JP6067445B2 - Radar equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a radar apparatus.

  One of the radar systems employed in the in-vehicle millimeter wave radar is FM-CW (Frequency Modulation-Continuous Wave) system. This type of radar device is equipped with a transmission antenna and a reception antenna separately. During operation, the transmission and reception are performed at the same time, and the reflected wave from the target is received and processed. Is detected.

  In the radar device, circuit components are mounted on one surface (component mounting surface) of the multilayer resin substrate, and a transmission antenna and a reception antenna are formed on the other surface (antenna surface) in order to reduce the size and cost. As an antenna system, an array antenna system composed of a microstrip antenna is often used because it is formed on a resin substrate. In this configuration, it is necessary to transmit a millimeter wave signal between the component mounting surface and the antenna surface, and a coaxial line or waveguide formed in a resin substrate with a through hole is generally used as the transmission line. In particular, since the wavelength is short in the millimeter wave band, a waveguide that can be made small and has a low loss is often used. In this case, a structure in which a waveguide / microstrip line converter is provided on the antenna surface, a feed circuit having a distribution / combination function by the microstrip line is configured from this, and connected to the patch element antenna configuring the array antenna is provided. It is common.

  Patent Document 1 describes that in a receiving system of an in-vehicle millimeter wave radar, a mixer is flip-chip mounted on an antenna mounting surface of a resin substrate in the vicinity of a feeding point of the receiving antenna. Thus, according to Patent Document 1, it is said that the transmission path route to the mixer of the received millimeter wave signal can be suppressed to a minimum length.

JP 2010-273049 A

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, in the transmission antenna, a large number of patch elements are attached to the feed line (microstrip line) on the antenna mounting surface of the resin substrate, and the feed point of the transmission antenna is the feed line (microstrip line). In the configuration, only one is provided at substantially the center of each of the two and connected to the waveguide microstrip line converter. In such a feeding circuit, the microstrip line from the waveguide microstripline converter to the patch element tends to be long. Since the microstrip line has characteristics that the line loss is large in a high frequency band such as the millimeter wave band and the unnecessary radiation from the line is large, the configuration described in Patent Document 1 has a large feeding loss and the microstrip line. Unwanted radiation from the track may also increase. If the feed loss increases, the antenna power gain decreases, and if unnecessary radiation increases, the antenna radiation characteristics such as side lobe increases and the isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas decrease. Then, the radar performance may be deteriorated.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a radar apparatus that can reduce power supply loss and can reduce unnecessary radiation from a microstrip line.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a radar apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a component mounting surface on which circuit components are mounted, and an antenna surface disposed on the opposite side of the component mounting surface. A first waveguide extending from the component mounting surface so as to approach the antenna surface, and approaching the antenna surface from the first waveguide. And a plurality of microstrip antennas formed on the antenna surface and electrically connected to the plurality of microstrip antennas on the antenna surface. A plurality of transducers; and a plurality of coupling slots for electromagnetically coupling the second waveguide and the plurality of transducers.

  According to the present invention, the length of the microstrip line on the antenna surface can be shortened, and the ratio of the length of the microstrip line in the power supply path from the component mounting surface (device substrate) to the microstrip antenna can be reduced. That is, since the waveguide feed line by the first waveguide or the second waveguide has a lower loss than the microstrip line, the feed loss can be reduced as a whole. Further, since the waveguide feed line has no unnecessary radiation, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the antenna radiation characteristics and improve the isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas. In other words, power supply loss can be reduced and unnecessary radiation from the microstrip line can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the antenna surface of the radar apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a lower layer of the antenna substrate of the radar apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the radar apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the antenna surface of the radar apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a lower layer of the antenna substrate of the radar apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the radar apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an antenna surface of a radar apparatus according to a comparative example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a radar apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
A radar apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The radar apparatus 1 is used as, for example, an in-vehicle millimeter wave radar, and employs an FM-CW (Frequency Modulation-Continuous Wave) system. The radar apparatus 1 includes a transmission antenna 70 and a reception antenna 80 separately (see FIG. 1). During the operation, for example, transmission and reception are performed at the same time, and a reflected wave from the target is received and processed. The distance to the target and the target moving speed are detected.

  In the radar apparatus 1, circuit components are mounted on one surface of the multilayer resin substrate 10 and an antenna is formed on the other surface in order to reduce the size and cost. For example, the multilayer resin substrate 10 is formed by sequentially laminating a plurality of resin substrates 11 to 15, and a component mounting surface 10 a for mounting components and an antenna (transmitting antenna 70 and receiving antenna 80) are arranged. Antenna surface 10b (see FIG. 3). Among the plurality of resin substrates 11 to 15, the resin substrate 15 is different from the other resin substrates 11 to 14 in the multilayer resin substrate 10 in that the transmission antenna 70 and the reception antenna 80 are formed. It will be called a substrate 15.

