JP6119816B2 - Agricultural sheet - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a sheet material (hereinafter abbreviated as an agricultural sheet) that covers the ground for controlling the soil environment in multi-cultivation of agricultural crops. In particular, citrus fruits such as mandarin oranges, peaches,
And an agricultural sheet suitable for mulch cultivation of deciduous fruit trees and vegetables such as strawberries.

Recently, demand for liberalization has increased from overseas, such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers, and multi-cultivation techniques have been attracting attention as the quality and differentiation of crops are being improved. Multi-cultivation refers to a cultivation method that controls the state of cultivated soil (ground) in order to obtain good quality crops without being affected by the weather during cultivation. In multi-cultivation, the state of cultivated soil (underground) is controlled by covering the ground on which tree roots are extended with an agricultural sheet material.

Agricultural sheets (also referred to as multi-films or multi-sheets), which are various multi-cultivation film materials, have been used since the 1950s to control the cultivation environment of crops. Thereafter, development of a multi-film having a reflection function began in the 1970s.

For example, in the cultivation of fruit trees, in order to improve the sugar content of fruits, it is important to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the soil and to evaporate the water in the soil to keep the soil in an appropriate dry state. Moreover, in order to prevent a decline in tree vigor, it is important to release carbon dioxide in soil to the outside air. Furthermore, in order to promote the coloring of fruits, it is important to irradiate fruit trees with diffused reflection of sunlight on the ground.

From such a place, cultivated soil (underground) by laying a film or sheet on the ground surface around the tree that has water-imperviousness, moisture permeability, and breathability, and also allows diffuse reflection of sunlight. Water content, carbon dioxide concentration, and irradiation of sunlight on trees.
Agricultural sheets called multi-films or multi-sheets are used for this purpose.

Today, as a sheet for agriculture having these reflection functions, a white waterproof sheet, a waterproof silver polyfilm, a white waterproof / breathable nonwoven fabric sheet, a waterproof aluminum vapor-deposited sheet, and the like are used. For example, in citrus mulch cultivation, a silver or black opaque sheet made of polyethylene or vinyl chloride resin, a colorless transparent sheet, or the like is used as an agricultural sheet material. In peach mulch cultivation, a silver sheet or the like obtained by depositing aluminum foil on polyethylene or vinyl chloride resin is used.

For example, in Patent Document 1, as a multi-sheet, a light-reflective property in which a light-reflective resin layer is formed on at least a part of the surface of a non-woven cloth sheet made of long-fiber unwoven cloth so that the light reflectance is a predetermined value or more A multi-sheet is described. According to the cited document 1, by using such a light-reflective multi-sheet as an agricultural sheet, light transmission to the soil is suppressed, and there is a herbicidal effect, and an increase in summer temperature can be suppressed. ing.

Among these, the non-woven fabric sheet is not a hole formed by a needle, but utilizes a gap between fibers in the non-woven fabric. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately control the water shielding and moisture permeability. Moreover, since it is a nonwoven fabric, physical strength is inferior. For this reason, when working on this sheet and the agricultural machine runs, there is a problem that the service life is shortened because the strength of the sheet is low.

Therefore, it has also been proposed to use a resin sheet having moisture permeability as a multi-sheet. For example, in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 and the like, a porous film having moisture permeability is obtained by forming a film using, as a raw material, a mixture of a thermoplastic resin such as an olefin resin and a filler such as calcium carbonate. It can be used as a sheet for multi-cultivation.

JP 2003-333940 A JP-A-3-280816 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-166022

However, the sheet made of plastic film as described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 does not allow water to pass through, but at the same time, it cannot be said that the air permeability and moisture permeability are sufficient, and moisture evaporates from the ground. It is known that the permeation of (water vapor) and carbon dioxide gas is insufficient.
In this way, when the evaporation of moisture and the release of carbon dioxide from the ground where the roots of the trees are extended are inhibited, the trees are weakened. Therefore, it is necessary to lay these plastic sheets so as to cover the ground on which the tree roots extend in the rain, and to remove or turn the plastic sheets to expose the ground in fine weather. However, repeating this operation according to the weather until harvest time has a problem that the workability is remarkably lacking because the weather is difficult to predict.
In addition, a porous film containing a large amount of a filler has a problem that it is not durable by itself and easily breaks on a sheet during work or over time.

