JP6095047B2 - Window reflection evaluation method - Google Patents
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims description 64
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Description
本発明は、窓映り性の評価方法に関し、特に自動車用フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の窓映り性を評価する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating window reflectivity, and more particularly to a method for evaluating window reflectivity of an instrument panel surface on an automotive windshield.
自動車用フロントガラスにおいては、フロントガラスにインパネ（インスツルーメントパネル）の表面が映り込む、いわゆる「窓映り」を生じることが一般的に知られている。この種の映り込み自体は運転者の視界を遮るものではなく、安全上の問題は特に生じないが、その映り込みの位置や程度によっては、運転者に違和感や不快感を与えるおそれがある。そのため、過度な窓映りの抑制を図るべく、種々の取り組みがなされている。 In an automotive windshield, it is generally known that a so-called “window reflection” occurs in which the surface of an instrument panel (instrument panel) is reflected on the windshield. This kind of reflection itself does not obstruct the driver's field of view and does not cause any safety problem, but depending on the position and degree of the reflection, the driver may feel uncomfortable or uncomfortable. For this reason, various efforts have been made to suppress excessive window projection.
ここで、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みの度合いは、インパネ表面の明度が高まるにつれて強くなる（窓映り性が悪化する）ことが知られており、その一方で、インパネ表面は意匠的な側面を有するために、最低限の明度を持たせる必要が生じる。そこで、例えば下記特許文献１には、フロントガラスの反射率を低減することで、インパネ表面の高明度化とフロントガラスへの映り込みの抑制とを図ったものが提案されている。あるいは、下記特許文献２には、フロントガラスの反射率を所定値以下に抑制すると共に、グロス値で表されるインパネ表面の光沢度を所定値以下に設定することで、インパネ表面の高明度化とフロントガラスへの映り込みの抑制とを図ったものが提案されている。 Here, it is known that the degree of reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield increases as the brightness of the instrument panel surface increases (window reflection property deteriorates), while the instrument panel surface is In order to have a side surface, it is necessary to have a minimum brightness. Therefore, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228688 proposes a technique for increasing the brightness of the instrument panel surface and suppressing the reflection on the windshield by reducing the reflectance of the windshield. Alternatively, in Patent Document 2 below, the reflectance of the windshield is suppressed to a predetermined value or less, and the glossiness of the instrument panel surface represented by the gloss value is set to a predetermined value or less, thereby increasing the brightness of the instrument panel surface. In order to suppress the reflection on the windshield, it has been proposed.
ところで、上述のようにフロントガラスへの映り込みを抑制するための対策を実際に実施するためには、その前提として、上記映り込みの度合いを定量的かつ適切に評価する必要が生じる。定量的かつ適切に評価できなければ、対策の効果についても適切に評価できないためである。ここで、明度と窓映り性との関係については、上述のように正の相関がある（明度が高いほど窓映り性も悪化する）ことは知られているものの、これは、あくまで経験則的に把握されているものであり、窓映り性を定量的に評価したものではなかった。すなわち、従来は、車体にフロントガラスやインパネを組付けた状態で作業者が実際に運転席からフロントガラスを見て、インパネ表面の映り込みの度合いを目視で確認することにより、窓映り性の評価を行っていたに過ぎず、窓映り性を適切な指標でもって定量的に評価したものはなかった。 By the way, in order to actually implement the measures for suppressing the reflection on the windshield as described above, it is necessary to quantitatively and appropriately evaluate the degree of the reflection as a precondition. This is because the effectiveness of the countermeasures cannot be properly evaluated unless they can be quantitatively and appropriately evaluated. Here, regarding the relationship between brightness and window reflectivity, it is known that there is a positive correlation as described above (the higher the brightness, the worse the window reflectivity), but this is only empirical. However, it was not a quantitative evaluation of window reflection. In other words, in the past, when the windshield and the instrument panel were assembled to the vehicle body, the operator actually viewed the windshield from the driver's seat and visually confirmed the degree of reflection on the instrument panel surface. There was only an evaluation, and none of the window projection properties were evaluated quantitatively with an appropriate index.
上記特許文献２には、窓映り性の評価指標として、グロス値を使用することが記載されているが、ここでいうグロス値はあくまでインパネ表面の物理的性質である光沢度を示すものであって、フロントガラスへ映り込んだ状態での乗員の所感（まぶしさ、違和感、不快感）を反映した指標ではない。そのため、インパネ表面の形態や性状によっては、グロス値でもって窓映り性を適切に評価することは難しかった。 In the above-mentioned Patent Document 2, it is described that a gloss value is used as an evaluation index of window reflection. However, the gloss value here indicates glossiness which is a physical property of the instrument panel surface. Therefore, it is not an index that reflects the occupant's feeling (glare, discomfort, discomfort) when reflected on the windshield. Therefore, depending on the form and properties of the instrument panel surface, it has been difficult to appropriately evaluate the window reflection property with the gloss value.
ここで、例えばフロントガラスに映り込んだインパネ表面の像についての明度を評価指標として、フロントガラスへの窓映り性を評価する方法が考えられる。この場合、上記像における明度はフロントガラスへの映り込みの度合いをある程度反映したものとなるので、当該明度でもってフロントガラスへの窓映り性を評価できるようにも思われる。しかしながら、実際に種々の形態のインパネとフロントガラスとの組み合わせについて、明度と窓映り性との関係を調べたところ、インパネ表面の映り込みに係る像の明度が比較的低い場合であっても、当該映り込みを「煩わしい」と感じることがあることがわかった。これでは、上記明度が、窓映り性の評価指標として適切とは言い難い。 Here, for example, a method of evaluating window reflection on the windshield using the brightness of the image of the instrument panel surface reflected on the windshield as an evaluation index can be considered. In this case, since the brightness in the image reflects the degree of reflection on the windshield to some extent, it seems that the window reflection on the windshield can be evaluated with the brightness. However, for the combination of the instrument panel and the windshield in various forms, when examining the relationship between brightness and window reflection, even when the brightness of the image related to the reflection of the instrument panel surface is relatively low, It was found that the reflection sometimes felt “inconvenient”. In this case, it is difficult to say that the lightness is appropriate as an evaluation index for window reflection.
以上の事情に鑑み、本発明により解決すべき課題は、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の窓映り性を、定量的かつ適切に評価することにある。 In view of the above circumstances, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to quantitatively and appropriately evaluate the window reflectivity of the instrument panel surface on the windshield.
