JP6134490B2 - Tunnel drainage - Google Patents
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- JP6134490B2 JP6134490B2 JP2012224589A JP2012224589A JP6134490B2 JP 6134490 B2 JP6134490 B2 JP 6134490B2 JP 2012224589 A JP2012224589 A JP 2012224589A JP 2012224589 A JP2012224589 A JP 2012224589A JP 6134490 B2 JP6134490 B2 JP 6134490B2
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Description
本発明は、トンネル建設時に、トンネルの地山側から湧き出す湧水を排水するためのトンネル用排水材に関する。 The present invention relates to a drainage material for a tunnel for draining spring water that springs from a natural ground side of a tunnel at the time of tunnel construction.
地山にトンネルを建設する場合、トンネルの内面側にコンクリートを吹き付けてなる一次覆工コンクリートに対して多数本のロックボルトをトンネル周方向と略垂直な方向へ打設する。このとき、とくに湧水の漏出が多い地山に対しては、ロックボルト打設後の一次覆工コンクリートに対して、例えば、特許文献１〜３に記載されたような湧水排水材を設置して、湧水の排水が行われている。
When constructing a tunnel in a natural ground, a large number of rock bolts are driven in a direction substantially perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the tunnel with respect to the primary lining concrete that is sprayed with concrete on the inner surface side of the tunnel. At this time, especially for natural ground where there is a lot of leakage of spring water, for example, a spring water drainage material as described in
市販されている湧水排水材としては、株式会社吉原化工製の商品名「もやいドレーンマット ＳＷＢタイプ」や、前田工繊株式会社製の商品名「モノドレン」、「モノドレンＲＢ」が知られている。 As commercially available spring water drainage materials, the product names “Moyai Drain Mat SWB Type” manufactured by Yoshihara Chemical Co., Ltd., and the product names “Mono Drain” and “Mono Drain RB” manufactured by Maeda Kosen Co., Ltd. are known. .
特許文献１：特開２００２−０５４３９６号公開公報
特許文献２：特開２００９−０５２３９０号公開公報
特許文献３：特開２００６−１３２２６７号公開公報
Patent Document 1: JP 2002-054396 A Patent Document 2: JP 2009-052390 A Patent Document 3: JP 2006-132267 A
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された湧水処理シート材は、通水性を有する弾性部材の形状について、十分に検討されておらず、弾性部材が一様に均一な厚さを有する構造であるため、屈曲性が悪く、その結果、例えば、トンネル内壁面に設置する際、壁面の曲面に沿って弾性部材がフィットせず（折り曲がらず）、施工性（折り曲げ柔軟性）が悪いという問題点があった。また、弾性部材が目詰まりしやすく、排水性も低い水準のものであった。
However, the spring water treatment sheet material described in
また、特許文献２及び３は、いずれも、湧水排水材の長手方向に剛直な構造の排水路が形成されており、排水路の剛性によって排水路方向に折り曲げにくいものであった。このため、湧水排水材の排水路をトンネル円弧方向にして施工すると、折れ曲がりにくい方向へ折り曲げながら施工する必要があり、施工作業が困難であった。また、湧水排水材が屈曲に耐えきれずに破断するという問題点があった。或いは、湧水排水材の排水路をトンネル円弧方向と垂直な方向に施工すると、湧水の排水性が低下するという問題点があった。
以上のように、特許文献１〜３に記載された湧水排水材は、トンネル内壁面に湧水排水材を設置する際の排水性や施工性（折り曲げ柔軟性）について十分に検討されていない。
As described above, the spring water and drainage materials described in
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決し、排水性と施工性（折り曲げ柔軟性）とが共に優れたトンネル用排水材を提供する。 This invention solves said problem and provides the drainage material for tunnels which was excellent in both drainage property and workability (bending flexibility).
すなわち、本発明は、防水シートの一面側に、その長手方向の少なくとも一部に三次元立体網状体を備え、前記三次元立体網状体は、太さが０．１ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍの連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなる線状山部と線状谷部とを有し、前記線状山部及び前記線状谷部は、防水シートの長手方向に対して３０°〜１５０°の角度をなしており、前記三次元立体網状体は、ポリオレフィンを９５質量％〜９９．９質量％と、熱可塑性エラストマーを０．１質量％〜５質量％とを含み、前記熱可塑性エラストマーは、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ブタジエン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレンブタジエン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレンイソプレン系熱可塑性エラストマー及び水添スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーから選ばれる少なくとも一つであることを特徴とするトンネル用排水材である。 That is, the present invention is provided with a three-dimensional solid network on at least a part of the longitudinal direction on one side of the waterproof sheet, and the three-dimensional solid network does not have continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. It has a linear crest and a linear trough that intersect the rule, and the linear crest and the linear trough form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The three-dimensional solid network includes 95% by mass to 99.9% by mass of a polyolefin and 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer. At least selected from thermoplastic elastomers, butadiene thermoplastic elastomers, styrene butadiene thermoplastic elastomers, styrene isoprene thermoplastic elastomers and hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomers It is a drainage material for tunnels characterized by the fact that both are one .
本発明のトンネル用排水材は、線状山部と線状谷部とを有するため、湧水の排水性に優れており、この線状山部と線状谷部が防水シートの長手方向に対して３０°〜１５０°の角度をなす構成であるため、優れた折り曲げ柔軟性を有し、施工性に優れる。 Since the drainage material for tunnels of the present invention has a linear peak and a linear valley, the drainage of the spring water is excellent, and the linear peak and the linear valley are in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. Since it is the structure which makes the angle of 30 degrees-150 degrees with respect to it, it has the outstanding bending | flexion softness | flexibility and is excellent in workability.