That is, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in agricultural sheets made of conventional plastic films, have high durability, and have moisture permeability and breathability while having high water barrier properties. An object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural sheet that is excellent in all the properties required for a material and can improve workability.

In view of the above situation, earnest research and development is advanced, and claim 1 of the present invention is an agricultural sheet comprising at least a base material and a reinforcing resin layer formed on at least one surface of the base material. The base material contains a polypropylene resin, contains one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, has a porosity of 35% or more and 60% or less, and a thickness of 30 μm.
m to 90 μm, and the reinforcing resin layer has a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 3%.
An agricultural sheet comprising 0% by mass of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

In addition, Claim 2 of the present invention is the agricultural sheet according to Claim 1, wherein the base material is stretched in at least one direction.

In addition, according to Claim 3 of the present invention, the polypropylene resin constituting the base material is an ethylene-α olefin copolymer. Agricultural sheet.

According to the agricultural sheet of the present invention, it has high durability necessary as an agricultural multi-sheet, and has moisture permeability and air permeability while having high water shielding properties, and at the same time, necessary for improving photosynthesis of plants. It satisfies the reflectivity as a light scattering sheet.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram (cross-sectional view) illustrating an agricultural sheet according to the present invention in one embodiment thereof. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of movement of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the agricultural sheet of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state of water shielding (rain water) in the agricultural sheet of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the drawings are conceptual diagrams, and the scale relations, aspect ratios, and the like of components may be exaggerated as appropriate for convenience of explanation. Further, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment at all.
Within the scope of the object of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented with appropriate modifications.

In this embodiment, the water-impervious property is used as a term indicating the property of preventing the passage of water as a liquid. Moreover, moisture permeability is used as a term indicating a property that allows easy passage of water as water, that is, water vapor. Furthermore, the air permeability is used as a term indicating the property of allowing gas such as carbon dioxide to pass easily.

An agricultural sheet 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in FIG.
The agricultural sheet 1 of the present embodiment is an agricultural sheet 1 that includes at least a base 12 and a reinforcing resin layer 11 formed on at least one surface of the base 12. The substrate 12 includes a polypropylene resin, contains one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, has a porosity of 35% to 60%, and a thickness of 30 μm to 90 μm.
The reinforcing resin layer 11 includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass.

[Base material]
The base material 12 in this embodiment contains a polypropylene resin, contains one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, has a porosity of 35% or more and 60% or less, and has a thickness. 30 μm or more and 90 μm or less.

The base material 12 of the present embodiment contains fine voids and has a void ratio of 35% or more and 60% or less, so that it becomes a material that does not allow rainwater to pass but allows water vapor and gas to pass therethrough.

The size of the void is preferably in the range of 1 μm to 50 μm in average diameter, more preferably in the range of 2 μm to 40 μm, and still more preferably in the range of 5 μm to 30 μm.

The size of the gap is the diameter of the gap in an arbitrary cross section in the stacking direction or the stacking surface of the base material 12. When the average diameter of the voids of the base material 12 is less than 1 μm, the size of the voids generated on the surface of the base material 12 is small, which makes it difficult for the base material 12 to express desired moisture permeability. Moreover, since the intensity | strength of the base material 12 falls remarkably when the average diameter of the space | gap of the base material 12 exceeds 50 micrometers, it is unpreferable.

Note that the shape of the air gap is various, such as a circle and an ellipse, and the maximum diameter (L) of each air gap and the maximum diameter (M) in the direction perpendicular thereto are measured and averaged [(L + M) / 2] is the average diameter of each void. At least n (n is an integer of 1 or more) voids are selected and measured repeatedly, and the average value is taken as the average diameter.

The void diameter is measured by cutting an arbitrary part from the sample, embedding it with an epoxy resin, cutting it with a microtome, etc., attaching it to the sample stage, and depositing gold or gold-palladium etc. on the observation surface. The cross section of the sample is measured by observing the void shape on the surface at an arbitrary magnification that is easy to observe using, for example, a scanning electron microscope S-2400 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.