前記課題の解決は、本発明に係る窓映り性の評価方法によって達成される。すなわち、この評価方法は、自動車用フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の窓映り性を評価する窓映り性の評価方法であって、日光又は日光を模した光を所定角度でフロントガラスに入射させた際にフロントガラスの車内側の表面に映り込んだインパネ表面の像を撮像する撮像工程と、撮像工程で撮像して得たインパネ表面の画像について、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出する明暗差算出工程と、明暗差算出工程で算出した輝度差又は明度差に基づいて、窓映り性の評価を行う窓映り性評価工程とを具備する点をもって特徴付けられる。 The solution of the above problem is achieved by the method for evaluating window reflection according to the present invention. In other words, this evaluation method is a window reflection property evaluation method for evaluating the window reflection property of the instrument panel surface on a windshield for an automobile, and when sunlight or light imitating sunlight is incident on the windshield at a predetermined angle. in an imaging step of imaging the image of the vehicle's reflected on the surface of the side instrument panel surface of the windshield, the image of the instrument panel surface imaged by the imaging step, the convex portion and the concave portion constituting the grain of the instrument panel surface A light / dark difference calculation step for calculating a light / dark difference as a luminance difference or a lightness difference, and a window reflection evaluation step for evaluating window reflection based on the luminance difference / lightness difference calculated in the light / dark difference calculation step Is characterized by
このように、本発明は、インパネ表面の形態や表面性状によらず、窓映りによって運転者が感じる煩わしさと相関の高い新たな評価指標を見出し、この評価指標に基づき窓映り性の新たな評価手法を構築したことを特徴とする。すなわち、本発明者らは、複数の種類のインパネ表面とフロントガラスとの組み合わせについて、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みに対して煩わしさを感じるか否かにつき詳細に評価したところ、フロントガラスに映り込んだインパネ表面の像について、特にインパネ表面に設けたシボの凸部に対応する領域と凹部に対応する領域とで明暗差が大きい場合に、フロントガラスへの映り込みを煩わしいと感じる傾向があることを見出した。そこで、シボを構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差に着目し、官能評価である窓映りの煩わしさとの関係をさらに調べたところ、上記明暗差を輝度差又は明度差で表したときに、これら輝度差又は明度差と、窓映りの煩わしさとの間に一定の相関があることが判明した。 As described above, the present invention finds a new evaluation index that is highly correlated with the troublesomeness felt by the driver by window projection regardless of the form and surface property of the instrument panel surface, and a new evaluation of window reflection performance based on this evaluation index. It is characterized by having constructed a method. That is, the present inventors evaluated in detail whether or not the combination of a plurality of types of instrument panel surfaces and the windshield feels bothersome about the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield. The instrument panel image reflected on the instrument panel tends to feel annoying to be reflected on the windshield, especially when there is a large difference in brightness between the area corresponding to the protrusion on the instrument panel and the area corresponding to the recess. Found that there is. Therefore, paying attention to the brightness difference between the convex part and the concave part constituting the wrinkle, and further investigating the relationship with the annoyance of window projection that is sensory evaluation, when the brightness difference or brightness difference is represented by a brightness difference or brightness difference, It has been found that there is a certain correlation between the difference in brightness or brightness and the annoyance of window projection.
本発明は以上の知見に基づき成されたもので、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みにおいて、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との間の明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出し、この算出した輝度差又は明度差に基づいて窓映り性の評価を行うことを特徴とする。具体的には、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みを撮像し、撮像して得た像について、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との間の明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出し、この算出した輝度差又は明度差に基づいて窓映り性の評価を行うことを特徴とする。輝度又は明度は反射面（映り込んだ像が現れる領域）の面積を考慮した光の強さの評価パラメータであり、かつ、上述のように窓映りの煩わしさとの間に一定の相関を示すことから、フロントガラスへ映り込んだインパネ表面の像についての明るさを定量的に評価するのに適していると考えられる。よって、輝度差又は明度差をシボの凹凸間の明暗差を評価するための指標として用いることで、輝度差又は明度差との間に高い相関を示す窓映り性を定量的かつ適切に評価することが可能となる。これにより、例えば輝度差又は明度差のしきい値を設定しておき、新たに生産を予定している車種につき窓映り状態を再現した際の上記輝度差又は明度差をしきい値と比較することで、窓映り性の良否に関する事前評価を行うことができる。これにより、例えば設計試作段階で、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みに対して運転者が煩わしさを感じるか否かを判定することができるので、窓映り性について問題がある場合には早期に設計変更を行うことで、生産開始までに要する期間を短縮することができ、コストダウンを図ることが可能となる。 The present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and in the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield, the brightness difference between the convex part and the concave part constituting the texture on the instrument panel surface is calculated as a luminance difference or a brightness difference. In addition, it is characterized in that the window reflection property is evaluated based on the calculated luminance difference or brightness difference. Specifically, the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield is imaged, and for the image obtained by imaging, the brightness difference between the convex part and the concave part constituting the texture on the instrument panel surface is defined as a luminance difference or brightness difference. It is characterized in that the window reflection property is evaluated based on the calculated luminance difference or brightness difference. Luminance or brightness is an evaluation parameter of light intensity considering the area of the reflective surface (the area where the reflected image appears), and shows a certain correlation with the annoyance of window projection as described above. Therefore, it is considered suitable for quantitatively evaluating the brightness of the instrument panel image reflected on the windshield. Therefore, by using the luminance difference or lightness difference as an index for evaluating the light / dark difference between the unevenness of the texture, the window reflection property showing a high correlation with the luminance difference or lightness difference is quantitatively and appropriately evaluated. It becomes possible. Thereby, for example, a threshold value of brightness difference or brightness difference is set, and the brightness difference or brightness difference when the windowed state is reproduced for a car model that is newly scheduled to be produced is compared with the threshold value. In this way, it is possible to make a prior evaluation regarding the quality of window reflection. This makes it possible to determine whether or not the driver feels troublesome with respect to the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield, for example, at the design trial stage. By changing the design, it is possible to shorten the time required to start production and to reduce the cost.
なお、上記しきい値の設定は、例えば以下の手順により行うことができる。まず、予め複数の種類の既存車種におけるインパネ表面のフロントガラスへの映り込みを撮像して得た像につき、シボを構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差（輝度差又は明度差）を算出すると共に、各窓映りを実際に見た際に感じる煩わしさの官能評価を行う。そして、これら複数の明暗差データと、対応する煩わしさの官能評価結果とから、輝度差又は明度差がこれ以上大きくなると、映り込みに対して煩わしさを感じると判断される値を見出すことで、しきい値の設定を行うことができる。 The threshold value can be set by the following procedure, for example. First, with respect to an image obtained by imaging the reflection on the windshield of the instrument panel surface in a plurality of types of existing vehicle models in advance, the light / dark difference (luminance difference or brightness difference) between the convex part and the concave part constituting the texture is calculated. At the same time, sensory evaluation of the annoyance felt when actually looking at each window projection is performed. Then, from these plurality of brightness difference data and the corresponding annoyance sensory evaluation result, when the luminance difference or the brightness difference is further increased, a value that is judged to be annoying to the reflection is found. Threshold values can be set.
また、本発明に係る窓映り性の評価方法は、明暗差算出工程において、さらに、複数の凸部及び凹部を含む所定面積のエリア単位で輝度又は明度を取得し、取得したエリア単位の輝度又は明度のうち最大値と最小値との差でもって、上記エリアレベルでの輝度差又は明度差を算出するものであってもよい。 Further, in the evaluation method of window reflectivity according to the present invention, in the brightness difference calculation step, the luminance or brightness is further obtained in units of areas of a predetermined area including a plurality of convex portions and concave portions, and The brightness difference or brightness difference at the area level may be calculated based on the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of brightness.
本発明は、フロントガラスに映り込むインパネ表面の像において、特にシボ構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差に着目してなされたものであるが、これと併せて、シボの凹凸レベルよりも広範なエリアレベルでの明暗差に着目して窓映り性を評価することも有効である。すなわち、フロントガラスに映り込んだインパネ表面の像について、シボの凸部や凹部を複数含む所定面積のエリア単位で輝度又は明度を取得し、取得したエリア単位の輝度又は明度のうち最大値と最小値との差でもって、上記エリアレベルでの輝度差又は明度差を算出することで、より広範な視点でフロントガラスを見た場合に感じる窓映りに対する煩わしさを併せて評価することができる。これは、例えばフロントガラスへ映り込んだインパネ上面の意匠（特に形状部分）に対して、乗員（運転者）が煩わしさを感じるか否かを評価する場合に有効である。 In the image of the instrument panel surface reflected on the windshield, the present invention has been made by paying particular attention to the difference in brightness between the convex and concave portions constituting the embossed surface. It is also effective to evaluate window reflection characteristics by paying attention to the difference in brightness at the area level. That is, for the image of the instrument panel image reflected on the windshield, the brightness or brightness is acquired in area units of a predetermined area including a plurality of embossed protrusions and recesses, and the maximum and minimum brightness or brightness of the acquired area units. By calculating the luminance difference or brightness difference at the area level based on the difference from the value, it is possible to evaluate the annoyance with respect to the windowing that is felt when the windshield is viewed from a wider viewpoint. This is effective, for example, when evaluating whether or not the occupant (driver) feels troublesome with respect to the design (particularly the shape portion) on the upper surface of the instrument panel reflected on the windshield.
