar cell, the amount of generated power depends on the amount of sunlight irradiated to the solar cell. The amount of sunlight depends on the season (sunshine hours, the incident angle of sunlight on the solar cell panel) in the long term, and the amount of clouds per day and hour in the short term. When the distributed power source 10 is a wind power generator, the amount of generated power depends on the amount of air that rotates the wind power generator. The air volume depends on the season (season-specific atmospheric pressure arrangement) in the long term, and the local air volume on a daily and hourly basis in the short term.

  The AC power system 60 is, for example, a single-phase 100V commercial AC power system used in general households. A feature of the AC power system 60 is that it includes a large power transmission network and a large capacity AC generator 61. The AC generator 61 is provided in a terminal on the power transmission side of the power transmission line via a plurality of transformers such as pole transformers. At the connection point between the power supply device 1 and the AC power system 60, the power transmission network has a huge power supply capability that is 1000 times or more that of the distributed power source 10, for example. Therefore, even if the amount of power supplied from the distributed power source 10 to the AC power system 60 is changed on the distributed power source 10 side, other devices (not shown) connected to the AC power system 60 and the AC generator 61 are not shown. Has little effect on

(Configuration of the power supply device of the first embodiment)
The power supply device 1 according to the first embodiment includes a current sensor 36, a switch unit 30a, a power transformer 40a, a control unit 50, an inductor 35, and a voltage sense transformer 55.

The input side of the switch unit 30a of the distributed power supply 10 is connected in parallel to the electric double layer capacitor 20a. The output side of the switch section 30a, through the inductor 35 is connected in parallel to the primary winding N ₁ of the power transformer 40a. The control unit 50a inputs an input voltage V _IN generated at both ends of the electric double layer capacitor, an input current I _IN flowing to the input side of the power supply device 1, and an AC power system voltage signal SV _AC , and switches based on these It outputs a control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ for controlling the switch unit 30a. Then, the secondary winding N ₂ of the power transformer 40 a is connected in parallel to the AC power system 60, and the secondary winding side current I ₂ is supplied to the AC power system 60.

  The distributed power source 10 is, for example, a solar cell or a wind power generator. Although the solar cell functions as a current source and the wind power generator functions as a voltage source, there is a slight difference, but the operation of the power supply device 1 is not significantly different. The difference in operation depending on whether it is a current source or a voltage source will be described individually.

The electric double layer capacitor 20a is an energy storage / supply device that uses the fact that positive and negative charges are stored at the interface between a solid and a liquid, called an electric double layer, and has a small capacitance of farad (F). Capacitor. When a current is supplied from the solar cell, which is a current source, to the electric double layer capacitor 20a, the input voltage _VIN across the electric double layer capacitor increases in accordance with the accumulated current amount. Further, when current is supplied from the wind power generator, which is a voltage source, to the electric double layer capacitor 20a, the input voltage _VIN eventually rises to the power generation voltage of the wind power generator. Then, energy of 1/2 × C × V _IN ² (unit: Joule) is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a. Here, C is the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor 20a.

Switch section 30a switches _{S 1,} switch _{S 2,} switches _{S 3,} is well known comprising a full bridge connection having a switch _{S 4.} In the following description, first, it switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ is to cut the current flowing in both directions is described as a switch for conducting the current flowing in both directions.

The power transformer 40 a is a transformer that can be used with a 50 Hz (Hertz) or 60 Hz sine wave that is the frequency of the AC power system 60. Power transformer 40a is provided with a primary winding _{N 1} and the secondary winding _{N 2.}

The inductor 35 functions as a high frequency rejection filter that removes a switching frequency component of 50 kHz (kilohertz) to 100 kHz generated in the switch unit 30a, and hardly functions as an inductor for 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The voltage sense transformer 55 separates the AC power system 60 and the power supply device 1 to prevent an electric shock and generates an _AC power system voltage signal SV _AC having a voltage value that can be processed by the control unit 50a. Voltage sensing transformer 55 has a primary winding SN ₁ and the secondary winding SN _2.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control unit 50a.

  The control unit 50a includes a central processing unit (CPU) 501, a RAM 502, a ROM 503, a switch interface (I / O) 504, and a secondary interface (I / O) 505. , The input voltage / current interface (I / O) 506, etc., and these components are connected to the bus line so that they can exchange information with each other. Each of the interfaces (I / O) 504 to (I / O) 506 is configured as an input / output interface, but can be used only as an output interface or only as an input interface.

Control unit 50a controls the switch _{S 1} by the switch control signal CS _1, and controls the switch _{S 2} by the switch control signal CS _2, and controls the switch _{S 3} by the switch control signal CS _3, the switch control signal CS ₄ to control the switch _{S 4.}

(Operation of the power supply device of the first embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a timing chart illustrating mainly the operation of the switch unit 30a of the first embodiment.

Figure 3 is a cross between the input current _{I IN} and the input voltage _{V IN} to be detected from the transformer current _{I T} and the transformer current _{I T} to be detected by the switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2} and the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4} and a current sensor 36 The relationship is shown. In order from the top of FIG. 3, FIG. 3A shows the time and time when the switch S ₁ and the switch S ₂ are conductive, and FIG. 3B shows the time and time when the switch S ₃ and the switch S ₄ are conductive. Represents the time during which the rectangular portion is conducting. FIG. 3 (c) shows a transformer current _{I T,} FIG. 3 (d) shows the input current _{I IN,} FIG. 3 (e) shows the input voltage _{V IN} is a voltage across the electrical double layer capacitor 20a. Each of the signal waveforms in FIGS. 3A to 3D is generated by processing in the control unit 50a described later. Here, the secondary winding side current _{I 2 = (N 1 / N} 2) is a × transformer current _{I T. (N} 1 / _{N 2)} is the ratio of number of turns _{N 1} of the primary winding _{N 1} and the number of turns _{N 2} of the secondary winding _{N 2.}

The conduction time τ is representative of one of the conduction times. It represents a repeating cycle of conduction and cutting the switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4} with a period _{T S.} Period T _S, for example, when the switching frequency is 50kHz is 10 .mu.sec when 20 .mu.sec, the switching frequency of 100kHz, the switching period in embodiments is in the range of from 20 .mu.sec 10 .mu.sec.

If the inductor 35 is not provided, the transformer current _IT is a current whose pulse width changes in the same shape as in FIGS. 3A and 3B, but is smoothed by the action of the inductor 35 to become a sine wave. The transformer current _IT is a sine wave current having the same period T _AC as the voltage waveform of the AC power system 60 as a result of a power factor improvement process with a power factor of 1 described later. The period T _AC is, for example, 20 msec (milliseconds) when the frequency of the AC power system 60 is 50 Hz (hertz), and 16.67 msec when the frequency is 60 Hz. Input current I _IN is the absolute value of the transformer current I _T, is the current flowing in one direction.

Period _{T S} is 20μsec In embodiments, when the period _{T AC} is 20 msec, the period _{T AC} / period _{T S} = 1000 (number), period _{T S} of the relative period _{T AC} / 2 500 (number) of the corresponding . Therefore, there are 500 pulse width signals (PWM signal: pea blue signal) during the period T _AC / 2, but in FIG. The operation is described by replacing it with a pulse width signal (including a pulse width signal whose conduction time τ is 0).

It is conducting at the same time as the switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2,} simultaneously cut. It is conducting at the same time as the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4,} simultaneously cut. When a switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2} is conducting is cut to the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4,} when the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4} is turned to disconnect the switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2.} Then, when the switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2} becomes conductive at the same time, the switch _S 1, 1 primary winding _{N 1,} the inductor 35, the current path flowing in the direction of the order of the switch _{S 2} (first current path) There is formed over the half-cycle time τ period T _AC while changing (pulse width) of the conducting every period T _S. On the other hand, when the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4} is turned at the same time, the switch _{S 3,} the inductor 35, primary winding _{N 1,} the current path flowing in the direction of the order of switch _{S 4} (second current path) Are formed over the other half cycle of the cycle T _AC while changing the conduction time τ for each cycle T _S. Here, the variation range of the conduction time τ is from 0 to T _S.

Sadamari the magnitude of the current flowing through the first current path in response to conduction time τ for conduction of the switch S ₁ and switch S _2, a second current according to the conduction time τ for conduction of the switch S ₃ and the switch S ₄ The current flowing through the road is determined. Both the current flowing through the first current path and the current flowing through the second current path have a period T _{S due to} the action of the inductor 35 functioning as a high-frequency rejection filter included in the first current path and the second current path. A high frequency component equal to or higher than the frequency corresponding to is attenuated. Then, to flow a transformer current _{I T} is a sinusoidal current cycle _{T AC} power transformer 40a, the control unit 50a controls the switching unit 30a.

Then either will be the described control unit 50a is how to perform a control to flow a desired input current I _IN.

AC power system voltage V _AC and the secondary winding side current I _2, that is, if the transformer current I _T is similar shapes, it is possible to supply power from the power supply device 1 into AC power system 60 in the power factor 1 . Here, when the power factor is 1, reactive power is not generated, and the efficiency of the power supply device 1 and the power transmission efficiency in the AC power system 60 can be increased.

Control unit 50a is generated using a feedback loop in accordance with the following algorithm transformer current I _T, such as to maintain the power factor by controlling the switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ of the switch unit 30a.

  The central processing unit 501 of the control unit 50 a performs the calculation of (Equation 1) using software stored in the ROM 503.

τ = K _G × (| SV _AC | − | K _I × I _T |) (1)

τ is the conduction time τ between the switch S ₁ and the switch S ₂ or the conduction time τ between the switch S ₃ and the switch S ₄ . | _{SV AC} | is the absolute value of the AC power system voltage signal _{SV AC} corresponding to an AC power system voltage _{V AC} for detecting the voltage sensing transformer 55. Constant K _I is a constant for setting the magnitude of the amplitude of the transformer current I _T. Constant K _G are constants which determine the gain of the feedback loop includes a phase compensation characteristic for gain optimization.

The conduction time τ of each switch changes with time so that | SV _AC | − | K _I × I _T | = 0 by the action of the feedback loop. In this way, the control unit 50a is controlled to be similar in shape of the absolute value of the absolute value AC power system voltage V _AC transformer current I _T, i.e. performs control of power factor 1. It is possible to increase the amplitude of the transformer current I _T to reduce the value of the constant K _I, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the transformer current I _T by increasing the value of the constant K _I. The reason for calculating the absolute value in (Equation 1) is to operate the control system as a feedback loop regardless of the positive and negative polarities of the _AC power system voltage signal SVAC.

(Equation 2) is an AC power system voltage signal SV _AC is positive if 1 is a representation of the AC power system voltage signal SV _AC is negative if -1 is an operation for detecting the polarity.

Sign (SV _AC ) (2)

If the result of the calculation of (Equation 2) is 1, the switch control signal CS ₁ and the switch control signal CS ₂ for controlling the conduction time τ in which the switch S ₁ and the switch S ₂ are conducted are output. If the result of the calculation is −1, a switch control signal CS ₃ and a switch control signal CS ₄ for controlling the conduction time τ in which the switch S ₃ and the switch S ₄ are conducted are output. In this way, the control unit 50a is the power factor to the AC power system 60 by switching the positive and negative polarity of the power supply device 1 output from the secondary winding side current I ₂ according to the polarity of the AC power system voltage V _AC The electric power is supplied so as to be 1.

(Parts of the first embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between input power P _IN (effective value) and efficiency η when the power supply device 1 supplies power to the AC power system 60.

The meaning of FIG. 4 is that when the input power _PIN is small, the switching loss of the switch unit 30a and the hysteresis loss of the inductor 35 and the power transformer 40a are dominant and the efficiency η is poor. When the input power _PIN is large, the current loss in the switch unit 30a and the current loss in the inductor 35 and the power transformer 40a are dominant, and the efficiency η is poor. The best region efficiently as can be seen from Figure 4, the input power P _IN is in the range from the power P ₁ of the power P _2.