本発明のトンネル用排水材（以下、単に排水材ともいう）は、防水シートの一面側に、その長手方向の少なくとも一部に三次元立体網状体を備える。以下、本発明のトンネル用排水材の各構成部材について説明する。 The tunnel drainage material of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as drainage material) includes a three-dimensional solid network on at least a part of the longitudinal direction on one side of the waterproof sheet. Hereinafter, each structural member of the drainage material for tunnels of this invention is demonstrated.
（三次元立体網状体）
本発明は、防水シートの一面側に、その長手方向の少なくとも一部に三次元立体網状体を備える。三次元立体網状体は、太さが０．１ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍの連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなる線状山部と線状谷部とを有する。本発明のトンネル用排水材は、湧水が三次元立体網状体を構成する連続フィラメント同士の間を通って排水されるので、遊離石灰が付着しにくく、排水路が目詰まりし難い。
(Three-dimensional solid network)
The present invention includes a three-dimensional solid network on at least a part of the longitudinal direction on one side of the waterproof sheet. The three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak and a linear valley formed by irregularly intersecting continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. In the drainage material for tunnels of the present invention, the spring water is drained through the continuous filaments constituting the three-dimensional solid network, so that free lime hardly adheres and the drainage channel is not easily clogged.
本発明において、線状山部は、連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなり、三次元立体網状体の一部が隆起した畝状部分をいう。また、線状谷部は、２つの線状山部同士の間に形成された溝状部分をいう。 In the present invention, the linear peak portion refers to a hook-like portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly and a part of a three-dimensional solid network is raised. Moreover, a linear trough part says the groove-shaped part formed between two linear peak parts.
三次元立体網状体を構成する連続フィラメントは、その太さが０．１ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍであり、０．２ｍｍ〜５ｍｍであることが好ましく、０．３ｍｍ〜２ｍｍであることがより好ましい。連続フィラメントの太さが０．１ｍｍ以上であると、二次覆工コンクリートの吹き付け圧などによって三次元立体網状体の空隙が圧潰される（へたる）ことがない又は少ない。また、連続フィラメントの太さが１０ｍｍ以下であると、折り曲げやすく、施工しやすい。 The continuous filament constituting the three-dimensional solid network has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 5 mm, and more preferably 0.3 mm to 2 mm. When the thickness of the continuous filament is 0.1 mm or more, the voids of the three-dimensional solid network are not crushed or reduced by the spraying pressure of the secondary lining concrete. Moreover, it is easy to bend | fold and to construct as the thickness of a continuous filament is 10 mm or less.
三次元立体網状体は、連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなる線状山部と線状谷部とを有する。三次元立体網状体が線状山部および線状谷部を有すると、線状山部及び／又は線状谷部が湧水の排水路となるので、湧水の排水性に優れる。とくに湧水流量が多いトンネルに用いた場合には、湧水が線状山部および線状谷部を通って排水されるため、本発明の排水材は、湧水流量が非常に多い山地にトンネルを建設する際にも好適に用いることができる。 The three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak portion and a linear valley portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly. When the three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak and a linear valley, the linear peak and / or the linear valley becomes a spring drainage channel, so that the drainage of the spring is excellent. In particular, when used in a tunnel with a large amount of spring water, the spring water is drained through linear peaks and valleys. It can also be suitably used when constructing a tunnel.
三次元立体網状体は、少なくとも防水シートの長手方向に対して３０°〜１５０°の角度をなす線状山部と線状谷部とを有する。線状山部および線状谷部の防水シートの長手方向に対する角度は、４５°〜１３５°であることが好ましく、６０°〜１２０°であることがより好ましい。線状山部および線状谷部が、防水シートの長手方向に対して、３０°〜１５０°の角度をなすと、防水シートの長手方向に曲げやすい構造となる。これは、三次元立体網状体を折り曲げたときに、線状山部および線状谷部が、部分的に蛇腹構造のように伸縮するためであると推察される。本発明の排水材は、円弧状のトンネル内壁面に沿って施工されるため、曲げ柔軟性に優れた部材であるほど施工しやすい。 The three-dimensional solid network has at least a linear peak portion and a linear valley portion that form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The angle of the linear peak portion and the linear valley portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet is preferably 45 ° to 135 °, and more preferably 60 ° to 120 °. When the linear peak and the linear valley form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet, the structure becomes easy to bend in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. This is presumed to be because when the three-dimensional solid network is bent, the linear peaks and the linear valleys partially expand and contract like a bellows structure. Since the drainage material of the present invention is constructed along the arcuate inner wall surface of the tunnel, it is easier to construct as the member is superior in bending flexibility.
