JP6083948B2 - Fluid ejection device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fluid ejecting apparatus. The invention further relates to a high-pressure fluid connection device to a fluid injection device of a common rail system for a large internal combustion engine.

  The invention further relates to a cylinder device for an internal combustion engine, a method for operating an internal combustion engine, and an internal combustion engine.

  The person skilled in the art has a wide variety of two-stroke or four-stroke trunk piston engines used for various vehicles such as ships, cars, airplanes or large diesel engines for fixed units for ship use or power production, for example. Know different types of reciprocating piston combustion engines.

  As used herein, the term “large internal combustion engine” refers to an engine that is used, for example, as a main propulsion or auxiliary engine for a ship, or used in a power plant for the production of heat and / or electricity. means. In the known device, a pipe for supplying high pressure fuel from the common rail system to the injector is directly connected to the fuel injector. In addition, multiple pipes for the control or cooling fluid or lubricant to the fuel injector must be provided.

  Common rail fuel injectors may generally require several different independent pipe connections for medium supply and return at relatively low pressures (typically 0-10 bar pressure). For an engine coolant cooled injector, one lubricant connection for supply of lubricant, one lubricant connection for return, and one connection for return of control fuel are possible If so, a single connection for mixed leakage of lubricant and fuel may be required. If the injector must be disassembled for maintenance, each of these connections must be disassembled individually. Injector replacement is a more cumbersome task due to the presence of multiple pipe connections to the injector.

  In the field of 4-stroke medium speed engines, it is known that lower pressure connections can be placed in the cylinder head. The low pressure connections are arranged at different heights and separated by O-rings. This solution requires machining of the bore in the cylinder head for each required connection. Thus, already three bores must be machined for the supply and return of cooling fluid and for leakage fluid. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the cylinder head can be considerably increased.

  The object of the present invention is to provide a new connection device which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a highly reliable connection device with an uncomplicated structure. A further object is to provide an apparatus that makes it possible to deal with and control any leakage of any process fluid.

  The object of the invention can be achieved from the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

  A high pressure fluid injector for a common rail system for a large internal combustion engine thus provides a first connecting element for supplying high pressure fluid provided by the common rail system to the fluid injector, and at least for supplying low pressure fluid to the fluid injector. One second connection element. The fluid ejection device includes a collector element connectable to the fluid injector, whereby the collector element includes a second connection element, and the fluid injector is in operation to provide a fluid passage for the low pressure fluid. Join the element. The fluid injection device can be configured in particular as a fuel injection device. The fluid injector may in particular be configured as a fuel injector.

  In an embodiment, the collector element includes at least one third connection element for additional low pressure fluid. The collector element can also include a fourth connecting element. Indeed, more than four connecting elements can also be connected to the collector element. If the collector element includes second and third connecting elements and optionally further connecting elements, the replacement of the fluid injector is as simple as in the case of the single connecting element described above. Advantageously, the collector element is configured as a sleeve. Such a sleeve is easy to manufacture and can particularly use a sealing element, in particular a peripheral sealing element for sealing the passage containing the fluid to the fluid injector to the environment. Similarly, a peripheral seal element may be provided between the two fluid containing passages to the fluid injector. The passage containing the two fluids contains different fluids that should not be mixed.

  In an embodiment, the sleeve is cylindrical and has a cylindrical bore. In other embodiments, the sleeve has a central bore that is at least partially conical. Under the partial conical shape, a stepped structure should also be provided, which includes several different diameter cylindrical portions. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the smallest diameter is located closest to the injection nozzle. In particular, the surface of the central bore can be conical. The cone shape is advantageous as a fluid injector where the corresponding cone shape can be fitted to the central bore in a precise manner.

  In an embodiment, the high pressure fluid has a pressure in the range of 600 to 2000 bar. The high pressure fluid may in particular be a fuel such as diesel fuel.

  In an embodiment, the low pressure fluid has a pressure of at most 10 bar. The low pressure fluid is in particular one of a lubricant or a cooling fluid or a control fluid.

  For the control fluid, the pressure range is about 1 bar to 10 bar or less. For lubricants, the pressure range is about 6 bar to 10 bar gauge pressure or less. For low pressure fluids including leakage fluid, the pressure range is about 1 bar to 10 bar gauge pressure or less.

