JP6054127B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool including a workpiece exchange device that exchanges a workpiece held in a machine body and a workpiece in a setup portion.

As a conventional workpiece exchange device, the workpiece carry-in device and the workpiece carry-out device are distributed and arranged so as to sandwich the machining area and fit within the width of the machine body cover, and the workpiece mounting table of both devices is set to the neutral position and the workpiece supply position. Between the neutral position and the workpiece transfer position (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Patent No. 4396609

  In the conventional apparatus, since the work carry-in apparatus and the work carry-out apparatus are separately provided and arranged in the machine body cover, there is a problem that the entire machine is easily increased in size. In addition, the workpiece mounting table of both devices is moved forward or backward between the neutral position and the workpiece supply position, and subsequently rotated between the neutral position and the workpiece transfer position. There is a problem that it takes time to supply and discharge the tool spindle.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of reducing the size of the entire machine and shortening the work exchange time.

The invention of claim 1 is directed to a workpiece and a setup held by a workpiece holding portion of a spindle that is movably disposed in an axial direction (Z-axis direction) and a direction orthogonal to the axial line (Y-axis direction) of the machine body. In a machine tool equipped with a workpiece exchange device for exchanging workpieces carried into the section,
The workpiece changer is provided on the machine body and is provided so as to be turnable from a first position to a second position around a turning axis parallel to the Y axis, and has a first arm provided with an arm holding portion . 1 work exchange part, 2nd arm provided with work gripping part and material gripping part, held at the arm holding part, and at a third position around a rotation axis orthogonal to a straight line parallel to the Y axis And a second workpiece exchange part provided to be rotatable from the first position to the fourth position,
The first arm performs a turning operation on a first plane parallel to a plane including the axis of the main axis and orthogonal to the Y-axis direction,
The second arm rotates on a second plane orthogonal to the first plane and parallel to the Y-axis direction;
The first position is a position where the arm holding portion of the first arm is inclined with respect to the axis of the main shaft, and the second position is a position where the arm holding portion is parallel to the axis of the main shaft.
The third position is a prone position where the second arm is parallel to the arm holding portion when the first arm is located at the first position, and the fourth position is the first arm. Is positioned in the second position, the second arm is perpendicular to the arm holding portion, the workpiece gripping portion or the material gripping portion is an upright position facing the workpiece holding portion of the spindle,
The work carried in the set-up part is moved to a position where the work holding part can be held by performing the operations of the first work exchange part and the second work exchange part in conjunction with each other. .

The invention of claim 2 is the machine tool according to claim 1 ,
A machine body door that opens and closes an opening for an operator to access the machine body, and a setup door that opens and closes an opening for an operator to load and unload the workpiece into and from the workpiece changer,
A surface facing when an operator opens and closes the machine main body door and a surface facing when an operator opens and closes the setup door are arranged so as to obliquely intersect with each other.

The invention of claim 3 is the machine tool according to claim 2 ,
The surface that the operator faces when opening and closing the machine body door is substantially parallel to the axis of the main shaft that holds and rotates the workpiece, and the surface that the operator faces when opening and closing the setup door is the axis. It is characterized by being arranged obliquely with respect to.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the plurality of machine tools according to the second or third aspect, surfaces facing each other when an operator opens and closes the machine body door in each machine tool are parallel to each other, and the operator It is a processing line characterized in that the surfaces facing each other when the door is opened and closed are positioned on the same straight line.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the work changer is provided with the first work changer provided in the machine body so as to be movable from the first position to the second position, and the first work changer is moved from the third position. Since it has the 2nd work exchange part provided so that movement to the 4th position was possible, the freedom degree of the movement path of the work carried in to the setup part to the position where the work holding part can be held can be improved. .

In addition, the movement of the first workpiece exchange unit from the first position to the second position and the movement of the second workpiece exchange unit from the third position to the fourth position are linked, that is, from the first position to the second position. Since the movement to the position and the movement from the third position to the fourth position are performed at the same time, the work carried into the setup section can be moved to a position where the work holding section can hold it in a short time. . For example, as in the case of the conventional apparatus, when advancing or retreating between the neutral position and the workpiece supply position and subsequently rotating between the neutral position and the workpiece transfer position, the time required for exchanging the workpiece is increased accordingly.