三次元立体網状体は、隣り合って平行する二つの線状山部を有し、二つの線状山部同士の間をつなぐ連結山部を有することが好ましい。線状山部同士の間をつなぐ連結山部を有すると、湧水の排水路が連続した構造となり、湧水を効率良く排水することができる。また、連結山部は、三次元立体網状体に適度な剛性を与え、例えば、トンネル内壁面の上部（天井部）に排水材を施工する際に、排水材が、その自重で垂れ下がることがなく、施工しやすい。 It is preferable that the three-dimensional solid network has two linear ridges that are adjacent and parallel to each other, and has a connecting ridge that connects the two linear ridges. If it has a connection mountain part which connects between linear mountain parts, it becomes the structure where the drainage channel of spring water became continuous, and it can drain spring water efficiently. In addition, the connecting mountain portion gives the three-dimensional solid network moderate rigidity, for example, when drainage material is constructed on the upper part (ceiling part) of the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the drainage material does not hang down due to its own weight. Easy to install.
三次元立体網状体は、線状山部と線状谷部とが交互に平行していることが好ましい。線状山部と線状谷部とが交互に平行していると、部分的に蛇腹構造のように伸縮しやすく、折り曲げ柔軟性に優れる。 In the three-dimensional solid network body, linear ridges and linear valleys are preferably parallel to each other. When the linear ridges and the linear valleys are alternately arranged in parallel, it is easy to expand and contract partially like a bellows structure, and is excellent in bending flexibility.
線状山部および線状谷部は、その長さが、三次元立体網状体の大きさの範囲内において、連続した直線状であってよく、或いは、不連続な線分状であってよい。なかでも、線状山部および線状谷部は、不連続な線分状であることが好ましい。線状山部および線状谷部が線分状であると、線状山部同士および線状谷部同士の間の不連続部分で折り曲げやすい
構造となり、線状山部と垂直な方向へも折り曲げ可能になる。
The linear ridges and linear valleys may be continuous straight lines or discontinuous line segments within the range of the size of the three-dimensional solid network. . Especially, it is preferable that a linear peak part and a linear trough part are discontinuous line segment shape. If the linear peak and the linear valley are line segments, it becomes a structure that can be easily bent at the discontinuous portions between the linear peaks and between the linear valleys, and also in a direction perpendicular to the linear peaks. Can be bent.
線状山部および線状谷部が線分状である場合、線状山部及び線状谷部は、それぞれ、複数の線状山部および複数の線状谷部がそれぞれ一本の直線上に位置することが好ましい。複数の線状山部および複数の線状谷部がそれぞれ一本の直線上に位置する構成であると、部分的な蛇腹構造を形成しやすく、折り曲げ柔軟性に特に優れる。 When the linear peak and the linear valley are line segments, the linear peak and the linear valley are respectively a plurality of linear peaks and a plurality of linear valleys on a single straight line. It is preferable to be located at. When the plurality of linear ridges and the plurality of linear valleys are respectively positioned on one straight line, a partial bellows structure is easily formed, and the bending flexibility is particularly excellent.
線状山部および線状谷部が線分状である場合、線状山部および線状谷部の長さは、５０ｍｍ〜１５０ｍｍであることが好ましく、６０ｍｍ〜１００ｍｍであることがより好ましい。線状山部および線状谷部の長さが５０ｍｍ以上であると、湧水が線状山部および線状谷部を通って排水されやすくなる。また、線状山部および線状谷部の長さが１５０ｍｍ以下であると、折り曲げやすく、施工しやすい。 When a linear peak part and a linear trough part are line segments, it is preferable that the length of a linear peak part and a linear trough part is 50 mm-150 mm, and it is more preferable that it is 60 mm-100 mm. When the length of the linear peak and the linear valley is 50 mm or more, the spring water is easily drained through the linear peak and the linear valley. Moreover, it is easy to bend | fold and to construct as the length of a linear peak part and a linear trough part is 150 mm or less.
線状山部の長さは、連結山部の長さに対して１倍〜１５倍であることが好ましく、１倍〜１０倍であることがより好ましい。線状山部の長さと連結山部の長さの比が上記範囲内であると、折り曲げやすく、トンネル内壁面に沿って施工することが容易である。 The length of the linear peak is preferably 1 to 15 times, more preferably 1 to 10 times the length of the connecting peak. When the ratio of the length of the linear peak portion to the length of the connecting peak portion is within the above range, it is easy to bend and it is easy to construct along the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
三次元立体網状体を構成する連続フィラメントの成分は、特に限定されず、公知の合成樹脂からなってよい。例えば、連続フィラメントは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレートなどのポリエステル樹脂、ナイロン６、ナイロン６６などのポリアミド樹脂などの合成樹脂のうち、１又は２以上からなってよい。
The component of the continuous filament constituting the three-dimensional solid network is not particularly limited, and may be made of a known synthetic resin. For example, the continuous filament is composed of one or more of a synthetic resin such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, and a polyamide resin such as
なかでも、三次元立体網状体を構成する連続フィラメントは、ポリオレフィンを９５質量％〜９９．９質量％と、熱可塑性エラストマーを０．１質量％〜５質量％とを含むことが好ましく、ポリオレフィンを９７質量％〜９９質量％と、熱可塑性エラストマーを１質量％〜３質量％とを含むことがより好ましい。連続フィラメントがポリオレフィンを９５質量％以上含むと、耐圧強度が高い三次元立体網状体を得ることができ、コンクリートなどの打設圧を受けても空隙が潰れることがない又は少ない。連続フィラメントが熱可塑性エラストマーを０．１質量％以上含むと、柔軟性に優れた三次元立体網状体を得ることができ、トンネル内壁面への追随性がよい。なお、とくに耐圧強度が高い三次元立体網状体を得る観点から、ポリオレフィンは、高密度ポリエチレンであることが好ましい。 Especially, it is preferable that the continuous filament which comprises a three-dimensional solid network contains 95 mass%-99.9 mass% of polyolefin, and 0.1 mass%-5 mass% of thermoplastic elastomer, It is more preferable that 97 mass%-99 mass% and a thermoplastic elastomer are included 1 mass%-3 mass%. When the continuous filament contains 95% by mass or more of polyolefin, a three-dimensional solid network having a high pressure strength can be obtained, and even when subjected to a casting pressure such as concrete, the voids are not crushed or little. If the continuous filament contains 0.1% by mass or more of the thermoplastic elastomer, a three-dimensional solid network excellent in flexibility can be obtained, and the followability to the inner wall surface of the tunnel is good. The polyolefin is preferably high-density polyethylene from the viewpoint of obtaining a three-dimensional solid network having particularly high pressure resistance.