In the present embodiment, the size of the void is determined by appropriately adjusting the addition amount of the filler, the stretching ratio and the stretching temperature when the obtained thermoplastic resin sheet is stretched, and the like. can do.

As the thermoplastic resin material constituting the substrate 12, a propylene-based resin can be preferably used from the viewpoints of heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, and cost. As such a propylene-based resin, propylene homopolymer, isotactic or syndiotactic and polypropylene having various degrees of stereoregularity, propylene as a main component, and
A resin obtained by copolymerizing an α-olefin such as ethylene, butene-1, hexene-1, heptene-1,4-methylpentene-1 is preferably used. These copolymers may be binary, ternary or quaternary, and may be random copolymers or block copolymers.

In the present embodiment, the thickness of the substrate 12 is in the range of 30 μm or more and 90 μm or less. By having such a thickness of the base material 12, there is sufficient flexibility to handle as the agricultural sheet 1,
Moreover, it is preferable because strength is also maintained.

If the thickness of the base material 12 is less than 30 μm, it is not preferable because the agricultural sheet 1 does not have rigidity, lacks strength, and decreases reflectivity. Moreover, when the thickness of the base material 12 exceeds 90 μm, it is not preferable because it lacks flexibility as an agricultural sheet, and since the feeling of weight is increased, handling is poor, and the burden on the work carried out by agricultural workers is increased. In general-purpose polyethylene multi-sheets, it is usually 15 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and the lighter the work efficiency, the better. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90 μm, the amount of resin used for the substrate 12 is increased, which is not preferable because it becomes expensive in cost.

Further, as will be described later, in order to increase the strength of the base material 12, it is preferable that the base material 12 is longitudinally stretched, and then the same resin layer is bonded to perform lateral stretching.

(Inorganic filler, organic filler)
The inorganic filler and the organic filler used for the substrate 12 of the present embodiment are used for the purpose of generating voids in the film by stretching, and the type of the filler is not particularly limited. Also,
It may also serve the purpose of improving the reflectance of the substrate 12.

Examples of inorganic fillers include heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, calcined clay, talc, silicon oxide, diatomaceous earth, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, and the like. It may be surface-treated. Among these, heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, calcined clay, and talc are preferable because they are inexpensive and have good moldability.

The particle size of the inorganic filler is usually 0.01 μm or more and 15.00 μm or less, preferably 0.0 μm.
The thing of 1 micrometer or more and 8.00 micrometers or less can be used. The “average particle size” is defined as a statistical average value of the particle size distribution measured on a volume basis, and is a known particle size distribution measuring device (for example, trade name “LA-920”, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). ) Means the value measured by.

As the organic filler, it is preferable to select a different type of resin from the thermoplastic resin that is the main component. For example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrene, melamine, polyethylene sulfite, polyimide, polyethyl ether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfite, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, Examples thereof include polymethyl methacrylate, a cyclic olefin homopolymer, a copolymer of cyclic olefin and ethylene, and the like having a melting point of 120 ° C. to 300 ° C. or a glass transition temperature of 120 ° C. to 280 ° C.

One of these inorganic fillers or organic fillers may be selected and used alone, or two or more may be used in combination. In addition, the content of either one or both of the inorganic filler and the organic filler is preferably 1% by mass or more and 65% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less. If the content exceeds 65% by mass, the substrate 12 is liable to break during transverse stretching after longitudinal stretching, which is not preferable.

In order to prevent condensation as needed, the base material 12 of the present embodiment has a nonionic surfactant (
For example, glycerin fatty acid ester, pentaerythritol fatty acid ester, polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene block polymer, etc.), anionic surfactant (eg, sulfonate <Na, K, ammonium>, alkylbenzene sulfonate, etc.) or both One or more kinds of ionic surfactants can be mixed and added.

In addition, as the lubricant, an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as liquid paraffin, synthetic paraffin, or microcrystalline wax, a stearic acid ester of a linear alcohol, a higher fatty acid amide, or the like can be appropriately selected and added.

(Porosity)
The base material 12 of this embodiment has a porosity of 35% or more and 60% or less. Here, the porosity is
The ratio of voids in the substrate 12 is shown, and can be calculated by the following formula 1.

