JP6102350B2 - boiler - Google Patents

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JP6102350B2
JP6102350B2 JP2013042834A JP2013042834A JP6102350B2 JP 6102350 B2 JP6102350 B2 JP 6102350B2 JP 2013042834 A JP2013042834 A JP 2013042834A JP 2013042834 A JP2013042834 A JP 2013042834A JP 6102350 B2 JP6102350 B2 JP 6102350B2
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damper
combustion
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boiler
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JP2014169837A (en
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裕明 池内
裕明 池内
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Miura Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、ボイラに関する。より詳細には、燃焼状態の変化に応じて好適な量の燃焼用空気を供給できるボイラに関する。   The present invention relates to a boiler. More specifically, the present invention relates to a boiler that can supply a suitable amount of combustion air in accordance with changes in the combustion state.

従来、燃料を燃焼させるバーナと、このバーナに燃料を供給する燃料供給装置と、バーナに燃焼用空気を供給する送風機と、を備え、複数の燃焼状態(燃焼率)で燃焼されるボイラにおいては、燃焼率に応じて燃焼に必要とされる空気の量が異なる。そこで、送風機を、ファンと、このファンを回転させるモータと、このモータの駆動(回転速度)を可変させるインバータと、を含んで構成し、燃焼率に応じてモータ(ファン)の回転速度を増減させることで適切な量の燃焼用空気をバーナに供給する技術が用いられている。   Conventionally, in a boiler that includes a burner that burns fuel, a fuel supply device that supplies fuel to the burner, and a blower that supplies combustion air to the burner and is burned in a plurality of combustion states (combustion rates) The amount of air required for combustion differs depending on the combustion rate. Therefore, the blower includes a fan, a motor that rotates the fan, and an inverter that varies the drive (rotation speed) of the motor, and increases or decreases the rotation speed of the motor (fan) according to the combustion rate. Thus, a technique for supplying an appropriate amount of combustion air to the burner is used.

このように、ファンの回転速度の増減により燃焼用空気の供給量を調整する場合、燃焼率の低い状態では、ファンの回転速度を減少させることで燃焼用空気の供給量を少なくしている。しかしながら、ファンの回転速度を減少させて燃焼用空気の供給量を少なくした場合、バーナに供給される燃焼用空気の供給圧が弱くなり、燃焼状態が安定しにくい場合があった。   Thus, when adjusting the supply amount of combustion air by increasing / decreasing the rotational speed of the fan, the supply amount of combustion air is reduced by decreasing the rotational speed of the fan in a low combustion rate state. However, when the rotation speed of the fan is decreased to reduce the supply amount of combustion air, the supply pressure of the combustion air supplied to the burner becomes weak and the combustion state may be difficult to stabilize.

そこで、送風機の下流側にダンパを配置し、このダンパの開閉によっても燃焼用空気の供給量を調整する技術が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。特許文献1で提案された技術によれば、燃焼率の低い低燃焼位置においては、ファンの回転速度は所定の供給圧を保つように制御しながら、ダンパを開度の小さい閉状態にすることでバーナに供給される燃焼用空気の供給圧を保ちつつ、適切な量の燃焼用空気をバーナに供給する。また、燃焼率の高い高燃焼位置においては、ダンパを開度の大きい開状態にすると共にファンの回転速度も増加させて適切な量の燃焼用空気をバーナに供給する。   Therefore, a technique has been proposed in which a damper is disposed on the downstream side of the blower and the supply amount of combustion air is adjusted by opening and closing the damper (see, for example, Patent Document 1). According to the technique proposed in Patent Document 1, in a low combustion position with a low combustion rate, the damper is closed with a small opening while controlling the rotational speed of the fan to maintain a predetermined supply pressure. While maintaining the supply pressure of the combustion air supplied to the burner, an appropriate amount of combustion air is supplied to the burner. Further, at a high combustion position where the combustion rate is high, the damper is opened with a large opening and the rotational speed of the fan is increased to supply an appropriate amount of combustion air to the burner.