  The fluid injector can be removed from the collector element simply by removing the fluid injector from the bore in the collector according to any of the previous embodiments. Thus, the fluid injector can be removed in a surprisingly simple manner in a single step which additionally requires only that the high pressure pipe and the bolt holding the injector be removed.

  In an embodiment, the internal combustion engine includes a cylinder in which the piston is movably moved back and forth between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position along the longitudinal cylinder axis. . Within the cylinder, the combustion chamber is surrounded by a cylinder cover, the cylinder wall of the cylinder and the piston surface of the piston and includes a high pressure fluid injection device according to one of the previous embodiments. The internal combustion engine is at least one of a crosshead engine, in particular a crosshead large diesel engine, a trunk piston engine, a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine, or a dual fuel engine (dual fuel engine) operable in diesel or otto mode. possible.

  The invention further relates to a method for replacing a fluid injector of a fluid ejection device according to any of the previous embodiments.

  According to the invention, the connection of the low-pressure pipe is contained in a separate sleeve arranged around the injector. Since the injector must be removed and returned to the sleeve, changing the injector is quick and easy. When removing the injector, the low pressure pipe need not be removed. Since the supply and discharge connections are arranged in a sleeve around the injector, the machining complexity of the cylinder cover is not increased. Different media are separated by O-rings in the injector.

  The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a section through a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a fuel injection device according to the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a fuel injector according to the invention. FIG. 4 shows an alternative for attaching the collector element to the fuel injector and cylinder cover. FIG. 5a shows a further embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5b shows a further embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5c shows a further embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a cylinder device 100 according to the invention with a fuel injection device according to the invention for an internal combustion engine which is a longitudinal scavenging crosshead large diesel engine in this embodiment. A cylinder apparatus 100 according to FIG. 1 includes a cylinder 101 in which a piston 103 is arranged so as to reciprocate between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position along a longitudinal cylinder shaft 107. Inside, the combustion chamber 104 is defined by the cylinder cover 102, the cylinder wall 105 of the cylinder 101 and the piston surface 106 of the piston 103. Here, only one charge cycle valve 109, which is an outlet valve, is provided in the gas exchange opening 110 of the cylinder cover 102, and the gas exchange opening 110 is connected to a turbocharger not shown in a manner known per se via a gas supply conduit 111. Connected to the assembly. The charge cycle valve 109 is a valve disk that cooperates in operation with the valve seat 113 of the gas exchange opening 110 in such a way that the combustion chamber 104 is sealed to the gas supply conduit 111 in the closed position of the charge cycle valve 109. 112, and in the open position of the charge cycle valve 109, the combustion gas may exit the combustion chamber 104 and be supplied to the turbocharger assembly.

  In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine that supports a fuel injection device 2 that injects high pressure fuel into the engine cylinder in a known manner. High pressure fuel provided by a common rail system (not shown) is delivered to the fuel injector 2 through the first connecting element 7.

  At least one of the second, third, fourth and fifth connecting elements 3, 13, 23, 33 can be envisaged for the supply of lubricant or cooling fluid or their discharge. Each connection element is connected to a common collector element 5. This collector element can in particular be configured as a sleeve. The collector element comprises a central bore for receiving the fuel injector 4 therein. The collector element and / or fuel injector includes fluid passages 6, 16, 26, 36 for distributing the appropriate fluid to the appropriate use location within the fuel injector.

  FIG. 3 shows a section through the fuel injector 4. The fuel injector includes an injection nozzle 41. In the assembled state, the injection nozzle 41 slightly protrudes into the combustion chamber as shown in FIG. The injection nozzle 41 includes at least one fuel supply passage 42 for supplying high-pressure fuel into the combustion chamber 104 shown in FIG. In its simplest form, the injection nozzle 41 forms part of the housing 40 of the fuel injector. However, it may also be advantageous to configure the injection nozzle 41 as a separate component due to the fact that when the engine is in operation, the material of the injection nozzle 41 is exposed to the high temperatures spreading into the combustion chamber 104. The fuel supply passage 42 of the injection nozzle is connected to a high pressure fuel supply reservoir 43. The high pressure fuel supply reservoir 43 extends at least partially into the injection nozzle element 41.