Porosity (%) = {(ρo−ρ) / ρo} × 100 (Expression 1)

In the above formula, ρo represents the true density of the substrate 12, and ρ represents the density of the substrate 12 (JIS P 811).
8), the true density is approximately equal to the density before stretching unless the material before stretching contains a large amount of air.

The base material 12 used in the present embodiment exhibits a function as a sterilization packaging material that does not pass bacteria but allows water vapor and gas to permeate because the porosity calculated by the above formula is 35% or more. In view of this, it is preferably 60% or less in order to maintain the strength of the agricultural sheet 1. If the porosity is less than 35%, the moisture permeability becomes poor and cannot be used as the agricultural sheet 1, and if it exceeds 60%, the strength as the agricultural sheet 1 tends to be insufficient. The porosity is more preferably 40% or more and 58% or less.

The substrate 12 of this embodiment has an opacity of 70% measured according to JIS Z 8722.
It is preferably ˜100%. If it is less than 70%, the paper-like appearance cannot be visually recognized, and the reflectance when used as an agricultural sheet is lowered, which is not preferable.

The density of the substrate 12 is preferably 0.50 g / cm ³ or more and 0.90 g / cm ³ or less.

(Substrate manufacturing method)
It does not specifically limit regarding the manufacturing method of the resin film which comprises the base material 12, A well-known manufacturing method is used.
For example, a resin melted by a plurality of extruders by co-extrusion is produced by a single die using a feed block or a ruched manifold. The base material 12 may be formed of a single resin film layer constituting the base material 12 manufactured as described above, or may be a laminate of a plurality of resin film layers constituting the base material 12.

(Void formation method)
In the present embodiment, the resin film constituting the substrate 12 may be stretched. When stretching,
Various known methods can be used. For example, the film can be stretched in a uniaxial or biaxial direction by longitudinal uniaxial stretching, longitudinal uniaxial multistage stretching, transverse uniaxial stretching, longitudinal and transverse sequential biaxial stretching, longitudinal and transverse simultaneous biaxial stretching, or a combination thereof.

By stretching at a temperature below the melting point of the polypropylene resin that is a thermoplastic resin,
Peeling occurs at the interface between the inorganic filler or organic filler and the thermoplastic resin, and this propagates and expands by stretching to form fine voids.

Further, the base material 12 including the inorganic filler and the organic filler is formed into a film using an extruder, and the base material 12 is formed after removing the filler from the resin film constituting the base material 12. The voids may be formed by stretching the resin film to be formed. When removing the filler from the resin film constituting the substrate 12, a liquid or the like is used.

The liquid to be used is appropriately selected according to the type of filler in the thermoplastic resin sheet, but when the filler is essentially soluble in acid such as calcium carbonate, an acidic aqueous solution should be used. Can do. Examples of the method for removing the filler include a method in which a liquid is showered on the resin film constituting the base material 12 and a method in which the resin film constituting the base material 12 is immersed in a tank containing the liquid.

The method of removing the filler with the liquid may be batch or continuous, but is preferably continuous from the viewpoint of productivity. For example, the roll that rotates by putting the liquid in a tank in which two or more rolls are placed. The method of conveying the resin film which comprises the base material 12 and allowing the inside of a liquid to pass through is mentioned.

When the liquid is an acidic or alkaline aqueous solution, it is preferable that the resin film constituting the substrate 12 from which the filler has been removed is further washed with water. When the resin film constituting the substrate 12 is washed, the resin film constituting the substrate 12 is usually washed to such an extent that a dissolved salt or the like does not precipitate in the resin film constituting the substrate 12. .

These stretching and lamination may be performed in any combination. Above all, after separating the outer layer and the inner layer, and longitudinally stretching the inner layer base material layer, laminating the outer layer of the same resin on the inner layer surface layer and then laterally stretching to produce a laminate, the paper-like texture It occurs and the reflectance is improved. Further, the strength of the substrate 12 can be improved.

[Reinforced resin layer]
The reinforcing resin layer 11 of the present embodiment includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer that is formed on at least one surface of the substrate 12 and has a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass.

The resin used as the reinforcing resin layer 11 needs to have a high water vapor permeability and an excellent extrusion lamination suitability. From such a viewpoint, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used as a material for forming the reinforcing resin layer 11. In particular, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass and an MI of 15 to 45% is suitable.