  On the component mounting surface 10a of the multilayer resin substrate 10, for example, the transmitting / receiving device substrate 20 is mounted by a mounting method such as BGA (Ball Grid Array) mounting via a plurality of solder balls SB (see FIG. 3). A metal film 21 is disposed on the component mounting surface 20 a of the transmission / reception device substrate 20, and circuit components are mounted on the metal film 21 by a mounting method such as flip chip mounting. The circuit component is, for example, an MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit), and includes a transmission circuit (not shown) and a reception circuit (not shown). That is, a plurality of circuit components are mounted on the component mounting surface 10 a of the multilayer resin substrate 10 via the transmission / reception device substrate 20.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration when the radar apparatus 1 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration when the lower surface of the antenna substrate 15 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the component mounting surface 10a when the antenna substrate 15 is removed from the radar apparatus 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration when cut along the line AA in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, the arrangement of the antenna substrate 15 before the antenna substrate 15 is removed is indicated by a broken line.

  In the radar apparatus 1, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a transmission antenna 70 and a reception antenna 80 are formed on the antenna surface 10 b of the antenna substrate 15. That is, the radar apparatus 1 employs an array antenna system including microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-82 as an antenna system. For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of 4 transmission channels and 4 reception channels. In the radar apparatus 1, it is necessary to transmit a signal such as a millimeter wave between the component mounting surface 10a side and the antenna surface 10b side. For this reason, in the multilayer resin substrate 10, the 1st waveguide 40 (refer FIG. 2, FIG. 3) and the 2nd waveguide 30 are formed as a transmission line. For example, since the wavelength is short in the millimeter wave band, the first waveguide 40 and the second waveguide 30 that can be made small and have a low loss are advantageous as transmission lines.

  Specifically, the radar device 1 is provided with a first waveguide 40 and a second waveguide 30 as a configuration for the transmission antenna 70, for example. The first waveguide 40 is a type of waveguide that uses a cavity, and the second waveguide 30 is a type of waveguide that uses a plurality of through-hole conductors.

  Specifically, the first waveguide 40 extends from the component mounting surface 10a so as to approach the antenna surface 10b. The first waveguide 40 extends through the multilayer resin substrate 10 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b. For example, the first waveguide 40 has a cavity 10h. The cavity 10h is formed by rolling a plurality of resin substrates 11 to 13 in the multilayer resin substrate 10 (see FIG. 3). For example, the cavity 10 h includes the resin layer 11 a of the resin substrate 11, the conductive layer 11 b of the resin substrate 11, the resin layer 12 a of the resin substrate 12, the conductive layer 12 b of the resin substrate 12, the resin layer 13 a of the resin substrate 13, and the resin substrate 13. The conductive layer 13b is sequentially penetrated and extends to a position where the resin layer 14a of the resin substrate 14 is exposed.

  The second waveguide 30 is disposed between the first waveguide 40 and the antenna surface 10b. For example, the second waveguide 30 has a plurality of through-hole conductors TH-1 to TH-k. Each through-hole conductor TH-1 to TH-k extends from the first waveguide 40 so as to approach the antenna surface 10b. The plurality of through-hole conductors TH-1 to TH-k are arranged in a direction along the antenna surface 10b between the first waveguide 40 and the antenna surface 10b. Each through-hole conductor TH-1 to TH-k passes through the resin layer 14a of the resin substrate 14 so as to electrically connect the conductive layer 13b of the resin substrate 13 and the conductive layer 14b of the resin substrate 14, for example. ing.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the antenna substrate 15 has waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-8, microstrip lines MSL-11 to MSL-82, and an antenna surface 10b on the antenna surface 10b. Microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-82 are arranged. Microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-82 are connected to the waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-8 via microstrip lines MSL-11 to MSL-82.

  That is, the plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-42 constitute a transmission antenna 70, and a plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90 via the plurality of microstrip lines MSL-11 to MSL-42. -1 to 90-4. The plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4 and the plurality of microstrip lines MSL-11 to MSL-42 are used to feed power to the plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-42. Functions as a power feeding circuit.

  Further, the plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-51 to MSA-82 constitute a reception antenna 80, and a plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90 via the plurality of microstrip lines MSL-51 to MSL-82. Connected to -5 to 90-8. The plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-5 to 90-8 and the plurality of microstrip lines MSL-51 to MSL-82 are for receiving power from the plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-51 to MSA-82. Functions as a power receiving circuit.