あるいは、本発明に係る窓映り性の評価方法は、明暗差算出工程において、さらに、複数の凸部及び凹部を含む所定面積のエリア単位で輝度又は明度を取得すると共に、互いに隣接するエリア間での輝度又は明度の差を算出し、算出した輝度又は明度の差の最大値をエリアレベルでの輝度差又は明度差とするものであってもよい。 Alternatively, the window reflection property evaluation method according to the present invention further includes obtaining brightness or brightness in units of a predetermined area including a plurality of convex portions and concave portions in the brightness difference calculating step, and between adjacent areas. The difference in brightness or brightness may be calculated, and the calculated maximum brightness or brightness difference may be used as the brightness difference or brightness difference at the area level.
この手法によれば、シボの凹凸レベルより広範な視点でフロントガラスを見たときに、その明るさ（輝度又は明度）が急激に変動する箇所が存在し、かつこの変動箇所から窓映りに対する煩わしさを感じるか否かを効果的に評価することができる。例えば、インパネ上面の意匠ライン（キャラクタライン）が映り込んだ際に、当該ラインを境として明暗差が明確に視認される場合、上述のように、エリア単位で輝度又は明度を取得すると共に、互いに隣接するエリア間での輝度又は明度の差を算出し、算出した輝度又は明度の差の最大値をエリアレベルでの輝度差又は明度差とすることで、意匠ラインに起因して生じる窓映りの煩わしさを適正に評価することができる。 According to this method, when the windshield is viewed from a wider viewpoint than the unevenness level of the wrinkles, there are places where the brightness (luminance or brightness) fluctuates abruptly, and there is annoyance to window projection from this fluctuating place. It is possible to effectively evaluate whether or not it is felt. For example, when a design line (character line) on the top surface of the instrument panel is reflected, if brightness difference is clearly visually recognized with the line as a boundary, as described above, brightness or brightness is acquired in area units, and The difference in brightness or brightness between adjacent areas is calculated, and the maximum value of the calculated brightness or brightness difference is used as the brightness difference or brightness difference at the area level. Annoyance can be appropriately evaluated.
自動車用インパネを射出成形で形成する場合、射出成形品の表面に塗装を施す場合と、射出成形面をそのまま製品（インパネ）の表面として使用する場合とがある。塗装を施す場合には、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部何れの表面も塗膜により覆われるため、凸部の表面性状と凹部の表面性状（表面粗さやうねりなど）は塗布の前後で均一化され易い。これに対して、未塗装のインパネの場合には、成形金型の成形面性状がそのまま射出成形品の表面性状に反映されるために、金型に対する成形面の形成手法如何によっては、凸部と凹部とで表面性状が大きく異なる事態が想定される。表面性状の違いは光の反射態様（反射率など）に影響すると考えられるため、インパネが未塗装の射出成形品の場合には、窓映り性について、より詳細かつ慎重な検討が必要である。 When the instrument panel for automobiles is formed by injection molding, there are cases where the surface of the injection molded product is coated and cases where the injection molded surface is used as it is as the surface of the product (instrument panel). When applying paint, the surface of both the convex and concave parts that make up the texture on the instrument panel surface is covered with the coating film, so the surface properties of the convex parts and the surface properties of the concave parts (surface roughness, waviness, etc.) It is easy to make uniform. On the other hand, in the case of an unpainted instrument panel, the molding surface properties of the molding die are directly reflected in the surface properties of the injection molded product. It is assumed that the surface properties are greatly different between the concave portion and the concave portion. Since the difference in surface properties is thought to affect the light reflection mode (reflectance, etc.), in the case of an injection-molded product whose instrument panel is not yet painted, more detailed and careful examination is required for the window reflection property.
以上の点に鑑み、本発明では、射出成形面でインパネ表面が形成される自動車用インパネとして、対応するフロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みを撮像して得た像において、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との輝度差が最大で１５ｃｄ／ｍ2以下であるものを採用した。これは、実際に窓映りに対して煩わしさを感じるか否かにつき、インパネの種類を代えて検証したところ、詳細な実験結果は割愛するが、凸部と凹部との輝度差が最大で１５ｃｄ／ｍ2以下に収まっていれば、インパネ表面の窓映りに対して煩わしさを感じることはないことが判明したことによる。よって、上記輝度差が最大で１５ｃｄ／ｍ2以下となるように製造した自動車用インパネであれば、実際の使用時、インパネ表面がフロントガラスに映り込むことで運転者が煩わしさを感じる事態を回避することができ、快適性の向上を図ることが可能となる。また、輝度（輝度差）は絶対値であり、かつ明度と比べて煩わしさに係る官能評価との間により高い相関を示すことから、より信頼性の高い評価に基づきインパネの設計、選定を行うことができる。 In view of the above points, in the present invention, as an instrument panel for an automobile in which an instrument panel surface is formed on an injection molding surface, in an image obtained by imaging the reflection of the instrument panel surface on a corresponding windshield, The thing whose brightness | luminance difference of the convex part and recessed part to comprise is 15 cd / m < 2 > or less at maximum was employ | adopted. This was verified by actually changing the instrument panel type as to whether or not the user actually feels annoyed with the window projection. However, the detailed experimental results are omitted, but the brightness difference between the convex part and the concave part is 15 cd at the maximum. This is because it has been found that if it is less than / m 2, the user will not feel bothered by the window reflection on the instrument panel surface. Therefore, in the case of an automotive instrument panel manufactured so that the brightness difference is 15 cd / m 2 or less at the maximum, the situation where the driver feels annoyed when the instrument panel surface is reflected on the windshield in actual use. This can be avoided and the comfort can be improved. In addition, the brightness (brightness difference) is an absolute value, and shows a higher correlation with the sensory evaluation related to annoyance than brightness, so the instrument panel is designed and selected based on a more reliable evaluation. be able to.
また、前記課題の解決は、本発明に係る窓映り性の評価装置によっても達成される。すなわち、この評価装置は、自動車用フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の窓映り性を評価するための装置であって、フロントガラスと、インパネ表面を有する部材とを車体組立て時の位置関係で保持可能な保持部と、フロントガラスに光を照射する照射部と、照射部の照射により生じるフロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みを撮像する撮像部と、撮像部で撮像することにより得た画像に基づき、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出する明暗差算出部と、明暗差算出部で算出した輝度差又は明度差に基づいて、窓映り性の評価を行う窓映り性評価部とを具備する点をもって特徴付けられる。 Moreover, the solution of the above-described problem is achieved by the window reflection evaluation apparatus according to the present invention. That is, this evaluation apparatus is an apparatus for evaluating the window reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield for an automobile, and can hold the windshield and the member having the instrument panel surface in a positional relationship when the vehicle body is assembled. Based on the image obtained by imaging with the holding unit, the irradiation unit that irradiates the windshield with light, the imaging unit that reflects the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield caused by the irradiation of the irradiation unit, Based on the brightness difference or brightness difference calculated by the brightness difference or brightness difference, and the brightness difference or brightness difference calculated as the brightness difference or brightness difference between the protrusions and recesses that make up the texture on the instrument panel surface, It is characterized by having a window reflectivity evaluation unit that performs evaluation.
