JP6085565B2 - Steam turbine generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generator using a steam turbine. In particular, the present invention relates to a power generator using a radial steam turbine. The radial flow steam turbine is a turbine in which the flow direction of the working steam is a radial direction outward with respect to the rotation axis.

Currently, more than 80% of the world's electricity is said to be generated by thermal and nuclear power plants, and steam turbines are used in power generation facilities that operate at these thermal and nuclear power plants. Yes.
The fuel for obtaining the steam to be introduced into the steam turbine is coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, etc., and the heat source is not particularly selected. The steam turbine used in these thermal power plants and nuclear power plants is an axial flow type steam turbine suitable for large-scale power generation. An axial flow type steam turbine makes the turbine inlet high pressure along the rotation axis, makes the turbine outlet low pressure, increases the pressure drop, and converts the expansion thermal energy of the steam into rotational motion. For this reason, the steam flow direction is an axial flow type parallel to the rotation axis, and the size of the steam has been increased to meet the demand of full-scale power plants. That is, the axial flow type steam turbine has a structure suitable for large-scale power generation.

  Thus, power generation using a steam turbine requires heat to generate steam, but heat generated by burning fuel for power generation purposes may be used, but it is used and discarded by other equipment. Even exhaust heat can be used. Examples of exhaust heat include heat exhausted from small and medium-sized factories and homes, heat exhausted for incineration of waste, exhaust heat from marine diesel engines, and the like. These heat sources have the merit that they are not affected by the weather, can generate electricity when necessary, and can easily be stopped when they are no longer needed. Originally uses exhaust heat from factories and homes, and is used in a cogeneration framework that uses the exhaust heat to simultaneously supply hot water and steam, and is important for effective use of energy. . For these reasons, there is a need for power generation technology that uses exhaust heat energy to generate steam and uses the steam.

However, when using exhaust heat energy, the power generation device becomes a problem.
When a conventional steam turbine is scaled down as it is as a power generation device that uses exhaust heat energy, the power generation efficiency drops to about 20-40%. Axial-flow steam turbines have a structure suitable for large-scale power generation, and power generation efficiency decreases when scaled down for small-scale use.

  Moreover, it is also possible to use a gas engine or a gas turbine as a power generator that uses exhaust heat energy. However, the power generation efficiency of a power generation device using a gas engine or a gas turbine is at most in the range of 20-40%, and it cannot be said that the power generation efficiency is good. In addition, power generators using gas engines and gas turbines are generally large in scale, and even if we try to introduce cogeneration to use exhaust heat, the scale of power generators using gas engines and gas turbines It is difficult to introduce due to the difference in facility scale, and in the end, there are many cases where heat energy is wasted in spite of waste heat and power demand in small and medium-sized factories and homes (Patent Document 1).

JP 2003-343212 A

  Currently, the power supply has been affected for a long period of time, such as the operation of nuclear power plants being stopped as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and there is a demand for power saving in a wide range of areas. Concern about is growing rapidly. Therefore, in addition to the intensive power generation in large-scale power plants, there are high expectations for distributed power generation using small-scale power generation devices that do not rely on thermal power or nuclear power.

  As a small-scale power generation system, a power generation apparatus using renewable energy such as solar light or wind power is attracting attention. However, renewable energies such as sunlight and wind power are easily affected by weather conditions, and there is a big problem that power generation is not always possible when necessary.

  Further, as a small-scale power generation system, a power generation device using a fuel cell has been attracting attention. However, in the end, private power generation was not possible at the time of a power failure during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. This is because the pump that feeds fuel does not operate during a power failure. A storage battery is always required to generate power even in the event of a power failure, but a high-performance secondary battery such as a lithium battery is very expensive and has a problem of not spreading.

  As mentioned above, there is a problem that small and medium-sized factories and households have heat energy to be discarded, but eventually there is no efficient power generation system that matches the scale of the facility, so the power generation system has not spread widely. .

  In view of the above problems, the present invention can generate electricity using a steam turbine regardless of the type of fuel, whether it is fuel, kerosene, or natural gas, and can generate electricity anytime and anywhere as long as it has a heat source and water. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generator that uses a steam turbine that is small but has high thermal efficiency.

In order to solve the above problems, a steam turbine power generator according to the present invention includes a steam generator, a steam chamber that receives the steam of the steam generator, and the steam so that the steam is accelerated and ejected from the steam chamber toward an outer peripheral direction. A radius provided with at least one nozzle provided in a part of the chamber, at least one moving blade that receives the steam ejected from the nozzle, and a rotating plate in which the moving blade is disposed and rotatable about a rotation axis The steam turbine power generator includes a flow-type steam turbine and a generator connected to the rotating shaft of the rotating plate.
As a device for arrangement and connection of the apparatus, a configuration in which the steam generator, the radial flow steam turbine, and the generator are vertically stacked to be integrated is also possible. Further, the steam generator may not be stacked vertically with respect to the radial flow steam turbine and the generator, but may be separately installed to deliver steam through a pipe or the like.

