JP6053330B2 - house - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a house capable of suppressing damage caused by a tsunami or flood.

Buildings built in coastal lowlands can be severely damaged by water damage such as tsunami and flooding. In the tsunami that accompanied the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, many buildings were severely damaged. There are two main reasons for building damage caused by a tsunami: [1] the outer wall of the building is damaged by water pressure or driftwood, and [2] the tsunami floats away. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a conventional building in which the outer wall 11a is damaged by a tsunami is cut along a vertical plane. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a conventional building flooded by the tsunami 50 is cut along a vertical plane. As shown in FIG. 5, the outer wall 11 of the conventional building may be damaged by the water pressure of the tsunami 50 or the driftwood 60 that has been washed away by the tsunami 50. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, when the inundation height H due to the tsunami 50 is increased, the buoyancy F ₀ acting on the building becomes larger than the gravity F _{1 of} the building, and the portion 11 above the foundation 12 in the building is levitated. (At this time, the anchor that fixes the upper portion 11 of the building to the foundation 12 is cut).

  In particular, wooden buildings and lightweight steel-framed prefabricated buildings suffered serious damage because the outer walls were not strong and light in weight. FIGS. 7 to 10 are graphs showing the relationship between the inundation depth in the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the damage situation of the building, when the building is wooden (FIG. 7) and when it is a lightweight steel structure, respectively. FIG. 8 shows the case of reinforced concrete construction (FIG. 9) and the case of steel construction (FIG. 10). Figures 7 to 10 are quotes from the “Survey of Tsunami Damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake (Second Report)” by the City Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in a wooden or lightweight steel structure building, when the inundation depth exceeds 2.5 m, it can be seen that the ratio of the complete destruction due to runoff increases remarkably. In contrast, reinforced concrete buildings have excellent outer wall strength and large overall weight, so damage from outer wall damage and building loss is 1/4 to 1/5 that of wooden buildings (Fig. 9). It was very small. For this reason, if conscious of the tsunami, it can be said that the building should be reinforced concrete rather than wooden or lightweight steel.

  However, reinforced concrete buildings have the disadvantage of higher construction costs than wooden buildings of the same scale. In addition, there are people who like the texture of wood and dislike the inorganic texture of concrete in houses. It would be nice if you could build a house that can feel the warmth of wood, has the strength and weight of reinforced concrete, and can be built at a lower cost than reinforced concrete. No house has ever been proposed.

  By the way, as a countermeasure against tsunami of buildings, the following have been proposed so far. For example, Patent Literature 1 describes that four corners of a house are engaged with four columns so as to be movable up and down. Thereby, when a tsunami occurs, a house can be raised by the buoyancy of seawater. However, this method not only costs the installation cost of the support, but also the appearance of the house may be deteriorated by the support. In addition, since the house floats after the house has been submerged to some extent, there is a risk that severe damage such as damage to the outer wall may occur before the house floats.

  Patent Document 2 describes that a house where a house is built is surrounded by a concrete wall and a watertight gate, thereby preventing damage to the house due to a tsunami or the like. However, this method has the disadvantage of requiring a large amount of concrete. In particular, when the site is large, the amount of concrete used is enormous. In addition, there is a risk that the sunlight and ventilation of the house will deteriorate due to the concrete wall. If water enters the inside of the wall due to forgetting to close the gate or part of the wall being damaged, it is impossible to prevent the house from floating.

  Further, Patent Document 3 describes a house in which an outer wall is formed by welding a metal plate, and an open / close portion provided on the outer wall is entirely watertight. This can prevent water from entering the interior of the house. However, in this house, although it is possible to prevent the outer wall from being damaged, since it is not as heavy as a reinforced concrete building, it cannot be prevented. In addition, the appearance is strange and cheap, and the degree of freedom in exterior design is low.

  In view of such a situation, the present inventor has proposed a technique for integrating an outer wall made of reinforced concrete with an outer surface of a wooden building, and has already obtained a patent for the technique (see Patent Document 4). As a result, it has become possible to provide a building that can sense the warmth of wood, has the same strength and weight as reinforced concrete, and can reduce the construction cost more than reinforced concrete construction. However, even in this type of building, unless the building is firmly fixed to the ground using anchors or the like, there is a risk of floating if buoyancy exceeding the entire weight (gravity) acts.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 07-016861 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-086119 Noto 3061212 gazette Japanese Patent No. 4879359

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and not only prevents damage to the outer wall during flooding due to flood damage such as a tsunami or flooding, but also exerts buoyancy exceeding the overall weight (gravity). Even if it is a case, the building which can continue to stay in the original place without rising is provided at low cost.