この評価装置によれば、上述した本発明に係る評価方法と同様に、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の映り込みを撮像し、撮像して得た像について、インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との間の明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出し、この算出した輝度差又は明度差に基づいて窓映り性の評価を行い得る。これにより、窓映りの煩わしさとの間に一定の相関があり、かつフロントガラスへ映り込んだインパネ表面の像についての明るさを定量的に評価するのに適したパラメータ（輝度又は明度）を用いて窓映り性の評価を行うことができ、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の窓映り性を定量的かつ適切に評価することができる。これにより、例えば予め設定しておいた輝度差又は明度差のしきい値に基づき、新たに生産を予定している車種につき窓映り性の良否に関する事前評価を行うことができる。従って、窓映り性について問題がある場合には早期に設計変更を行うことができ、生産開始までに要する期間の短縮、ひいてはコストダウンを図ることが可能となる。また、インパネ表面を再現したもので足りるので、実際のインパネ全体を成形するための金型は窓映り性評価の時点では不要であり、これによっても無駄なコストの発生を抑えることができる。 According to this evaluation apparatus, in the same manner as the evaluation method according to the present invention described above, the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield is imaged. The brightness difference between the concave portion and the brightness difference can be calculated as a brightness difference or brightness difference, and the window visibility can be evaluated based on the calculated brightness difference or brightness difference. As a result, a parameter (luminance or brightness) suitable for quantitatively evaluating the brightness of the image of the instrument panel image reflected on the windshield has a certain correlation with the troublesomeness of the window projection. Thus, the window reflection property can be evaluated, and the window reflection property of the instrument panel surface on the windshield can be evaluated quantitatively and appropriately. Thereby, for example, based on a preset threshold value for luminance difference or lightness difference, it is possible to perform a preliminary evaluation on the quality of window reflection for a vehicle type that is newly scheduled for production. Therefore, if there is a problem with window reflectivity, the design can be changed at an early stage, and it is possible to shorten the period required for the start of production and thus reduce the cost. In addition, since it is sufficient to reproduce the instrument panel surface, a mold for molding the entire actual instrument panel is unnecessary at the time of window reflection evaluation, and it is possible to suppress the generation of unnecessary costs.
また、本発明に係る評価装置は、保持部が、インパネ表面の保持角度及びフロントガラスの保持角度を別個独立に調整可能な保持角度調整部を有するものであってもよい。 In the evaluation apparatus according to the present invention, the holding unit may include a holding angle adjusting unit that can independently adjust the holding angle of the instrument panel surface and the holding angle of the windshield.
この構成によれば、車種によらず、実際にインパネとフロントガラスとを車体に組付けた際の幾何学的関係を容易に再現できる。よって、本評価装置の汎用性をさらに高めて、これから生産を予定している新たな車種につき、設計段階での窓映り性の評価を容易かつ迅速に行うことができる。 According to this configuration, the geometric relationship when the instrument panel and the windshield are actually assembled to the vehicle body can be easily reproduced regardless of the vehicle type. Therefore, the versatility of this evaluation apparatus can be further enhanced, and the evaluation of window reflection at the design stage can be easily and quickly performed for a new vehicle model that is scheduled to be produced.
以上のように、本発明によれば、フロントガラスへのインパネ表面の窓映り性を、定量的かつ適切に評価することができる。また、上記窓映りに対して煩わしさを感じることのない自動車用インパネのみを提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to quantitatively and appropriately evaluate the window reflectivity of the instrument panel surface on the windshield. In addition, it is possible to provide only an instrument panel for an automobile that does not feel bothersome with respect to the window projection.
以下、本発明の一実施形態に係る窓映り性の評価方法を図１〜図４に基づき説明する。 Hereinafter, a method for evaluating window reflection according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る窓映り性の評価方法のフローチャートである。同図に示すように、この評価方法は、フロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３（後述する図３を参照）を撮像する撮像工程（Ｓ１）と、撮像工程（Ｓ１）で取得した像について、インパネ表面２のシボを構成する凸部４と凹部５（後述する図４を参照）との明暗差を輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）として算出する明暗差算出工程（Ｓ２）と、明暗差算出工程（Ｓ２）で算出した輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）に基づいて、窓映り性の評価を行う窓映り性評価工程（Ｓ３）と、窓映り性の評価に際して使用する輝度差又は明度差のしきい値を設定するしきい値設定工程（Ｓ４）とを具備する。 FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating window reflection according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this evaluation method was acquired in an imaging step (S1) for imaging the reflection 3 (see FIG. 3 described later) of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1, and an imaging step (S1). Brightness / darkness difference calculating step (S2) for calculating the brightness difference (D1) or brightness difference (D2) between the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5 (see FIG. 4 described later) constituting the texture on the instrument panel surface 2 for the image. ) And the brightness difference (D1) or brightness difference (D2) calculated in the light / dark difference calculation step (S2), the window reflection property evaluation step (S3) for evaluating the window reflection property, and the evaluation of the window reflection property And a threshold value setting step (S4) for setting a threshold value for luminance difference or lightness difference used at the time.
また、図２は、上記工程（Ｓ１）〜工程（Ｓ４）において使用可能な窓映り性の評価装置１０の全体構成を示す斜視図である。同図に示すように、この評価装置１０は、フロントガラス１と、インパネ表面２を有する部材６とを車体組立て時の位置関係で保持可能な保持部１１と、フロントガラス１に光Ｌを照射する照射部１２と、照射部１２の照射により生じるフロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３（図３）を撮像する撮像部１３と、撮像部１３で撮像することにより得た像につき所定の演算処理を施す演算処理部１４と、演算処理部１４で処理した結果を表示するディスプレイ１５とを具備する。以下、まず評価装置１０の各構成要素につき説明する。 FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the window reflection evaluation apparatus 10 that can be used in the steps (S1) to (S4). As shown in the figure, the evaluation device 10 irradiates the windshield 1 with light L, a holding portion 11 that can hold the windshield 1 and the member 6 having the instrument panel surface 2 in a positional relationship when the vehicle body is assembled. An imaging unit 13 that images the reflection 3 (FIG. 3) of the instrument panel surface 2 onto the windshield 1 generated by irradiation of the irradiation unit 12, and an image obtained by imaging by the imaging unit 13 is predetermined. The arithmetic processing unit 14 that performs the arithmetic processing and the display 15 that displays the result processed by the arithmetic processing unit 14 are provided. Hereinafter, each component of the evaluation apparatus 10 will be described first.