  In addition, when the machine main body is provided with the first work changer and the first work changer is provided with the second work changer, the work loading device and the work unloading device are provided separately as in the conventional device. Compared to, the entire machine can be downsized.

Further, the first work exchanging part operates on a first plane parallel to a plane including the axis of the main shaft that holds and rotates the work, and the second work exchanging part is orthogonal to the first plane. Since the operation is performed on the second plane, the operation of the first workpiece exchange unit and the operation of the second workpiece exchange unit can be linked without interfering with each other, and the workpiece exchange time can be shortened reliably. it can.

According to the invention of claim 2 , the face that faces when the operator opens and closes the machine body door for accessing the machine body, and the face that faces when the worker opens and closes the setup door for loading and unloading the workpiece. Since it is arranged so that the surface intersects diagonally, the worker who stands in front of the machine body door and accesses the machine body interferes with the worker who stands in front of the setup door and performs work setup work. Can be avoided. Accordingly, the work setup work can be performed without any trouble even during the maintenance of the machine body.

  Further, as compared with the case where the machine main body door and the setup door are arranged adjacent to each other so as to form the same straight line, the width of the entire machine can be reduced by the amount that one door is inclined with respect to the other door.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the surface that the operator faces when opening and closing the machine body door is substantially parallel to the axis of the main shaft, and the surface that the operator faces when opening and closing the setup door is arranged obliquely with respect to the axis. The configuration of the second aspect can be realized without hindrance, and the operational effect of the second aspect can be obtained with certainty.

According to the invention of claim 4 , a plurality of machine tools are configured such that the faces facing when the operator opens and closes the machine body door are parallel to each other and the faces facing when the operator opens and closes the setup door are collinear. Therefore, even if the interval between the machine tools is narrowed, it is easy to secure a necessary space when an operator stands in front of the machine body door and accesses the machine body. Therefore, the processing line length can be shortened while ensuring the necessary number of machines.

1 is a schematic plan view of a processing line in which a plurality of turret lathes equipped with a workpiece changer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention are arranged in parallel. It is a perspective view of the turret lathe. It is a schematic plan view of the turret lathe. It is a perspective view of the said workpiece | work exchange apparatus. It is a top view of the said workpiece | work exchange apparatus. It is a front view of the said workpiece | work exchange apparatus. It is a right view of the said workpiece | work exchange apparatus. It is a left view of the said workpiece | work exchange apparatus. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the said workpiece | work exchange apparatus.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a processing line in which a turning work, a drilling process, and the like are sequentially added to one material work to obtain a finished product work. This processing line 1 has a configuration in which a plurality of turret lathes (machine tools) 3 provided with the workpiece changer 2 of this embodiment are arranged in parallel on the arrangement line L. In the case of the working line 1 of this embodiment, the workpiece M2 is transferred between the turret lathes 3 and 3 by the operator M2, but of course, it may be automated by providing a transfer mechanism.

The turret lathe 3 has a machine main body 3a and an accessory device 3b for supplying coolant and power to the machine main body 3a. The machine body 3a has a headstock 5 disposed on a bed 4 so as to be movable in a Z-axis (axis 5a 'axis of the main shaft 5a) direction and a Y-axis (vertical) direction perpendicular to the Z-axis. It is arranged so as to be movable in the X-axis (front-rear) direction perpendicular to the Z-axis and Y-axis, and has a schematic structure in which the periphery is surrounded by a body cover 7.

A chuck 5b for holding a workpiece is disposed at the tip of the main shaft 5a. The chuck 5b holds or releases the workpiece by moving a plurality of claws in a direction perpendicular to the axis 5a ′. A turret 6a having a large number of tools is disposed at the tip of the tool post 6 so as to be able to rotate and index. Processing is performed by causing the tool of the turret 6a to act on the workpiece while rotating the spindle 5a while holding the workpiece on the chuck 5b.

Here, the machine body 3a is arranged such that the axis 5a 'of the main shaft 5a makes a predetermined angle θ, 45 ° in this embodiment, with respect to the arrangement line L. On the other hand, the body cover 7 is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view, and is arranged so that its long side forms 90 ° with respect to the arrangement line L.