Those vinyl acetate content of not more than 10 wt% moisture permeability 100g / m ² / 24hr (temperature 40 ° C., 90% RH, thickness 25.mu.) and moisture permeability is small, the moisture in the cultivation soil atmosphere Since it cannot be released, it lacks practicality and is not preferable. On the other hand, when the vinyl acetate content is 30% by mass or more, the slipperiness of the extruded film is poor and it is difficult to produce the product, and the vinyl acetate odor becomes strong, which is not practically preferable. As described above, the vinyl acetate content is 10 mass% or more and 30
When an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a mass% or less is used, an appropriate moisture permeability necessary for an agricultural sheet material can be obtained.

The thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer forming the reinforcing resin layer 11 is preferably as thin as possible because moisture permeability becomes large. However, if it is too thin, there is a problem in terms of workability during lamination processing and strength as a reinforcing material. Occurs. On the other hand, when the thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer forming the reinforcing resin layer 11 is increased, there is no problem in terms of workability at the time of lamination processing and strength as a reinforcing material, but moisture permeability is lowered, which is not preferable. . The thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is suitably 30 μm or more and 50 μm or less when laminated with the substrate 12.

Moreover, it is preferable to form the outer surface opposite to the base material 12 of the reinforcing resin layer 11 as a mat surface. By using the mat surface, stacking during manufacturing and storage can be prevented.
Moreover, by using a mat-like outer surface, the reinforcing resin layer 11 becomes opaque and white, and the substrate 12
When the whiteness is increased and used as the agricultural sheet 1, more excellent scattering reflection can be obtained.

[Agricultural sheet]
An agricultural sheet 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in FIG.
The agricultural sheet 1 of the present embodiment is an agricultural sheet 1 including at least a base material 12 and a reinforcing resin layer 11 formed on at least one surface of the base material 12. The substrate 12 is
Including a polypropylene resin, containing one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, a porosity of 35% to 60%, and a thickness of 30 μm to 90 μm, The reinforcing resin layer 11 includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass.

In this embodiment, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a high vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass is used as the reinforcing resin layer 11. For this reason, the problem that the adhesive strength of the base material 12 and the reinforcement resin layer 11 is weak arises. Therefore, you may provide the anchor coat layer 13 in order to improve the adhesiveness with the reinforcement resin layer 11 in the surface laminated | stacked with the reinforcement resin layer 11 of the base material 12. FIG. By providing the anchor coat layer 13 made of a modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or the like on the laminated surface of the base material 12 with respect to the polypropylene of the base material 12, it is possible to prevent a decrease in adhesive strength.
That is, as described in FIG. 1, the base material 12, the anchor coat layer 13, and the reinforcing resin layer 11 are laminated in order from the surface.

As the anchor coat layer 13, a modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or the like is suitable. For example, ADCOAT AD-37P295 (Toyo Morton) can be suitably used.

(Antistatic agent)
The resin forming each layer of the agricultural sheet 1 of the present invention can be kneaded or coated with an antistatic agent as necessary. As these antistatic agents, for example, cationic antistatic agents such as amines, imidazolines, amine oxide ethylene adducts, quaternary ammonium salts, anionic antistatic agents such as phosphates, alkylallylphosphonic acids, adipic acid, glutamic acid, Nonionic antistatic agents such as polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohol esters, higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts, polyethers, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, glycerin esters of fatty acids, fatty acid amides and their ethylene oxide adducts, and cationic groups For example, a guanidine salt having both an anionic group and maleic anhydride on an alkylamine, an amphoteric antistatic agent such as a sulfonic acid derived from polyethyleneimine, and the like can be used.

More preferable antistatic agents include alkyl diethanolamine, hydroxyalkyl monoethanolamine, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester,
Alkyl sulfonic acid soda, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid soda, tetraalkylammonium perchlorate, and the like can be used.

One of these may be selected depending on the glass transition point of the thermoplastic resin and processing conditions such as extrusion stretching, and these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
Further, kneading and coating may be performed simultaneously.