特開2006−138561号公報JP 2006-138561 A

特許文献1では、低燃焼位置及び高燃焼位置を含む多段階の燃焼位置で燃焼される段階値制御のボイラにおける燃焼用空気の供給量の制御技術が提案されている。
一方、近年、従来の段階値制御ボイラよりも細かく燃焼状態を制御可能なボイラが求められている。そして、ボイラの燃焼状態を細かく制御した場合、バーナに供給される燃焼用空気の量についても、燃焼状態の変化に応じてより細かな制御を行うことが求められる。
Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for controlling the supply amount of combustion air in a stage value control boiler that is burned at multi-stage combustion positions including a low combustion position and a high combustion position.
On the other hand, in recent years, there has been a demand for a boiler capable of controlling the combustion state more finely than a conventional step value control boiler. When the combustion state of the boiler is finely controlled, the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner is also required to be finely controlled according to the change in the combustion state.

従って、本発明は、燃焼状態の変化に応じて好適な量の燃焼用空気を供給できるボイラを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a boiler capable of supplying a suitable amount of combustion air according to changes in the combustion state.

本発明は、燃焼率を変更して燃焼可能なボイラであって、燃料を燃焼させるバーナと、ファンを有し、該ファンを回転させて前記バーナに燃焼用空気を供給する送風機と、前記バーナと前記送風機との間に配置され、所定の範囲の開度で開閉可能なダンパと、前記燃焼率の変化に応じて前記ダンパの開度及び前記ファンの回転速度を制御する制御部と、を備え、前記制御部は、第1範囲の燃焼率においては、前記ファンの回転速度を固定して、前記ダンパの開度により前記燃焼用空気の供給量を制御し、かつ、該第1範囲における前記燃焼率の変化速度が一定になるように前記ダンパの開閉速度を変化させるボイラに関する。   The present invention is a boiler capable of burning at a different combustion rate, having a burner that burns fuel, a fan, a blower that rotates the fan and supplies combustion air to the burner, and the burner And a damper that is disposed between the blower and that can be opened and closed within a predetermined range of opening, and a controller that controls the opening of the damper and the rotational speed of the fan in accordance with a change in the combustion rate. The control unit controls the supply amount of the combustion air according to the opening degree of the damper while fixing the rotation speed of the fan at a combustion rate in the first range, and in the first range. The present invention relates to a boiler that changes the opening / closing speed of the damper so that the change rate of the combustion rate is constant.

また、前記制御部は、前記開度が小さい範囲における前記ダンパの開閉速度よりも、前記開度が大きい範囲における前記ダンパの開閉速度を速くすることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the said control part makes the opening / closing speed of the said damper in the range with the said large opening degree faster than the opening / closing speed of the said damper in the range with the said small opening degree.

また、前記制御部は、前記開度が第1開度以下の範囲では、前記ダンパを第1速度で開閉させ、前記開度が前記第1開度を超えた範囲では、前記ダンパの開閉速度を前記第1速度から徐々に加速させることが好ましい。   The control unit opens and closes the damper at a first speed when the opening is less than or equal to the first opening, and opens and closes the damper when the opening exceeds the first opening. Is preferably gradually accelerated from the first speed.

また、前記制御部は、前記第1範囲の燃焼率よりも大きい第2範囲の燃焼率では、前記ダンパの開度を固定して、前記ファンの回転速度により前記燃焼用空気の供給量を制御することが好ましい。   In addition, the control unit controls the supply amount of the combustion air according to the rotational speed of the fan while fixing the opening of the damper at a combustion rate in the second range larger than the combustion rate in the first range. It is preferable to do.

また、ボイラは、燃焼率を連続的に変更可能な比例制御ボイラにより構成されることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that a boiler is comprised by the proportional control boiler which can change a combustion rate continuously.

本発明のボイラによれば、燃焼状態の変化に応じて好適な量の燃焼用空気を供給できる。   According to the boiler of the present invention, a suitable amount of combustion air can be supplied in accordance with changes in the combustion state.

本発明のボイラの一実施形態を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure showing typically one embodiment of the boiler of the present invention. ファンの回転速度を一定にした場合におけるダンパの開度と給気ダクトを流通する燃焼用空気の流量との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the opening degree of a damper when the rotational speed of a fan is made constant, and the flow volume of the combustion air which distribute | circulates an air supply duct. 燃焼率を20%〜40%まで変化させる場合における燃焼率とダンパの開度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between a combustion rate and the opening degree of a damper in the case of changing a combustion rate to 20%-40%. ダンパの開度とダンパを開閉させる速度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the opening degree of a damper, and the speed which opens and closes a damper. 燃焼率の変化と燃焼率の変化にかかる移行時間との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the change of a combustion rate, and the transition time concerning the change of a combustion rate.