  The injection nozzle element 41 is received in the injection nozzle holding sleeve 55. The injection nozzle holding sleeve 55 is attached to the fuel injector main body 56.

  The fuel supply passage 42 can receive fuel from the fuel reservoir 44. The fuel reservoir 44 is also disposed within the fuel injector body 56 and can receive fuel from the fuel supply conduit 45. The fuel reservoir 44 includes a movable valve element 46. The valve element 46 can thus open and close the connection passage 57 between the fuel reservoir 44 and the high-pressure fuel supply reservoir 43. The valve element comprises a tip 49 which can contact the seat 50 in the housing so as to close the connecting passage 57. In the closed state, the tip 49 is on the seat 50 to prevent any passage of fuel to the high pressure fuel supply reservoir 43. The closed state is shown in FIG.

  The valve element 46 includes an end surface 47 that is exposed to the control fuel pressure and an intermediate surface 48 that is exposed to the fuel pressure present in the fuel reservoir 58. Further, a spring 59 is disposed in the fuel reservoir 58. The spring acts on the intermediate surface 48 to keep the passageway 57 closed by the valve element 46. The spring is wound around the guide element 59. This guide element 59 is part of the valve element 46. The guide element 59 terminates at the counter part surface 47. The guide element is guided by the sleeve element 63. The sleeve element 63, the end surface 47 and the fuel injector body supporting the sleeve element 63 form a control space 64. The control space 64 is connected to the fuel conduit 45 by a throttle passage 65. The throttle passage 65 has a cross-sectional area that is at most half of the cross-sectional area of the fuel conduit 45. Furthermore, the control space 64 is connected to a control passage 66 that leads to the control fuel passage 60. The control fuel passage 60 contains fuel. The control fuel passage has a radial passage 61 in which a displacement element 81 operated by a solenoid 80 extends. The radial passage connects to the circumferential passage 62. The circumferential passage 62 forms a recess on the outer surface of the fuel injector body 56. The fluid passage 36 in FIG. 2 leads to this circumferential passage 62.

  If the fuel pressure in the fuel reservoir 58 is the same in the fuel reservoir 44 and the control space 64, the tip 49 remains on the seat 50. When the solenoid is driven, the start of fuel injection is controlled by the solenoid. As the displacement element 81 is pulled up, the pressure in the control space 64 causes the valve element 46 to open. The fuel reservoir 58 is connected to the fuel reservoir 44 by a passage 51. Fuel pressure acts on the fluid pressure on the annular surface 52 of the valve element 46 and the seat 50 during injection to push the valve element upward against the downward force applied by the spring 40. Thus, as the spring is compressed, the valve element can rise from the seat 50 to supply fuel to the high pressure fuel reservoir 43. When the fuel pressure in the control space 64 increases so that the force acting on the end surface 47 in combination with the spring force is greater than the force acting on the annular surface 52 and thus returns the valve element 46 to its closed state, The valve element 46 is closed.

  This cycle repeats and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 104 each time fuel is pumped through the supply conduit.

  Furthermore, a passage 70 for leaking fluid is envisaged. The passage 70 has a radial passage 71 through which the displacement element 81 extends. This displacement element 81 is operated by a solenoid 80. The radial passage 71 is connected to the circumferential passage 72. The circumferential passage 72 forms a recess on the outer surface of the fuel injector body 56. The fluid passage 26 in FIG. 2 leads to this circumferential passage 72.

  In addition, a passage 75 for the supply of lubricant and / or cooling fluid is envisaged. The passage 75 has a radial passage 76 and an axial passage 77. The radial passage 76 connects to the circumferential passage 78. The circumferential passage 78 forms a recess on the outer surface of the fuel injector body 56. The fluid passage 6 in FIG. 2 leads to this circumferential passage 78. Lubricant and / or cooling fluid may be exhausted through the exhaust passage 85. The passage 85 has a radial passage 86 and an axial passage 87. The radial passage 86 connects to the circumferential passage 88. The circumferential passage 88 forms a recess on the outer surface of the fuel injector body 56. The fluid passage 16 in FIG. 2 leads to this circumferential passage 88.