前記熱可塑性エラストマーは、例えば、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ブタジエン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレンブタジエン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレンイソプレン系熱可塑性エラストマー、水添スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers, styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers, styrene-isoprene-based thermoplastic elastomers, and hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers.
三次元立体網状体は、その目付が３００ｇ／ｍ2〜２０００ｇ／ｍ2であることが好ましく、５００ｇ／ｍ2〜１５００ｇ／ｍ2であることがより好ましい。三次元立体網状体の目付が３００ｇ／ｍ2以上であると、二次覆工コンクリートの吹き付け圧などによって三次元立体網状体の空隙が圧潰される（へたる）ことない又は少ない。三次元立体網状体の目付が２０００ｇ／ｍ2以下であると、湧水が連続フィラメント間の空隙を通過して排水されやすい。また、目付けが小さいと、軽量な排水材となるので、施工作業が容易になる。 Three-dimensional net-like body, preferably has a basis weight is 300g / m 2 ~2000g / m 2 , and more preferably 500g / m 2 ~1500g / m 2 . When the basis weight of the three-dimensional solid network is 300 g / m 2 or more, the voids of the three-dimensional solid network are not crushed or reduced by the spraying pressure of the secondary lining concrete. When the basis weight of the three-dimensional solid network is 2000 g / m 2 or less, the spring water easily passes through the gaps between the continuous filaments and is drained. Also, if the basis weight is small, it becomes a lightweight drainage material, so the construction work becomes easy.
三次元立体網状体は、その厚みが３ｃｍ〜５０ｃｍであることが好ましく、５ｃｍ〜１５ｃｍであることがより好ましい。三次元立体網状体の厚みが３ｃｍ以上であると、湧水の流量が非常に多い場合にも効率よく湧水を排水することができる。三次元立体網状体の厚みが５０ｃｍ以下であると、取り扱いやすく、施工しやすい。 The thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is preferably 3 cm to 50 cm, and more preferably 5 cm to 15 cm. When the thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is 3 cm or more, the spring water can be efficiently drained even when the flow rate of the spring water is very large. If the thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is 50 cm or less, it is easy to handle and construct.
なお、三次元立体網状体の厚みは、三次元立体網状体を２枚の厚さ３ｍｍのアクリル板で挟み込み、２．９４ｃＮ／ｃｍ2の荷重を加えた状態で、アクリル板間の距離を測定することにより得られる。 The thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is measured by measuring the distance between the acrylic plates with a load of 2.94 cN / cm 2 applied between two 3 mm thick acrylic plates. Can be obtained.
（防水シート）
本発明の防水シートは、防水性を有するシートを用いることができ、例えば、耐水圧が１８００ｍｍＡｑ以上のシートを用いてよい。防水シートは、例えば、公知のブルーシートや、合成樹脂からなる厚みが１ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍの合成樹脂シートなどを用いることができる。
(Waterproof sheet)
As the waterproof sheet of the present invention, a waterproof sheet can be used. For example, a sheet having a water pressure resistance of 1800 mmAq or more may be used. As the waterproof sheet, for example, a known blue sheet or a synthetic resin sheet having a thickness of 1 mm to 20 mm made of a synthetic resin can be used.
防水シートがブルーシートである場合、その厚さは３００μｍ以上であることが好ましい。例えば、＃３０００以上のブルーシートを用いることができる。ここで、ブルーシートとは、ポリエチレン製のスリットヤーン織物の両面にポリエチレン樹脂をラミネート加工したものである。ブルーシートには、その表面などにＵＶ加工やアルミ蒸着フィルムのラミネート加工などの公知の加工が施されていてよい。また、青色以外に着色されたものであってもよい。 When the waterproof sheet is a blue sheet, the thickness is preferably 300 μm or more. For example, a blue sheet of # 3000 or more can be used. Here, the blue sheet is obtained by laminating a polyethylene resin on both sides of a polyethylene slit yarn fabric. The blue sheet may be subjected to known processing such as UV processing or lamination of an aluminum deposited film on the surface thereof. Further, it may be colored other than blue.