保持部１１は、図２に示すように、フレーム部１６と、フレーム部１６に支持され、インパネ表面２を有する板状部材６（図示は省略）を載置した状態で保持可能な載置台１７と、フロントガラス１を所定の角度で保持可能なガラス保持部材１８とを有する。載置台１７はヒンジ等で構成される連結部１９を介してフレーム部１６に連結されており、載置台１７を水平方向に対して所定の角度で傾斜させた状態で保持可能としている。ここで、ガラス保持部材１８と連結部１９は保持角度調整部として機能し、例えばガラス保持部材１８は、フロントガラス１の水平方向に対する傾斜角を０°〜８０°の範囲で５°単位で変更可能に構成される。また、連結部１９についても、載置台１７及び載置台１７上に載置される板状部材６の水平方向に対する傾斜角を−２０°〜２０°の範囲で変更可能に構成とされる。 As shown in FIG. 2, the holding portion 11 is supported by the frame portion 16 and the plate portion 16 that is supported by the frame portion 16 and can hold the plate-like member 6 (not shown) having the instrument panel surface 2. And a glass holding member 18 capable of holding the windshield 1 at a predetermined angle. The mounting table 17 is connected to the frame unit 16 via a connecting unit 19 formed of a hinge or the like, and can be held in a state where the mounting table 17 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal direction. Here, the glass holding member 18 and the connecting portion 19 function as a holding angle adjusting portion. For example, the glass holding member 18 changes the inclination angle of the windshield 1 with respect to the horizontal direction in a range of 0 ° to 80 ° in units of 5 °. Configured to be possible. Further, the connecting portion 19 is also configured to be able to change the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal direction of the mounting table 17 and the plate-like member 6 mounted on the mounting table 17 in a range of −20 ° to 20 °.
照射部１２は光源を有するもので、日光がフロントガラス１に入射する角度を想定して、例えば２０°〜８０°の範囲で光源の向きを調整可能に構成される。 The irradiation unit 12 includes a light source, and is configured to be capable of adjusting the direction of the light source in a range of 20 ° to 80 °, for example, assuming an angle at which sunlight enters the windshield 1.
撮像部１３は、受光部２０と、ＣＣＤなどの撮像素子（図示は省略）とを有するもので、例えば輝度計やデジタルカメラなどが相当する。受光部２０は、乗員、望ましくは運転手の目線で映り込み３を撮像可能な位置及び角度に設定される。また、撮像素子は、平面上に配置された複数の受光素子を有するイメージセンサであり、受光部２０で受光した映り込み１３に相当する光を二次元イメージとして光電変換可能に構成される。また、二次元デジタルイメージとして画像に変換した際、最小単位の一画素の大きさは、望ましくはシボを構成する個々の凸部４又は凹部５個々の面積レベル以下の面積となるように設定される。なお、撮像部１３による撮像領域は、少なくともフロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３全体を含んでおればよく、後述するエリアレベルでの明暗差取得を考慮して、上記撮像領域を拡大する等、適宜調整することも可能である。 The imaging unit 13 includes a light receiving unit 20 and an imaging device (not shown) such as a CCD, and corresponds to, for example, a luminance meter or a digital camera. The light receiving unit 20 is set to a position and an angle at which the reflection 3 can be imaged with the eyes of the passenger, preferably the driver. The imaging element is an image sensor having a plurality of light receiving elements arranged on a plane, and is configured so that light corresponding to the reflection 13 received by the light receiving unit 20 can be photoelectrically converted as a two-dimensional image. In addition, when converted into an image as a two-dimensional digital image, the size of one pixel of the minimum unit is desirably set to be an area equal to or less than the area level of each of the individual protrusions 4 or recesses 5 constituting the texture. The Note that the imaging area by the imaging unit 13 only needs to include at least the entire reflection 3 of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1, and the imaging area is enlarged in consideration of acquisition of a contrast difference at an area level described later. It is also possible to make adjustments as appropriate.
演算処理部１４は、図２に示すように、コンピュータなどのハードウエアに内蔵されるＣＰＵを有するもので、所定のプログラムを実行することにより、窓映り性に対する所定の評価を導出するものである。具体的に、演算処理部１４は、インパネ表面２のシボを構成する凸部４と凹部５（図４）との明暗差を輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）として算出する明暗差算出部（Ｍ１）と、明暗差算出部（Ｍ１）で算出した輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）に基づいて、窓映り性の評価を行う窓映り性評価部（Ｍ２）とを有する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the arithmetic processing unit 14 has a CPU built in hardware such as a computer, and derives a predetermined evaluation for window reflection by executing a predetermined program. . Specifically, the arithmetic processing unit 14 calculates the light / dark difference between the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5 (FIG. 4) constituting the texture on the instrument panel surface 2 as a luminance difference (D1) or a lightness difference (D2). Part (M1) and a window reflection property evaluation unit (M2) that evaluates window reflection property based on the luminance difference (D1) or brightness difference (D2) calculated by the light / dark difference calculation unit (M1).
明暗差算出部（Ｍ１）は、本実施形態では、シボの凸部４と凹部５との明暗差を算出する第一明暗差算出部（Ｍ１１）と、複数の凸部４及び凹部５を含む所定面積のエリア単位で輝度（ｄ１’）又は明度（ｄ２’）を取得すると共に、互いに隣接するエリア間での輝度又は明度の差を算出し、算出した輝度又は明度の差の最大値をエリアレベルでの明暗差とする第二明暗差算出部（Ｍ１２）とで構成される。 In the present embodiment, the light / dark difference calculation unit (M1) includes a first light / dark difference calculation unit (M11) that calculates a light / dark difference between the embossed convex part 4 and the concave part 5, and a plurality of convex parts 4 and concave parts 5. The luminance (d1 ′) or lightness (d2 ′) is acquired in units of areas of a predetermined area, the luminance or lightness difference between adjacent areas is calculated, and the maximum value of the calculated luminance or lightness difference is the area. And a second light / dark difference calculation unit (M12) for making a light / dark difference at the level.
このうち、第一明暗差算出部（Ｍ１）では、撮像部１３により取得した像（画像）について、凸部４又は凹部５に含まれる大きさのエリア単位（例えば個々の受光素子レベル、言い換えると１画素レベル）で輝度（ｄ１）又は明度（ｄ２）を取得すると共に、これら取得した輝度（ｄ１）又は明度（ｄ２）の最大値と最小値との差でもって、凸部４と凹部５との明暗差としての輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）を算出する。より具体的には、取得した１画素レベルでの輝度（ｄ１）のうち最も大きい値を示すデータ群（数十個）の平均値と、最も小さい値を示すデータ群（数十個）の平均値との差を算出し、これを凸部４と凹部５との輝度差（Ｄ１）とする。明度差（Ｄ２）についても同様の方法で算出する。 Among these, in the first light / dark difference calculation unit (M1), for the image (image) acquired by the imaging unit 13, the unit of area (for example, individual light receiving element level, in other words, the size included in the convex portion 4 or the concave portion 5). The luminance (d1) or lightness (d2) is acquired at one pixel level), and the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5 are obtained by the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the acquired luminance (d1) or lightness (d2). The brightness difference (D1) or brightness difference (D2) is calculated as the brightness difference. More specifically, the average of the data group (several tens) indicating the largest value and the average of the data group (several tens) indicating the smallest value among the acquired luminance (d1) at the one-pixel level. The difference with the value is calculated, and this is defined as the luminance difference (D1) between the convex part 4 and the concave part 5. The brightness difference (D2) is calculated by the same method.