In the agricultural sheet 1 of the present invention, a white ink layer may be provided and used as a light scattering coating layer for the purpose of improving the ultraviolet or infrared light reflectance in a wavelength region effective for plant growth. With this light scattering coating layer, the light reflectance in the wavelength region effective for plant growth is set to 100.
% Can be improved.

The agricultural sheet 1 according to the present embodiment uses an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less for the reinforcing resin layer 11, and thus has excellent durability. In addition, there is water shielding. At the same time, the air permeability and moisture permeability are excellent, and as shown in FIG. 2, water (water vapor) evaporated from the cultivated soil (underground) 40 and carbon dioxide gas are permeated. It is trapped in the soil and does not adversely affect the growth, fruiting and fruit of the tree 20.

Moreover, even if it rains, rainwater does not reach the ground covered with the agricultural sheet 1 of the present embodiment and the roots of the trees 20 of the cultivated soil (underground) 40 as shown in FIG. The cultivated soil 40 can be kept dry.

At the same time, the agricultural sheet 1 of the present embodiment has high opacity and whiteness,
Since the surface of the sheet reflects sunlight and does not reach the bottom of the sheet, the growth of weeds is suppressed.

As described above, the agricultural sheet 1 of the present invention can be laid on the ground at the base of the tree 20 once regardless of the weather, so that it is not necessary to work on the sheet at all thereafter, and the workability is greatly improved. Is done.

(Usage as an agricultural sheet)
As shown in FIG. 2, the agricultural soil 40 is covered so as to cover the entire surface of the cultivated soil 40 and the drainage groove 30 under the tree 20 such as citrus fruits and peaches surrounded and separated by the drainage groove 30 for agricultural water. Spread sheet 1. Here, at the center of the area corresponding to each section, the rainwater reaches the root by cutting the sheet 1 at the trunk of the tree 20 and attaching the agricultural sheet 1 to the trunk of the tree 20 with plastic tape. Do not. Although it is desirable that there is no gap as much as possible between the outer periphery of the trunk of the tree 20 and the inner side of the central hole of the agricultural sheet 1, the rain is blocked by branches and leaves even if there is some, so the agricultural sheet 1 of the present invention. It does not diminish the action and effect of. In order to control the moisture of the soil and further bring out the effects of mulch cultivation, it is preferable to provide a drainage groove 30 for agricultural water on the ground.

The drainage grooves 30 may be provided vertically and horizontally in a lattice shape so as to surround the trees one by one, or may be provided so as to extend only in one direction. When the drainage grooves 30 are provided vertically and horizontally, the drainage efficiency is high and the cultivated soil 40
Although it is easy to control the water content, it takes labor to provide the drainage groove 30. Drainage channel 3
When 0 is extended only in one direction, drainage efficiency is somewhat lower than in the case of a lattice, but the desired moisture control of the cultivated soil 40 can be achieved, and the work of providing the drainage groove 30 is easy. Therefore, when a cultivated land for cultivating is planned from the beginning, when cultivating is planned at the time of rooting, a grid-shaped drainage groove 30 is provided, and it has already been produced as a tree. For example, when introducing multi-cultivation in an orchard, it is preferable to provide a drainage groove 30 in only one direction, and from the viewpoint of cost, the portion of the sheet positioned above the drainage groove is simply a water collection and Since only drainage is required, ordinary plastic sheets (vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene resin, etc.) can also be used.

[Example 1]
(Manufacture of base materials)
As a resin composition constituting the inner layer of the substrate 12, a propylene homopolymer (Nippon Polychem (
Co., Ltd., trade name: Novatec PP, MA-8, melting point: 164 ° C., 65.5% by mass, high density polyethylene (made by Nippon Polychem Co., Ltd., trade name: Novatec HD, HJ580, melting point: 134 ° C.
, Density 0.960 g / cm ³ ) 6.5% by mass and a resin composition composed of 28% by mass of calcium carbonate powder having an average particle size of 1.5 μm was obtained using an extruder. Next, this unstretched sheet was stretched 4 times in the longitudinal direction to obtain a uniaxially stretched sheet.