防水シートが合成樹脂シートである場合、厚さは０．５ｍｍ〜１．５ｍｍであることが好ましい。合成樹脂シートの厚さが０．５ｍｍ〜１．５ｍｍであると、防水性と柔軟性とを兼ね備える。合成樹脂シートを構成する合成樹脂は、例えば、ポリエチレンやエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体などであってよい。 When the waterproof sheet is a synthetic resin sheet, the thickness is preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. When the thickness of the synthetic resin sheet is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, both waterproofness and flexibility are provided. The synthetic resin constituting the synthetic resin sheet may be, for example, polyethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
防水シートは、三次元立体網状体の一面側から三次元立体網状体の厚さ方向に沿って立ち上げられ、三次元立体網状体の他の一面側に防水シートが固定されながら、折り返されてなることが好ましい。かかる構成であると、トンネル用排水材に、その長手方向と垂直な方向へ引張張力を加えても防水シートと三次元立体網状体とが分離しにくく、破断しにくい。例えば、トンネル用排水材を設置する際に、その長手方向と垂直な方向へ引っ張りながら張り付け施工を行っても、トンネル用排水材が破断し難い。 The waterproof sheet is raised from the one side of the three-dimensional solid network along the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network, and is folded while the waterproof sheet is fixed to the other side of the three-dimensional solid network. It is preferable to become. With such a configuration, even if tensile tension is applied to the drainage material for tunnels in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network are difficult to separate and are not easily broken. For example, when installing a drainage material for tunnels, the drainage material for tunnels is hardly broken even if it is attached while being pulled in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
防水シートが、折り返されて形成された折り返し部の幅は、３ｍｍ〜５０ｍｍであることが好ましく、１０ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍであることがより好ましい。折り返し部の幅が３ｍｍ以上であると、防水シートと三次元立体網状体とを強固に固定することができる。また、折り返し幅が５０ｍｍ以下であると折り返し部が湧水の排水を妨げることがない。 The width of the folded portion formed by folding the waterproof sheet is preferably 3 mm to 50 mm, and more preferably 10 mm to 20 mm. When the width of the folded portion is 3 mm or more, the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network can be firmly fixed. Further, when the folding width is 50 mm or less, the folded portion does not hinder the drainage of the spring water.
防水シートは、その長手方向の少なくとも一方の端部において、防水シートの一面側に三次元立体網状体を備えない接続部を有することが好ましい。すなわち、接続部は、防水シートのみで構成されてよい。なお、接続部の幅は、５ｃｍ〜５０ｃｍであることが好ましく、７ｃｍ〜３０ｃｍであることが好ましい。防水シートが接続部を有すると、本発明のトンネル用排水材同士又は、本発明のトンネル用排水材と公知のトンネル用排水材とを連結させて用いる場合に、接続部を重ね合わせて連結できるため、連結部から漏水しにくい。また、接続部は、その柔軟性の観点から、さらに後述の釘打ち用部材も備えないことが好ましい。 The waterproof sheet preferably has a connection portion that does not include a three-dimensional solid network on one surface side of the waterproof sheet at at least one end in the longitudinal direction. That is, the connection portion may be configured only with a waterproof sheet. In addition, it is preferable that the width | variety of a connection part is 5 cm-50 cm, and it is preferable that it is 7 cm-30 cm. When the waterproof sheet has a connection portion, the tunnel drainage material of the present invention or the tunnel drainage material of the present invention and a publicly known tunnel drainage material can be connected and overlapped to be connected. Therefore, it is difficult for water to leak from the connecting portion. Moreover, it is preferable that a connection part is not further provided with the member for nail driving mentioned later from a flexible viewpoint.
（釘打ち用部材）
防水シートの両端部は、その長手方向に沿って、釘打ち用部材が取り付けられていることが好ましい。釘打ち用部材は、トンネル内壁面に排水材を取り付けた際に、排水材の自重や取り付け時の張力によって、釘打ち部付近で防水シートが破断しないように保護するための部材である。
(Nailing member)
It is preferable that nailing members are attached to both ends of the waterproof sheet along the longitudinal direction thereof. The nailing member is a member for protecting the waterproof sheet from being broken near the nailing portion by the weight of the drainage material or the tension at the time of attachment when the drainage material is attached to the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
釘打ち用部材を構成する素材は、特に限定されず、公知の合成樹脂、金属、木材などからなってよい。例えば、釘打ち用部材が合成樹脂である場合、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレートなどのポリエステル樹脂、ナイロン６、ナイロン６６などのポリアミド樹脂などの合成樹脂のうち、１又は２以上からなってよい。
The material constituting the nailing member is not particularly limited, and may be made of a known synthetic resin, metal, wood or the like. For example, when the nailing member is a synthetic resin, among a synthetic resin such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, and a polyamide resin such as
釘打ち用部材は、その厚みが０．５ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍであることが好ましく、１ｍｍ〜５ｍｍであることがより好ましい。釘打ち用部材の厚みが０．５ｍｍ以上であると、釘穴が広がりにくく、釘が抜けにくい。また、釘打ち用部材の厚みが１０ｍｍ以下であると、
釘打ち用部材が、トンネル内壁面への追随性を阻害することがない又は、少ない。
The thickness of the nail driving member is preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm, and more preferably 1 mm to 5 mm. When the thickness of the nail driving member is 0.5 mm or more, the nail hole is difficult to expand and the nail is difficult to come off. Further, if the thickness of the nail driving member is 10 mm or less,
The nail driving member does not obstruct or follow the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
釘打ち用部材は、防水シート両端部の長手方向に沿って、連続して取り付けられていてよく、或いは、不連続に取り付けられていてもよい。 The nailing member may be attached continuously along the longitudinal direction of both ends of the waterproof sheet, or may be attached discontinuously.