Here, the nozzle can have a plurality of configurations.
There are roughly two types.
One is a nozzle of the type provided on the outer peripheral wall surface in a configuration in which the outer periphery of the steam chamber is surrounded by the outer peripheral wall surface. Hereinafter, it is referred to as a nozzle formed on the outer peripheral wall surface.
The other is a type of nozzle provided between the stationary blades in a configuration in which the outer periphery of the steam chamber is surrounded by a plurality of stationary blades. Hereinafter, it is referred to as a nozzle formed between the stationary blades.

It is preferable that a nozzle width adjusting mechanism for adjusting the width of the nozzle is provided. If the width of the nozzle is adjusted according to the pressure in the steam chamber and the amount of steam, the amount of power generation can be adjusted.
The nozzle width adjusting mechanism that adjusts the width of the nozzle can be an active type or a passive type. The active type has an opening / closing mechanism such as an actuator, and the width of the nozzle is changed by actively operating the opening / closing mechanism in accordance with the vapor pressure of the steam chamber. In the passive type, the width of the nozzle is changed by passive deformation according to the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber or the like due to the characteristics of the member forming the nozzle.

As an example of the passive type nozzle width adjusting mechanism, there is a flexible plate attached to the nozzle. If the plate material is attached so as to cover the nozzle opening, and the plate material bends according to the vapor pressure of the steam chamber, and the nozzle opening opens, the nozzle width becomes variable, and the nozzle It is possible to adjust the amount of steam ejected from the tank.
In the nozzle formed between the stationary blades, the passive nozzle width adjusting mechanism may include the following in addition to the above-described flexible plate. For example, it is assumed that at least a part of the stationary blades has flexibility, and the width of the nozzle formed between the stationary blades by bending a part of the stationary blades according to the vapor pressure of the steam chamber. Some are variable.
Further, as another example of the passive nozzle width adjusting mechanism in the nozzle formed between the stationary blades, the arrangement angle of the stationary blade is variable, and according to the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber, In some cases, the width of the nozzle formed between the stationary blades is variable by changing the arrangement angle of the stationary blades.
As a structure in which the arrangement angle of the stationary blade is variable, the stationary blade includes a stationary blade strut and an elastic body that gives a potential to the rotation of the stationary blade with respect to the stationary blade strut. There is a structure in which the rotation angle is changed according to the vapor pressure and the potential received from the elastic body. According to this configuration, the rotation angle of the stationary blade can be changed against the potential received from the elastic body according to the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber.

  As described above, by providing a nozzle width adjustment mechanism, when the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber is a predetermined value or less, the nozzle is closed, and when the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber exceeds a predetermined value, The size of the nozzle can be adjusted according to the vapor pressure.

Next, the steam turbine power generator of the present invention can be multistaged.
An example is a configuration in which a radial flow type steam turbine is provided on the front and back of the rotating plate.
Specifically, at least one hole is provided in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the rotating plate, the steam from the steam generator is guided to both surfaces of the rotating plate, and the radial flow steam turbine is formed on both surfaces of the rotating plate. A multistage configuration is provided.
Another example is a configuration in which a plurality of rotating plates themselves are used, and a radial flow steam turbine is provided on either the front or back of each rotating plate or both.
Specifically, a plurality of the rotating plates are provided with respect to the rotating shaft, and at least one hole is provided in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the rotating plate so that the steam is generated on one or both surfaces of the rotating plate in each stage. The steam from the vessel is guided, and the radial flow steam turbine has a multi-stage configuration in which one or both surfaces of the rotating plate are provided.

A plurality of steam generators can be used. That is, a plurality of steam generators can be provided, and the steam generated by each steam generator can be guided to the steam chamber of the radial flow steam turbine.
The present invention uses a radial flow type steam turbine. Since the radial flow type steam turbine can be efficiently rotated as described above, the rotational speed of the radial flow type steam turbine and the generator When it is necessary to adjust the rotational speed to be obtained in the above, a rotational speed converter is interposed at the connection portion between the radial flow steam turbine and the generator, and the rotational speed of the radial flow steam turbine and the generator It is preferable that the rotation speed can be adjusted.

  In the above configuration, when it is necessary to adjust the rotational speed of the radial flow steam turbine and the rotational speed of the generator, if a rotational speed converter is interposed at the connection between the radial flow steam turbine and the generator, The rotation speed can be adjusted.

According to the steam turbine power generator of the present invention, the apparatus can be reduced in size, and even a small-scale steam generator using a small heat source such as exhaust heat can be placed in the steam chamber of the radial flow steam turbine. The guided steam pressure can be efficiently accelerated and applied to the rotor blades to rotate the rotating plate, and the rotational power generated in the radial flow steam turbine can be efficiently generated by the generator.
The steam pressure is efficiently increased by guiding the steam from the steam generator to the steam chamber of the radial flow type steam turbine, and the steam can be accelerated and ejected from the steam chamber through the nozzle while adjusting the amount of steam. Depending on the amount of steam obtained, the rotor can be efficiently applied to the rotor blades to rotate the rotating plate, thereby obtaining power for rotating the generator.
Further, when the steam generator, the steam turbine, and the generator are stacked and integrated in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, the installation space is small and the portable device can be carried. In other words, if there are conditions for producing steam, fuel can be generated anytime and anywhere as long as there is fuel and water such as soot, kerosene, and gas. Therefore, for example, when it is necessary to supply electricity at the evacuation shelter in the disaster area, power can be generated anytime and anywhere. Of course, if city gas, propane gas, or the like is used, in-house power generation can be easily performed even in a small-scale facility or store.
In addition, in a conventional steam turbine that is an external combustion engine, a steam generator such as a boiler and a steam turbine are installed independently of each other even in a small-scale facility, and the operating steam is sent through a pipe, so pressure loss, etc. However, in the present invention, since the steam generator and the steam turbine can be directly connected, a configuration that eliminates the need for piping is possible. In this case, no heat / pressure loss occurs, and the thermal efficiency is improved.