The input power _PIN expressed by (Equation 3) is the effective power Re supplied to the input side of the power supply device 1. The output power P _OUT represented by (Equation 4) is the effective power Re that the power supply device 1 supplies to the AC power system 60. The integration period for obtaining the effective power is usually the period _TAC , but in the embodiment, the following calculation is performed in order to shorten the calculation time for obtaining the effective value. Since the output power P _OUT that is AC power is a sinusoidal voltage waveform and current waveform and the product of (voltage × current) is always positive because the power factor is 1, the period T _{AC is used} as the integration period. / 2 is used. The input power P _IN, there is also possible an electric double layer capacitor 20a longer than the period T _AC since the capacitance is large, the input voltage V _IN to select the integration period is regarded as a constant voltage more freely However, in order to simplify the processing in the central processing unit 501, the calculation is performed in accordance with the integration period of the output power P _OUT .

  The efficiency η is expressed by (Equation 5).

η = P _OUT / P _IN (5)

The relationship between the input current _{I IN} and the transformer current _{I T} is expressed by equation (6).

I _IN = | I _T | (Equation 6)

The input current I _IN (see FIG. _3D ) expressed by (Equation 6) is an absolute value of the transformer current I _T (see FIG. 3C). The secondary winding side current I ₂ is a sine wave having the same phase as the _AC power system voltage VAC at a power factor of 1. Since in the secondary winding side current _{I 2 = (N 1 / N} 2) × transformer current _{I T,} secondary winding side current _{I 2} is a similar figure a transformer current _{I T} shown in Fig. 3 (c) .

Regarding the relationship between the efficiency η expressed by (Equation 5) of the power supply apparatus 1 and the input power _PIN supplied from the distributed power supply 10 to the power supply apparatus 1, an example is given in which the distributed power supply 10 is a solar cell. I will explain.

If sunlight is irradiated to the solar cell is shielded by clouds, when the incident angle of sunlight irradiating the solar cell is small, the input power P _IN is sometimes falls below the power P _1. In such a case, the efficiency η of the power supply device 1 is deteriorated and the power loss is large. Therefore, the control unit 50a performs control to set the input power _PIN to 0 so as not to cause unnecessary power loss.

The control for setting the input power _PIN to 0 cuts off the current flowing through the power transformer 40a so that the first current path and the second current path are not formed. First current path if cutting at least one of the switches S ₁ or switch S ₂ of the switch unit 30a is not formed. The second current path if cutting at least one of the switch S ₃ or switch S ₄ is not formed.

In a state where the first current path and the second current path are not formed, the current from the solar cell flows only into the electric double layer capacitor 20a and the input voltage _VIN rises, and 1/2 × C × V _IN The amount of energy represented by ² increases. Control unit 50a monitors the input voltage _{V IN,} the input range to start the control of the input voltage _{V IN} again when reaching the predetermined voltage the predetermined switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4} of the power _{P 1} to the power _{P 2} The electric power _PIN is supplied from the electric double layer capacitor 20a to the switch unit 30a.

(First control method)
Whether or not the power supply device 1 can maintain the input power _PIN greater than or equal to the power P ₁ is not known unless Equation 3 is calculated while actually supplying power to the AC power system 60. That is, in principle, it is impossible to know this before operating the power supply device 1. According to this principle, the trigger for starting the operation of the power supply device 1 cannot be known.

However, if it cannot be known before the start of the operation of the power supply device 1 whether or not the input power _PIN greater than or equal to the power P ₁ can be maintained, for example, after the power supply device 1 stops its operation, for example, for a certain period of time After that, a trial operation for operating the power supply device 1 and supplying power to the AC power system 60 must be performed. In trial operation, not limited to the power to transmit the power supply apparatus 1 is the power P ₁ or more, it is not possible to operate the power supply device 1 to a high efficiency as a result. Therefore, when the energy storage amount expressed by 1/2 × C × V _IN ² stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a is not less than a predetermined amount, that is, when the input voltage _VIN is not less than the predetermined voltage, It is determined that the supply device 1 satisfies a condition (start condition) for starting power supply.

A predetermined input voltage V _IN that satisfies the start condition is defined as a minimum input voltage V _INMIN . This minimum input voltage V _INMIN is set to a voltage lower than the absolute maximum rated voltage. The absolute maximum rated voltage is a voltage that guarantees that even a general electric device operates without causing a failure that is determined in the same manner as the power supply device 1. The absolute maximum rated voltage is determined by the withstand voltage of the switch unit 30a and the like, and may be further determined by the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor 20a to be combined.

The minimum input voltage V _INMIN that determines the trigger for starting the operation of the power supply device 1 can be appropriately determined so as to be the input voltage _VIN that is lower than the absolute maximum rated voltage. Further, the minimum input voltage V _INMIN can be easily determined by finding an input voltage _VIN from which the electric power equal to or higher than the electric power P ₁ can be extracted from the power supply device 1 for a predetermined time or more by an experiment using an actual machine.

In short, the power supply apparatus 1 supplies power to the AC power system 60 that is a power reception target as follows. Control unit 50a is AC power system the output power input voltage V _IN of the input side is obtained from the control to the secondary winding of the conduction time of the switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ when the predetermined minimum input voltage V _INMIN more The power supply process supplied to 60 is started, and when the transmission power transmitted by the switch unit 30a is less than the predetermined power (power P ₁ ), the switch is disconnected and the power supply process is stopped. In this way, it is possible to operate at high efficiency power supply unit 1 to the input power P _IN as power P ₁ or more.

More specifically, the power supply device 1, the input voltage V _IN is the after starting the transmission of power becomes a predetermined minimum input voltage V _INMIN above operates as follows. So as to supply power power P ₁ or more based on the value of the constant K _I in advance determined fixed value (Equation 1). Then, it calculates the input power P _IN based on the equation (3), when the input power P _IN is below the power P _1, the power supply apparatus 1 stops the supply of power to the AC power system 60. Here, since the input current I _IN can be adjusted based on the value of the constant K _I in (Equation 1), a fixed value of the constant K _I that can transmit the power P ₁ or more can be determined in advance. The input voltage V _IN can not be transmit power P ₁ or more regardless of the value of the constant K _I come reduced.

Alternatively, it can be controlled as follows. If the input voltage V _IN is lowered likely to be the input power P _IN is less than the power P _1, the control unit 50a is while reducing the value of the constant K _I, to maintain the power P ₁ or more transmission power longer time be able to. Power supply apparatus 1 if unable to maintain power P ₁ or more transmission power is also by subtracting the value of the constant K _I stops power supply to the AC power system 60.

After the supply of power from the power supply device 1 to the AC power system 60 is stopped, a current flows from the distributed power source 10 to the electric double layer capacitor 20a and is accumulated in the electric double layer capacitor 20a 1/2 × C Since the energy represented by × V _IN ² increases, preparation for the next power supply can be made.

Such control is the principle control in the embodiment, but the principle control with high utility value has the following points to be improved. When the minimum input voltage V _{INMIN at} which the power supply device 1 starts power transmission is too low, there may be a case where power can be transmitted to the AC power system 60 only for a short time. In addition, the value of the input voltage _VIN immediately after the start of power for the AC power system 60 may be excessive.

  Some of the higher-level control methods for further improving the principle control will be described below.

(Second control method)
The power supply device 1 normally has the highest efficiency when operated at the center point of the rated voltage having a certain width. The center point of this rated voltage is defined as the rated center input voltage V _INREF . The relationship between the rated center input voltage V _INREF and the minimum input voltage V _INMIN in a more advanced control method will be described. The relationship between the rated center input voltage V _INREF and the minimum input voltage V _INMIN is derived from ( _Equation 7).

1/2 × C × V _INMIN ² ≧ P ₁ × T _D + 1/2 × C × V _INREF ² ( _Expression 7)

The left side of ( _Formula 7) is the energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a at the minimum input voltage V _INMIN . P ₁ × T _{D on} the right side of (Equation 7) is the power P 1 for the power supply device 1 during the time T _D when power is not supplied from the distributed power supply 10 to the electric double layer capacitor 20a. _This is a decrease energy when ₁ is input. Further, 1/2 × C × V _INREF ² is energy at the rated center input voltage V _INREF . The meaning of ( _Equation 7) means that if the condition of ( _Equation 7) is satisfied, the operation of the power supply device 1 is started at the minimum input voltage V _INMIN , and if the power P ₁ is _continuously input to the power supply device 1, it is distributed. the voltage across the electrical double layer capacitor 20a until the time T _D has passed when there is no supply of power from the mold power supply 10 is that it does not decrease to the rated center input voltage V _INREF. (8) is the value of the time T _D which is derived from the condition of equation (7).

T _D ≧ {C / (2 × P ₁ )} × (V _INMIN ² −V _INREF ² ) ( _Equation 8)

By (8), the control unit 50a is the input voltage V _IN before the power supply device 1 operates the power supply device 1 whether it is possible to maintain the input power P _IN of the power P ₁ time T _D or Can be determined by the value of. For at least the time T _D power supply device 1 even when there is no power supply from the distributed power supply 10, thereby preventing the repeating and stopping operation in a short time to operate from the viewpoint of further improving the efficiency , the time T _D is the time which may appropriately determined. As the inside out has been described above, the electric double layer capacitor 20a is also continue to enter the power P ₁ for at least the time T _D even if no power supply from the distributed power supply 10 to the power supply device 1 This _means that the voltage across the electric double layer capacitor 20a must have a capacitance (capacitance) that does not decrease until the rated center input voltage V _INREF . After the operation of the power supply device 1, the input power _PIN can be calculated momentarily to determine whether or not the power supply is accurately performed with high efficiency.

Here, as is clear from equation (8), the time T _D is longer enough capacity of the electric double layer capacitor 20a increases. Further, as the capacity increases, the minimum input voltage _{V INMIN} can longer be time _{T D} low. Therefore, first, determine the time T _D which continue to enter the power P ₁ to the power supply device 1 even when there is no power supply from the distributed power supply 10, and then determines the input voltage V _INMIN, further, the power P defined constants K _I for obtaining _1, finally by determining the capacity of the electric double layer capacitor 20a based on the equation (8), without the minimum input voltage V _INMIN an excessive value, and the efficiency it can achieve the purpose with high efficiency to allow time T _D of the continuous operation Naru required increase of operating a power supply device 1.

The electric equipment generally defines a rated voltage, and guarantees the performance determined from the lower limit rated input voltage V _{INREFMIN of the} lower limit of the rated voltage to the rated upper limit input voltage V _{INREFMAX of the} upper limit of the rated voltage. Therefore, the rated center input voltage V _INREF in ( _Equation 7) and ( _Equation 8) can be replaced with any voltage between the rated lower limit input voltage V _INREFMIN and the rated upper limit input voltage V _INREFMAX . As is clear from equation (8), the time _{T D} in the case of changing place the nominal center input voltage _{V INREF} the rated lower limit input voltage _{V INREFMIN} becomes longer ones. The time _{T D} in the case of changing place the nominal center input voltage _{V INREF} the rated upper limit input voltage _{V INREFMAX} becomes shorter ones, time _{T D} varies according to the voltage changing place the nominal center input voltage _{V INREF.}

When the input voltage _VIN on the input side is equal to or higher than the minimum input voltage V _INMIN , the control unit 50a controls the conduction time of the switch and outputs the output power obtained from the secondary winding to the AC power system 60 that is the power receiving target. The power supply process to be supplied is started. Constant _{K I} (Equation 1), the input current because it determines the size of the _{I IN,} preset constant _{K I} as power _P 1 = (nominal center input voltage _{V INREF} × input current _{I IN)} is established Once you have, as there is no power supply from the distributed power supply 10, the power supply device 1 while maintaining high efficiency, substantially, during the time T _D is the ability to supply power P ₁ or more power. Then, the transmission power for transmitting the switch portion 30a if less than the power P _1, to cut the switch to stop the power supply process.

As a modification of the second control method, when the power _{P IN} came close to the power _{P 1} is to reduce the constant _{K 1,} to increase the current _{I IN,} usually, the power _{P IN} is less than the power _{P 1} Can be prevented. In this way, it is possible to continue to transmit electric power equal to or higher than electric power P ₁ while maintaining the efficiency of the electric power supply device 1 high for a long time. Then, even if the current I _IN is increased, if the transmission power transmitted by the switch unit 30a becomes less than the power P _{1 at} the stage where the power _PIN does not increase, the switch is disconnected and the power supply process is stopped.