以下、本発明のボイラの好ましい一実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。
本実施形態のボイラ1は、水を加熱して蒸気を生成する蒸気ボイラである。このボイラ1は、図1に示すように、缶体10と、缶体10に燃焼用空気を送り込む送風機20と、缶体10と送風機20とを接続し燃焼用空気が流通する給気ダクト30と、給気ダクト30に配置されるダンパ40と、給気ダクト30に燃料ガスを供給する燃料供給装置50と、缶体10から排出される燃焼ガスが流通する排気筒60と、缶体10に水を供給する給水路(図示せず)と、ボイラ1の燃焼状態を制御する制御部70と、を備える。
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the boiler of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The boiler 1 of the present embodiment is a steam boiler that generates steam by heating water. As shown in FIG. 1, the boiler 1 includes a can body 10, a blower 20 that sends combustion air to the can body 10, and an air supply duct 30 that connects the can body 10 and the blower 20 and through which combustion air flows. A damper 40 disposed in the air supply duct 30, a fuel supply device 50 that supplies fuel gas to the air supply duct 30, an exhaust pipe 60 through which the combustion gas discharged from the can body 10 circulates, and the can body 10 A water supply channel (not shown) for supplying water to the boiler and a control unit 70 for controlling the combustion state of the boiler 1 are provided.

缶体10は、図1に示すように、ボイラ筐体11と、複数の水管12と、下部ヘッダ13と、上部ヘッダ14と、バーナ15と、を備える。
ボイラ筐体11は、缶体10の外形を構成し、平面視矩形形状の直方体状に形成される。このボイラ筐体11の長手方向の一端側に位置する第1側面11aには、給気口16が形成され、ボイラ筐体11の長手方向の他端側に位置する第2側面11bには、排気口17が形成される。
As shown in FIG. 1, the can 10 includes a boiler housing 11, a plurality of water pipes 12, a lower header 13, an upper header 14, and a burner 15.
The boiler housing | casing 11 comprises the external shape of the can 10, and is formed in the rectangular parallelepiped shape of planar view. An air supply port 16 is formed in the first side surface 11a located on one end side in the longitudinal direction of the boiler casing 11, and a second side surface 11b located on the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the boiler casing 11 is An exhaust port 17 is formed.

複数の水管12は、ボイラ筐体11の内部に上下方向に延びて配置されると共に、ボイラ筐体11の長手方向及び幅方向に所定の間隔をあけて配置される。
下部ヘッダ13は、ボイラ筐体11の下部に配置される。下部ヘッダ13には、複数の水管12の下端部が接続される。
The plurality of water pipes 12 are disposed so as to extend in the vertical direction inside the boiler housing 11 and are disposed at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the boiler housing 11.
The lower header 13 is disposed at the lower part of the boiler casing 11. The lower header 13 is connected to the lower ends of the plurality of water pipes 12.

上部ヘッダ14は、ボイラ筐体11の上部に配置される。上部ヘッダ14には、複数の水管12の上端部が接続される。
バーナ15は、給気口16に配置される。
The upper header 14 is disposed on the upper portion of the boiler casing 11. The upper header 14 is connected to the upper ends of the plurality of water pipes 12.
The burner 15 is disposed in the air supply port 16.

送風機20は、ファン及びこのファンを回転させるモータを有する送風機本体21と、ファン(モータ)の回転数を増減させるインバータ22と、を備える。送風機20は、インバータ22に入力される周波数に応じて、ファンが所定の回転数で回転することで、缶体10に燃焼用空気を送り込む。   The blower 20 includes a blower body 21 having a fan and a motor that rotates the fan, and an inverter 22 that increases or decreases the number of rotations of the fan (motor). The blower 20 feeds combustion air into the can body 10 when the fan rotates at a predetermined rotation speed in accordance with the frequency input to the inverter 22.

給気ダクト30は、上流側の端部が送風機20に接続され、下流側の端部が給気口18に接続される。給気ダクト30は、送風機20から送り込まれた燃焼用空気を缶体10に供給する。
ダンパ40は、給気ダクト30の内部の燃焼用空気の流路を塞いだ閉状態と、この閉状態から90度回転し、給気ダクト30の内部の燃焼用空気の流路を開放した開状態との間で回転可能に配置される。
The air supply duct 30 has an upstream end connected to the blower 20 and a downstream end connected to the air supply port 18. The air supply duct 30 supplies the combustion air sent from the blower 20 to the can body 10.
The damper 40 is in a closed state in which the combustion air flow path inside the air supply duct 30 is closed and rotated 90 degrees from this closed state to open the combustion air flow path in the air supply duct 30. It is arranged to be rotatable between states.