The above issues
A wooden house ,
And a footing made of concrete, which is integrated to the wooden houses in a state that surrounded the wooden houses,
Footing
A vertical wall portion provided over the ground to a predetermined height along the outer wall outer surface of the wooden house,
The width of 0.5~10m along the ground around the wooden house (that from the lower edge of the vertical wall portion of the distance extending outward. Refer to width w in FIG.), Under the vertical wall portion by forming the setting vignetting bottom plate portion and are integrated structure outward from the edge,
The outer wall of the wooden house is reinforced with the vertical wall,
The height and thickness of the vertical wall portion, the width and thickness of the bottom plate portion, and the density of the concrete forming the footing are:
F _{0 is} the buoyancy that acts on the building when it is flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall , F _{1 is} the gravity of the wooden house, F _{2 is} the gravity of the footing, and the bottom plate is flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall. F ₃ is the sum of the water pressures acting on the upper surface of the section .
F ₀ <F ₁ + F ₂ + F ₃
By setting in a range that satisfies the relationship of
In addition to the weight of a wooden house and footing, in addition to the weight of a wooden house and a footing, a house characterized by being able to resist the lifting by water pressure acting downward on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion is provided. It is solved by doing.

As described above, the water pressure (water pressure) existing around the house at the time of inundation due to flood damage is received by the upper surface of the bottom plate portion of the footing, so that the water pressure can be contributed to preventing the house from being lifted. . For this reason, even if the buoyancy exceeding the weight (gravity) of the whole (the wooden house and the footing) is applied, the house can remain in the original place without being lifted. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the amount of concrete used for footing. In addition, the footing has a simple structure and is easy to construct, so that the construction cost of the house is not so high. In general, the idea of using water, which is thought to increase damage to houses , to reduce damage to buildings, is very innovative and has never been seen before. Is.

Further, in the house of the present invention, when the height and thickness of the vertical wall portion, the width and thickness of the bottom plate portion, and the density of the concrete forming the footing are submerged to the upper edge of the vertical wall portion F _{0 is} the buoyancy acting on the house (the sum of the buoyancy acting on the wooden house and the buoyancy acting on the footing), F _{1 is} the gravity of the wooden house , F _{2 is} the gravity of the footing, and the upper wall is submerged. as F ₃ the sum of the pressure of the water acting on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion when,
F ₀ <F ₁ + F ₂ + F ₃
Is set in a range that satisfies the above relationship . For this reason, it is possible to prevent the house from being lifted up without fixing the house to the ground using an anchor or the like (this description excludes fixing the house to the ground using an anchor or the like). is not.).

Further, in the house of the present invention, the specific values of the height and thickness of the vertical wall portion, the width and thickness of the bottom plate portion, and the density of the concrete forming the footing are inundated when water damage occurs. It varies depending on the depth, the scale of the house , and the construction method of the wooden house, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably set within the following range. That is, the height of the vertical wall (height h in FIG. 2) is preferably 0.5 to 10 m, and the thickness of the vertical wall (thickness t ₁ in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3) is 5 The width of the bottom plate portion (width w in FIG. 2 or 3) is preferably 0.5 to 10 m, and the thickness of the bottom plate portion (thickness t ₂ in FIG. ₂ ) is 5 The density of the concrete forming the footing is preferably 2 to ⁵ g / cm ³ . These values will be described in detail later.

Further, in the house of the present invention, the footing may be provided in at least a part of the outer periphery of the wooden house . However, in order to make the above-mentioned effect produced by the present invention greater, it is preferable to continuously provide footings in a range of 50% or more in the outer periphery of the wooden house . The footing is preferably provided in a range of 70% or more on the outer periphery of the wooden house , more preferably provided in a range of 80% or more, and further preferably provided in a range of 90% or more. The footing is optimally provided in a 100% range (over the entire circumference of the wooden house) on the outer periphery of the wooden house .

Furthermore, in the house of the present invention, the footing is not particularly limited as long as it is made of concrete, but is usually formed of reinforced concrete with reinforcing bars. Thereby, the intensity | strength of a vertical wall part or a bottom plate part can be raised. Further, by Tightened the structural framework of reinforcing bars and wooden houses which are Haisuji within footing, it becomes possible to more firmly integrated footing against wooden houses. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the wooden houses is separated from the footing of only wooden houses floats more reliably.

Then, in the house of the present invention, a portion located above the said vertical wall portion of the floor and the outer wall the outer surface of the wooden houses wooden houses are connected by the duct, when such floor ventilation is carried out by the duct preferable. House of the invention the lower part of the wooden houses is surrounded by a footing, even though an opening for ventilation in the foundation of wooden houses, since the opening is closed by a footing, how to do floor ventilation Is a problem. However, by adopting this configuration, the underfloor ventilation can be sufficiently performed even in the house of the present invention.

  As described above, the present invention not only prevents damage to the outer wall during flooding due to flood damage such as tsunami or flooding, but also does not lift even when buoyancy exceeding its overall weight (gravity) acts. It becomes possible to provide a building that can remain in its original location at a low cost.