It is a key map explaining steam turbine power generator 100 concerning Example 1 of the present invention. 2 is a diagram illustrating the internal structure of the radial flow steam turbine 20 in more detail. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the nozzle 23 which becomes an opening type. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the nozzle 23 used as a stationary blade arrangement | sequence type. It is a figure which shows a mode that the width | variety of the gap | interval between stationary blades 231a becomes variable because the stationary blade 231a changes the arrangement angle according to the vapor pressure of the steam chamber 22. FIG. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the steam turbine electric power generating apparatus 100 which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a rotating plate 25 and a hole 27. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the steam turbine electric power generating apparatus 100 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the internal structure typically from the side direction. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the steam turbine electric power generating apparatus 100c which concerns on Example 4 of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown below. Moreover, in each figure, the same number is attached | subjected to the same part and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted. Further, the drawings may be exaggerated in order to understand the present invention, and are not necessarily expressed precisely to scale.

A configuration example of the steam turbine power generation device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a steam turbine power generator 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the internal structure typically from the side direction. Only members necessary for explaining the operation principle are shown, and other peripheral members and piping are omitted.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the internal structure of the radial flow steam turbine 20 in more detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, the steam turbine power generation device 100 is configured to include a steam generator 10, a radial flow steam turbine 20, and a generator 30 as basic components. A heat source 200 is also shown. Here, the heat that is burned in a firewood or stove is simply shown as the heat source 200, but it may be exhaust heat obtained in a home or a small and medium-sized factory instead of a direct fire.
The configuration example shown in FIG. 1 is a configuration example in which the steam generator 10, the radial flow type steam turbine 20, and the generator 30 are stacked in the vertical direction to be integrated. It may be considered similarly in a configuration example in which they are arranged side by side and stacked in the horizontal direction. A configuration in which the steam generator 10 is not stacked and installed separately from the radial flow steam turbine 20 and the generator 30 to deliver steam by a pipe or the like will be described in another embodiment.

The steam generator 10 may be a steam generator such as a boiler, and may be a simple one such as a pressure cooker that can generate steam. For example, if the internal pressure of the can is 200 kPa or less, the management is not difficult. If fins are attached to the inside and outside of the boiler as shown in FIG. 1, heat exchange becomes large, more steam can be supplied, and power generation output Can be raised.
The steam generator 10 is provided with a steam outlet 11 from which steam is ejected.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the radial flow type steam turbine 20 includes a steam inlet 21, a steam chamber 22, at least one nozzle 23, at least one moving blade 24, a rotating plate 25, and a rotating support shaft. 26 is provided.

The steam inlet 21 is connected to the steam outlet 11 of the steam generator 10 and serves as a port for receiving steam generated by the steam generator 10. In this example, the radial flow steam turbine 20 has a structure provided at a substantially central portion of the bottom surface.
Note that the steam inlet 21 may be directly coupled to the steam outlet 11 of the steam generator 10. If the steam outlet 11 of the steam generator 10 and the steam inlet 21 of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 are directly connected, the steam can be efficiently taken into the steam chamber 22 without being cooled. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 1, the steam inlet 21 is located at a substantially central portion of the radial flow-type steam turbine 20 and has a structure that makes it easy to obtain a steam flow flowing in the radial flow direction, as will be described later. .

  The steam chamber 22 is a space connected to the steam inlet 21, and is a space that receives the steam injected from the steam inlet 21 and adjusts the steam pressure. As shown in FIG. 1, the steam chamber 22 is formed between the rotating plate 25 and the fixed plate 29. The shape of the vapor chamber 22 is not particularly limited, but what is shown in FIG. 1 is a cross section, and is a substantially cylindrical space having this cross section.

The nozzle 23 is at least one steam outlet provided in a part of the steam chamber so as to accelerate and eject the steam from the steam chamber 22 toward the outer periphery. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 1, the nozzle 23 is provided on the outer peripheral wall surface of the steam chamber 22. As described above, in the radial flow type steam turbine 20, the steam flow flows from the center to the outer peripheral direction because the steam inlet 21 is located at the substantially center and the nozzle 23 is provided at the outer peripheral edge of the steam chamber 22. It has a structure of a radial flow type steam turbine in which the steam flow is a so-called outward radial direction (Radial Outflow).
In this configuration example, the nozzle 23 has a nozzle width adjusting mechanism that makes the diameter of the ejection port variable, and the function thereof will be described later.