燃料供給装置50は、ガス供給ライン51と、このガス供給ラインに設けられる調整弁52及びノズル53と、を備える。
ガス供給ライン51は、給気ダクト30におけるダンパ40が配置された位置よりも下流側に接続され、給気ダクト30に燃料ガスを供給する。
調整弁52は、給気ダクト30に供給される燃料ガスの流通量を調整する。
ノズル53は、ガス供給ライン51の先端部に配置され、給気ダクト30に燃料ガスを噴出する。
The fuel supply device 50 includes a gas supply line 51, and an adjustment valve 52 and a nozzle 53 provided in the gas supply line.
The gas supply line 51 is connected to the downstream side of the air supply duct 30 from the position where the damper 40 is disposed, and supplies the fuel gas to the air supply duct 30.
The adjustment valve 52 adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the air supply duct 30.
The nozzle 53 is disposed at the tip of the gas supply line 51 and ejects fuel gas into the air supply duct 30.

排気筒60は、排気口17に接続される。排気筒60は、缶体10の内部で燃料ガスが燃焼して生じた燃焼ガスを排出する。
制御部70は、缶体10への燃焼用空気の供給量及び燃焼ガスの供給量を制御することで、ボイラ1の燃焼状態(燃焼率)を制御し、ボイラ1による蒸気の生成量を調整する。
The exhaust tube 60 is connected to the exhaust port 17. The exhaust cylinder 60 discharges the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel gas inside the can 10.
The controller 70 controls the combustion state (combustion rate) of the boiler 1 by controlling the supply amount of combustion air and the supply amount of combustion gas to the can body 10 and adjusts the amount of steam generated by the boiler 1. To do.

以上のボイラ1によれば、送風機20により給気ダクト30に送り込まれた燃焼用空気は、ガス供給ライン51から供給された燃料ガスと混合され、燃料ガスと燃焼用空気との混合ガスがバーナ15から缶体10の内部に噴出され、燃焼される。そして、バーナ15による混合ガスの燃焼に伴って発生する熱により、下部ヘッダ13から複数の水管12の内部に供給された水が加熱され、蒸気が生成される。複数の水管12の内部において生成された蒸気は、上部ヘッダ14に集合された後、蒸気導出管(図示せず)を介して外部に導出される。また、混合ガスの燃焼により生じた燃焼ガスは、排気筒60から外部に排出される。   According to the boiler 1 described above, the combustion air fed into the air supply duct 30 by the blower 20 is mixed with the fuel gas supplied from the gas supply line 51, and the mixed gas of the fuel gas and the combustion air is burned. 15 is injected into the inside of the can 10 and burned. And the water supplied with the combustion of the mixed gas by the burner 15 heats the water supplied from the lower header 13 to the inside of the plurality of water pipes 12, and generates steam. The steam generated in the plurality of water pipes 12 is collected in the upper header 14 and then led to the outside through a steam outlet pipe (not shown). Further, the combustion gas generated by the combustion of the mixed gas is discharged from the exhaust cylinder 60 to the outside.

次に、制御部70によるボイラ1の燃焼状態の制御の詳細について説明する。
制御部70は、ボイラ1が蒸気を供給する負荷機器による蒸気の消費量に応じて、ボイラ1の燃焼率を変更し、蒸気の生成量を調整する。
Next, details of the control of the combustion state of the boiler 1 by the control unit 70 will be described.
The control unit 70 changes the combustion rate of the boiler 1 according to the amount of steam consumed by the load equipment to which the boiler 1 supplies steam, and adjusts the amount of steam generated.

本実施形態では、ボイラ1は、燃焼率を連続的に変更可能な比例制御ボイラにより構成される。比例制御ボイラとは、少なくとも、最小燃焼状態(例えば、最大燃焼量の20%の燃焼率における燃焼状態)から最大燃焼状態の範囲で、燃焼率が連続的に制御可能とされているボイラである。   In this embodiment, the boiler 1 is comprised by the proportional control boiler which can change a combustion rate continuously. The proportional control boiler is a boiler in which the combustion rate can be continuously controlled at least in the range from the minimum combustion state (for example, the combustion state at a combustion rate of 20% of the maximum combustion amount) to the maximum combustion state. .