In the first control method, the minimum input voltage V _INMIN is appropriately determined. For example, the minimum input voltage V _INMIN was determined by experiment. On the other hand, in the second control method, the minimum input voltage V _INMIN is determined based on ( _Equation 7). According to the second control method, the power supply device 1 can supply power equal to or higher than the power P ₁ for a period of time T _D while maintaining high efficiency. Therefore, the predictability of the operation time of the power supply device 1 is improved. The reliability of the operation of the power supply device 1 can be enhanced by analytically _obtaining the capacity of the electric double layer capacitor 20a for _setting the minimum input voltage V _INMIN to a desired value as well as higher.

(Third control method)
As still another method for power control, instead of stopping the power supply process by cutting the switched power supply device 1 from becoming unable output power P _1, a margin for operation, the power P ₁ limit The power supply process may be stopped by disconnecting the switch before arriving. Since the processing is complicated, the following description will be given with reference to a flowchart.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating processing performed by the central processing unit 501 of the control unit 50a of the power supply device 1 according to the first embodiment.

(Flow chart of control processing)
The calculation and control performed by the central processing unit 501 of the control unit 50a will be described with reference to FIG. The central processing unit 501 executes a series of processes from the start to the return of the initial process in FIG. 5A and a series of processes from the start to the return of the power supply process in FIG. .

The central processing unit 501 performs the series of processing from the start to return of the initial processing of FIG. 5A in the interrupt register immediately after the reset of the central processing unit 501, or the initial address of the initial processing in the power supply processing is an interrupt register. It is executed at the interrupt immediately after it is written. The central processing unit 501 executes the series of processes from the start to the return of the power supply process in FIG. 5B when the start address of the power process is written in the interrupt register. That is, there are three types: an interrupt process that executes only the initial process, an interrupt process that executes only the power supply process, and an interrupt process that executes the power supply process following the initial process. Interrupt is a timer interrupt, the period of interrupt will be described below as a period T _S.

(Initial processing)
The initial processing shown in FIG. 5A is performed by resetting the central processing unit 501, writing the initial address of the initial processing in the interrupt register, and then writing the initial processing written in the interrupt register by the next interrupt. Start by executing the process from the top address. Initial process, the process of the initial value predetermined for each of the parameters in the power supply process, the process of cutting all the switches S ₁ to switch S _4, the process of writing the address to be executed in the next interrupt to the interrupt register Including.

In step ST11, the central processing unit 501 determines the minimum input voltage V _INMIN , the rated center input voltage V _INREF , the constant K _G (see _Equation 1), the constant K _I (see _Equation 1), and the prescribed power, which are predetermined initial values. P _REF , minute difference ΔK _I , minute difference ΔP and power P ₁ are read from ROM 503 and stored in a register of central processing unit 501. Also, it sets all of the switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ to conduction time tau = 0 as switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ is disconnected.
Incidentally, the rated central input voltage _{V INREF,} may be replaced to an arbitrary voltage between the rated lower limit input voltage _{V INREFMIN} as described above to the rated upper limit input voltage _{V INREFMAX.}

Minimum input voltage V _INMIN is during the time T _D power P ₁ to the power supply device 1 by energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a as described above rated power supply device 1 as would be supplied This is the lowest voltage set in advance within the input voltage range.
The rated center input voltage V _INREF is the center input voltage V _IN within the rated range of the power supply device 1.
The initial value of the constant K ₁ is updated every period T _S by the action of the feedback loop. Than the value constant K ₁ is expected to have excessive power in a short time to switch to converge eventually converge to prevent supplied set to a large value.
The slight difference ΔK _I is a constant for gradually changing the value of the constant K ₁ read from ROM. For example, set to about 1 / 100-1 / 1000 of the initial values of constants K _1.
The initial value of the prescribed power P _REF is a predetermined power that is greater than or equal to the power P ₁ and less than the power P ₂ . For example, it is an intermediate value between power P ₁ and power P ₂ .
The slight difference ΔP is a constant for gradually changing the value of the prescribed power P _REF read from ROM. For example, it is set to about 1/100 to 1/1000 of the initial value of the specified power P _REF .

In step ST12, the central processing unit 501 determines whether the input voltage V _IN is _{equal to} or higher than the minimum input voltage V _INMIN . If the input voltage _VIN is _{equal to} or higher than the minimum input voltage V _INMIN (Yes), the process _proceeds to step ST13. If the input voltage _VIN is less than the minimum input voltage V _INMIN (No), the process proceeds to step ST14. Move.

In step ST13, the central processing unit 501 writes the start address of the power supply process to the interrupt register, and the initial process ends.
The next interrupt process starts from the head address of the power supply process.

In step ST14, the central processing unit 501 writes the initial address of the initial process to the interrupt register, and the initial process ends.
The next interrupt process starts from the start address of the initial process.

(Power supply processing)
In the power supply process, the central processing unit 501 determines, for each interrupt, whether or not power supply from the power supply apparatus 1 to the AC power system 60 is also performed in the next interrupt. When controlling the power supply, the central processing unit 501 keeps the power factor 1 and keeps the input voltage _VIN at the rated center input voltage V _INREF , which is the center voltage of the rated voltage of the power supply device 1. The specified power P _REF , which is the input power _{PIN to be used} , is automatically set. In the embodiment, the range of the prescribed power P _REF is between the power P ₁ and the power P ₂ that is the maximum capacity of the distributed power source 10. In order to achieve this purpose, the central processing unit 501 updates the constant K _I and the specified power P _REF , which are initial values set in the initial process, for each interrupt process, and updates the updated constant K _I and the specified power. _PREF is updated and stored in the register. The central processing unit 501 uses the updated constant K _I and the specified power P _REF stored in the register in various calculations of power control for each interrupt.

In step ST101, the central processing unit 501 obtains the input voltage V _IN (see FIG. 3 (e)) and the input current I _IN (see FIG. 3 (d)) via the input voltage / current interface 506. Further, via the secondary interface 505 acquires the AC power system voltage _{V AC} and the AC power system voltage signal _{SV AC} shape similar.
Here, hardware (not shown) of the input voltage / current interface 506 (see FIG. 2) detects the absolute value of the transformer current I _T (FIG. 3 (c)), and the central processing unit 501 determines the input current I _IN . obtain. After obtaining the transformer current IT, the central processing unit 501 may perform an operation for obtaining an absolute value.

  In step ST102, the central processing unit 501 calculates the switch conduction time τ based on (Equation 1).

In step ST103, central processing unit 501 calculates the polarity of _AC power system voltage signal SV _AC based on (Equation 2).

In step ST104 the central processing unit 501 via the switch unit interface 504, and outputs a switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ to reflect the AC power system voltage signal _{SV AC} polarity and the conduction time of the switch conduction τ .
Each of switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4} of the switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch part 30a by each of the switch control signal CS ₄ is controlled.
A power factor of 1 is realized by such processing from step ST102 to step ST104.

In step ST105, the central processing unit 501 calculates the input power _PIN , which is the effective power in the cycle TAC / 2, based on (Equation 3).
In principle processing, the product of the input voltage V _IN and the input current I _IN is calculated for each period T _S which is an interrupt period, and every ((period TAC / 2) / period T _S ) interrupts. When calculating the input power P _iN is the effective value, in the embodiment for processing of calculating the input power P _iN for each interrupt period T _S for calculations as follows.
For each period T _S , the product of the input voltage _VIN and the input current I _IN at the oldest sampling time in ((period TAC / 2) / period T _S ) is discarded, and the input voltage at the current sampling time is discarded. The product of V _IN and input current I _IN is added to obtain the square root to obtain the moving effective value to obtain the input power _PIN .

In step ST106 the central processing unit 501, the input power _{P IN} is determined whether the provisions is the power _{P REF} above, the input power _{P IN} is the step of processing when it is specified power _{P REF} more (Yes) ST 107 If the input power _PIN is less than the specified power _PREF (No), the process proceeds to step ST108.

Central processing unit 501 at step ST107 is to increase the value of the constant _{K I} by adding the visa [Delta] K _I constant _{K I,} writes the updated value of constant _{K I} in the register.
When the value of the constant _{K I} is larger, the transformer current _{I T} (i.e., the input current _{I IN)} from the next interrupt while maintaining the power factor 1 decreases the input power _{P IN} approaches to the provision power _{P REF} ( (See Equation 1).

Central processing unit 501 at step ST108 is to smaller value of the constant _{K I} by subtracting the differential refinement [Delta] K _I from the constant _{K I,} writes the updated value of constant _{K I} in the register.
When the value of the constant _{K I} smaller, transformer current from the next interrupt while maintaining the power factor 1 _{I T} (i.e., the input current _{I IN)} increases the input power _{P IN} approaches to the provision power _{P REF} ( (See Equation 1).

Central processing unit 501 at step ST109, it is determined whether or not the rated central input voltage _{V INREF} above the input voltage _{V IN} is, when the input voltage _{V IN} is rated central input voltage _{V INREF} more (Yes), The process moves to step ST110, and if the input voltage _VIN is less than the rated center input voltage V _INREF (No), the process _moves to step ST111.

Central processing unit 501 at step ST110, the provisions power _{P REF} in by adding the visa ΔP is larger prescribed value power _{P REF,} and writes the updated value of the specified power _{P REF} in the register.
When the value of the specified power P _REF is made larger, at the next interruption, the input power _PIN approaches the higher specified power P _REF , and as a result, the input power _PIN increases, so that the input voltage _VIN becomes The input voltage V _IN can be maintained at the rated center input voltage V _INREF by _decreasing .

Central processing unit 501 at step ST111, the provisions power from _{P REF} by subtracting a differential refinement ΔP to smaller values of specified power _{P REF,} and writes the updated value of the specified power _{P REF} in the register.
When the value of the specified power P _REF is made smaller, at the next interruption, the input power _PIN approaches the lower specified power P _REF , and as a result, the input power _PIN decreases, so the input voltage _VIN becomes As a result, the input voltage V _IN can be maintained at the rated center input voltage V _INREF .

Step central processing unit 501 in ST112, it is determined whether or not the input power _{P IN} is the power _{P 1} or more, power supply processing is ended when the input power _{P IN} is the power _{P 1} or more (Yes) If the input power _PIN is less than the power P ₁ (No), the process proceeds to step ST113. In the case of Yes, in the next interruption, the power supply process is performed again.

  In step ST113, the central processing unit 501 writes the start address of the initial process to the interrupt register, and the power supply process ends. In the next interruption, initial processing is performed.

In the third control method, the control unit 50a keeps the power factor 1 and keeps the input voltage _VIN at the rated center input voltage V _INREF that is the center voltage of the rated voltage, while maintaining the power P ₁ or power with high efficiency η. supplying power to the AC power system 60 by the input power _{P iN} of the range of P _2. In the third control method, the input voltage _VIN is kept constant, so that the reliability of the operation of the power supply device 1 is higher. As described above, the rated center input voltage V _INREF can be replaced with any voltage between the rated lower limit input voltage V _INREFMIN and the rated upper limit input voltage V _INREFMAX .

Like the third first control method and the second control method is also in the control method, the control unit 50a, when the input power P _IN is below the power P _1, the first current path and a second The operation of the power supply device 1 is stopped without forming a current path, and the current from the solar cell is stored only in the electric double layer capacitor 20a. Incidentally, than the maximum power that can be taken out from the solar cell, when the power P ₂ is the power transmitted when determining the rated power of the inverter to a switch unit 30a and the power transformer 40a and the main components such that the power P ₂ increases There is no limit.

  In the conventional technology, the inverter having the switch unit 30a and the power transformer 40a as main components operates to transmit power to the AC power system 60 at all times even if the power obtained from the solar cell is small. When the electric power obtained from the solar cell is small, the efficiency η is poor. In the first embodiment, when the power obtained from the solar cell is small, energy is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a without transmitting power, and the energy is obtained from the solar cell only in a region where the efficiency η is high. The power is transmitted to the AC power system 60. Thus, the overall efficiency is improved compared to the prior art.

  Next, the case where the distributed power source 10 is a wind power generator will be described.

In case the distributed power supply 10 is a wind generator also when the wind weakens the input power P _IN does not reach the power P ₁ is the inverter stops the operation of the power transmission to the AC power system 60. Here, since the wind power generator functions as a voltage source, when the wind power weakens, the power generation voltage of the wind power generator is lower than the input voltage _VIN that is the voltage across the electric double layer capacitor 20a. At this time, since the energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a flows back to the wind power generator, the electric power goes back and forth between the wind power generator and the electric double layer capacitor 20a according to the strength of the wind and becomes a loss.