（製造方法）
トンネル用排水材の製造方法について、一例を挙げて説明する。
まず、合成樹脂を加熱溶融した組成物を孔径０．１〜１０ｍｍの多数の紡糸ノズルが列設された紡糸口金から押出して紡出し、紡出された連続フィラメントを紡糸口金の下方に設けられた高さ３０ｍｍ〜５００ｍｍの線状凸部を有する金型上に垂らしながら、金型を紡出速度より遅い速度で移動させて三次元立体網状体を得る。かかる製造方法により、連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなる線状山部と線状谷部とを有し、かつ二つの線状山部同士の間をつなぐ連結山部を有する三次元立体網状体を得ることができる。なお、線状山部、線状谷部、及び連結山部は、例えば、これらと同じ形状を有する金型を用いることで形成することができる。
(Production method)
An example of a method for manufacturing a tunnel drainage material will be described.
First, a composition obtained by melting and melting a synthetic resin was extruded from a spinneret in which a large number of spinning nozzles having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm were arranged and spun, and the spun continuous filament was provided below the spinneret. While hanging on a mold having linear convex portions with a height of 30 mm to 500 mm, the mold is moved at a speed slower than the spinning speed to obtain a three-dimensional solid network. By such a manufacturing method, a three-dimensional solid network having a linear peak portion and a linear valley portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly and having a connecting peak portion connecting the two linear peak portions. You can get a body. In addition, a linear peak part, a linear trough part, and a connection peak part can be formed by using the metal mold | die which has these same shapes, for example.
次いで、前記線状山部及び前記線状谷部が、防水シートの長手方向に対して３０°〜１５０°の角度をなすように三次元立体網状体を防水シート上に載置し、三次元立体網状体の外側の防水シートを三次元立体網状体に沿わせて立ち上げ、三次元立体網状体に防水シートを固定しながら折り返して、或いは、折り返して固定し、必要に応じて、防水シート両端部の長手方向に釘打ち用部材を取り付けて、トンネル用排水材を得る。 Subsequently, the three-dimensional solid network is placed on the waterproof sheet so that the linear peaks and the linear valleys form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The waterproof sheet on the outside of the three-dimensional network is raised along the three-dimensional three-dimensional network, and the waterproof sheet is folded back or fixed to the three-dimensional three-dimensional network while fixing the waterproof sheet as necessary. A draining material for tunnel is obtained by attaching nailing members in the longitudinal direction of both ends.
三次元立体網状体は、公知の接着、溶着、物理的係合手段によって防水シートに固定されていてよい。三次元立体網状体は、溶着により防水シートに固定されていることが好ましく熱接着、高周波ウェルダー溶着、又は超音波溶着により固定されていることがより好ましい。三次元立体網状体が溶着により防水シートに固定されていると、溶着部が湧水に触れても劣化し難いため、剥離しにくい。 The three-dimensional solid network may be fixed to the waterproof sheet by known adhesion, welding, or physical engagement means. The three-dimensional solid network is preferably fixed to the waterproof sheet by welding, and more preferably fixed by thermal bonding, high-frequency welder welding, or ultrasonic welding. When the three-dimensional three-dimensional network is fixed to the waterproof sheet by welding, the welded portion is hardly deteriorated even if it touches the spring water, and thus it is difficult to peel off.
釘打ち用部材の取り付け方法は、特に限定されず、公知の接着、溶着、物理的係合手段によって取り付けられていてよい。釘打ち用部材は、例えば、ステープラー（ホチキスとも呼ばれる）で固定されていてよく、或いは、接着剤により固定されていてもよい。 The method for attaching the nail driving member is not particularly limited, and it may be attached by known bonding, welding, or physical engagement means. The nailing member may be fixed by, for example, a stapler (also called a staple), or may be fixed by an adhesive.
（実施例）
以下に実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらによって限定されるものではない。
(Example)
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
（実施例１）
合成樹脂として、高密度ポリエチレン（商品名：ＨＥ４８１、日本ポリエチレン株式会社製）９８質量％と、水素添加スチレン−ブタジエンを使用したスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー（商品名：ダイナロンＳＥＢＣ、ＪＳＲ株式会社製）２質量％とを混合した混合樹脂組成物を準備した。
Example 1
High-density polyethylene (trade name: HE481, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) 98% by mass as a synthetic resin, and a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer using hydrogenated styrene-butadiene (trade name: Dynalon SEBC, manufactured by JSR Corporation) 2 A mixed resin composition mixed with mass% was prepared.
次いで、加熱溶融した混合樹脂組成物を孔径１ｍｍの多数の紡糸ノズルが列設された紡糸口金から押出して紡出し、連続フィラメントを紡糸口金の下方に設けられた高さ１０ｍｍの線状凸部を有する金型上に垂らしながら、金型を紡出速度より遅い速度で移動させて三次元立体網状体を得た。得られた三次元立体網状体は、連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなる線状山部、線状谷部、及び連結山部を有しており、線状山部の長さは連結山部の長さに対して４倍であり、厚さが１０ｍｍであり、目付が８００ｇ／ｍ2であった。 Subsequently, the heated and melted mixed resin composition is extruded from a spinneret in which a large number of spinning nozzles having a hole diameter of 1 mm are arranged and spun, and a continuous filament is formed on a linear convex portion having a height of 10 mm provided below the spinneret. While hanging on the mold, the mold was moved at a speed slower than the spinning speed to obtain a three-dimensional solid network. The obtained three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak portion, a linear valley portion, and a connected peak portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly, and the length of the linear peak portion is a connected peak. It was 4 times the length of the part, the thickness was 10 mm, and the basis weight was 800 g / m 2 .