本実施形態では、ボイラ1の燃焼停止状態と最小燃焼状態との間の燃焼率の変更は、ボイラ1(バーナ)の燃焼をオン/オフすることで制御される。そして、最小燃焼状態から最大燃焼状態の範囲においては、燃焼率が連続的に制御可能となっている。
尚、以下においては、燃焼率を20%〜100%の範囲で連続的に変更可能なボイラ1における燃焼状態の制御について説明する。
In this embodiment, the change of the combustion rate between the combustion stop state of the boiler 1 and the minimum combustion state is controlled by turning on / off the combustion of the boiler 1 (burner). In the range from the minimum combustion state to the maximum combustion state, the combustion rate can be controlled continuously.
In the following, control of the combustion state in the boiler 1 in which the combustion rate can be continuously changed in the range of 20% to 100% will be described.

制御部70は、インバータ22に入力する周波数を増減させることで、送風機20のファンの回転速度を増減させ、給気ダクト30に送り込む燃焼用空気の量を制御する。また、制御部70は、ダンパ40の開度を制御することで、給気ダクト30の内部をバーナ15に向かって流れる燃焼用空気の量を制御する。   The controller 70 increases or decreases the rotational speed of the fan of the blower 20 by increasing or decreasing the frequency input to the inverter 22, and controls the amount of combustion air fed into the air supply duct 30. Further, the control unit 70 controls the amount of combustion air flowing through the air supply duct 30 toward the burner 15 by controlling the opening degree of the damper 40.

ここで、燃焼率の低い状態では、ファンの回転速度を減少させて燃焼用空気の供給量を少なくすると、バーナ15に供給される燃焼用空気の供給圧が弱くなり、燃焼状態が安定しにくい。そのため、本実施形態では、制御部70は、燃焼率の低い第1範囲(20%〜40%)においては、ファンの回転速度を固定し、ダンパ40の開度を調整することで、燃焼用空気の供給量を制御する。そして、制御部70は、燃焼率の高い第2範囲(40%〜100%)においては、ダンパ40の開度を固定(例えば、全開)し、ファンの回転速度を調整することで、燃焼用空気の供給量を制御する。   Here, in a state where the combustion rate is low, if the rotation speed of the fan is decreased to reduce the supply amount of the combustion air, the supply pressure of the combustion air supplied to the burner 15 becomes weak and the combustion state is difficult to stabilize. . Therefore, in this embodiment, the control unit 70 fixes the rotational speed of the fan and adjusts the opening degree of the damper 40 in the first range (20% to 40%) where the combustion rate is low. Control air supply. And in the 2nd range (40%-100%) with a high combustion rate, the control part 70 fixes the opening degree of the damper 40 (for example, fully open), adjusts the rotational speed of a fan, and is for combustion Control air supply.

ここで、図2に示すように、ファンの回転速度を一定の速度に固定してダンパ40の開度により燃焼用空気の流量を調整した場合、ダンパ40の開度が小さい範囲、即ち、ダンパ40が閉状態に近い範囲(例えば、開度が35度以下)では、ダンパ40の開度の変化に対する燃焼用空気の流通量の変化は大きくなる。   Here, as shown in FIG. 2, when the rotational speed of the fan is fixed at a constant speed and the flow rate of the combustion air is adjusted by the opening degree of the damper 40, the damper 40 has a small opening, that is, the damper. In the range where 40 is close to the closed state (for example, the opening degree is 35 degrees or less), the change in the flow rate of the combustion air with respect to the change in the opening degree of the damper 40 becomes large.