窓映り性評価部（Ｍ２）は、上述した明暗差算出部（Ｍ１）で算出した明暗差としての輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明暗差（Ｄ２）と、しきい値設定工程（Ｓ４）で設定した輝度差又は明度差のしきい値とに基づき、窓映り性の良否の判定を行う。具体的には、明暗差算出部（Ｍ１）で算出した輝度差（Ｄ１）と、輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１）とを比較し、算出した輝度差（Ｄ１）がしきい値（Ｄｔ１）以下であれば、この際の映り込み３に対して乗員が煩わしさを感じないものと判定し、しきい値（Ｄｔ２）を超えていれば、煩わしさを感じるものと判定する。また、算出した輝度差が上述のように凹凸レベルのもの（Ｄ１）の場合には、対応する凹凸レベルの輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１）が使用され、算出した輝度差が凹凸レベルより広範なエリアレベルのもの（Ｄ１’）の場合には、対応するエリアレベルでの輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１’）が使用される。これらの窓映り性の評価（煩わしさの良否判定）は、凹凸レベルの輝度差（Ｄ１）のみについて行ってもよいし、凹凸レベルと併せて凹凸レベルより広範なエリアレベルの輝度差（Ｄ１’）について行ってもよい。もちろん、明度差の場合も同様に実行可能である。 The window reflectivity evaluation unit (M2) is set in the threshold value setting step (S4) and the luminance difference (D1) or brightness difference (D2) as the brightness difference calculated by the brightness difference calculation unit (M1) described above. Based on the threshold value of the brightness difference or the brightness difference, the quality of the window projection is determined. Specifically, the luminance difference (D1) calculated by the light / dark difference calculation unit (M1) is compared with the threshold value (Dt1) of the luminance difference, and the calculated luminance difference (D1) is the threshold value (Dt1). If it is below, it is determined that the occupant does not feel annoyed with the reflection 3 at this time, and if it exceeds the threshold value (Dt2), it is determined that the annoyance is felt. In addition, when the calculated brightness difference is of the unevenness level (D1) as described above, the corresponding unevenness level brightness difference threshold (Dt1) is used, and the calculated brightness difference is wider than the unevenness level. In the case of a high area level (D1 ′), the threshold value (Dt1 ′) of the luminance difference at the corresponding area level is used. The evaluation of window reflection (determination of annoyance) may be performed only for the unevenness level brightness difference (D1), or in addition to the unevenness level, the brightness difference of an area level wider than the unevenness level (D1 ′). ). Of course, the same can be done for the brightness difference.
次に、上記構成の評価装置１０を用いた窓映り性の評価方法の一例について説明する。 Next, an example of a method for evaluating window reflection using the evaluation apparatus 10 having the above configuration will be described.
（Ｓ１）撮像工程
まず、評価対象とすべきフロントガラス１とインパネ表面２を有する部材としての板状部材６を用意する。そして、図２に示すように、上述した評価装置１０の保持部１１に設けたガラス保持部材１８と載置台１７とにフロントガラス１とインパネ表面２を有する板状部材６をセットし、その角度（保持角度）を車体組付け時の状態に設定する。この状態で、照射部１２より日光を模した光Ｌを所定角度でフロントガラス１に入射させ、このうち、インパネ表面２で反射し、さらにフロントガラス１の内側面（車内側の表面）で車体後方側に向けて反射した光Ｌを車体後方側に設置した撮像部１３で撮像する。これにより、フロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３の像（ここでは画像）を取得する。
(S1) Imaging Step First, a plate-like member 6 is prepared as a member having a windshield 1 and an instrument panel surface 2 to be evaluated. And as shown in FIG. 2, the plate-shaped member 6 which has the windshield 1 and the instrument panel surface 2 is set to the glass holding member 18 and the mounting base 17 which were provided in the holding | maintenance part 11 of the evaluation apparatus 10 mentioned above, and the angle Set (holding angle) to the state when assembling the vehicle. In this state, the light L imitating sunlight from the irradiating unit 12 is incident on the windshield 1 at a predetermined angle, and is reflected by the instrument panel surface 2 and is further reflected by the inner surface of the windshield 1 (the vehicle interior surface). The light L reflected toward the rear side is imaged by the imaging unit 13 installed on the rear side of the vehicle body. Thereby, an image (here, an image) of the reflection 3 of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1 is acquired.
（Ｓ２）明暗差算出工程
こうして、映り込み３の像を取得したら、次に取得した像について、第一明暗差算出部（Ｍ１１）により、凸部４又は凹部５に含まれる大きさのエリア単位（例えばデジタル画像の場合における１画素レベル）で輝度（ｄ１）を取得すると共に、これら取得した輝度（ｄ１）の最大値と最小値との差でもって、凸部４と凹部５との明暗差としての輝度差（Ｄ１）を算出する。この実施形態では、取得した１画素レベルでの輝度（ｄ１）のうち最も大きい値を含むデータ群（２０〜３０個）の平均値と、最も小さい値を含むデータ群（同数）の平均値との差を算出し、これを凸部４と凹部５との輝度差、すなわち凹凸レベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１）として得る。
(S2) Brightness / Darkness Difference Calculation Step Once the image of the reflection 3 is acquired in this way, the area unit of the size included in the convex portion 4 or the concave portion 5 is obtained for the next acquired image by the first brightness / darkness difference calculation unit (M11). The luminance (d1) is acquired at (for example, one pixel level in the case of a digital image), and the difference in brightness between the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5 is obtained by the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the acquired luminance (d1). The luminance difference (D1) is calculated. In this embodiment, the average value of the data group (20 to 30) including the largest value among the acquired luminance (d1) at one pixel level, and the average value of the data group including the smallest value (the same number) Is obtained as a luminance difference between the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5, that is, a luminance difference (D1) at the concave-convex level.
また、この実施形態では、１画素レベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１）の算出と併せて、第二明暗差算出部（Ｍ１２）により、複数の凸部４及び凹部５を含む所定面積のエリア単位（例えば数百〜数千画素レベル）で輝度（ｄ１’）を取得すると共に、互いに隣接するエリア間での輝度の差を算出し、算出した輝度の差の最大値をエリアレベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１’）として得る。なお、この際のエリア単位での輝度（ｄ１’）は、例えば第一明暗差算出部（Ｍ１１）により取得される１画素レベルの輝度（ｄ１）の当該エリア内での平均値として取得される。 In this embodiment, in addition to the calculation of the luminance difference (D1) at the one-pixel level, the second brightness difference calculation unit (M12) performs area unit (a predetermined area including a plurality of convex portions 4 and concave portions 5). For example, the luminance (d1 ′) is acquired at a level of several hundred to several thousand pixels), the luminance difference between adjacent areas is calculated, and the maximum value of the calculated luminance difference is calculated as the luminance difference at the area level ( D1 ′). Note that the luminance (d1 ′) in area units at this time is acquired as, for example, the average value of the luminance (d1) of one pixel level acquired by the first brightness difference calculation unit (M11) in the area. .
（Ｓ３）窓映り性評価工程
このようにして凸部４と凹部５との輝度差（Ｄ１）を取得したら、この輝度差（Ｄ１）と、しきい値設定工程（Ｓ４）で予め設定した輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１）との比較により、映り込み３に対する煩わしさの存否を判定する。この実施形態では、第一明暗差算出部（Ｍ１１）で算出した凹凸レベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１）と、対応する輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１）とを比較し、算出した輝度差（Ｄ１）がしきい値（Ｄｔ１）以下であれば、この際の映り込み３に対して乗員が煩わしさを感じないものと判定し、しきい値（Ｄｔ１）を超えていれば、煩わしさを感じるものと判定する。同様に、第二明暗差算出部（Ｍ１２）で算出したエリアレベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１’）と、対応する輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１’）とを比較し、算出した輝度差（Ｄ１’）がしきい値（Ｄｔ１’）以下であれば、この際の意匠レベルでのインパネ表面２のフロントガラス１への映り込みに対して煩わしさを感じないものと判定し、しきい値（Ｄｔ１’）を超えていれば、煩わしさを感じるものと判定する。
(S3) Window Reflectivity Evaluation Step When the luminance difference (D1) between the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5 is acquired in this way, the luminance difference (D1) and the luminance set in advance in the threshold value setting step (S4) Whether or not there is annoyance with respect to the reflection 3 is determined by comparison with a difference threshold value (Dt1). In this embodiment, the brightness difference (D1) at the unevenness level calculated by the first brightness difference calculation unit (M11) is compared with the corresponding threshold value (Dt1) of the brightness difference to calculate the calculated brightness difference (D1). ) Is less than or equal to the threshold value (Dt1), it is determined that the occupant does not feel annoyed with the reflection 3 at this time, and if the threshold value (Dt1) is exceeded, the annoyance is felt. Judge that it is. Similarly, the brightness difference (D1 ′) at the area level calculated by the second brightness difference calculation unit (M12) is compared with the corresponding threshold value (Dt1 ′) of the brightness difference, and the calculated brightness difference (D1) If ') is less than or equal to the threshold value (Dt1'), it is determined that there is no inconvenience to the reflection of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1 at the design level at this time. If it exceeds Dt1 ′), it is determined that the user feels bothered.