The moving blade 24 is a plate material that receives steam that is ejected from the nozzle 23 toward the outer periphery, and is provided so as to stand on the rotating plate 25. In this configuration example, the rotating plate 25 is positioned above the steam chamber 22, and the moving blade 24 is erected so as to be suspended from the lower surface side of the rotating plate 25. In the case of a multi-stage configuration as described in the second embodiment, the rotor blades 24 are also provided on the upper surface side of the rotating plate 25. The description will be given in the second embodiment.
The rotor blade 24 is erected on the rotating plate 25 at an angle with respect to the radial flow direction from the nozzle 23 toward the outer circumferential direction. As will be described later, when the steam flow in the radial flow direction is received, Power in the tangential direction, that is, a rotational force for rotating the rotating plate 25 is obtained.

  The rotating plate 25 is provided with moving blades and is attached to be rotatable about a rotating shaft 26. In this configuration example, it is located above the steam chamber 22 and is rotatably supported by the rotation shaft 26. As will be described later, the rotating plate 25 rotates by the force received by each rotor blade 24 as the working steam flow flows in the radial direction from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side. The rotating plate 25 rotates together with the rotating shaft 26.

  The rotating shaft 26 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown). The material of the rotating shaft 26 is not particularly limited. For example, it is preferable that a material having high rigidity is adopted and the dangerous shaft has a higher rigidity than the maximum rotational speed of the radial flow steam turbine of the present invention. By adopting the rigid shaft, there is no danger that the adjacent moving blades 24 will contact each other without causing a problem of resonance.

  The fixed plate 29 is a member facing the rotating plate 25, and the steam chamber 22 is formed between the rotating plate 25 and the fixed plate 29. The fixed plate 29 is a member that does not rotate, and is connected to the inner casing 40 and the like without being connected to the rotating shaft 26.

  Although the generator 30 is not particularly limited, in this configuration example, the generator 30 is a structure mounted on the upper portion of the radial flow steam turbine 20, and therefore, the generator 30 is preferably a small generator with high power generation efficiency.

In addition, when adjustment with the rotation speed obtained with the radial flow type steam turbine 20 and the rotation speed of the generator 30 is required, in a connection part of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 and the generator 30, a rotational speed converter is used. An intervening configuration is also possible. If a rotational speed converter is interposed, the rotational speeds of both can be adjusted.
If the steam pressure in the steam chamber 22 is sufficiently obtained, it is assumed that the rotating plate 25 rotates at high speed in order for the steam to blow out from the nozzle 23, but in order to turn the generator 30, together with the rotation speed Since torque is important, it may be necessary to increase the torque while limiting the rotational speed. In that case, the rotational speed converter 31 is interposed, and the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 26 of the radial flow steam turbine 20 that rotates at high speed is converted (for example, decelerated) to increase the torque and transmit it to the generator 30. .

Next, the inner casing 40 will be described. The inner casing 40 is not particularly limited, but is a casing that houses the components of the radial flow steam turbine 20.
In addition, it is preferable that the inner casing 40 is appropriately sealed so that steam does not leak. Needless to say, measures to reduce steam leakage are provided by providing fins, shrouds, and labyrinths for preventing steam leakage.
In this configuration example, a steam intake 21 of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 is provided in a part of the casing 40 so that the steam from the steam generator 10 can be taken in.

Next, the flow of steam passing through the inside of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, the working steam enters the steam chamber 22 at the center of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 directly from the steam generator 10 through the steam outlet 11 and the steam inlet 21 and flows from the center to the outer periphery. Passes through one or a plurality of nozzles 23 attached to the outer peripheral edge of the steam chamber 22, increases the speed, collides with a plurality of blades 24 attached to the rotating plate 25, and gives impulse energy to the blades 24. The rotating plate 25 provided with the moving blade 24 rotates, transmits rotational kinetic energy to the rotating shaft 26 to which the rotating plate 25 is fixed, and starts the generator 30 connected to the rotating shaft 26. The paragraph in the radial flow type steam turbine 20 may be a single stage or a multi-stage, but a multi-stage configuration will be described later.

  Here, the structure and movement of the nozzle 23 will be described. In addition, a “nozzle width adjusting mechanism” capable of adjusting the steam pressure by the steam chamber 22 and adjusting the amount of steam ejected from the nozzle 23 will be described.

As a configuration example of the nozzle 23, a type formed on the outer peripheral wall surface and a type formed between the stationary blades will be described.
First, the type of nozzle 23 formed on the outer peripheral wall surface will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the nozzle 23 which is a type formed on the outer peripheral wall surface. Only a quarter of the rotary plate 25 is shown.
As shown in FIG. 3, the type of nozzle 23 formed on the outer peripheral wall surface is an example in which the outer periphery of the steam chamber 22 is surrounded by the outer peripheral wall surface, and the nozzle 23 is provided on the outer peripheral wall surface. Steam is ejected from the nozzle 23 in the outer circumferential direction. That is, the outer periphery of the steam chamber 22 is covered with a ring-shaped wall surface, and the nozzle 23 is provided on a part of the wall surface. The number of the nozzles 23 is not particularly limited, and may be singular or plural.

  In addition, in the nozzle 23 of the type formed in an outer peripheral wall surface, the structure which attaches "nozzle width adjustment mechanism" to the front-end | tip is also possible. If a nozzle width adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting opening and closing is mounted at the tip of the nozzle 23, the amount of steam ejected from the nozzle 23 can be adjusted.