A working space A is formed in the bed 4 and the machine body cover 7 so as to cut out the rectangular corner portion when the worker M1 performs maintenance of the machine body 3a. An opening 7a is formed in the work space A portion of the machine body cover 7 to allow the operator M1 to access the headstock 5 and the tool rest 6 when the machine body 3a performs maintenance or the like. The opening 7a is opened and closed by a machine body door 8 that is slidably arranged in the left and right directions.

Here, the face that the operator M1 faces when opening and closing the machine body door 8, specifically, the outer surface 8 a of the machine body door 8 is parallel to the axis 5 a ′ of the headstock 5.

In addition, an opening 7b through which a worker M2 loads and unloads the workpiece into and from the workpiece changer 2 at the set-up portion 22b is formed in a portion of the machine body cover 7 facing the arrangement line L. The opening 7b is opened and closed by a setup door 9 arranged so as to be slidable up and down.

Here, the surface that the operator M2 faces when opening and closing the setup door 9, specifically, the outer surface 9 a of the setup door 9 in the closed position forms 45 ° with respect to the axis 5 a ′ of the headstock 5. ing. Accordingly, the extension line of the outer surface 8a of the machine body door 8 and the outer surface 9a of the setup door 9 crosses obliquely at an angle of 45 °.

In this way, in the processing line 1, each machine body 3a is arranged so that the outer surface 8a of each machine body door 8 is parallel to each other and the outer surface 9a of each setup door 9 is located on the same straight line. It is comprised by arranging.

The work changer 2 includes a first work changer 10 that is turnably supported on the bed 4 of the machine body 3a, and a second work changer that is turnably supported by the first work changer 10. 11.

The first workpiece exchanging portion 10 has a first arm 12 having an L shape in plan view and an end 12a ′ of a lateral side portion 12a of the first arm 12 around a turning axis a parallel to the Y axis. It has a bearing portion 13 that is supported so as to be pivotable in the horizontal direction, a substrate 14 to which the bearing portion 13 is fixed, and a drive motor 23 that is fixed to the substrate 14 and that drives the first arm 12 to pivot. The substrate 14 is fixed to the bed 4. Further, a shaft support portion 15 is formed at an end portion 12b 'of the vertical side portion (arm holding portion) 12b of the first arm 12.

The first arm 12 is formed on a first plane parallel to the axis 5a ′ of the headstock 5 and perpendicular to the Y axis (a plane parallel to the paper surface of FIG. 5). It is possible to move from a first position (position shown in FIG. 9A) that forms 45 ° to 5a ′ to a second position (position shown in FIG. 9C) that coincides with the axis 5a ′. ing.

The second work exchanging portion 11 is supported on the shaft support portion 15 of the first arm 12 so as to be pivotable in the vertical direction around the pivot shaft b disposed in parallel with the first plane. And a finished product hand (work gripping portion) 17 and a material hand (material gripping portion) 18 that are disposed on the second arm 16 so as to be able to grip a workpiece, and the second arm 16 and the substrate 14 are connected. And a drive rod 19.

The second arm 16 is perpendicular to the first plane and includes a straight line 16b connecting the axes of the finished product hand 17 and the material hand 18 and the vertical side portion 12b of the first arm 12 on the second plane. Is movable to a fourth position (position shown in FIG. 9C) perpendicular to the vertical side portion 12b from a third position (position shown in FIGS. 6 and 9A) parallel to the vertical side 12b. .

The finished product hand 17 includes a base portion 17a fixed to the upper surface of the second arm 16, and three sets of claws 17b disposed on the base portion 17a so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the hand. Have. The material hand 18 also has a base portion 18a having the same structure and three sets of claws 18b. The base portions 17a and 18a are provided to be urged in the axial direction of the base portion, so as to alleviate a shock at the time of workpiece replacement.

The drive rod 19 is for moving the second workpiece exchange unit 11 on the second plane in conjunction with the movement of the first workpiece exchange unit 10 on the first plane. One end portion 19a of the drive rod 19 is connected to a drive arm portion 16a projecting from the tip of the second arm 16 beyond the rotation axis b so as to form a connection axis d via a ball joint 20a. The other end 19b of the drive rod 19 is connected to the tip 14a of the substrate 14 via a ball joint 20b so as to form a connecting shaft c. Reference numeral 19c denotes an adjusting screw that adjusts the length of the drive rod 19 and thereby adjusts the angular position of the second arm 16.