ここで、上記しきい値（Ｄｔ１）は、予め複数の種類の既存車種におけるインパネ表面２のフロントガラス１への映り込み３を撮像して得た像につき、シボを構成する凸部４と凹部５との輝度差（Ｄ１）を算出すると共に、車種ごとの映り込み３を実際に見た際に感じる煩わしさの官能評価を行う。そして、これら複数の明暗差（輝度差）データと、対応する煩わしさの官能評価結果とから、輝度差（Ｄ１）がこれ以上大きくなると、映り込みに対して煩わしさを感じると判断される値を見出すことで、設定されたものである。ここで本発明者らが既存車種について上述の如く輝度差（Ｄ１）と煩わしさの官能評価との関係について調べた結果、映り込み３に対して運転者が実質的に煩わしさを感じないときの輝度差（Ｄ１）の最大値が１５ｃｄ／ｍ2であることが判明した。よって、この値を凹凸レベルでの輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１）として用いることで信頼性ある窓映り性の評価が期待できる。なお、同工程（Ｓ４）で使用される輝度差（Ｄ１）のデータは、本発明に係る評価装置１０を用いて車種ごとに算出してもよい。また、煩わしさの官能評価は、同車種について実際の車内に窓映りを再現した際に運転者（実験者又はユーザー）が感じる煩わしさの程度を段階的に官能評価することで取得してもよい。 Here, the threshold value (Dt1) is a convex portion 4 and a concave portion constituting an embossment for an image obtained by imaging the reflection 3 on the windshield 1 of the instrument panel surface 2 in a plurality of types of existing vehicles in advance. The brightness difference (D1) from 5 is calculated, and sensory evaluation of the annoyance felt when the reflection 3 for each vehicle type is actually seen is performed. Then, from the plurality of brightness difference (luminance difference) data and the corresponding annoyance sensory evaluation result, a value that is judged to be annoying to the reflection when the luminance difference (D1) becomes larger than this. It is set by finding Here, as a result of examining the relationship between the luminance difference (D1) and the sensory evaluation of annoyance as described above for the existing vehicle models, the present inventors feel that the driver does not feel the annoyance substantially with respect to the reflection 3. It was found that the maximum value of the luminance difference (D1) was 15 cd / m 2 . Therefore, by using this value as the threshold value (Dt1) of the luminance difference at the unevenness level, it is possible to expect a reliable evaluation of the window reflection property. In addition, you may calculate the data of the brightness | luminance difference (D1) used by the process (S4) for every vehicle model using the evaluation apparatus 10 which concerns on this invention. In addition, sensory evaluation of annoyance may be obtained by performing a sensory evaluation step by step on the degree of annoyance felt by the driver (experimenter or user) when reproducing the window reflection in the actual vehicle for the same vehicle type. Good.
このように、本発明では、フロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３を撮像し、撮像して得た像について、インパネ表面２のシボを構成する凸部４と凹部５との間の明暗差を、窓映りの煩わしさとの間に一定の相関を示す輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）として算出するようにした。また、この算出した輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）に基づいて窓映り性の評価を行うようにした。このように、輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）をシボの凹凸間の明暗差を評価するための指標として用いることで、輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）との間に高い相関を示す窓映り性を定量的かつ適切に評価することが可能となる。 As described above, in the present invention, the reflection 3 of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1 is imaged, and an image obtained by imaging is defined between the convex portions 4 and the concave portions 5 constituting the texture of the instrument panel surface 2. The brightness difference is calculated as a luminance difference (D1) or a brightness difference (D2) showing a certain correlation with the troublesomeness of window projection. Further, the window reflection property is evaluated based on the calculated luminance difference (D1) or brightness difference (D2). In this way, by using the luminance difference (D1) or the lightness difference (D2) as an index for evaluating the lightness / darkness difference between the irregularities of the texture, the difference between the luminance difference (D1) or the lightness difference (D2) is high. It becomes possible to quantitatively and appropriately evaluate the window reflectivity showing the correlation.
特に、この実施形態のように、しきい値設定工程（Ｓ４）で輝度差のしきい値（Ｄｔ１）を設定しておき、新たに生産を予定している車種につき窓映り状態を再現した際に取得した上記輝度差（Ｄ１）をしきい値（Ｄｔ１）と比較することで、信頼性の高い評価基準値に基づき窓映り性の良否に関する事前評価を行うことができる。これにより、例えば設計試作段階で、フロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３に対して運転者が煩わしさを感じるか否かを判定することができるので、窓映り性について問題がある場合には早期に設計変更を行うことで、生産開始までに要する期間を短縮することができ、コストダウンを図ることが可能となる。 In particular, when the threshold value setting step (S4) is used to set the threshold value for brightness difference (Dt1) and the windowed state is reproduced for a new vehicle model that is scheduled for production, as in this embodiment. By comparing the brightness difference (D1) acquired in step 2 with the threshold value (Dt1), it is possible to perform a prior evaluation on the quality of window reflection based on a highly reliable evaluation reference value. This makes it possible to determine whether or not the driver feels troublesome with respect to the reflection 3 of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1 at the design prototype stage, for example, when there is a problem with the window reflection property. By changing the design at an early stage, it is possible to shorten the time required to start production and to reduce costs.
また、上述のようにして窓映り性の良否を判定した結果、否と判定された（すなわち映り込み３を煩わしいと感じた）車種については、窓映り性の改善のための設計変更が施される。ここで、映り込み３に影響を及ぼす因子としては、フロントガラス１の保持角度やインパネ表面２、特にインパネ上面の保持角度、及びインパネ表面２のシボに関する形態が考えられるが、フロントガラス１やインパネ上面の保持角度については、窓映り性以外の要件充足の観点から、設計変更を施す余地のない場合が多い。そこで、例えば窓映り性改善の一例として、シボを構成する凸部４と凹部５の表面性状の変更が考えられる。例えば、映り込み３を煩わしいと感じる場合の凸部表面４ａの表面性状（具体的には表面粗さ）と、凹部表面５ａの表面性状とを調べてみたところ、図５に示すように、凸部表面４ａと凹部表面５ａとで表面性状に大きな違い（表面粗さでいえばその値に大きな差）があることが判明した。よって、この場合、例えば凸部表面４ａの粗面化を図って（表面粗さを大きくして）、凹部表面５ａに表面性状を近づける（表面粗さの値を近づける）ことで、輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）を小さくして、窓映り性の改善を図ることが可能となる。 Further, as a result of determining whether window reflection is good or not as described above, a design change for improving window reflection is applied to a vehicle model that is determined to be negative (that is, reflection 3 is felt annoying). The Here, as factors affecting the reflection 3, there are conceivable forms relating to the holding angle of the windshield 1 and the instrument panel surface 2, particularly the holding angle of the upper surface of the instrument panel, and the texture of the instrument panel surface 2. As for the holding angle of the upper surface, there is often no room for design change from the viewpoint of satisfying the requirements other than window reflection. Therefore, for example, as an example of improving the window reflection property, it is conceivable to change the surface properties of the convex portions 4 and the concave portions 5 constituting the texture. For example, when the surface property (specifically, the surface roughness) of the convex surface 4a and the surface property of the concave surface 5a when the reflection 3 is felt troublesome, as shown in FIG. It has been found that there is a large difference in surface properties (a large difference in value in terms of surface roughness) between the part surface 4a and the recessed part surface 5a. Therefore, in this case, for example, by roughening the convex surface 4a (increasing the surface roughness) and bringing the surface property closer to the concave surface 5a (making the surface roughness value closer), the luminance difference ( D1) or brightness difference (D2) can be reduced to improve the window reflection.