一方、ダンパ40の開度が大きい範囲、即ち、ダンパ40が開状態に近い範囲(例えば、開度が35度以上)では、ダンパ40の開度の変化に対する燃焼用空気の流通量の変化は小さくなる。
つまり、ダンパ40の開度が小さい状態では、少しの開度の変化で大きな燃焼用空気の流通量の変化があるのに対し、ダンパ40の開度が大きい状態では、開度の変化を大きくしないと燃焼用空気の流通量を大きく変化させられない。
そのため、燃焼率を20%〜40%まで変化させる場合における燃焼率とダンパ40の開度との関係は、図3に示すようになる。即ち、燃焼率を35%〜40%まで変化させる場合には、燃焼率を20%〜35%まで変化させる場合に比して、ダンパ40の開度を大きく変化させる必要がある。
On the other hand, in the range where the opening degree of the damper 40 is large, that is, in the range where the damper 40 is close to the open state (for example, the opening degree is 35 degrees or more), the change in the flow rate of combustion air with respect to the change in the opening degree of the damper 40 is Get smaller.
That is, when the opening degree of the damper 40 is small, there is a large change in the flow rate of combustion air with a slight change in the opening degree, whereas when the opening degree of the damper 40 is large, the change in the opening degree is large. Otherwise, the flow rate of combustion air cannot be changed greatly.
Therefore, the relationship between the combustion rate and the opening degree of the damper 40 when the combustion rate is changed from 20% to 40% is as shown in FIG. That is, when changing the combustion rate from 35% to 40%, it is necessary to change the opening degree of the damper 40 largely compared to changing the combustion rate from 20% to 35%.

そこで、制御部70は、第1範囲(20%〜40%)における燃焼率の変化速度が一定になるようにダンパ40の開閉速度を変化させる。具体的には、制御部70は、第1範囲のなかでも、ダンパ40の開度が小さい範囲(例えば、20度〜35度)の開閉速度よりも、ダンパ40の開度が大きい範囲(例えば、35度〜70度)の開閉速度を速くする。   Therefore, the control unit 70 changes the opening / closing speed of the damper 40 so that the change rate of the combustion rate in the first range (20% to 40%) is constant. Specifically, the control unit 70 includes a range in which the opening degree of the damper 40 is larger than the opening / closing speed in a range in which the opening degree of the damper 40 is small (for example, 20 degrees to 35 degrees). , 35 to 70 degrees) is increased.

より詳細には、制御部70は、図4に示すように、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度(例えば、35度)以下の範囲では、ダンパ40を第1速度(例えば、10deg/s)で開閉させ、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度を超えた範囲(例えば、35度〜70度の範囲)では、ダンパ40の開閉速度を第1速度から徐々に加速させる。即ち、第1開度を超えた範囲においては、この範囲の燃焼率の変化速度が、ダンパ40の開度の変化量と流通する燃焼用空気の変化量とが概ね比例している第1開度までの燃焼率の変化速度と等しくなるように、ダンパ40の開閉速度を加速させる。   More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the controller 70 moves the damper 40 to the first speed (for example, 10 deg / s) in the range where the opening degree of the damper 40 is not more than the first opening (for example, 35 degrees). In the range where the opening degree of the damper 40 exceeds the first opening degree (for example, a range of 35 degrees to 70 degrees), the opening / closing speed of the damper 40 is gradually accelerated from the first speed. That is, in the range exceeding the first opening, the rate of change of the combustion rate in this range is the first opening in which the amount of change in the degree of opening of the damper 40 is approximately proportional to the amount of change in the combustion air flowing. The opening / closing speed of the damper 40 is accelerated so as to be equal to the change rate of the combustion rate up to the degree.

これにより、本実施形態によれば、図5の実線部分に示すように、第1範囲(20%〜40%)において、燃焼率を変化させる速度を一定にでき、また、燃焼率を変化させる場合における移行時間を短縮できる。尚、図5の点線部分は、ダンパ40の開閉速度をすべての開度において第1速度に固定した場合における燃焼率の変化と移行時間との関係を示している。   Thereby, according to this embodiment, as shown to the continuous line part of FIG. 5, in the 1st range (20%-40%), the speed which changes a combustion rate can be made constant, and a combustion rate is changed. The transition time in the case can be shortened. 5 indicates the relationship between the change in the combustion rate and the transition time when the opening / closing speed of the damper 40 is fixed to the first speed at all opening degrees.