The nozzle width adjusting mechanism for adjusting the width of the nozzle 23 can be an active type or a passive type. The active type has an open / close throttle mechanism with an actuator, and the open / close throttle mechanism is activated in accordance with the vapor pressure of the steam chamber to change the width of the nozzle. In the passive type, the width of the nozzle is changed by passive deformation according to the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber or the like due to the characteristics of the member forming the nozzle.
As the nozzle width adjusting mechanism of the type of nozzle 23 formed on the outer peripheral wall surface, either an active type or a passive type can be applied.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which an active nozzle width adjusting mechanism is mounted on the nozzle 23 of the type formed on the outer peripheral wall surface. The structure of the open / close diaphragm mechanism of the active type nozzle width adjusting mechanism is not particularly limited as long as the diaphragm width can be changed by energizing the actuator. Here, it is symbolically illustrated.
FIG. 3B simply shows a state in which the nozzle 23 is closed by the active type nozzle width adjusting mechanism. When the pressure in the steam chamber 22 is smaller than a predetermined value, the steam pressure can be increased by closing the active nozzle width adjusting mechanism of the nozzle 23.
FIG. 3C simply shows a state in which the nozzle 23 is slightly opened by the active nozzle width adjusting mechanism. When the pressure in the steam chamber 22 reaches a predetermined value, if the nozzle is opened, the steam flow can be ejected from the nozzle 23 toward the moving blade 24.

  As a nozzle width adjusting mechanism of the type of nozzle 23 formed on the outer peripheral wall surface, a passive type nozzle width adjusting mechanism can be mounted. However, the passive type nozzle width adjusting mechanism is a type of nozzle 23 formed between stationary blades. Will be described in the next section. In particular, the passive nozzle width adjusting mechanism using the flexible plate shown in FIG. 4 can be applied as a nozzle width adjusting mechanism of the type of nozzle 23 formed on the outer peripheral wall surface.

Next, the nozzle 23 formed between the stationary blades will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the nozzle 23 formed between the stationary blades. As shown in FIG. 4, in the stationary blade arrangement type, the outer periphery of the steam chamber 22 is surrounded by a plurality of stationary blades 231, and the nozzle 23 is formed between the stationary blades 231, and the steam is in the outer circumferential direction. It is a mechanism to be ejected.
Steam from the steam generator 10 flows into the steam chamber 22 from the center of the steam chamber 22 through the steam outlet 11 and the steam intake port 21, flows from the center in the outer circumferential direction, that is, in the radial direction, and the stationary blade 231 and the stationary blade 231 Through the gap, and collides with the moving blade 24 attached to the rotating plate 25 to rotate the rotating plate 25.

  As the nozzle width adjusting mechanism that can change the width of the nozzle 23 of the type formed between the stationary blades, either an active type or a passive type can be applied. As described above, an active type nozzle width adjusting mechanism as shown in FIG. 3 can be mounted. However, the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5 are examples in which a passive type nozzle width adjusting mechanism is mounted. .

The passive nozzle width adjusting mechanism shown in FIG. 4 has a structure in which at least a part of the stationary blade 231 is a plate material having flexibility. That is, this is an example in which the stationary blade 231 is a kind of leaf spring. When the stationary blade 231 bends according to the vapor pressure in the steam chamber, the width of the gap between the stationary blades 231 becomes variable.
As shown in FIG. 4A, when the steam pressure inside the steam turbine 2 is smaller than a predetermined value, the deflection of the stationary blade 231 is small and the gap between the stationary blades 231 is closed. ing.
As shown in FIG. 4B, when the vapor pressure reaches a predetermined value, the deflection of the stationary blades 231 increases, and the width between the stationary blades 231 increases. Thus, since the magnitude | size of the bending of the stationary blade 231 changes depending on the magnitude | size of the steam pressure in the steam chamber 22, the stationary blade 231 has a kind of pressure valve function. In other words, the valve is opened by bending outward and closed by bending back inward. By providing such a pressure valve function for the nozzles between the stationary blades 231, the steam pressure environment is the same from the steam generator 10 to the stationary blades 231 in the radial flow steam turbine 20, and no steam pressure loss occurs. . Further, the amount of steam ejected from the gap can be adjusted according to the steam pressure.

As another example of the passive nozzle width adjusting mechanism in the nozzle 23 formed between the stationary blades, there is a structure in which the stationary blade 231a is a plate material and the arrangement angle thereof is variable.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a structural example in which the width of the nozzle 23 between the stationary blades 231a is variable by changing the arrangement angle of the stationary blades 231a according to the vapor pressure of the steam chamber 22.
As shown in FIG. 5, the stationary blade 231 a is provided with a stationary blade column 232 and an elastic body 233 that gives potential to the rotation of the stationary blade 231 a relative to the stationary blade column 232, and the steam in the vapor chamber 22 According to the pressure, the stationary blade 231 a changes against the potential that the rotational angle of the stationary blade support 232 receives from the elastic body 233. The elastic body 233 may be a spring, for example. A stopper 24 is provided at a position where no load is generated on the spring 233.