Here, the turning point C1 of the connecting point d 'between the drive arm portion 16a and the ball joint 20a in the direction B approaching the axis 5a' around the turning axis a of the first arm 12, and the connecting point d ' When the turning trajectory C2 in the direction B around the connection point c of the drive rod 19 is compared, a larger deviation D occurs as the turning angle of the first arm 12 increases.

As a result, as the turning angle of the first arm 12 increases, the drive rod 19 pulls the drive arm portion 16a to rotate the second arm 16 about the rotation axis b.

The deviation D causes the connecting shaft c between the drive rod 19 and the substrate 14 to be displaced to the opposite side of the direction B from the turning shaft a, and the connecting point d ′ and the connecting shaft c. This occurs because the horizontal distance (radius) R2 is set shorter than the horizontal distance (radius) R1 between the connecting point d 'and the pivot axis a. That is, the deviation D increases as the deflection increases and the radius R2 is set to be smaller than the radius R1, and the second arm 16 rotates greatly with respect to the turning of the first arm 12. In this embodiment, the second arm 16 is rotated 90 ° while the first arm 12 is rotated 45 ° by appropriately setting the displacement and the radii R1, R2.

In the turret lathe 3 of this embodiment, during machining, the workpiece changer 2 is located at the set-up position (first position) indicated by the solid line in FIG. 9A or FIG. The vertical side portion 12b of the first arm 12 forms 45 ° with respect to the axis 5a ′ of the main shaft 5a. In this state, the operator M2 opens the setup door 9 to take out the processed workpiece W1 from the finished product hand 17, and sets the unprocessed workpiece W2 in the material hand 18. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the setup area 22b and the machining area 22a are defined by the partition plate 21, and the workpiece can be safely carried in and out even during machining. it can.

When the machining is completed, the partition plate 21 is moved to the standby position, and the first arm 12 of the first work changing unit 10 of the work changing device 2 is driven to turn around the turning axis a by the drive motor 23. Along with this turning, the drive rod 19 rotates the second arm 16 of the second workpiece exchanging part 11 by the amount of the deviation D (see FIG. 9B).

When the first arm 12 is turned by 45 °, the finished product hand 17 and the material hand 18 can receive the processed workpieces at positions opposed to the chuck 5b of the spindle 5, that is, can deliver unprocessed workpieces. (See FIG. 9C). In this state, the main shaft 5 moves in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the processed workpiece W1 held by the chuck 5b is transferred to the finished product hand 17, and subsequently held by the material hand 18. The unprocessed workpiece W2 is transferred to the chuck 5b of the spindle 5.

As described above, in the present embodiment apparatus, the movement of the first arm 12 of the first workpiece exchange unit 10 from the first position to the second position and the third position of the second arm 16 of the second workpiece exchange unit 11 are changed from the third position. Since the movement to the fourth position is interlocked, that is, the movement from the first position to the second position and the movement from the third position to the fourth position are performed simultaneously, it is carried into the setup section 22b. The workpiece W can be moved to a position where the chuck 5b of the main spindle 5a can be held in a short time. For example, as in the case of the conventional apparatus, when advancing or retreating between the neutral position and the workpiece supply position and subsequently rotating between the neutral position and the workpiece transfer position, the time required for exchanging the workpiece is increased accordingly.

  In addition, since the first work exchanging unit 10 is provided in the machine body 3a and the second work exchanging unit 11 is provided in the first work exchanging unit 10, the work loading device and the work unloading device are separated independently as in the conventional device. The entire machine can be downsized as compared with the case where it is provided.

  The first arm 12 of the first workpiece exchanging section 10 operates on a first plane parallel to a plane including the axis 5a ′ of the main shaft 5a that holds and rotates the workpiece, and the second workpiece exchange Since the second arm 16 of the part 11 operates on a second plane orthogonal to the first plane, the operation of the first workpiece exchange unit 10 and the operation of the second workpiece exchange unit 11 can be performed mutually. The work can be linked without interference, and the work exchange time can be reliably shortened.