On the other hand, as the resin composition for the surface layer of the laminate constituting the outer layer of the substrate 12, the same material as above, 51.5% by mass of propylene homopolymer, 3.5% by mass of high density polyethylene, average particle diameter Titanium oxide powder 3 with 42% by mass of calcium carbonate powder of 1.5 μm and average particle size of 0.8 μm
A composition comprising% by mass is melt-kneaded using another extruder, extruded from both sides of the surface of the uniaxially stretched substrate obtained above, and laminated to form a layer structure, outer layer / inner layer / outer layer. A laminated sheet was obtained.

Next, this laminated sheet is stretched 7 times in the transverse direction and the ears are slit, and the substrate 1 contains fine voids of the outer layer (15 μm) / inner layer (40 μm) / outer layer (15 μm) having a thickness of 70 μm.
2 obtained. Under these conditions, the porosity of the entire substrate 12 was 55% and the opacity was 93%.
(Manufacture of reinforced resin layer)

In the state which applied the anchor coating agent to this base material 12, the agricultural sheet 1 of Example 1 was obtained by carrying out 30 micrometer extrusion coating of 18 mass% ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with a high vinyl acetate content rate.

[Example 2]
The same base material 12 as Example 1 was manufactured, and the agricultural sheet 1 of Example 2 was obtained by extrusion-coating 10 mass% ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with a high vinyl acetate content rate by 30 micrometers.

[Example 3]
The same base material 12 as Example 1 was manufactured, and the agricultural sheet 1 of Example 3 was obtained by extrusion-coating 30-micrometer ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with a high vinyl acetate content rate by 30 micrometers.

[Comparative Example 1]
A 70 μm base material was manufactured with the same resin configuration as in Example 1, and an agricultural sheet of Comparative Example 1 was obtained by extrusion coating of 8% by mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a low vinyl acetate content by 30 μm. .

[Comparative Example 2]
The same base material 12 as in Example 1 was produced, and an agricultural sheet of Comparative Example 2 was obtained by extrusion coating 18 μm of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a high vinyl acetate content.

(Measurement of substrate reflectance of visible light)
Ultraviolet / visible / near-infrared spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation UV-3600)
Using ISR-3100), the reflectance (total reflectance) in the visible region of 450 to 750 nm was measured at an incident angle of 8 degrees. The results are summarized in Table 1.
At this time, as a standard plate, “Spectralon” (manufactured by Teflon (registered trademark)) manufactured by Labsphere, USA, was selected and measured. This standard plate is a material that exhibits a reflectivity of 99% or more between 250 and 800 nm, and was used to accurately measure a material that exhibits a reflectivity close to 100%.

In addition, “◯” and “Δ” described in the determination column of Table 1 are “◯” when the minimum reflectance is 95% or more in the visible region, and those where the minimum reflectance is less than 95% in the visible region. A case was described as “Δ”.

From the results of Table 1, when the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer of the extruded resin is thin (Comparative Example 2),
It was found that the reflectance was insufficient.

(Measurement of moisture permeability)
The results of moisture permeability measured by the JIS-L1099 A-1 method are summarized in Table 2. “◯” and “Δ” in the determination column of Table 2 are “◯” when the moisture permeability is 100 g / m ² · day or more, and the moisture permeability is less than 100 g / m ² · day. The case where it was insufficient was described as “△”.

From the results of Table 2, it was found that the moisture permeability is insufficient when an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a low vinyl acetate content of 8% by mass is used as the reinforcing resin layer 11.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Agricultural sheet 11 Reinforcement resin layer 12 Base material 13 Anchor coat layer 20 Tree 30 Drainage groove 40 Cultivated soil (underground)

Claims (2)

A method of manufacturing an agricultural sheet,
A base material containing a polypropylene resin, containing one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, and having a porosity of 35% to 60% and a thickness of 30 μm to 90 μm is prepared. And
Including forming a reinforcing resin layer on at least one surface of the base material by extrusion coating an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass. The manufacturing method of the sheet | seat for agriculture characterized by these. After forming a resin containing a polypropylene resin and containing either one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, the substrate inner layer is formed by stretching in one direction,
The outer layer is formed on both surfaces of the base material inner layer by forming a resin containing a polypropylene resin and containing one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, and the outer layer / inner layer / outer layer. To obtain a laminated sheet consisting of
The method according to claim 1 , wherein the laminated sheet is stretched in a direction perpendicular to a stretching direction of the base material inner layer to form the base material.

Images