  Therefore, it is desirable to arrange a diode that prevents backflow between the wind power generator and the electric double layer capacitor 20a. In this way, even if the wind power is weakened, the energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a is stored without returning to the wind power generator, and the electric double layer capacitor 20a does not become a load of the wind power generator. The kinetic energy of the windmill rotation is also conserved.

Wind is restored voltage across strongly becomes the voltage generated by the wind turbine increases the electric double layer capacitor 20a, the control unit 50a that reaches the input voltage V _IN can supply power P ₁ is detected, Again, the power supply device 1 transmits power to the AC power system 60 only in a region where the efficiency η is high. By arranging the diode for preventing the backflow in this way, the overall efficiency of power transmission from the wind power generator to the AC power system 60 is further increased.

  When the overall efficiency of the power supply device 1 is increased, more power can be transmitted to the AC power system 60, and a technical effect of reducing the burden on the AC generator 61 is produced. Moreover, the economic effect that the profit of the person who sells the electric power of the distributed power source 10 becomes larger as the amount of electric power supplied from the electric power supply device 1 increases is produced.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a first example of the power supply apparatus according to the first embodiment.

The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. First embodiment, the distributed power supply 10 is a solar cell, switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ is MOSFET: the implementation of the first embodiment when it is (Mosuefuiti metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) It is an example. Each MOSFET of the switch unit 30aa of the power supply device 1a has a body diode formed in the manufacturing process between the drain and the source. Four body diode, an input side primary winding N ₁ of the power transformer 40a, which form a bridge rectifier circuit for the electric double layer capacitor 20a and the output side.

When switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ as described above is bidirectional switch, no current flows in either direction when the switch is disconnected. However, when the switches Sa _{1 to} Sa ₄ formed of MOSFETs are disconnected, a current path is formed only by this bridge rectifier circuit, and the AC power generated in the primary side winding N ₁ of the power transformer 40a is Rectified by this bridge rectifier circuit, a DC voltage is applied to the electric double layer capacitor 20a.

Here, when the input voltage _VIN across the electric double layer capacitor 20a is lower than the DC voltage rectified by the bridge rectifier circuit, the current from the bridge rectifier circuit flows to the electric double layer capacitor 20a. On the other hand, when the input voltage _VIN across the electric double layer capacitor 20a is higher than the DC voltage rectified by the bridge rectifier circuit, the current from the bridge rectifier circuit does not flow to the electric double layer capacitor 20a. Is supplied to the electric double layer capacitor 20a and stored as energy. And control part 50a performs control which transmits electric power more than electric power P1 to exchange electric power system 60 in the stage where energy was fully stored in electric double layer capacitor 20a.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second example of the power supply apparatus according to the first embodiment.

The second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment is a distributed power supply 10 is wind power generator, the first embodiment and the switch Sa ₁ to switch Sa ₄ similarly shows an embodiment in which a MOSFET. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a backflow prevention diode 21 is connected between the wind power generator functioning as a voltage source and the electric double layer capacitor 20a.

In the second embodiment, the power supply device 1b includes the backflow prevention diode 21, and prevents the power from being wasted as described above. When the wind power is weak and the generated voltage of the wind power generator is low, the backflow prevention diode 21 prevents a current from flowing from the electric double layer capacitor 20a to the wind power generator. Further, since the electric double layer capacitor 20a does not become a load of the wind power generator, it does not hinder the rotational motion of the wind power generator, the kinetic energy of the wind turbine connected to the wind power generator is less dissipated, and the rotational speed of the wind turbine decreases rapidly. Never do. When the wind power becomes stronger and the electromotive voltage of the wind power generator exceeds the input voltage _VIN , the backflow prevention diode 21 is turned on to flow a charging current through the electric double layer capacitor 20a. Control unit 50a performs control for transmitting the power P ₁ or more power to the AC power system 60 at a stage where enough energy in the electric double layer capacitor 20a is stored. In this way, the electric power generated by the wind power generator can be used effectively.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the second embodiment.

  The same parts as those of the first embodiment of the components of the second embodiment shown in FIG. The power supply device 2 of the second embodiment includes a first power supply block and a second power supply block.

First power supply block includes a switch portion 30a ₁ of a switch _{S 11} and the switch _{S 21} and the switches _{S 31} and the switch _{S 41,} the first primary winding _{N 11} of the power transformer 40b, a first the inductor 351, a first current sensor 361, a first electric double layer capacitor 20a _1, a distributed power source 101, and a control unit 50b which is shared with the second power supply block, a structure portion .

Switch _{S 1} of the switch _{S 11} of the switch section 30a ₁ and the switch portion 30a of the first embodiment operates similarly has the same configuration, the switch _{S 21} and the switch _{S 2} is similarly has the same configuration work, the switch S ₃₁ and the switch S ₃ operates in the same manner has the same configuration, the switch S ₄₁ and the switch S ₄ operates similarly have the same configuration. The inductor 351 has the same configuration as the inductor 35 of the first embodiment and operates in the same manner. The current sensor 361 has the same configuration as the current sensor 36 of the first embodiment and operates in the same manner. the double layer capacitor 20a ₁ operates similarly has the same configuration as that of the electric double layer capacitor 20a of the first embodiment.

Second power supply block includes a switch portion 30a ₂ having a and switch _{S 12} and the switches _{S 22} and the switch _{S 32} switches _{S 42,} and the second primary winding _{N 12} of the power transformer 40b, a second the inductor 352, a second current sensor 362, a second electric double layer capacitor 20a _2, and distributed power supply 102, a control unit 50b which is shared with the first power supply block, a structure portion .

Switch _{S 1} of the switch _{S 12} of the switch unit 30a ₂ switch portion 30a of the first embodiment operates in the same manner has the same configuration, the switch _{S 22} and the switch _{S 2} is similarly has the same configuration work, the switch S ₃₂ and the switch S ₃ operates in the same manner has the same configuration, the switch S ₄₂ and the switch S ₄ operates similarly have the same configuration. The inductor 352 has the same configuration as the inductor 35 of the first embodiment and operates in the same manner, and the current sensor 362 has the same configuration as the current sensor 36 of the first embodiment and operates in the same manner. The double layer capacitor 20a ₂ has the same configuration as the electric double layer capacitor 20a of the first embodiment and operates in the same manner.

  The control unit 50b of the second embodiment has the same configuration as the control unit 50a of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, but the switch unit interface 504, the secondary side interface 505, the input voltage / current Any of the interfaces 506 corresponds to the increased number of signals compared to the first embodiment. The program stored in the ROM 503 executed by the central processing unit 501 is also a program for controlling the first power supply block and the second power supply block, and is different from the first embodiment.

Figure 9 is a timing chart for explaining about the operation of the switch portion 30a ₂ of the switch section 30a ₁ and the second power supply block of the first power supply block.

In order from the top of FIG. 9, FIG. 9A shows the time and time when the switch S ₁₁ and the switch S ₂₁ are conductive, and FIG. 9B shows the time and time when the switch S ₃₁ and the switch S ₄₁ are conductive. 9C shows the time and time when the switch S ₁₂ and the switch S ₂₂ are conductive, and FIG. 9D shows the time and time when the switch S ₃₂ and the switch S ₄₂ are conductive. The switch control signal CS ₁₁ conducts / disconnects the switch S ₁₁ , the switch control signal CS ₂₁ conducts / disconnects the switch S ₂₁ , the switch control signal CS ₃₁ conducts / disconnects the switch S ₃₁ , and the switch control signal CS ₄₁ There are conductive or disconnect the switch _{S 41.} The switch control signal CS ₁₂ conducts / disconnects the switch S ₁₂ , the switch control signal CS ₂₂ conducts / disconnects the switch S ₂₂ , the switch control signal CS ₃₂ conducts / disconnects the switch S ₃₂ , and the switch control signal CS ₄₂ There are conductive or disconnect the switch _{S 42.}

Period T _AC is the period of the voltage of the AC power system 60, a period indicated by a reference numeral of T _AC in FIG. The time T ₁ represents the time during which the switches S _{12 to} S ₄₂ are disconnected and the switches S _{11 to} S ₄₁ are conductive / disconnected. Time _{T 2} are the switches _{S 11} to switch _{S 41} is cut, representing the amount of time that the switch _{S 12} to switch _{S 42} is conducting and cutting. Time T ₁ is a time during which the first power supply block supplies power to the AC power system 60, and time T ₂ is a time during which the second power supply block supplies power to the AC power system 60. It's time.

FIG. _9E shows the transformer current I _T1 flowing through the first primary winding N ₁₁ , and FIG. _9F shows the transformer current I _T2 flowing through the second primary winding N ₁₂ . Figure 9 (g) shows the secondary winding side current _{I 2.} Here, the secondary winding side current I ₂ = (N ₁₁ / N ₂ ) × transformer current I _T1 + (N ₁₂ / N ₂ ) × transformer current _{IT 2} . _(N 11 / _{N 2)} is the ratio of the number of turns _{N 2} turns _{N 11} and secondary winding _{N 2} of the first primary winding _{N 11, (N 12 / N} 2) is the second 1 the ratio of the number of turns _{N 2} turns _{N 12} and secondary winding _{N 2} of the next winding _{N 12.}

The horizontal axes of FIGS. 9A to 9G represent the same time t. The time during which each rectangular portion in FIGS. 3 (a) to 9 (d) is conductive, and the rest represent cutting. As in the first embodiment, the conduction time is pulse width modulated. Repetition period of conduction and cutting of each switch is the period T _S.

Each of the first transformer current I _T1 and the second transformer current I _{T2 has} the same sine wave waveform as the voltage waveform of the AC power system 60, and the cycle of the sine wave is a period T _AC , that is, 20 msec or 16.67 msec. is there. Period T _S of the conduction and cutting of not shown the switches in FIG. 9, like FIG. 3, for example, a 20Myusec～10myusec.

Conducting and cutting at the same time the switch _{S 11} and the switch _{S 21,} conducting and cutting at the same time the switch _{S 31} and the switch _{S 41.} At time T ₁ , a half-cycle time T in which the switch S ₁₁ and the switch S ₂₁ have a conduction time τ (τ changes so that the first transformer current I _T1 is a sine wave) and are turned on and off. _AC / in 2 was cut to the switch _{S 31} and the switch _{S 41,} the switch in the switch _{S 31} and the switch _{S 41} and the time _{T AC} / 2 other half cycle of conduction and cutting a conduction time τ to disconnect the S ₁₁ and the switch _{S 21.} At time _{T 2,} switches _{S 11,} the switch _{S 21,} switches _{S 31,} both of the switches _{S 41} to cut.

Further, conductive and cutting at the same time the switch _{S 12} and the switch _{S 22,} conducting and cutting at the same time the switch _{S 32} and the switch _{S 42.} At time T _2, switches S ₁₂ and the switch S ₂₂ and the conduction time tau (tau second transformer current I _T2 varying as a sine wave) of the half cycle of conduction and cutting a has time T cut the switch _{S 32} and the switch _{S 42} is in the _AC / 2, the switch in the switch _{S 32} and the switch _{S 42} and the other half cycle of conduction and cutting a conduction time τ time _{T AC} / 2 to disconnect the S ₁₂ and the switches _{S 22.} At time _{T 1,} the switch _{S 12,} the switch _{S 22,} switches _{S 32,} both of the switches _{S 42} to cut.

(Parts of the second embodiment)
The power in which the input power P _IN1 (refer to the input power _PIN of _Equation 3) obtained by calculating the first input current I _IN1 and the first input voltage V _IN1 is a power range in which the efficiency η is good. that supplies power to the AC power system 60 in a range of P ₁ and the power P ₂ (see Figure 4) is the same as the first embodiment. Be determined the time T _D in the same manner as in the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the repeated time T _1> time T _D, and the first power supply block and operation of the frequent power supply and stop the The efficiency of one power supply block can be improved. The second input current _{I IN2} and the second input voltage _{V IN2} and the input power _{P IN2} obtained by calculation (see the input power _{P IN} of 3) is in the range of efficiency η is Naru good power that supplies power to the AC power system 60 in certain power P ₁ and the range of power P ₂ is the same as the first embodiment. Be determined the time T _D in the same manner as in the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the repeated time T _2> time T _D, and the second power supply block and operation of the frequent power supply and stop the The efficiency of the second power supply block can be improved.