As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5B, the width of the nozzles 23 between the stationary blades 231a becomes variable by changing the arrangement angle of the stationary blades 231a according to the vapor pressure of the vapor chamber 22, and the gap It is possible to adjust the amount of steam ejected from the tank.
As described above, if a potential is given to the rotation of the stationary blade 231a by the elastic body 233, when the steam pressure in the radial flow steam turbine 20 is smaller than a predetermined value, FIG. ), The arrangement angle between the stationary blades 231a is set, and the gap is closed. On the other hand, when the steam pressure inside the radial flow steam turbine 20 reaches a predetermined value, the vane 231a changes its arrangement angle against the spring 233 as shown in FIG. The arrangement angle between 231a changes to open the gap.

  Thus, since the magnitude | size of the arrangement | positioning angle of the stationary blade 231a changes depending on the magnitude | size of the steam pressure in the steam chamber 22, the stationary blade 231a has a kind of pressure valve function. That is, the valve is opened when the arrangement angle is inclined outward, and is closed by returning inward. By providing a pressure valve function on the stationary blade 231a, the steam pressure environment is the same from the steam generator 10 to the stationary blade 231a in the radial flow steam turbine 20, and no steam pressure loss occurs. In addition, the amount of steam ejected from the gap can be adjusted according to the steam pressure.

  As described above, since the stationary blade is the automatically variable stationary blade 231 or the stationary blade 231a, the cross-sectional area of the steam inlet / outlet, which is the joint between the steam generator 10 and the radial flow steam turbine 20, can be adjusted. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a large-diameter pipe, and the supply capacity can be increased according to the capacity of the steam generator. The power generation output can be increased even with a compact size.

As described above, according to the steam turbine power generator according to the present invention, even a steam generated by a small-scale steam generator with a small heat source such as exhaust heat is efficiently accelerated and applied to the rotor blades to rotate the rotating plate. The rotating power generated by the radial flow type steam turbine can be efficiently generated by the generator.
According to the steam turbine power generator described above, when the steam generator, the steam turbine, and the generator are stacked and integrated in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, the steam generator and the steam turbine are directly connected. Therefore, no piping is required, no heat / pressure loss occurs, and thermal efficiency is improved. In addition, the installation space is small and it can be carried. If there are conditions for producing steam, power can be generated anytime and anywhere as long as there is fuel and water such as firewood, kerosene, and gas. Therefore, for example, when it is necessary to supply electricity at the evacuation shelter in the disaster area, power can be generated anytime and anywhere. Of course, if city gas, propane gas, or the like is used, in-house power generation can be easily performed even in a small-scale facility or store.

The second embodiment is a configuration example in which the basic structure of the steam turbine power generator 100a shown in the first embodiment is configured in two stages.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a steam turbine power generator 100a according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the internal structure typically from the side direction. In particular, the internal structure of the radial flow steam turbine 20 is depicted in more detail.

As shown in FIG. 6, the steam turbine power generator 100 a includes a steam generator 10, a radial flow steam turbine 20, and a generator 30 as basic components, and has a configuration in which they are integrated. The respective configurations of the radial flow type steam turbines 20a and 20b are doubled on both the front and back surfaces of the rotating plate 25.
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, steam chambers 22 a and 22 b, nozzles 23 a and 23 b, and moving blades 24 a and 24 b are provided on both surfaces of the rotating plate 25.

  Here, in order to guide the steam input to the steam chamber 22 of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 to both surfaces of the rotating plate 25, a plurality of holes 27 are provided in the plate surface of the rotating plate 25 in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 26 to generate steam. A part of the working steam from the vessel 10 passes through the hole 27 and is also conducted to the other surface of the rotating plate 25.

  Thus, the hole 27 is an opening that is opened to ensure a steam supply path through which the steam flow passes through the rotating plate 25 in the axial direction. In the radial flow steam turbine 100a of the present invention, the steam supplied from the steam supply source needs to be guided from the center side of each rotary plate 25 to the working steam flow passage in the radial direction. In order to form steam radial flow by providing the steam chambers 22a and 22b, the nozzles 23a and 23b, and the rotor blades 24a and 24b, respectively, steam that passes the steam flow through the rotating plate 25 in the axial direction. A supply channel is required. By providing the holes 27, the steam flows in the axial direction, and the radial flow type steam turbine 20 can be multistaged.

  Since the steam passage is formed on both surfaces of the rotating plate 25, the cross-sectional area of the steam passage is doubled, and if the capacity of the steam generator 10 is large, the steam pressure and temperature can be supplied about twice as much under the same conditions. In addition, the rotor blade 24 has two stages, and the torque obtained can be doubled. As a result, the power generation output can be doubled.

There are no particular restrictions on the shape or method of providing the holes 27, but here two patterns are shown as examples.
FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of the rotating plate 25 and the hole 27. In the example of FIG. 7A, the rotating plate 25 is a donut-shaped hollow disc having a center hole larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft 26 on the inner periphery, and is supported on the rotating shaft 10 by a plurality of supports 28. It has been made. A hole 27 is provided in the vicinity of the rotation axis on the inner periphery of the rotating plate 25, and this hole 27 serves as a gap between the supports 28. The steam can pass through the rotary plate 25 in the axial direction through the hole 27. The support 28 shown in FIG. 7 (a) is linear and the hole 27 is substantially rectangular. However, the shape of the hole 27 can be optimized in accordance with conditions such as supply steam. .