以上説明した本実施形態のボイラ1によれば、以下のような効果を奏する。
(1)燃焼率の低い状態では、ファンの回転速度を減少させて燃焼用空気の供給量を少なくすると、バーナ15に供給される燃焼用空気の供給圧が弱くなり、燃焼状態が安定しにくい。一方、ダンパ40の開度によりバーナ15に供給する燃焼用空気の量を調整する場合、ダンパ40の開度が小さい状態では、少しの開度の変化で大きな流通量の変化があるのに対し、ダンパ40の開度が大きい状態では、開度の変化を大きくしないと流通量を大きく変化させられない。そこで、制御部70に、燃焼率の低い第1範囲において、燃焼率の変化速度が一定になるようにダンパの開閉速度を変化させた。具体的には、制御部70に、開度が小さい範囲におけるダンパ40の開閉速度よりも、開度が大きい範囲におけるダンパ40の開閉速度を速くさせた。これにより、燃焼率の低い第1範囲においてボイラ1の燃焼状態を細かく制御した場合においても、燃焼状態の変化に応じてバーナ15に供給される燃焼用空気の量を適切に調整できる。また、燃焼率を変化させる場合における移行時間を短縮できる。
According to the boiler 1 of this embodiment demonstrated above, there exist the following effects.
(1) In a state where the combustion rate is low, if the rotation speed of the fan is decreased to reduce the supply amount of combustion air, the supply pressure of the combustion air supplied to the burner 15 becomes weak and the combustion state is difficult to stabilize. . On the other hand, when the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner 15 is adjusted by the opening degree of the damper 40, while the opening degree of the damper 40 is small, there is a large change in flow rate with a slight change in opening degree. In the state where the opening degree of the damper 40 is large, the flow rate cannot be changed greatly unless the change in the opening degree is increased. Therefore, the control unit 70 changes the opening / closing speed of the damper so that the change rate of the combustion rate becomes constant in the first range where the combustion rate is low. Specifically, the controller 70 is caused to make the opening / closing speed of the damper 40 in the large opening range faster than the opening / closing speed of the damper 40 in the small opening degree range. Thereby, even when the combustion state of the boiler 1 is finely controlled in the first range where the combustion rate is low, the amount of combustion air supplied to the burner 15 can be appropriately adjusted according to the change in the combustion state. Moreover, the transition time when changing the combustion rate can be shortened.

(2)図3に示すように、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度(約35度)以下の範囲では、燃焼率の変化量(燃焼用空気の変化量)と必要とされるダンパ40の開度の変化量とは概ね比例する。一方、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度を超えた範囲では、燃焼率の変化量に対して必要とされるダンパ40の開度の変化量は、指数関数的に大きくなる。そこで、制御部70に、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度以下の範囲では、ダンパ40を第1速度で開閉させ、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度を超えた範囲では、ダンパ40の開閉速度を第1速度から徐々に加速させた。これにより、第1範囲において、燃焼率を変化させる速度を容易に一定にできる。   (2) As shown in FIG. 3, in the range where the opening degree of the damper 40 is not more than the first opening degree (about 35 degrees), the amount of change in the combustion rate (the amount of change in the combustion air) and the required damper 40 The amount of change in the opening is generally proportional. On the other hand, in the range where the opening degree of the damper 40 exceeds the first opening degree, the change amount of the opening degree of the damper 40 required for the change amount of the combustion rate increases exponentially. Therefore, the control unit 70 opens and closes the damper 40 at the first speed when the opening degree of the damper 40 is less than or equal to the first opening degree, and when the opening degree of the damper 40 exceeds the first opening degree, the damper 40 is opened. Was gradually accelerated from the first speed. Thereby, in the 1st range, the speed which changes a combustion rate can be made constant easily.

(3)制御部70に、第1範囲の燃焼率よりも大きい第2範囲の燃焼率では、ダンパ40の開度を固定して、ファンの回転速度により燃焼用空気の供給量を制御させた。これにより、燃焼率の低い第1範囲においては、ダンパ40の開度の調整により、供給圧を下げることなく燃焼用空気をバーナ15に供給でき、燃焼率の高い第2範囲においては、ファンの回転速度を調整することで、適切な量の燃焼用空気をバーナ15に供給できる。よって、燃焼状態の変化に応じてより好適に燃焼用空気を供給できる。   (3) The controller 70 controls the supply amount of the combustion air by the rotation speed of the fan with the opening degree of the damper 40 fixed at the combustion rate in the second range larger than the combustion rate in the first range. . Thus, in the first range where the combustion rate is low, the combustion air can be supplied to the burner 15 without lowering the supply pressure by adjusting the opening of the damper 40, and in the second range where the combustion rate is high, the fan An appropriate amount of combustion air can be supplied to the burner 15 by adjusting the rotation speed. Therefore, combustion air can be more suitably supplied in accordance with changes in the combustion state.