9, after starting the first power supply block the supply of electric power to the AC power system 60, the input power P _IN1 is time to below power P ₁ is the time T _1. Control section 50b, the input power when the P _IN1 detects that below the power P _1, the supply of electric power from the first power supply block is stopped, power second power supply block by the input voltage V _IN2 is P ₁ It is determined whether the supply of power to the AC power system 60 can be started with the input power _{PIN2 as described} above (Yes) or not (No). When the determination result is Yes, the control unit 50b performs control so that the second power supply block starts supplying power to the AC power system 60.

Then, after the time _{T 2,} the control section 50b, the input power when the _{P IN2} detects that below the power _{P 1,} the first power supply block is a power _{P 1} or more of the input power P by the input voltage _{V IN1} It is determined whether the supply of power to the AC power system 60 can be started at _IN1 (Yes) or not (No). When the determination result is Yes, the control unit 50b immediately controls the first power supply block to start supplying power to the AC power system 60 (see FIG. 9). On the other hand, when the determination result is No, although not shown in FIG. 9, AC power is supplied until either the first power supply block or the second power supply block can start supplying power. Control is performed so that the supply of power to the grid 60 is stopped.

  According to the second embodiment, both the first power supply block and the second power supply block can supply power to the AC power system 60 while maintaining high efficiency η. For example, when the light receiving surface of the first distributed power source 101 is a solar cell arranged in the east direction and the light receiving surface of the second distributed power source 102 is a solar cell arranged in the west direction, the morning of the sun High-efficiency power transmission is possible according to the movement of the sky from night to night. In addition, even when clouds that block sunlight move from east to west, highly efficient power transmission can be performed in accordance with the movement of the clouds.

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating processing performed by the central processing unit 501 of the control unit 50b of the power supply device 2 according to the second embodiment.

  FIG. 10A shows the initial process, FIG. 10B shows the first power supply process, and 10C shows the second power supply process. Since each of FIGS. 10B and 10C has the same structure as that of FIG. 5B, the entire description is omitted. FIG. 10B shows a first power supply process for controlling the first power supply block, and 10 (c) shows a second power supply process for controlling the second power supply block. Only the power processing of the same block is executed in the same interrupt cycle. The execution of the second power supply process is not performed during the execution of the first power supply process, and the execution of the first power supply process is not performed during the execution of the second power supply process.

When the power supply process in one block is stopped and the power supply process in the other block is executed, the process always moves through the initial process. When the first power supply process is stopped and the second power supply process is executed, the first power supply process, the initial process in the next interrupt cycle, the second power supply process, The process moves to the second power supply process in the next interrupt cycle. When the second power supply process is stopped and the first power supply process is executed, the second power supply process, the first power supply process following the initial process in the next interrupt cycle, and The process moves to the first power supply process in the next interrupt cycle. Specifically, the first power supply process depends on whether the address written to the interrupt register in the initial process is the start address of the first power supply process or the start address of the second power supply process. Alternatively, it is determined which power supply process of the second power supply process is executed. Each executing the initial processing, the updated constant K _I as defined power P _REF is returned to the initial value. If neither the first power supply nor the second power supply can supply power in the initial process, the initial process is repeated for each interrupt and the process remains in the initial process.

(Initial processing)
The description of the initial processing in the second embodiment will be generally made including the processing in the modification of the second embodiment in which there are n power supply blocks to be described later.

Step ST21 in FIG. 10A is the same as step ST11 of the initial process shown in FIG. The j _OLD described later is already stored in the register.

In step ST22, the central processing unit 501 performs an increment operation of j _NEW = j _OLD +1, performs a modulo operation of m = j _NEW (modulo n), and the power supply block to detect the input voltage _VIN is (m + 1). ) Is specified.
Here, j _NEW is the cumulative number of detections of the input voltage _VIN , and n is the total number of power supply blocks. In this embodiment, since the total number of power supply blocks is 2, n = 2. In the modulo operation of m = j _NEW (modulo n), m is defined as the remainder of j _NEW / n. If n = _2, the in _{j NEW} is _{2 (m + 1) = 1} , the _{j NEW} is 3 (m + 1) = At _{2, j NEW} is _{4 (m + 1) = 1} , the _{j NEW} is 5 (m + 1) = 2 , .. And (m + 1) repeat 1 and 2. That is, the first power supply block and the second power supply block can be specified alternately.
When n is other than 2, every time j _NEW is incremented, (m + 1) is 1, 2,... n, 1, 2,... n, 1, 2,. Repeat from n to n. That is, the first power supply block to the nth power supply block can be identified in order.

In step ST23 the central processing unit 501, (m + 1) -th input voltage _{V IN} of the power supply block is the minimum input voltage _{V INMIN} more (Yes), the process proceeds to step ST24, the input voltage _{V IN} is minimum If it is less than the input voltage V _INMIN (No), the process _proceeds to step ST25.

In step ST24, the central processing unit 501 writes the start address of the power supply process for controlling the (m + 1) th power supply block to the interrupt register, _replaces the contents of the register with _jOLD = _jNEW, and performs the initial process. Exit.
The next interrupt process starts from the head address of the power supply process ((m + 1) th power supply process).

In step ST25, the central processing unit 501 writes the initial address of the initial process to the interrupt register, replaces j _OLD = j _NEW and the contents of the register, and ends the initial process.
The next interrupt process starts from the start address of the initial process.

The processing from step ST22 to step ST25 will be specifically described. The description will be made assuming that j _OLD = 5. Since the total number of power supply blocks is 2, n = 2. Since j _OLD = 5, the power supply block that detected the input voltage _VIN immediately before was the second power supply block.

Central processing unit 501 in step ST22 _performs increment operation _{j NEW = 5 (j OLD)} +1, performs a modulo operation of the _{m = 6 (j NEW) (} modulo 2), the power to be detected input voltage _{V IN} It is specified that the supply block is the first power supply block.

In step ST23 the central processing unit 501, when the input voltage _{V IN} of the first power supply block is the minimum input voltage _{V INMIN} more (Yes) the process proceeds to step ST24, the input voltage _{V IN} is the lowest input voltage If it is less than _VINMIN (No), the process _proceeds to step ST25.

Central processing unit 501 in step ST24 writes the starting address of the first power supply process for controlling the first power supply block to the interrupt register _and replaced with j OLD _{= j NEW,} and ends the initial processing.
The next interrupt process starts from the first address of the first power supply process.

Central processing unit 501 in step ST25 writes the starting address of the initial process in the interrupt register _and replaced with j OLD _{= j NEW,} initial processing is completed.
The next interrupt process starts from the start address of the initial process.

(Power supply processing)
In the first power supply process illustrated in FIG. 10B, the codes CS ₁ to CS ₄ are replaced with the codes CS ₁₁ to CS ₄₁ and the codes S ₁ to S _{4 in} each step of FIG. the sign _{S 11} ~ code _{S 41,} the sign _{V iN} is the sign _{V IN1,} the reference numeral _{I T} is the code _{I T1,} the reference numeral _{P iN} is the code _{P IN1,} reference numeral _{P REF} is replaced puts each code _{P REF1.}
In the second power supply process illustrated in FIG. 10C, the code CS ₁ to the code CS _{4 in} each step of FIG. 5B are replaced with the code CS ₁₂ to the code CS ₄₂ , and the code S ₁ to the code S _4. the sign _{S 12} ~ code _{S 42,} the sign _{V iN} is the sign _{V IN2,} the reference numeral _{I T} is the code _{I T2,} the reference numeral _{P iN} is the code _{P IN2,} reference numeral _{P REF} is replaced puts each code _{P REF2.}
The other processes have the same contents as shown in FIG.

(Modification of the second embodiment)
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a modification of the second embodiment.

In the second embodiment, there are two power supply blocks. However, in the power supply device 2a of the modification of the second embodiment, the number of power supply blocks is an arbitrary integer n of 3 or more, and up to n. This expands the number of power supply blocks. Each of the first of the first primary winding N ₁₁ to the primary winding N _1n of the n power supply block of the n power supply block are arranged in the power transformer 40c. When power is supplied from one power supply block of any of the first power supply block to the nth power supply block to the AC power system 60, the operation of the other power supply blocks is controlled to stop. The unit 50c performs control.

Controller 50c detects the input voltage V _INn of the first input voltage V _IN1 through the n, the power from the power supply block enough energy in the electric double layer capacitor is accumulated to the AC power system 60 in order Control to supply. Although not shown in the flowchart, the flowchart is the same as the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 except that the first power supply process and the nth power supply process are provided instead of the first power supply process and the second power supply process. is there.

  According to a modification of the second embodiment, for example, n smaller solar cells are mounted at various orientations in the east, west, north and south, and at various ground heights. In this way, the utilization rate of sunlight is improved. That is, a plurality of power supply blocks connected to a distributed power source having different generated power according to the angle of the solar cell of each of the n distributed power sources facing the sunlight and the arrangement of buildings that block the sunlight on the ground Provide. The controller 50c detects the input voltage from the n power supply blocks in the order of the power supply block numbers given in advance, and sequentially supplies power to the AC power system 60 from the power supply block capable of supplying power with high efficiency. Control to supply power. In this way, the total amount of power supplied to the AC power system 60 can be increased.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment.

  In the third embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and modifications thereof, the power supply device 3 supplies power to the AC power system 60 that is a power reception target. In the third embodiment, the size of the apparatus is reduced by using a high-frequency transformer that operates at a switching frequency as the power transformer 40d.

About each component of 3rd Embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same part as embodiment mentioned above, and description is abbreviate | omitted. The power supply device 3 of the third embodiment includes a first high-frequency rectification unit and a second high-frequency rectification unit on the secondary winding side that are not included in the power supply device 1 of the first embodiment. The power transformer 40c is not the power transformer 40a having the frequency of the AC power system of the first embodiment, but a high-frequency power transformer 40c corresponding to the switching frequency of the switch unit 30a. Further, although the photocoupler 56 is used in place of the voltage sense transformer 55, the voltage sense transformer 55 may be used. Switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ is outputted from the control unit 50a is different from that shown in FIG. 3 (see Figure 13).

The power transformer 40d of the third embodiment, flows as transformer current I _T positive direction of the switching frequency to the primary winding N _1, the negative direction high-frequency current alternately. As a result, the power transformer 40d can be configured as a high-frequency transformer, and the transformer can be reduced in size.

The secondary winding comprises a secondary winding N ₂₁ and the secondary winding N _22, the connection point of the secondary winding N ₂₁ and the secondary winding N ₂₂ forms a center tap. The first high-frequency rectifying unit includes a diode D ₁ , a diode D ₂ , a diode D ₃ and a switch S ₅ , and the second high-frequency rectifying unit includes a diode D ₄ , a diode D ₅ , a diode D ₆ and a switch S _6. And a high-frequency filter unit that functions as a low-pass filter that removes the switching frequency component composed of the inductor 38 and the capacitor 39 as a shared part of the first high-frequency rectifier unit and the second high-frequency rectifier unit. The first high-frequency rectification unit, the second high-frequency rectification unit, and the high-frequency filter unit are all members that can handle the switching frequency.

  FIG. 13 is a timing chart illustrating mainly the operation of the switch unit 30a of the third embodiment.

In order from the upper part of FIG. 13, FIG. 13 (a) time and time switches _{S 5} is conducting, FIG. 13 (b) Time and time switch _{S 6} is conducting, FIG. 13 (c) Switch S ₁ and the time and time when the switch S ₂ is conducting, FIG. 13D is the time and time when the switch S ₃ and the switch S ₄ are conducting, FIG. 13E is the transformer current I _T , and FIG. (F) is the input current I _IN , FIG. 13 (g) is the voltage across the capacitor 39, and FIG. 13 (h) is the hardware (not shown) of the input voltage / current interface 506 (for example, a rectifier circuit, resistor and capacitor filter). detected by, showing positive transformer current I _T, smoothed value of the negative side absolute value, i.e., smoothed value of the input current I _iN, each.