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating another example of the rotating plate 25 and the hole 27.
In the example of FIG. 7B, the rotating plate 25 is a circular plate that is erected directly around the rotating shaft 26, and the hole 27 of the rotating plate 25 is formed in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the rotating plate 25. It has become an opening. That is, the hole 27 is a hole opened in the vicinity of the rotation axis on the inner periphery of the circular rotating plate 25. The steam can pass through the rotary plate 25 in the axial direction through the hole 27. Although the hole 27 shown in FIG. 7 (b) is elliptical, the shape of the hole 27 can be made to an optimum shape according to conditions such as supply steam.

The third embodiment is a configuration example in which the basic structure of the steam turbine power generation device 100a shown in the second embodiment is further multistaged.
FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a steam turbine power generator 100b according to a third embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the internal structure typically from the side direction. In particular, the internal structure of the radial flow steam turbine 20 is depicted in more detail.

As shown in FIG. 8, the steam turbine power generation device 100 b includes a steam generator 10, a radial flow steam turbine 20, and a generator 30 as basic components, and has a configuration in which they are integrated. As shown in the second embodiment, the respective configurations of the radial flow steam turbines 20a and 20b are doubled on both the front and back surfaces of the rotating plate 25, and further, these sets are configured in multiple stages in the vertical direction. . In the example of FIG. 8, the configuration example shown in FIG. 6 is multi-staged into two upper and lower stages (A stage and B stage).
Here, as shown in FIG. 8, in the stage A, each configuration of the radial flow type steam turbines 20a, 20b is doubled on both surfaces of the rotating plate 25, and the steam chambers 22a, 22b and the nozzle 23a are provided on both surfaces. , 23b and the respective rotor blades 24a, 24b are provided, a plurality of holes 27 are provided in the plate surface of the rotary plate 25 in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 26, and the steam chambers 22a, 22b on both sides communicate with each other. . Also in the B stage, the configurations of the radial flow steam turbines 20a and 20b are doubled on both surfaces of the rotating plate 25, and the steam chambers 22a and 22b and the nozzles 23a and 23b are respectively disposed on both surfaces. The rotor blades 24a and 24b are provided, a plurality of holes 27 are provided in the plate surface of the rotary plate 25 in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 26, and the vapor chambers 22a and 22b on both sides communicate with each other.

The A-stage and B-stage configurations are separated by a fixed plate 29 at the center, but the fixed plate 29 is fixed to an inner casing or the like (not shown) and is not connected to the rotary shaft 26. In the vicinity of 26, there is an opening in the plate surface of the fixed plate 29, and the A-stage configuration and the B-stage configuration communicate with each other.
As described above, each of the rotating plate 25 and the fixed plate 29 has a steam supply path through which the steam flow can pass in the axial direction in the vicinity of the rotating shaft, and a part of the working steam from the steam generator 10 is in the axial direction. Steam is supplied to steam chambers 22a and 22b formed on the respective surfaces of the flow, rotating plate 25 and fixed plate 29, and the radial flow type steam turbine 20 is formed in multiple stages.

  In the example of FIG. 8, the steam chamber is divided into four layers, and the cross-sectional area of the steam passage is quadrupled. Therefore, if the capacity of the steam generator 10 is large, the steam pressure and temperature are approximately four times that of the working steam under the same conditions. And the torque obtained can be quadrupled. As a result, the power generation output can also be quadrupled.

  As described above, the radial flow steam turbine 20 secures an axial steam supply path by providing the holes 27 in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the rotating plate 25 and in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the fixed plate 29, thereby providing one rotating shaft 26. A plurality of sets of radial flow steam turbines 20 can be easily added in the axial direction, sufficient steam can be supplied to the radial steam passages, and a desired output can be secured according to the specifications of the steam supply source.

The fourth embodiment is a configuration example in which, in the basic structure of the steam turbine power generation apparatus 100 shown in the first embodiment, the steam generator 10 is separately installed and the steam is transferred by the pipe 12.
FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a steam turbine power generator 100c according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which showed the internal structure typically from the side direction.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the steam turbine power generation device 100 c includes a steam generator 10, a radial flow steam turbine 20, and a generator 30 as basic components, and has an arrangement configuration in which they are efficiently integrated. However, as compared with the configuration shown in the first embodiment, the steam generator 10 is separately installed, and the steam is transferred by the pipe 12. Further, a plurality of steam generators 10 are provided, and the steam amount is increased by inputting steam generated by the plurality of steam generators 10 into the steam chamber of the radial flow type steam turbine 20 through each pipe 12. Power generation energy.

Here, as shown in FIG. 9, three steam generators of a steam generator 10 a, a steam generator 10 b, and a steam generator 10 c are provided as the steam generator 10. It is installed adjacent to the machine 30 and is configured such that steam is delivered to the radial flow steam turbine 20 by pipes 12a, 12b, 12c extending from the respective steam generators 10a, 10b, 10c. ing.
If there are a plurality of steam generators 10, the total amount of steam generated from each of them increases, so that much steam can be taken into the steam chamber 22. For example, if the amount of steam generated from the three steam generators 10a, 10b, and 10c is the same and the heat loss due to the pipe 12 is not taken into consideration, about 3 times the operating steam is supplied under the same conditions of steam pressure and temperature. The torque obtained can be tripled, and as a result, the power generation output can be tripled.