  Furthermore, the face facing when the operator M1 opens and closes the machine body door 8 for accessing the headstock 5 and the tool post 6 of the machine body 3a, that is, the outer surface 8a of the door 8, and the worker M2 The machine main body door 8 and the setup door 9 are arranged so that a surface facing when the setup door 9 for loading and unloading the door is opened and closed, that is, an outer surface 9a of the door 9 obliquely intersects. More specifically, the machine body door 8 is disposed in parallel with the axis 5a ′ of the main shaft 5a, and the setup door 9 is disposed obliquely with respect to the axis 5a ′. Thus, it is possible to avoid interference between the worker M1 who accesses the machine main body 3a and the worker M2 who stands in front of the setup door 9 and performs the work setup work. Therefore, even during the maintenance of the machine body 3a, the work setup work can be performed without any trouble.

  In addition, compared to the case where the machine body door 8 and the setup door 9 are arranged adjacent to each other so as to form the same straight line, the width of the entire machine can be reduced by the amount that one door is inclined with respect to the other door. .

  Further, when the operator M1 opens and closes the machine door 8, the door outer surfaces 8a facing each other when the operator M1 opens and closes the machine body door 8 are parallel to each other, and the operator M2 opens and closes the setup door 9. The outer surface 9a of the doors facing each other is arranged on the same straight line, so that even if the arrangement interval of the turret lathes 3 and 3 is reduced, the worker M1 stands in front of the machine body door 8 It is easy to secure a work space A necessary for accessing the main body 3a. Therefore, the processing line length can be shortened while ensuring the necessary number of machines.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the turning angle of the first arm 12 is 45 ° and the turning angle of the second arm 16 is 90 ° has been described. However, the setting of the turning angle and the turning angle in the present invention is described. Is arbitrary and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

1 Processing Line 2 Work Changer 3 Turret Lathe (Machine Tool)
3a Machine body 5a Spindle 5a 'Axis 5b Chuck (work holding part)
7a Opening for accessing the machine body 7b Opening for loading and unloading the work 8 Machine body door 8a Face 9 facing when opening / closing the machine body door Setup door 9a Face facing when opening / closing the setup door 10 First work replacement part 11 2 Work exchange part 22b Setup part M1, M2 Worker
W Work

Claims (4)

A workpiece held in a workpiece holding portion of a main shaft disposed so as to be movable in an axial direction (Z-axis direction) and a direction orthogonal to the axial line (Y-axis direction) of the machine body, and a workpiece carried in a setup portion In a machine tool equipped with a workpiece changer that replaces
The workpiece changer is provided on the machine body and is provided so as to be turnable from a first position to a second position around a turning axis parallel to the Y axis, and has a first arm provided with an arm holding portion . 1 work exchange part, 2nd arm provided with work gripping part and material gripping part, held at the arm holding part, and at a third position around a rotation axis orthogonal to a straight line parallel to the Y axis And a second workpiece exchange part provided to be rotatable from the first position to the fourth position,
The first arm performs a turning operation on a first plane parallel to a plane including the axis of the main axis and orthogonal to the Y-axis direction,
The second arm rotates on a second plane orthogonal to the first plane and parallel to the Y-axis direction;
The first position is a position where the arm holding portion of the first arm is inclined with respect to the axis of the main shaft, and the second position is a position where the arm holding portion is parallel to the axis of the main shaft.
The third position is a prone position where the second arm is parallel to the arm holding portion when the first arm is located at the first position, and the fourth position is the first arm. Is positioned in the second position, the second arm is perpendicular to the arm holding portion, the workpiece gripping portion or the material gripping portion is an upright position facing the workpiece holding portion of the spindle,
The work carried in the setup part is moved to a position where the work holding part can be held by performing the operation of the first work exchange part and the second work exchange part in conjunction with each other. Machine Tools. The machine tool according to claim 1,
A machine body door that opens and closes an opening for an operator to access the machine body, and a setup door that opens and closes an opening for an operator to load and unload the workpiece into and from the workpiece changer,
A machine tool, wherein a surface that faces when an operator opens and closes the machine body door and a surface that faces when an operator opens and closes the setup door are obliquely intersected. The machine tool according to claim 2,
The surface that the operator faces when opening and closing the machine body door is substantially parallel to the axis of the main shaft that holds and rotates the workpiece, and the surface that the operator faces when opening and closing the setup door is the axis. A machine tool characterized by being disposed obliquely with respect to the machine tool. The plurality of machine tools according to claim 2 or 3, wherein faces facing each other when an operator opens and closes the machine body door in each machine tool are parallel to each other, and faces when the operator opens and closes the setup door. A processing line characterized in that the surfaces are arranged on the same straight line.

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