The horizontal axes of FIGS. 13A to 13H represent the same time t. The time during which each rectangular portion in FIGS. 13 (a) to 13 (d) is conductive, and the others indicate cutting. Transformer current I _T in FIG. 13 (e), the rectangular portion above the horizontal axis positive direction of current, the rectangular portion of the bottom is a negative direction of the current. Input current _{I IN} in FIG. 13 (f) _is a positive direction of the current of the absolute value of the transformer current _{I T.} Each of the rectangular portions in FIG. 13C to FIG. 13F is a PWM (Peed Blue) waveform whose pulse width changes at the switching frequency. For example, when the switching frequency is 50 kHz, the period of each signal in FIG. 13C and FIG. 13D is 20 μsec (switching period T _S ).

Therefore, when the period T _S is 20 μsec and the period T _AC is 20 msec, the period T _AC / the period T _S = 1000. In the embodiment, 500 periods T _S correspond to the period T _AC / 2, but in FIG. 13, for the sake of easy understanding, 500 is replaced with 5 (including the conduction time τ is 0). To explain the operation.

It is conducting at the same time as the switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2,} simultaneously cut. It is conducting at the same time as the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4,} simultaneously cut. When a switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2} is conducting is cut to the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4,} when the switch _{S 3} and the switch _{S 4} is turned to disconnect the switch _{S 1} and switch _{S 2.} Then, when the switch S ₁ and switch S ₂ becomes conductive at the same time, the switch S _1, 1 primary winding N _1, the current path flowing in the direction of the order of the switch S ₂ (first current path) is formed The On the other hand, when the switch S ₃ and the switch S ₄ is turned at the same time, the switch S _3, 1 primary winding N _1, the current path flowing in the direction of the order of switch S ₄ (second current path) is formed The

Sadamari the magnitude of the current flowing through the first current path in response to the conduction time tau switch S ₁ and switch S _2, a current flowing through the second current path in accordance with the switch S ₃ and the conduction time of the switch S ₄ tau The size of is determined.

As shown in FIG. 13 (e), the control unit 50a switches alternately between a positive direction current flowing through the first current path, a negative direction current flowing through the second current path, and a switching cycle T _S / 2. 40c is larger the switching period _{T S} is shortened, can be miniaturized. To determine control unit 50a is how to perform a control to flow a desired input current I _IN, the basic processing is the same as that of the first embodiment. Different are that obtaining a positive, smooth value of the negative side the absolute value of the transformer current I _T which shown in FIG. 13 (h) by hardware (not shown) of the input voltage and current interfaces 506, transformer current the smoothed value I _T The central processing unit 501 detects and calculates (Equation 1) and (Equation 3).

The control unit 50a detects the polarity of the AC power system voltage signal _{SV AC,} when is positive AC power system voltage signal _{SV AC} outputs a switch control signal CS ₅ shown in FIG. 13 (a) controlled so as to conduct the switch S _5, when the AC power system voltage signal SV _AC is negative, control such outputs a switch control signal CS ₆ shown in FIG. 13 (b) conducting the switch S ₆ To do. In this way, the polarity of the voltage of the AC power system 60 and the polarity of the voltage output from the power supply device 3 can be made the same.

The controller 50a controls the conduction time of the switch when the input voltage _VIN on the input side is equal to or higher than the predetermined minimum input voltage _VINMIN , and outputs the output power obtained from the secondary winding to the AC power system 60 that is the power receiving target. Then, the power supply process to be supplied is started. Then, as in the first embodiment, a predetermined fixed value of the constant K _I, or, while reducing the value of the constant K _I, to maintain the power P ₁ or more transmission power. Then, by cutting the switch to stop the power supply process when the transmission power for transmitting the switch portion 30a is less than the power P ₁ is a predetermined power.

If you continue to transmit this way the power P ₁ or more power can be kept high efficiency of the power supply device 3. There, however, the energy stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a is insufficient, increasing the current I _IN subtracting the value of the constant K _I does not increase the power P _IN, it may not be able to supply power P ₁ or more . Therefore, instead of the power supply to the limit of power P _1, a margin to the operation may be as follows.

Control unit 50a, after starting the power supply process, while monitoring the input voltage V _IN, and adjust the input current I _IN to control the value of the input power P _IN. Specifically, as in the first embodiment, the power P ₁ to the power P ₂ so that the input voltage V _IN is maintained at the rated central input voltage V _INREF the center of the rated input voltage of the power supply device 3 Increase or decrease the input power _PIN within the range. Such control is the same as that described with reference to FIG.

In this way, the control unit 50a, while the input voltage _{V IN} to maintain the rated central input voltage _{V INREF,} supplies the input power _{P IN} in the range of power _{P 1} to the power _{P 2.} Then, the control unit 50a, when the input power P _IN is below the power P ₁ is not to form a first current path and second current paths, supplying a current from the solar cell to the switch unit 30a Without storing, only the electric double layer capacitor 20a is stored. Incidentally, than the maximum power that can be taken out from the solar cell, when the power P ₂ is the power transmitted when determining the rated power of the inverter to a switch unit 30a and the power transformer 40a and the main components such that the power P ₂ increases There is no limit.

  In the third embodiment, when the power obtained from the distributed power source 10 is small, the energy is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a without transmitting power, and the distributed power source is used only in a region where the efficiency η is high. The power obtained from 10 is transmitted to the AC power system 60. Thus, the overall efficiency is improved compared to the prior art.

  Furthermore, in the third embodiment, since the high-frequency transformer that operates at the switching frequency is used as the power transformer 40d, the apparatus can be miniaturized.

(Modification of the third embodiment)
A new embodiment that combines a part of the components of the third embodiment with a part of the components of the second embodiment described above or a modification of the second embodiment can also be implemented.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a modification of the third embodiment.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which the third embodiment is combined with the second embodiment shown in FIG. In the power supply device 3a shown in FIG. 14, as in the second embodiment, the first power supply block (the electric double layer capacitor 20a ₁ , the switch unit 30a ₁ , the primary winding N ₁₁ of the power transformer 40d is provided. main components to) and the second power supply block (electric double layer capacitor 20a _2, the switch unit 30a _2, the main components of the primary winding N ₁₂ of the power transformer 40d) not to operate simultaneously and . That is, when the switch unit 30a1 of the _first power supply block operates to supply power, the switch unit 30a2 of the _second power supply block stops and does not operate to supply power. Further, when the switch unit 30a2 of the _second power supply block operates to supply power, the switch unit 30a1 of the _first power supply block stops and does not operate to supply power.

  The control process of the power supply device 3a shown in FIG. 14 is the same as the process shown in FIG.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram showing another modification of the third embodiment.

  FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which the third embodiment is combined with a modification of the second embodiment shown in FIG. In the modification of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the power supply device 3 b has n power supply blocks, and each of the n power supply blocks has the same configuration as that of the third embodiment. . The control unit 50c performs control such that only one power supply block among the n power supply blocks supplies power. The control process of the power supply device 3b is the same as the process shown in FIG.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the fourth embodiment.

The first to third embodiments described above are embodiments in which power is supplied from a distributed power source to an AC power system that is a power reception target. However, the fourth embodiment is a direct current that is a power reception target. In this embodiment, power is supplied to the power system 62.

The power supply device 4 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 outputs DC power. Therefore, the power supply device 4 differs from the power supply device 3 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 12 in the configuration on the secondary side of the power transformer 40d in the following points. In the third embodiment, an AC voltage is output to the secondary side of the power transformer 40d, whereas in the fourth embodiment, a DC voltage is output to the secondary side of the power transformer 40d. In the third embodiment, power transmission is performed using a high-frequency power transformer, whereas in the fourth embodiment, power transmission is performed using a commercial frequency. For this, it comprises a diode D ₁ to the diode D ₆ is a third high-frequency diode on the secondary side of the power transformer 40d in the embodiment of using a bridge rectifier commercial frequency in the fourth embodiment, the switch S ₅ , switch _{S 6} is not necessary.

  The power supply device 4 supplies power obtained by the distributed power supply 10 to the DC power system 62. There is no difference between the power supply device 4 and the power supply device 3 other than whether the power supplied to the power system is DC power or AC power. Therefore, it is possible to adopt the same control method as in the third embodiment. However, in the case of DC power, there is no concept of power factor, and the power factor can always be considered to be 1. In the fourth embodiment, the DC voltage output from the power supply device 4 is the voltage of the DC power system 62. If higher than that, power can be supplied from the power supply device 4 to the DC power system 62 with a power factor of 1. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, if the waveform of the alternating current output from the power supply device 3 is not similar to the voltage waveform of the AC power system, the power factor is 1, and power is supplied from the power supply device 3 to the AC power system. I can't.

Thus, in the fourth embodiment, there is no need of course the process of power factor correction to match the phase of the power supply device 4 and the current waveform of the input current I _IN supplied to the voltage waveform of the DC power system 62. The power transmission method for supplying power without the input power _PIN falling below the power P ₁ is not different between the fourth embodiment and the third embodiment.

(Equation 1) represents the AC power, that can increase or decrease the input current I _IN with increased reduction of the constant K _I regardless of DC power. Therefore, the same control method as in the first embodiment and the third embodiment can be adopted. Specifically, the control unit 50a receives the output power obtained from the secondary winding by controlling the conduction time of the switch when the input voltage _VIN on the input side is equal to or higher than a predetermined minimum input voltage _VINMIN. Power supply processing to be supplied to the DC power system 62 is started. The first embodiment, as in the third embodiment, a predetermined fixed value of the constant K _I, or, while reducing the value of the constant K _I, to maintain the power P ₁ or more transmission power. Then, by cutting the switch to stop the power supply process when the transmission power for transmitting the switch portion 30a is less than the power P ₁ is a predetermined power.

  In the fourth embodiment, since the power reception target is the DC power system 62, the same control effect can be obtained by a simpler process. The contents of simpler processing will be described below.

  The outline of the control performed by the control unit 50a is summarized below.

The effective value of the input power _PIN is expressed by (Equation 9), and the calculation is different from the case of the AC power expressed by (Equation 3). That is, since it is DC power, instantaneous power is equal to effective power.

P _IN = V _IN × I _IN (Equation 9)

Further, the conduction time τ for conduction of switches S ₁ to switch S ₄ represented by (Equation 10), the operation is different from that of the AC power expressed by (Equation 1).

_{τ = K G × (P REF} -P IN)
= K _G × {P _REF − (V _IN × I _IN )} (10)

Control unit 50a obtains the input current _{I IN} and the input voltage _{V IN,} and calculates input power _{P IN} based on the equation (9), to the conduction of switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4} based on the equation (10) conducting changing the time tau, the feedback control is performed so that the value of the input power P _iN is defined power P _REF. By this calculation, the transmission power of the specified power P _REF can be accurately maintained. If the prescribed power P _{REF is set} to the power P ₁ or more, the power supply device 4 operates with high efficiency.

In the DC current system as well as in the AC power system, it is possible to control the input voltage _VIN to the rated center input voltage V _INREF as follows.

When the input voltage _VIN becomes _{equal to} or higher than the rated center input voltage V _INREF , the control unit 50a increases the input power _PIN . On the other hand, when the input voltage _VIN becomes less than the rated center input voltage V _INREF , the input power _PIN is decreased. In this way, the input voltage _{V IN} is while so that the rated central input voltage _{V INREF,} controls the input power _{P IN} in the range of power _{P 1} to the power _{P 2.} When the input power _PIN falls below the power P ₁ , the power supply device 4 stops supplying power to the DC power system 62.

Control unit 50a includes a control to be the input power _{P IN} to the provisions power _{P REF,} the input voltage _{V IN} to perform more sophisticated control in combination of the control to be rated central input voltage _{V INREF} be able to. Since the control process is complicated, a description will be given using a flowchart.

(Flow chart of control processing)
FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating processing performed by the central processing unit of the control unit of the power supply device according to the fourth embodiment.

  With reference to FIG. 17, the calculation and control performed by the central processing unit 501 of the control unit 50a will be described. The central processing unit 501 executes a series of processes from the start to the return of the initial process in FIG. 17A and a series of processes from the start to the return of the power supply process in FIG. .

The central processing unit 501 executes the series of processing from the start to return of the initial processing in FIG. 17A immediately after the reset of the central processing unit 501 or when the initial address of the initial processing is written in the interrupt register. To do. The central processing unit 501 executes a series of processes from the start to the return of the power supply process in FIG. 17B when the start address of the power process is written in the interrupt register. That is, there are three types: an interrupt process that executes only the initial process, an interrupt process that executes only the power supply process, and an interrupt process that executes the power supply process following the initial process. Interrupt is a timer interrupt, the period of interrupt will be described below as a period T _S.