次に、線状山部及び線状谷部が、防水シートの長手方向に対して６０°の角度をなすように三次元立体網状体を防水シート上に載置し、三次元立体網状体の外側の防水シートを三次元立体網状体に沿わせて立ち上げて折り返し、この折り返し部において、三次元立体網状体と防水シートとを３ｃｍ間隔で直径１ｃｍの溶着部が配されるように各溶着部を３０Ｊのエネルギーで超音波溶着し、防水シート両端部の長手方向に釘打ち用部材として、厚みが３ｍｍ、幅２５ｍｍのポリエチレンからなるバンドをステープラーで取り付けて、実施例１のトンネル用排水材を得た。得られた排水材は、防水シートが三次元立体網状体の一面側から三次元立体網状体の厚さ方向に沿って立ち上げられ、三次元立体網状体の他の一面側に防水シートが固定されながら、折り返されていた。また、１０ｃｍの接続部を有していた。 Next, the three-dimensional solid network is placed on the waterproof sheet so that the linear peaks and the linear valleys form an angle of 60 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The outer waterproof sheet is raised and folded along the three-dimensional solid network body, and in this folded portion, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network body and the waterproof sheet are welded so that a weld portion having a diameter of 1 cm is arranged at intervals of 3 cm. The part is ultrasonically welded with an energy of 30 J, and a band made of polyethylene having a thickness of 3 mm and a width of 25 mm is attached as a nail driving member in the longitudinal direction of both ends of the waterproof sheet with a stapler. Got. In the drainage material obtained, the waterproof sheet is raised from one side of the three-dimensional solid network along the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network, and the waterproof sheet is fixed to the other side of the three-dimensional solid network. It was being folded. Moreover, it had a connection part of 10 cm.
（実施例２）
三次元立体網状体の線状山部及び線状谷部を、防水シートの長手方向に対して９０°の角度をなすように防水シート上に載置したこと以外は、実施例１の手順に従って、実施例２のトンネル用排水材を得た。
(Example 2)
According to the procedure of Example 1, except that the linear peaks and the valleys of the three-dimensional solid network are placed on the waterproof sheet so as to form an angle of 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The drainage material for tunnels of Example 2 was obtained.
（比較例１）
連続フィラメントを平板状の金型に垂らしたこと以外は、実施例１の手順に従って、比較例１のトンネル用排水材を得た。比較例１の網状体は、線状山部、線状谷部、及び連結山部を有さず、厚さが１０ｍｍであり、目付が８００ｇ／ｍ2であった。
(Comparative Example 1)
A tunnel drainage material of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 except that the continuous filament was hung on a flat metal mold. The network of Comparative Example 1 did not have a linear peak, a linear valley, and a connected peak, had a thickness of 10 mm, and a basis weight of 800 g / m 2 .
（比較例２）
三次元立体網状体の線状山部及び線状谷部を、防水シートの長手方向に対して０°の角度をなすように防水シート上に載置したこと以外は、実施例１の手順に従って、比較例２のトンネル用排水材を得た。
(Comparative Example 2)
According to the procedure of Example 1, except that the linear peaks and the valleys of the three-dimensional solid network are placed on the waterproof sheet so as to form an angle of 0 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The tunnel drainage material of Comparative Example 2 was obtained.
（排水性）
実施例１、実施例２、比較例１及び比較例２の排水材をコンクリートへ取り付け、排水材の長手方向へ水を通過させて、排水性を確認した。
(Drainage)
The drainage materials of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were attached to concrete, and water was passed in the longitudinal direction of the drainage material to confirm drainage performance.
実施例１、実施例２、及び比較例２の排水材は、比較例１の排水材に比べて排水性が良好であった。これは、実施例１、実施例２、及び比較例２の排水材が線状山部及び線状谷部を有するためであると考えられる。 The drainage materials of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 2 were better in drainage than the drainage material of Comparative Example 1. This is thought to be because the drainage materials of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 2 have linear peaks and linear valleys.
（折り曲げ柔軟性）
試験片の幅を３ｃｍとしたこと以外は、ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６ ８．１９．１ Ａ法（４５°カンチレバー法）に準じて、長手方向に試験片を移動させ、試験片の移動した長さを測定した。測定結果を表１に示す。
(Bending flexibility)
Except that the width of the test piece was 3 cm, the length of the test piece was measured by moving the test piece in the longitudinal direction according to JIS L 1096 8.19.1 A method (45 ° cantilever method). did. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
実施例１及び実施例２の排水材は、比較例１及び比較例２の排水材に比べて、移動した長さが短い。これは、実施例１及び実施例２の排水材は、比較例１及び比較例２の排水材よりも、弱い力で折り曲げることができることを示している。即ち、実施例１及び実施例２の排水材は、トンネル内壁面の円弧に沿って施工することが容易である。 The drainage material of Example 1 and Example 2 has a shorter moved length than the drainage material of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. This indicates that the drainage materials of Example 1 and Example 2 can be bent with a weaker force than the drainage materials of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. That is, the drainage material of Example 1 and Example 2 is easy to construct along the arc of the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
（実施例３）
三次元立体網状体を防水シート上に載置し、三次元立体網状体の外側の防水シートを三次元立体網状体に沿わせて立ち上げた状態で、三次元立体網状体の厚み方向の面と防水シートとを３ｃｍ間隔で直径１ｃｍの溶着部が配されるように各溶着部を３０Ｊのエネルギーで超音波溶着したこと以外は、実施例１の手順に従って、実施例３のトンネル用排水材を得た。
(Example 3)
The surface in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network with the three-dimensional solid network placed on the waterproof sheet and the waterproof sheet outside the three-dimensional solid network raised along the three-dimensional solid network The drainage material for tunnels of Example 3 according to the procedure of Example 1 except that each welded part was ultrasonically welded with energy of 30 J so that welded parts having a diameter of 1 cm were arranged at intervals of 3 cm between the waterproof sheet and the waterproof sheet Got.