In the steam turbine power generation apparatus 100 shown in the first embodiment, the steam turbine power generation apparatus 100 can be reduced in size by vertically stacking the steam generator 10, the radial flow type steam turbine 20, and the generator 30, and small steam generation is possible. Even the vessel 10 was suitable for efficient power generation. However, if the steam generator 10 (for example, a business boiler) having a slightly larger scale and a large steam generation amount is difficult to stack vertically, the scale of the steam turbine power generator 100 is large for stacking vertically. Become. Therefore, in the steam turbine power generation device 100c of the fourth embodiment, the steam generator 10 is not stacked vertically, but is separately installed beside the radial flow type steam turbine 20 and the power generator 30, so that the scale of the device is increased. The steam generator 10 having a large steam generation amount is utilized while downsizing. Furthermore, it becomes easy to use a plurality of steam generators 10.
By increasing the amount of generated steam, sufficient steam can be supplied to the radial flow steam turbine 20 and the generator 30, and high output can be secured.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment in the steam turbine power generator concerning the present invention has been illustrated and explained in detail, it is understood that various changes are possible without departing from the technical scope of the present invention. Let's go.

  The steam turbine power generator of the present invention can be applied to a small and highly efficient power generator that can generate power regardless of the type of fuel, whether it is fuel, kerosene, or natural gas. In other words, as long as there is a heat source and water, power can be generated anytime and anywhere. For example, a power generation device that is downsized and mounted on a ship and uses the exhaust heat of a ship engine, or introduced into a waste incineration facility, is incinerated. It can be used as a power generator that reuses the heat that has been discarded.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Steam generator 11 Steam outlet 12 Pipe 20 Radial flow type steam turbine 21 Steam intake port 22 Steam chamber 23 Nozzle 24 Rotor blade 25 Rotating plate 26 Rotating spindle 27 Hole 28 Support body 30 Generator 31 Decelerator 100 Steam turbine power generator 200 heat source

Claims (9)

A steam generator;
A steam chamber for receiving the steam of the steam generator; at least one nozzle provided in a part of the steam chamber so as to accelerate and eject steam from the steam chamber in an outer circumferential direction; and the steam ejected from the nozzle. A radial flow steam turbine having at least one moving blade to be received, and a rotating plate in which the moving blade is disposed and rotatable about a rotation axis;
A generator coupled to the rotating shaft of the rotating plate ;
A plurality of stationary blades are provided on the outer periphery of the steam chamber, and a gap between the stationary blades is the nozzle,
The stationary blade includes a stationary blade strut and an elastic body that gives a potential to the rotation of the stationary blade with respect to the stationary blade strut, and the stationary blade has a vapor pressure of the steam chamber and the elastic body. It is a structure that can change its rotation angle according to the potential received from
The amount of steam ejected from the nozzle by forming a nozzle width adjusting mechanism that makes the width of the nozzle formed between the stationary blades variable by changing the arrangement angle of the stationary blades according to the vapor pressure of the steam chamber It is possible to adjust the steam turbine power generator. At least a part of the stationary blade is provided with flexibility, and the nozzle width adjusting mechanism is arranged between the stationary blades by bending a part of the stationary blade according to the vapor pressure of the steam chamber. width of the nozzle formed is variable, the steam turbine power plant according to claim 1 in which it is possible to adjust the spewing steam flow from the nozzle. The nozzle is closed when the vapor pressure in the vapor chamber is a predetermined value or less, and the size of the nozzle is adjusted according to the vapor pressure when the vapor pressure in the vapor chamber exceeds a predetermined value. The steam turbine power generator according to 1 or 2 . A multi-stage configuration in which at least one hole is provided in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the rotating plate, steam from the steam generator is guided to both surfaces of the rotating plate, and the radial flow steam turbine is provided on both surfaces of the rotating plate; The steam turbine power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . A plurality of the rotating plates are provided with respect to the rotating shaft, at least one hole is provided in the vicinity of the rotating shaft of the rotating plate, and steam from the steam generator is provided on one surface or both surfaces of the rotating plate of each stage. The steam turbine power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steam turbine power generator has a multistage configuration in which the radial flow steam turbine is provided on one or both surfaces of the rotating plate. Wherein is interposed rotational speed converter in the connection portion between the radial flow type steam turbine and the generator, the rotation speed of the radial flow type steam turbine, claim 1 wherein it is possible rotational speed adjustment of the generator The steam turbine power generator according to claim 5 . The steam turbine power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the steam generator, the radial flow steam turbine, and the generator are integrated in a vertical or horizontal direction so as to be integrated. . The steam turbine power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the steam generator is configured separately from the radial flow steam turbine and the generator without being stacked. The steam turbine power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the steam generator includes a plurality of steam generators, and steam generated by each of the steam generators is guided to the steam chamber of the radial flow steam turbine.

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