(Initial processing)
The initial process shown in FIG. 17A is different from the initial process shown in FIG. 5A in the following points. Step ST21 is different from step ST11 in that there is no reading from ROM of the constant K _I and the slight difference ΔK _I. Steps ST22 to ST24 are the same as steps ST12 to ST14.

(Power supply processing)
In the power supply process, the central processing unit 501 determines whether or not to supply power from the power supply device 1 to the AC power system 60. Central processing unit 501, when the control of the power supply, input power for to keep the input voltage V _IN to the rated central input voltage V _INREF a voltage of the center of the rated voltage of the power supply device 1 PIN _Is automatically set between the power P ₁ and the power P ₂ which is the maximum capacity of the distributed power source 10. In order to achieve this purpose, the central processing unit 501 updates the specified power P _REF , which is an initial value set in the initial process, for each interrupt process, and stores the updated specified power P _REF in a register. The central processing unit 501 uses the updated specified power P _REF stored in the register in various operations of power control for each interrupt.

Central processing unit 501 at step ST201, via the input voltage and current interface 506 receives input voltage _{V IN,} the transformer current _{I T,} to obtain an input current _{I IN} from the transformer current _{I T.}

In step ST202, the central processing unit 501 calculates the input power _PIN based on (Equation 9).

  In step ST203, the central processing unit 501 calculates the switch conduction time τ based on (Equation 10).

Central processing unit 501 at step ST204, via the switch unit interface 504, and outputs a switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ to reflect the conduction time τ of the switch conduction.
Each of switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4} of the switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch part 30a by each of the switch control signal CS ₄ is controlled.

In step ST205 the central processing unit 501, the input power _{P IN} is determined whether the provisions is the power _{P REF} above, the input power _{P IN} is the step of processing when it is specified power _{P REF} more (Yes) ST 206 the transfer, if the input power _{P iN} is less than the specified power _{P REF} (No) the process proceeds to step ST207.

Central processing unit 501 at step ST206, the provisions power _{P REF} in by adding the visa ΔP is larger prescribed value power _{P REF,} and writes the updated value of the specified power _{P REF} in the register.
When defining the power _{P REF} value is greater for at the next interrupt, the input power _{P IN} approaches the larger the prescribed power _{P REF,} as a result, the input voltage _{V IN} input voltage _{V IN} decreases The rated center input voltage V _INREF can be maintained.

Central processing unit 501 at step ST207, the provisions power from _{P REF} by subtracting a differential refinement ΔP to smaller values of specified power _{P REF,} and writes the updated value of the specified power _{P REF} in the register.
When defining the power _{P REF} a smaller value of, at the next interrupt, the input power _{P IN} approaches the smaller the prescribed power _{P REF,} as a result, the input voltage _{V IN} Input voltage _{V IN} is raised The rated center input voltage V _INREF can be maintained.

Step central processing unit 501 in ST208, it is determined whether or not the input power _{P IN} is the power _{P 1} or more, power supply processing is ended when the input power _{P IN} is the power _{P 1} or more (Yes) If the input power _PIN is less than the power P ₁ (No), the process proceeds to step ST209. In the case of Yes, in the next interruption, the power supply process is performed again.

  In step ST209, the central processing unit 501 writes the start address of the initial process to the interrupt register, and the power supply process is completed. In the next interruption, initial processing is performed.

In this way, the control unit 50a maintains the input voltage V _IN at the rated center input voltage V _INREF that is the center voltage of the rated voltage, and the input power P _{IN in} the range of the power P _{1 to the} power P ₂ with high efficiency η. Is supplied to the DC power system 62. Control unit 50a, when the input power P _IN is below the power P ₁ stops the operation of the power supply apparatus 1 so as not to form a first current path and second current path, the distributed power supply 10 Is stored only in the electric double layer capacitor 20a. Incidentally, than the maximum power that can be taken out from the solar cell, when the power P ₂ is the power transmitted when determining the rated power of the inverter to a switch unit 30a and the power transformer 40a and the main components such that the power P ₂ increases There is no limit.

  In the fourth embodiment, when the power obtained from the distributed power source 10 is small, the energy is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a without performing power transmission, and the distributed power source is used only in a region where the efficiency η is high. The power obtained from 10 is transmitted to the DC power system 62. Thus, the overall efficiency is improved compared to the prior art.

(Modification of the fourth embodiment)
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a modification of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing another modification of the fourth embodiment.

  FIG. 18 is a modification in the case of a configuration having n power blocks. FIG. 19 shows a case where the power transformer 40d is composed of a high frequency transformer and the secondary side is composed of a high frequency diode corresponding to the switching frequency and an inductor 38.

  The fourth embodiment differs from the first to third embodiments in that the AC power is supplied to the AC current system in that DC power is supplied to the DC current system. Therefore, the primary side may not have a configuration for improving the power factor, and a configuration for outputting direct current from the secondary side is necessary, but the basics of the power transmission method for the power system are common. Therefore, although not shown, a new embodiment in which a part of the constituent parts of the fourth embodiment is combined with a part of the constituent parts of each of the first to third embodiments described above is also available. It can be implemented.

[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the fifth embodiment.

  The power supply device 5 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 20 supplies power obtained by the distributed power supply 10 to the DC load 70 and the battery 80. The fifth embodiment and the fourth embodiment can have the same configuration on the secondary side of the power transformer 40a that outputs DC power.

The power supply device 5 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 20 includes a switch unit 30a, a control unit 50a, a power transformer 40a, a bridge rectifier 91 that is a secondary side rectifier circuit, a current sensor 36, and an inductor 35. The point from which the electrical storage 80 is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the electric power supply apparatus 5 differs from 4th Embodiment. The action of the battery 80 is to supply power to the DC load 70 and to keep the DC load voltage _VL at a constant value when the supply of power from the output terminal of the power supply device 5 is stopped.

  In the fifth embodiment, the process shown in FIG. 17 can be used as the process performed by the control unit, as in the fourth embodiment.

Since the secondary winding side current I ₂ from the output side of the power supply device 5 is shunted to the DC load 70 and the capacitor 80, a large current flows through the capacitor 80 when the current flowing through the DC load 70 is smaller. Further, when the charged state of the capacitor 80 is insufficient, a large charging current flows to the capacitor 80, and when the charged state of the capacitor 80 is sufficient, a smaller charging current flows to charge the capacitor 80. When the state is complete, no charging current flows. In this way, it controls the input power _{P IN} in the range of power _{P 1} to the power _{P 2.} Then, the input power P _IN falls below power P _1, the power supply 5 stops the power supply to the DC load 70 and the capacitor 80 from the output terminal. The DC load voltage _VL at both ends of the DC load 70 slightly varies depending on the state in which the battery 80 is charged and the input power _PIN , but does not affect the operation of the DC load 70.

(Modification of the fifth embodiment)
In the fifth embodiment, the DC power system 62 of the fourth embodiment is replaced with a DC load 70 and a capacitor 80. Therefore, if such a replacement is made, all of the modifications of the fourth embodiment are performed. It can be a modification of the fifth embodiment. FIG. 21 shows an example of such replacement. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a modification of the fifth embodiment.

  FIG. 21 is an embodiment in which a part of the configuration of the fifth embodiment is combined with a part of the modified configuration of the second embodiment. The modifications of the fifth embodiment are not limited to these, and although not shown, a part of the components of the fifth embodiment and the configurations of the first to fourth embodiments described above. A new embodiment combining a part of the unit can also be implemented.

[Sixth Embodiment]
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating the sixth embodiment.

In the sixth embodiment, the power supply device 6 supplies power to the DC load 70 that is a power reception target. The control method in the power supply is common to the first to fifth embodiments and their modifications. Specifically, the control unit 50a receives the output power obtained from the secondary winding by controlling the conduction time of the switch when the input voltage _VIN on the input side is equal to or higher than a predetermined minimum input voltage _VINMIN. Power supply processing to be supplied to the DC load 70 is started. Then, as in the first embodiment to the fifth embodiment, a predetermined fixed value of the constant K _I, or, while reducing the value of the constant K _I, to maintain the power P ₁ or more transmission power. Then, by cutting the switch to stop the power supply process when the transmission power for transmitting the switch portion 30a is less than the power P ₁ is a predetermined power. Here, the conduction time of the switch is controlled so that the voltage of the DC load 70 becomes a predetermined voltage.

The components of the power supply device 6 according to the sixth embodiment will be described. A configuration similar to that of the fourth embodiment is possible on the secondary side of the power transformer 40a that outputs DC power. However, in the fourth embodiment, the control unit does not control the DC power system voltage _VDC output from the power supply device 4, but in the sixth embodiment, the control unit controls the DC load voltage _VL. Is different. In order to control the DC load voltage V _L, the detection unit for detecting a DC load voltage signal SV _L from the DC load voltage V _L of the secondary side primary side, for example, photocoupler 56 is essential.

  The outline of the control performed by the control unit 50a of the power supply device 6 of the sixth embodiment is summarized below.

The conduction time τ in which the switches S _{1 to} S ₄ are conducted is expressed by (Equation 11). As with conventional stabilized power supply, and controls the conduction time τ a DC load voltage signal SV _L to equal the reference voltage V _REF. Here, the voltage ratio between the DC load voltage V _L and the DC load voltage signal SV _L at the output terminal of the power supply device 6 connected to the DC load 70 is a predetermined ratio K _L.

_{τ = K G × (V REF} -SV L) ······ ( number 11)

Control unit 50a via the input voltage and current interface 506 from the input voltage _{V IN} and the transformer current _{I T} to obtain an input current _{I IN,} obtain a DC load voltage signal SV _L via the secondary interface 505. Calculating the input power _{P IN} based on the equation (9), (11) the basis of obtaining the conduction time τ for conduction of switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4,} the DC load voltage signal SV _L value reference voltage _{V REF} Perform feedback control so that The reference voltage V _REF is set to have a predetermined ratio with the DC load voltage V _L at both ends of the DC load 70. Therefore, the voltage of the output terminal of the power supply device 6 is controlled to be a constant voltage V _L by the action of the feedback control.

(Flow chart of control processing)
FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating processing performed by the central processing unit of the control unit of the power supply apparatus according to the sixth embodiment.

  With reference to FIG. 23, calculation and control performed by the central processing unit 501 of the control unit 50a will be described. The central processing unit 501 executes a series of processes from the start to the return of the initial process in FIG. 23A and a series of processes from the start to the return of the power supply process in FIG. .

The central processing unit 501 executes a series of processing from the start to return of the initial processing in FIG. 23A immediately after the reset of the central processing unit 501 or when the initial address of the initial processing is written in the interrupt register. To do. The central processing unit 501 executes the series of processes from the start to the return of the power supply process in FIG. 23B when the start address of the power process is written in the interrupt register. That is, there are three types: an interrupt process that executes only the initial process, an interrupt process that executes only the power supply process, and an interrupt process that executes the power supply process following the initial process. Interrupt is a timer interrupt, the period of interrupt will be described below as a period T _S.

(Initial processing)
Initial processing shown in FIG. 23 (a) stores in step ST31, the minimum input voltage _{V INMIN} and a constant _{K G} and the reference voltage _{V REF} and the power _{P 1} and the ROM 503 to the read register. Also, it sets all of the switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ to conduction time tau = 0.
Steps ST32 to ST34 are the same as steps ST22 to ST24.

(Power supply processing)
Central processing unit 501 in step ST301 obtains the input voltage _{V IN} via the input voltage and current interface 506 to acquire the input current _{I IN} from the transformer current _{I T.} Further, to obtain a DC load voltage signal SV _L DC load voltage _{V L} and the predetermined ratio _{K L} via the secondary interface 505.

In step ST302, the central processing unit 501 calculates the input power _PIN based on (Equation 9).

  In step ST303, the central processing unit 501 calculates a conduction time τ that is a switch conduction time based on (Equation 11).