以上、本発明のボイラの好ましい一実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、上述した実施形態に制限されるものではなく、適宜変更が可能である。
例えば、本実施形態では、本発明を、比例制御ボイラに適用したが、これに限らない。即ち、本発明を、燃焼率を段階的に変更して燃焼可能な段階値制御ボイラに適用してもよい。
As mentioned above, although one preferable embodiment of the boiler of this invention was described, this invention is not restrict | limited to embodiment mentioned above, It can change suitably.
For example, in the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to a proportional control boiler, but is not limited thereto. That is, the present invention may be applied to a stage value control boiler capable of burning by changing the combustion rate in stages.

また、本実施形態では、制御部70に、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度以下の範囲では、ダンパ40を第1速度で開閉させ、ダンパ40の開度が第1開度を超えた範囲では、ダンパ40の開閉速度を第1速度から徐々に加速させたが、これに限らない。即ち、燃焼率とダンパの開度との相関関係に基づいて、燃焼率を変化させる速度を一定とするための関数を求め、この関数に基づいてダンパの開閉速度を変化させてもよい。   Further, in the present embodiment, the control unit 70 opens and closes the damper 40 at the first speed when the opening degree of the damper 40 is equal to or less than the first opening degree, and the opening degree of the damper 40 exceeds the first opening degree. In the range, the opening / closing speed of the damper 40 is gradually accelerated from the first speed, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, based on the correlation between the combustion rate and the opening degree of the damper, a function for making the speed for changing the combustion rate constant may be obtained, and the opening / closing speed of the damper may be changed based on this function.

1 ボイラ
15 バーナ
20 送風機
40 ダンパ
70 制御部
1 Boiler 15 Burner 20 Blower 40 Damper 70 Control Unit

Claims (5)

燃焼率を変更して燃焼可能なボイラであって、
燃料を燃焼させるバーナと、
ファンを有し、該ファンを回転させて前記バーナに燃焼用空気を供給する送風機と、
前記バーナと前記送風機との間に配置され、所定の範囲の開度で開閉可能なダンパと、
前記燃焼率の変化に応じて前記ダンパの開度及び前記ファンの回転速度を制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
第1範囲の燃焼率においては、前記ファンの回転速度を固定して、前記ダンパの開度により前記燃焼用空気の供給量を制御し、かつ、該第1範囲における前記燃焼率の変化速度が一定になるように前記ダンパの開閉速度を変化させるボイラ。
A boiler capable of burning at a different combustion rate,
A burner that burns fuel;
A blower having a fan and rotating the fan to supply combustion air to the burner;
A damper that is disposed between the burner and the blower, and that can be opened and closed at a predetermined range of opening;
A control unit that controls the opening degree of the damper and the rotational speed of the fan according to the change in the combustion rate,
The controller is
With the combustion rate in the first range, the rotational speed of the fan is fixed, the amount of combustion air supplied is controlled by the opening of the damper, and the rate of change of the combustion rate in the first range is A boiler that changes the opening and closing speed of the damper so as to be constant.
前記制御部は、前記開度が小さい範囲における前記ダンパの開閉速度よりも、前記開度が大きい範囲における前記ダンパの開閉速度を速くする請求項1に記載のボイラ。   The boiler according to claim 1, wherein the control unit increases the opening / closing speed of the damper in a range where the opening degree is larger than the opening / closing speed of the damper in a range where the opening degree is small. 前記制御部は、
前記開度が第1開度以下の範囲では、前記ダンパを第1速度で開閉させ、
前記開度が前記第1開度を超えた範囲では、前記ダンパの開閉速度を前記第1速度から徐々に加速させる請求項1又は2に記載のボイラ。
The controller is
In the range where the opening is not more than the first opening, the damper is opened and closed at a first speed,
The boiler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the opening / closing speed of the damper is gradually accelerated from the first speed in a range where the opening degree exceeds the first opening degree.
前記制御部は、前記第1範囲の燃焼率よりも大きい第2範囲の燃焼率では、前記ダンパの開度を固定して、前記ファンの回転速度により前記燃焼用空気の供給量を制御する請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のボイラ。   The control unit controls the supply amount of the combustion air according to a rotation speed of the fan while fixing the opening degree of the damper at a combustion rate in a second range larger than the combustion rate in the first range. Item 4. The boiler according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 燃焼率を連続的に変更可能な比例制御ボイラにより構成される請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のボイラ。   The boiler in any one of Claims 1-4 comprised by the proportional control boiler which can change a combustion rate continuously.
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