  The antenna substrate 15 is integrated with the other resin substrates 11 to 14 in the multilayer resin substrate 10 by bonding with an adhesive, and the conductive layer 14b in contact with the back surface thereof becomes a ground surface (surface of ground potential). The conductive layer 14 b is provided with a plurality of coupling slots (metal film removing portions) 60 by opening a portion corresponding to the back surface of the waveguide-microstrip line converter 90. That is, the plurality of coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4 are provided corresponding to the plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4. As a result, the second waveguide 30 and the plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4 are electromagnetically coupled, so that the second waveguide 30 and the microstrip line MSL are coupled. The millimeter wave can be exchanged with -11 to MSL-42.

  At this time, when the plurality of through-hole conductors TH-1 to TH-k in the second waveguide 30 are seen through from a direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b, the plurality of coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4 are provided. The first waveguide 40 is included inside as well as inside. As a result, the second waveguide 30 can distribute and transmit the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the first waveguide 40 to the plurality of coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4, thereby efficiently reducing the feeding loss during transmission. Can be reduced.

Each coupling slot 60-1 to 60-4 extends along the longitudinal direction of the first waveguide 40 when seen through from the direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b. This makes it easy to place the first waveguide 40 in the vicinity of the center of the arrangement of the plurality of coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4 when seen through from the direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b. . When the arrangement position of the first waveguide 40 is set near the center of the arrangement of the plurality of coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4, the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the first waveguide 40 is transmitted to the plurality of coupling slots 60-. 1-60-4 can be distributed with good balance.
Next, the operation of the radar apparatus 1 will be described.

  The transmission signal generated by the transmission / reception device substrate 20 is transmitted to a first waveguide (feeding waveguide) 40 provided in the multilayer resin substrate 10 substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface. In the present embodiment, this transmission signal is once transmitted to the second waveguide (feeding waveguide, through-hole waveguide) 30 in the resin substrate 14 formed with the through-hole conductors TH-1 to TH-k. To do. The second waveguide 30 is in the lower layer of the waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4 of the transmission antenna, and is connected to the antenna from the lower layer via the coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4. The transmission signal is transmitted to the waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4 on the substrate 15.

  The first embodiment shows an example in which the coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4 are set in a direction substantially perpendicular to the signal transmission direction of the second waveguide (through-hole waveguide) 30. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the extending direction of each coupling slot 60-1 to 60-4 is substantially the same as the direction from the first waveguide 40 toward each coupling slot 60-1 to 60-4. Right angle. With this configuration, the coupling amount can be easily adjusted by adjusting the slot dimensions.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 7, in the transmission antenna 970, only one waveguide-microstrip line converter 990 is provided in the approximate center of the plurality of microstrip lines MSL-911 to MSL-942. think of. That is, the plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-911 to MSA-942 are connected to the waveguide-microstrip line converter 990 via the plurality of microstrip lines MSL-911 to MSL-942. In this case, the microstrip lines MSL-911 to MSL-942 from the waveguide-microstrip line converter 990 to the microstrip antennas MSA-911 to MSA-942 tend to be longer. Since the microstrip line has characteristics that a line loss is large in a high frequency band such as a millimeter wave band and unnecessary radiation from the line is large, the configuration shown in FIG. There is also a possibility that the unnecessary radiation will increase. When the feed loss is increased, the antenna power gain is decreased, and when unnecessary radiation is increased, the antenna radiation characteristics are degraded such as an increase in side lobes and the isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas is decreased. Radar performance may be degraded.

  On the other hand, in the first embodiment, in the radar apparatus 1, the first waveguide 40 extends from the component mounting surface 10a so as to approach the antenna surface 10b. The second waveguide 30 has a plurality of through-hole conductors TH-1 to TH-k extending from the first waveguide 40 so as to approach the antenna surface 10b. The plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-42 are formed on the antenna surface 10b. The plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4 are electrically connected to the plurality of microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-42. The plurality of coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4 electromagnetically couple the second waveguide 30 and the plurality of waveguide-microstrip line converters 90-1 to 90-4. Thereby, the length of the microstrip lines MSL-11 to MSL-42 on the antenna surface 10b can be shortened, and the power feeding path from the component mounting surface 10a (transmission / reception device substrate 20) to the microstrip antennas MSA-11 to MSA-42. The ratio of the length of the microstrip lines MSL-11 to MSL-42 can be reduced. That is, since the waveguide feed line by the first waveguide 40 and the second waveguide 30 has a lower loss than the microstrip line, the feed loss can be reduced as a whole. Further, since the waveguide feed line has no unnecessary radiation, it is possible to reduce the deterioration of the antenna radiation characteristics and improve the isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas. In other words, power supply loss can be reduced and unnecessary radiation from the microstrip line can be reduced.