Central processing unit 501 at step ST304, via the switch unit interface 504, and outputs a switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch control signal CS ₄ to reflect the switch conduction time tau.
Each of switches _{S 1} to switch _{S 4} of the switch control signal CS ₁ to the switch part 30a by each of the switch control signal CS ₄ is controlled, the DC load voltage signal SV _L approaches the reference voltage _{V REF.}

Step central processing unit 501 in ST305, it is determined whether or not the input power _{P IN} is the power _{P 1} or more, power supply processing is ended when the input power _{P IN} is the power _{P 1} or more (Yes) If the input power _PIN is less than the power P ₁ (No), the process proceeds to step ST306. In the case of Yes, the next interruption process is a power supply process.

  In step ST306, the central processing unit 501 writes the start address of the initial process to the interrupt register, and the power supply process ends. The next interrupt process is an initial process.

In this way, the control unit 50a, while maintaining the DC load voltage signal SV _L to the reference voltage V _REF, that is, while maintaining the DC load voltage V _L to the desired constant-voltage, efficiency η higher power P ₁ to the power Input power _PIN in the range of P ₂ is supplied to the DC load 70. Control unit 50a, when the input power P _IN is below the power P ₁ stops the operation of the power supply device 5 so as not to form a first current path and second current path, the distributed power supply 10 Is stored only in the electric double layer capacitor 20a. At this time, power is supplied from the capacitor 39 to the DC load 70.

  In the prior art, even if the power obtained from the distributed power source 10 is small, the inverter having the switch unit 30a and the power transformer 40a as main components always operates to transmit power to at least the DC load 70. As a result, the efficiency η was poor. In the sixth embodiment, when the power obtained from the distributed power source 10 is small, the energy is stored in the electric double layer capacitor 20a without performing power transmission, and the distributed power source is used only in a region where the efficiency η is high. The power obtained from 10 is transmitted to the DC load 70. Thus, the overall efficiency is improved compared to the prior art.

(Modification of the sixth embodiment)
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a modification of the sixth embodiment.

  Since the DC load 70 of the power supply device 6 of the sixth embodiment is a general electronic device, the supply of power cannot be stopped even when the generated power of the distributed power source 10 decreases. A modified power supply apparatus 6a of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 24 includes a plurality of distributed power sources and an electric double layer capacitor, and is connected to an electric double layer capacitor in which energy that can be supplied with power is sufficiently stored. The power is supplied to the DC load 70 sequentially from the power supply block. By adopting such a configuration, even when the energy of an electric double layer capacitor is reduced, the energy of another electric double layer capacitor can be supplied to the DC load 70 and the supply of electric power to the DC load 70 can be continued.

  FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating processing performed by the central processing unit of the control unit of the power supply apparatus according to the modification of the sixth embodiment.

  The process performed by the central processing unit of the control unit selectively performs a plurality of power supply processes in the same manner as the process shown in FIG. 10, but the contents of each power supply process are the same as those shown in FIG. The initial value read to the register in the initial process is the same as the process shown in FIG.

(Other variations)
26 and 27 are modifications of the primary side circuit.

  FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 are modifications that can be implemented for the primary side circuits of all the embodiments described above. FIG. 26 employs a well-known half-bridge circuit for the primary side, and can be a part of the configuration in all the embodiments described above. FIG. 27 employs a resonance type circuit, and instead of changing the conduction time τ, the conduction period τ is constant and the switching cycle is changed. The current flowing through the transformer is changed to a sine wave by current resonance and zero voltage switching is performed. It can also be part of the configuration in all the embodiments described above.

  As the secondary rectifier circuit, various well-known rectifier circuits such as a double-wave rectifier circuit, a full-wave rectifier circuit, and a synchronous rectifier circuit can be used.

Further, the input power P _IN of the power supply device power P ₁ or more, instead of the power supply device operates in the case of less than the power P _2, the output power P _OUT of the power supply device power P ₁ × 1 / eta more The power supply device may operate when the power is less than P ₂ × 1 / η. Both differ only in whether the power transmitted by the power supply device is defined on the input side or on the output side. In short, the power supply apparatus operates so that the power that can be transmitted while maintaining high efficiency is equal to or higher than the first predetermined power, or higher than the first predetermined power and lower than the second predetermined power. Just do it.

  In the above-described embodiment, the electric double layer capacitor connected in parallel to the distributed power source is disposed outside the power supply device and connected to the input side of the power supply device. A power supply device disposed inside the device can also be implemented.

  The electric double layer capacitor is a kind of large capacity capacitor, and if it is a large capacity capacitor, it can be used in the embodiment instead of the electric double layer capacitor. For example, a capacitor in which electrolytic capacitors are connected in parallel can be used instead of an electric double layer capacitor. Further, a lithium ion capacitor can be used instead of the electric double layer capacitor. A lithium ion capacitor is a kind of large capacity capacitor having a structure in which a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery and a positive electrode of an electric double layer are combined.

In short, as described with reference to the first embodiment, the capacitor connected to the input side of the power supply apparatus of the present embodiment is “the power from the distributed power supply (distributed power supply 10) is not supplied. Even in the case, the voltage at both ends (both ends of the capacitor) decreases to the predetermined voltage (rated center input voltage V _INREF ) even if the predetermined power (power P ₁ ) is continuously supplied for at least the predetermined time (time T _D ). The “predetermined time (time T _D )” means that the power supply device repeats operation and stop in a short time as described above. This is the time determined from the viewpoint of preventing the problem and improving the efficiency.

In the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5, 10, and 17, “rated center input voltage V _INREF ” is set to “any voltage between rated lower limit input voltage V _INREFMIN and rated upper limit input voltage V _INREFMAX ”. It can also be changed.

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a secondary-side current sensor according to the embodiment.
FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating efficiency calculation processing according to the embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 28, for example, the power supply apparatus 3a, a current sensor 37 on the secondary side is provided, the secondary winding side current signal SI ₂ corresponding to the secondary winding side current I ₂ central processing unit 501 Will detect. In FIGS. 16, 18, 19, 20, and 21, which show embodiments that do not use the secondary side voltage sensor, a secondary side voltage sensor, for example, a photocoupler 56 is further provided, and the DC power system voltage V is provided. _{A DC} power system voltage signal SV _{DC corresponding} to _DC is detected. Then, the central processing unit 501 calculates Re (V _AC × I ₂ ) based on (Equation 4) when the power reception target is the AC power system 60, and when the power reception target is the DC power system 62. Similarly, Re (V _DC × I ₂ ) is calculated, and when the power reception target is the DC load 70, each of Re (V _L × I ₂ ) is calculated in the same manner to output power P that is effective power. _OUT can be calculated.

The flowchart of FIG. 29 is a process performed in timer interruption. Calculates the output power P _OUT is the actual effective electric power is output to the power receiving target actual input power P _IN is the effective power from the secondary side, and calculating the input power P _{IN /} output power P _OUT Then, the efficiency η is calculated, and when the efficiency η falls below a predetermined value, the power supply from the power supply device to the power reception target may be stopped. The flowchart shown in FIG. 29 can be used in combination with all the above-described power supply processes, for example, by using an independent efficiency calculation process routine.

In short, the efficiency calculation process functions as follows. The power supply process for supplying power to the power receiving target is started, and the input power P _IN / output power P _OUT is calculated for each interrupt to obtain the efficiency η. When the efficiency η is less than the predetermined efficiency η _I , the switch is turned on. Disconnect and stop the power supply process. In this way, the power supply device 1 can be operated with high efficiency.

The efficiency calculation process is performed in the same interrupt cycle following the power supply process of each embodiment described above. Or, the efficiency calculation process, changes the power supply processed not performed the process of determining the input power P _IN of the power supply process is whether or not the power P ₁ or more, subsequent to such a power supply processing same The efficiency calculation process is performed in the interrupt cycle.

  As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 29, in the efficiency calculation process, for example, the following processes are sequentially performed.

In step ST501, the central processing unit 501 calculates the output power P _OUT according to the power reception target.
In step ST502, the central processing unit 501 calculates efficiency η by calculating efficiency η = input power P _IN / output power P _OUT based on (Equation 5). The input power _PIN has already been calculated in the power supply process.
In step ST503, the central processing unit 501 determines whether or not the efficiency η is a predetermined efficiency η _I , for example, 95% or higher. If the efficiency η is equal to or higher than the efficiency η _I (Yes), the efficiency calculation is performed. processing ends, if the efficiency eta is less than efficient η _I (No) the process proceeds to step ST 504. In the case of Yes, the next interruption process is a power supply process.

  In step ST504, the central processing unit 501 writes the initial address of the initial process to the interrupt register, and the power supply process ends. The next interrupt process is an initial process.

  A part of the configuration of all the embodiments described above can be combined to form a new embodiment.

1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4, 4a, 5, 5a, 6, 6a Power supply device, 10, 101, 102, 10n Distributed type power supply, 20a, 20a ₁ , 20a ₂ Electricity double layer capacitor, 21 blocking _{diode, 30a, 30a 1, 30a 2} , 30aa switch unit, 35,38,351,352 inductor, 36,361,362,37 current sensor, 39 a capacitor, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d Power transformer, 50, 50a, 50b, 50c Control unit, 55 Voltage sense transformer, 56 Photocoupler, 60 AC power system, 61 AC generator, 62 DC power system, 70 DC load, 80 battery, 91 Bridge rectifier, 501 Central calculation Device, 503 ROM, 504 Switch part interface, 505 Secondary side Interface, 506 input voltage / current interface, CS ₁ , S ₁₁ , CS ₁₂ , CS ₂ , CS ₂₁ , CS ₂₂ , CS ₃ , S ₃₁ , CS ₃₂ , CS ₄ , CS ₄ , CS ₄₁ , CS ₄₂ , CS ₅ , CS ₆ switch control signal, D ₁ , D ₂ , D ₃ , D ₄ , D ₅ , D ₆ diode, I ₂ secondary winding side current, I _IN , I _IN , I _IN2 input current, I _T , I _T1 , I _T2 transformer current, N ₁ , N ₁₁ , N ₁₂ , N _1n primary winding, N ₂ , N ₂₁ , N ₂₂ secondary winding, S ₁ , S ₁₁ , S ₁₂ , S ₂ , S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₃ , S ₃₁ , S ₃₂ , S ₄ , S ₄₁ , S ₄₂ , S ₅ , S ₆ , Sa ₁ , Sa ₄ switch, SI ₂ secondary winding side current signal, SV _AC AC power system voltage signal, S _L DC load voltage _{signal, V IN, V IN1, V} IN2, V INn input voltage, _{V L} DC load voltage

Claims (8)

Even when there is no distributed power source in which the generated power changes according to the natural environment, and no power is supplied from the distributed power source, the voltage at both ends will not exceed the predetermined voltage even if the predetermined power is continuously supplied for at least a predetermined time. A power supply device for connecting an input side to a parallel connection circuit with a capacitor having a capacitance that does not decrease, inputting input power, connecting an output side to a power receiving target, and outputting output power,
The power supply device
A switch unit connected to the input side;
A power transformer having a primary winding for inputting power interrupted by the switch unit and a secondary winding connected to the output side;
A control unit for controlling conduction / disconnection of the switch of the switch unit,
The controller is
When the input voltage on the input side is equal to or higher than a predetermined minimum input voltage, a power supply process for controlling the conduction time of the switch and supplying output power obtained from the secondary winding to the power reception target is started.
When the transmission power transmitted by the switch unit is less than the predetermined power, the switch is disconnected and the power supply process is stopped.
Power supply device. The power supply device
A plurality of said switch portion connected to each of a plurality of pre-Kiko capacitor,
Has a plurality of primary windings to enter each of the gated power by each of said plurality of said switch portion,
The controller is
A selection process for selecting only one of the plurality of switch units, wherein the input voltage is equal to or higher than the predetermined minimum input voltage;
After starting the power supply process and stopping the power supply process,
The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a series of processing returning to the selection processing is repeated again. The controller is
Set to be an arbitrary voltage within the range of the plant constant-force to control the magnitude of the rated voltage the input voltage, the power supply device according to claim 1 or claim 2. The power receiving target is an AC power system,
The controller is
Furthermore, the control of the similar shape of the voltage of the AC power system the current supplied to the AC power system, the power supply device according to claim 3. The power receiving target is
The power supply apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the power supply apparatus is a DC power system. The power receiving target is
The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the power supply device is a DC load and a battery connected in parallel. The power receiving object is a DC load,
The controller is
The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an output voltage supplied to the DC load is controlled to a predetermined DC voltage.   The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor.

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