  The collector element 5 is shown in the same way as the fluid passages 6, 16, 26, 36 leading to the respective connection elements 3, 13, 23, 33 shown in FIG. The collector element 5 can be secured to the cylinder cover using a screw connection 90. However, this is just one variation and the collector element may not be fixed to the cylinder cover.

  The collector element can in particular be configured as a sleeve. This sleeve can be fixed to the cylinder cover, for example by bolting, or can rotate freely and the angular position is fixed only by the connecting elements 3, 13, 23, 33. The connection element can in particular be configured as a connection pipe.

  The fuel injector itself can be bolted to the collector element or directly secured to the cylinder cover. In this case, the collector element can rotate freely or can be fixed separately to the cover. Such a modification is shown in FIG. Again, parts having the same function as in the previous embodiment have the same reference numerals and reference is made to the description of FIG. The collector element 5 is attached to the cylinder cover 102 by a screw connection 91. The fuel injector 4 is attached to the collector element 5 by a screw connection 92.

  Figures 5a, 5b, 5c show a further embodiment of the invention having different types of fuel injectors. This fuel injector may be used with the same collector element shown in FIGS. Parts having the same function as in FIGS. 1 to 4 have the same reference numerals and their function will not be described again. The valve element 46 includes a fuel directing element 54 that extends into the high pressure fuel reservoir 43. The fuel directing element includes a central passage 95, which provides a connection between the high pressure fuel reservoir 43 and the intermediate fuel reservoir 96. The fuel directing element 54 may further be moved with the valve element 46 to open and close the fuel supply passage 42.

  Thus, according to the invention, the connection of the low-pressure pipe is made to a separate sleeve arranged around the fuel injector. The sleeve can remain on the cylinder cover even when the injector is removed. Due to this sleeve design, when removing the fuel injector from the cylinder cover, for example for maintenance or replacement, replacement of the fuel injector is quick and easy since the low pressure connection element does not have to be removed. As a result, the machining complexity of the cylinder cover does not increase because the supply and discharge connections are integrated into independent sleeves around the fuel injector. The different fluids are separated by seal elements, preferably O-rings, located between adjacent passages on the surface of the fuel injector, on the uppermost fluid passage and below the lowermost fluid passage. Alternatively, the sealing element can be placed in the sleeve.

  From the above, the present invention should not be construed as being limited in any way to the illustrated embodiments. The present invention may be implemented in many different embodiments within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

A large internal combustion engine having a first connection element for supplying high pressure fluid provided by a common rail system to a fluid injector and at least one second connection element for supplying low pressure fluid to the fluid injector A high-pressure fluid injection device for a common rail system for
The fluid ejection device includes a collector element connectable to the fluid injector, the collector element includes the second connection element, and the fluid injector provides a fluid passage for the low pressure fluid during operation. To be joined to the collector element,
High pressure fluid ejection device. The collector element comprises at least one third connecting element for a further low-pressure fluid;
The high pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. The collector element is configured as a sleeve;
The high-pressure fluid ejection device according to claim 1 or 2. The sleeve has a central bore that is at least partially conical,
The high-pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. The pressure of the high-pressure fluid is in the range of 600 to 2000 bar;
The high-pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. The pressure of the low-pressure fluid is at most 10 bar,
The high-pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. The high-pressure fluid is fuel;
The high-pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. Said low-pressure fluid is in particular one of a lubricant or a cooling fluid,
The high-pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. The fluid injector is removable from the collector element;
The high-pressure fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1. A piston is disposed movably back and forth between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position along a longitudinal cylinder axis;
Within the cylinder, a combustion chamber is defined by a cylinder cover, a cylinder wall of the cylinder and a piston surface of the piston;
Including the high-pressure fluid ejection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is a crosshead engine, in particular a crosshead large diesel engine,
The internal combustion engine according to claim 10. The internal combustion engine is a trunk piston engine;
The internal combustion engine according to claim 10. The internal combustion engine is a 2-stroke or 4-stroke internal combustion engine;
The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 10 to 12. The internal combustion engine is a dual fuel engine operable in diesel or otto mode;
The internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 10 to 13.   A method for replacing a fluid injector of a fluid ejection device according to any one of the preceding claims.

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