以上、本発明の一実施形態について述べたが、本発明は、その意図を反映した構成を逸脱しない限りにおいて、上記以外の構成を採ることも可能である。 As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention can also take a structure other than the above, unless it deviates from the structure reflecting the intent.
例えば、上記実施形態では、フロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３を撮像し、撮像により取得した像について、インパネ表面２のシボを構成する凸部４と凹部５との明暗差を輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）として算出する場合を説明したが、必ずしもインパネ表面２の映り込み３を撮像しなくてもよい。本発明の趣旨に鑑みれば、フロントガラス１へのインパネ表面２の映り込み３において、インパネ表面２のシボを構成する凸部４と凹部５との明暗差を輝度差（Ｄ１）又は明度差（Ｄ２）として算出できればよく、例えば凸部４や凹部５単位で受光可能な受光素子を単独で備えたもの（図示は省略）を用いて、映り込み３中、凸部４に対応する領域の輝度又は明度を取得し、かつ凹部５に対応する領域の輝度又は明度を取得することによって、明暗差を算出するようにしてもよい。 For example, in the above-described embodiment, the reflection 3 of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1 is imaged, and the brightness difference between the convex part 4 and the concave part 5 constituting the texture on the instrument panel surface 2 is determined for the image acquired by the imaging. Although the case of calculating as the difference (D1) or the brightness difference (D2) has been described, it is not always necessary to capture the reflection 3 on the instrument panel surface 2. In view of the gist of the present invention, in the reflection 3 of the instrument panel surface 2 on the windshield 1, the brightness difference (D1) or brightness difference (D1) or brightness difference between the projections 4 and the recesses 5 constituting the texture of the instrument panel surface 2 ( D2) can be calculated, for example, by using a single light receiving element (not shown) that can receive light in units of the convex portion 4 and the concave portion 5, and the luminance of the region corresponding to the convex portion 4 in the reflection 3 Alternatively, the brightness difference may be calculated by acquiring the brightness and acquiring the brightness or brightness of the region corresponding to the recess 5.
また、例えば、上記実施形態では、第二明暗差算出部（Ｍ１２）による処理として、複数の凸部４及び凹部５を含む所定面積のエリア単位で輝度（ｄ１’）を取得すると共に、互いに隣接するエリア間での輝度の差を算出し、算出した輝度の差の最大値をエリアレベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１’）として得る場合を例示したが、これ以外の手法によりエリアレベルの輝度差（Ｄ１’）を算出するようにしてもよい。一例として、上述のように所定面積のエリア単位で輝度（ｄ１’）を取得し、取得した複数のエリア単位の輝度（ｄ１’）のうち最も大きい値を示すエリアの輝度（ｄ１’）と、最も小さい値を示すエリアの輝度（ｄ１’）との差を、上記エリアレベルでの輝度差（Ｄ１’）としてもよい。 Further, for example, in the above embodiment, as the processing by the second light / dark difference calculation unit (M12), the luminance (d1 ′) is acquired in units of area of a predetermined area including the plurality of convex portions 4 and the concave portions 5 and adjacent to each other. In this example, the luminance difference between the areas to be calculated is calculated, and the maximum value of the calculated luminance difference is obtained as the luminance difference (D1 ′) at the area level. D1 ′) may be calculated. As an example, the luminance (d1 ′) is acquired in units of area of a predetermined area as described above, and the luminance (d1 ′) of the area showing the largest value among the acquired luminances (d1 ′) of the plurality of area units, The difference from the luminance (d1 ′) of the area showing the smallest value may be the luminance difference (D1 ′) at the area level.
１ フロントガラス
２ インパネ表面
３ 映り込み
４ 凸部
５ 凹部
６ 板状部材
１０ 評価装置
１１ 保持部
１２ 照射部
１３ 撮像部
１４ 演算処理部
１５ ディスプレイ
１６ フレーム部
１７ 載置台
１８ ガラス保持部材
１９ 連結部
２０ 受光部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Front glass 2 Instrument panel surface 3 Reflection 4 Convex part 5 Concave part 6 Plate-shaped member 10 Evaluation apparatus 11 Holding part 12 Irradiation part 13 Imaging part 14 Calculation processing part 15 Display 16 Frame part 17 Mounting stand 18 Glass holding member 19 Connection part 20 Light receiving section
Claims (5)
日光又は日光を模した光を所定角度で前記フロントガラスに入射させた際に前記フロントガラスの車内側の表面に映り込んだ前記インパネ表面の像を撮像する撮像工程と、
前記撮像工程で撮像して得た前記インパネ表面の画像について、前記インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出する明暗差算出工程と、
前記明暗差算出工程で算出した前記輝度差又は前記明度差に基づいて、前記窓映り性の評価を行う窓映り性評価工程とを具備する窓映り性の評価方法。 An evaluation method of window reflectivity for evaluating the window reflectivity of an instrument panel surface on an automotive windshield,
An imaging step of capturing an image of the instrument panel surface reflected on the vehicle interior surface of the windshield when sunlight or sunlight imitating the windshield at a predetermined angle ;
For an image of the instrument panel surface obtained by imaging in the imaging step, a brightness difference calculation step for calculating a brightness difference or a brightness difference between a convex portion and a concave portion constituting a texture on the instrument panel surface,
A window reflection property evaluation method comprising: a window reflection property evaluation step of evaluating the window reflection property based on the luminance difference or the brightness difference calculated in the brightness difference calculation step.
前記フロントガラスに光を照射する照射部と、
前記照射部の照射により生じる前記フロントガラスへの前記インパネ表面の映り込みを撮像する撮像部と、
前記撮像部で撮像することにより得た像につき、前記インパネ表面のシボを構成する凸部と凹部との明暗差を輝度差又は明度差として算出する明暗差算出部と、
前記明暗差算出部で算出した輝度差又は明度差に基づいて、窓映り性の評価を行う窓映り性評価部とを具備する窓映り性の評価装置。 An apparatus for evaluating the window reflectivity of an instrument panel surface on an automotive windshield, wherein the windshield and a member having the instrument panel surface can be held in a positional relationship during vehicle body assembly,
An irradiation unit for irradiating the windshield with light;
An imaging unit that captures the reflection of the instrument panel surface on the windshield caused by irradiation of the irradiation unit;
For an image obtained by imaging with the imaging unit, a brightness difference calculation unit for calculating a brightness difference or a brightness difference between a convex part and a concave part constituting a texture on the instrument panel surface,
A window projection evaluation apparatus comprising: a window projection evaluation unit that evaluates window projection based on the luminance difference or brightness difference calculated by the brightness difference calculation unit.
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