（破断強力）
実施例１及び実施例３の排水材から、その長手方向が８ｃｍになるようにカットした試料片を作製し、試験片において、排水材の長手方向と垂直な方向の両端（即ち、釘打ち用部材付近）を引張試験機のつかみに取り付け、荷重をかけながら試験片を引っ張り、試料片の三次元立体網状体と防水シートとが破断したときの荷重（Ｎ）を測定し、破断強力とした。測定結果を表２に示す。
(Breaking strength)
Sample pieces cut so as to have a longitudinal direction of 8 cm were prepared from the drainage materials of Example 1 and Example 3, and both ends of the test piece in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material (that is, for nailing) The vicinity of the member is attached to the grip of a tensile tester, the test piece is pulled while applying a load, and the load (N) when the three-dimensional solid network of the sample piece and the waterproof sheet break is measured to determine the breaking strength. . The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
実施例１の排水材は、実施例３の排水材に比べて破断強力が高い。これは、実施例１の排水材の破断にかかる力の方向が、防水シートと三次元立体網状体の剪断方向であるためであると考えられる。実施例３の排水材は、破断にかかる力の方向が、防水シートと三次元立体網状体の剥離方向であるため、実施例１の排水材よりも破断強力が低いと考えられる。なお、実施例１及び実施例３の排水材は、共に十分な排水性及び折り曲げ柔軟性を有しており、トンネル用排水材として好適である。 The drainage material of Example 1 has a higher breaking strength than the drainage material of Example 3. This is considered to be because the direction of the force applied to the breakage of the drainage material of Example 1 is the shear direction of the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network. The drainage material of Example 3 is considered to have a lower breaking strength than the drainage material of Example 1 because the direction of the force applied to the fracture is the peeling direction of the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network. In addition, both the drainage material of Example 1 and Example 3 has sufficient drainage property and bending flexibility, and is suitable as drainage material for tunnels.
本発明のトンネル用排水材は、湧水などが発生する地山にトンネルを建設する際に湧水を排水するための部材として好ましく使用される。例えば、新オーストリアトンネル工法（ＮＡＴＭ工法）などに使用することができる。 The drainage material for tunnels of the present invention is preferably used as a member for draining spring water when a tunnel is constructed in a natural ground where spring water or the like is generated. For example, it can be used for the new Austrian tunnel method (NATM method).
１ 防水シート
２ 三次元立体網状体
３ 線状山部
４ 線状谷部
５ 釘打ち用部材
６ 超音波溶着部
７ 接続部
８ 連結山部
１０ トンネル用排水材
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (5)
前記三次元立体網状体は、太さが０．１ｍｍ〜１０ｍｍの連続フィラメントが不規則に交差してなる線状山部と線状谷部とを有し、
前記線状山部及び前記線状谷部は、防水シートの長手方向に対して３０°〜１５０°の角度をなしており、
前記三次元立体網状体は、ポリオレフィンを９５質量％〜９９．９質量％と、熱可塑性エラストマーを０．１質量％〜５質量％とを含み、
前記熱可塑性エラストマーは、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ブタジエン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレンブタジエン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレンイソプレン系熱可塑性エラストマー及び水添スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーから選ばれる少なくとも一つであることを特徴とするトンネル用排水材。 On one side of the waterproof sheet, provided with a three-dimensional solid network at least in the longitudinal direction,
The three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak and a linear valley formed by irregularly intersecting continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm,
The lines Joyama portion and the linear valley has to name an angle of 30 ° to 150 DEG ° to the longitudinal direction of the tarpaulin,
The three-dimensional solid network includes 95% by mass to 99.9% by mass of polyolefin, and 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer,
The thermoplastic elastomer is at least one selected from an olefin thermoplastic elastomer, a butadiene thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene butadiene thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene isoprene thermoplastic elastomer, and a hydrogenated styrene thermoplastic elastomer. Drainage material for tunnels.
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56156326A (en) * | 1980-05-06 | 1981-12-03 | Daiwa Spinning Co Ltd | Three-dimensional network structure |
| JPS5718235A (en) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-01-30 | Daiwa Spinning Co Ltd | Manufacture of material for engineering work |
| JPS5756513A (en) * | 1980-09-17 | 1982-04-05 | Teijin Ltd | Elastic filament |
| JPH1136793A (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-09 | Bridgestone Corp | Fitting method for waterproof sheet on peripheral face of tunnel |
| JP3909184B2 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2007-04-25 | 大和紡績株式会社 | Reticulated body and method for producing the same |
| JP3955720B2 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2007-08-08 | 株式会社吉原化工 | Spring water treatment sheet material |
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