  In this embodiment, since the receiving antenna 80 is a single-row array antenna, the same configuration as that of the comparative example is considered in consideration of space limitations. However, the receiving antenna is a multi-row array antenna similar to the transmitting antenna. Then, the same effect can be obtained with the same configuration as the transmission antenna.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
A radar apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment will be described. Below, it demonstrates focusing on a different part from Embodiment 1. FIG.

  In the first embodiment, an example in which the coupling slots 60-1 to 60-4 are set in a direction substantially perpendicular to the signal transmission direction of the second waveguide (through-hole waveguide) 30 is shown. In form 2, the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 are set in a direction parallel to the signal transmission direction.

  Specifically, the radar apparatus 100 is configured as shown in FIGS. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when the radar apparatus 100 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration when the lower surface of the antenna substrate 15 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the component mounting surface 10a when the antenna substrate 15 is removed from the radar apparatus 100. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration when cut along the line BB in FIG. 5. In FIG. 6, the arrangement of the antenna substrate 15 before removing the antenna substrate 15 is indicated by a broken line.

  In the radar apparatus 100, each of the plurality of coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 extends along the short direction of the first waveguide 40 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10 b. . In this configuration, the longitudinal direction of the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 is set to be substantially parallel to the signal transmission direction of the second waveguide (through-hole waveguide) 30. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 extend in the direction from the first waveguide 40 toward the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8. The directions are substantially parallel. With this configuration, the amount of coupling can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of offset of the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 with respect to the center line of the second waveguide (through-hole waveguide) 30. For example, FIG. 5 shows an example in which the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 are shifted to the left through-hole row side with respect to the center line of the waveguide (through-hole waveguide) 30. Alternatively, for example, although not shown, the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 may be shifted to the right through-hole row side with respect to the center line of the waveguide (through-hole waveguide) 30.

  In accordance with the configuration of the coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 as described above, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, on the antenna surface 10b, the respective waveguide-microstrip line converters 190-1 to 190-1. 190-8 is arranged on the center line of the transmission antenna 170. For this reason, the degree of freedom in setting the aperture distribution of the transmitting antenna 170 is smaller than that of the first embodiment, but the lengths of the microstrip lines MSL-1111 to MSL-142, which are feed lines, are further increased as compared with the first embodiment. Can be shortened.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, in the radar device 100, each of the plurality of coupling slots 160-1 to 160-8 is the first waveguide when seen through from the direction perpendicular to the antenna surface 10b. It extends along the 40 transverse direction. Thus, each of the waveguide-microstrip line converters 190-1 to 190-8 can be arranged on the center line of the transmission antenna 170, and the lengths of the microstrip lines MSL-1111 to MSL-142 as feed lines are further increased. Can be shortened.

  As described above, the radar apparatus according to the present invention is useful for signal transmission and the like.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,100 Radar apparatus, 30 2nd waveguide, 40 1st waveguide, 60,160 coupling slot, 90,190 Waveguide-microstrip line converter.

Claims (2)

A radar device having a multilayer resin substrate having a component mounting surface on which circuit components are mounted and an antenna surface disposed on the opposite side of the component mounting surface,
A first waveguide extending from the component mounting surface to approach the antenna surface;
A second waveguide having a plurality of through-hole conductors extending from the first waveguide so as to approach the antenna surface;
A plurality of microstrip antennas formed on the antenna surface;
A plurality of transducers electrically connected to the different microstrip antennas on the antenna surface;
A plurality of coupling slots for electromagnetically coupling the second waveguide and the plurality of transducers;
With
The plurality of microstrip antennas are electrically connected to the converters having the shortest distance between the converter and a portion electrically connected to the converter among the plurality of converters. Connected,
The plurality of through-hole conductors include the plurality of coupling slots on the inside by surrounding four sides of the plurality of coupling slots with the plurality of through-hole conductors when seen through from a direction perpendicular to the antenna surface.
Each of the plurality of coupling slots extends along the short direction of the first waveguide when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the antenna surface, and extends in four directions of the plurality of coupling slots. to the plurality of through-hole conductors of the first waveguide core within that put the longitudinal direction of the surrounding, the position in the longitudinal direction of the first waveguide, characterized in that it is offset Radar device. The first waveguide extends in the multilayer resin substrate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the antenna surface,
The radar device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of through-hole conductors are arranged in a direction along the antenna surface between the first waveguide and the antenna surface.

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