It is sectional drawing which showed the state which cut | disconnected the building of this invention inundated by the tsunami by the vertical surface. It is sectional drawing which showed the state which cut | disconnected the footing which comprises the building of this invention by the vertical surface. It is the top view which showed the state which looked at the footing which comprises the building of this invention from upper direction. It is sectional drawing which expanded and showed the state which cut | disconnected the connection part of the footing and building main body in the building of this invention in the horizontal surface. It is sectional drawing which showed the state which cut | disconnected the conventional building where the outer wall was damaged by the tsunami by the vertical surface. It is sectional drawing which showed the state which cut | disconnected the conventional building flooded by the tsunami by the vertical surface. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the inundation depth in the tsunami which occurred with the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the damage situation of a building (wooden structure). It is the graph which showed the relationship between the inundation depth in the tsunami which occurred with the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the damage situation of a building (lightweight steel structure). It is the graph which showed the relationship between the inundation depth in the tsunami which occurred with the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the damage situation of a building (reinforced concrete structure). It is the graph which showed the relationship between the inundation depth in the tsunami which occurred with the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the damage situation of a building (steel structure).

  A preferred embodiment of the building of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a building of the present invention submerged by a tsunami 50 is cut along a vertical plane. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the footing 20 constituting the building of the present invention is cut along a vertical plane. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the footing 20 constituting the building of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which a connecting portion between the footing 20 and the building body 10 in the building of the present invention is cut along a horizontal plane.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the building of the present invention includes a building body 10 and a concrete footing 20 integrated with the building body 10 so as to surround the building body 10. Although the construction method of the footing 20 is not particularly limited, in the building of this embodiment, reinforcing bars are arranged around the building body 10 and surrounded by a mold, and concrete is injected into the mold and cured. Later, it was constructed by removing the formwork. Thereby, the footing 20 excellent in unity with the building body 10 can be easily constructed. Since the formwork for constructing the footing 20 can be installed on the basis of the outer surface of the outer wall 11a of the building main body 10 which has already been placed vertically, it can be easily installed. In the case of using a design (for example, a siding board) whose outer surface is designed as the mold, the mold can be left as it is without being removed.

The type of concrete forming the footing 20 is not particularly limited. However, since the footing 20 has a function of making the building body 10 difficult to float, it is preferable to use a heavier one as much as possible in order to fully exhibit this function. For this reason, it is preferable that the concrete forming the footing 20 has a density of 2 g / cm ³ or more. The density of the concrete forming the footing 20 is more preferably 2.1 g / cm ³ or more, further preferably 2.2 g / cm ³ or more, and most preferably 2.3 g / cm ³ or more. The density of concrete can be set to about 5 g / cm ^{3 in} heavy concrete to which heavy aggregate is added. However, since heavy concrete is more expensive than normal concrete, it is preferable to determine whether or not it can be adopted in consideration of cost.

  The structure of the building body 10 on which the footing 20 is constructed is not particularly limited, and is not limited to a wooden structure or a reinforced concrete structure, and other structures can also be adopted. However, when the building body 10 has a high strength and heavy structure, such as a reinforced concrete structure, the structure of the present invention is adopted because the structure itself is strong against water damage such as a tsunami. The benefits that can be obtained are limited. In the building of the present invention, it is preferable that the building body 10 has a structure (such as a wooden structure) that does not have high strength and weight, such as reinforced concrete. Also in the building of this embodiment, the building body 10 is made of wood. The building body 10 may be newly constructed or may have been already constructed.

Footing 20, as shown in FIG. 1, the vertical wall portion 21 provided over the ground along the outer surface of the outer wall 11a of the building body 10 to a predetermined height h (see FIG. 2), the building body 10 from the lower edge of the vertical wall portion 21 of the predetermined width w L-shaped section of the bottom plate portion 22 provided it is integrated (Fig. 2 and see Figure 3) toward the outside along the ground around the It has a structure. In the building of this embodiment, the footing 20 is provided continuously over the entire circumference of the building body 10. An opening corresponding to the door or window of the building main body 10 in the footing 20 is provided. However, in this case, since there is a possibility that water may enter the building from the opening, it is preferable that the opening can be closed by a closing means such as a watertight door or lid. The closing means is preferably formed of a strong material such as iron or stainless steel.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the vertical wall portion 21 in the footing 20 has a function of reinforcing the outer wall 11 a of the building body 10. Thereby, even if water damage such as the tsunami 50 occurs, it becomes possible to prevent the outer wall 11a from being damaged by water pressure or driftwood. The strength of the vertical wall portion 21 varies depending on its thickness and the like, but it is also easy to set the strength of the siding board used in a general wooden building to a dozen to hundred times or more. Further, the vertical wall portion 21 is a portion for integration in a state of being in close contact with the outer wall 11a. The weight of the building body 10 is substantially increased by the weight of the footing 20, and the building body 10 is further increased. It also has a function to make it difficult to float on water.

  The integrity of the footing 20 with respect to the building body 10 can be further enhanced as follows. For example, before pouring concrete into the formwork for constructing the footing 20, an anchor is placed on the outer wall 11 a of the building body 10, and the concrete is poured into the formwork while the anchor is placed, and curing is performed. It is good to let them. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, a metal fitting 14 protruding outward from the outer wall 11 a of the building body 10 is used as an anchor, and the tip portion protruding outward of the metal fitting is used as a reinforcing bar 21 a forming the footing 20. It is preferable to connect (tighten). In the building of this embodiment, the metal fitting 14 uses a U-bolt. A base end portion of the metal fitting 14 is fixed to a structural housing (a column 11b, a beam 11c, or the like) constituting the building body 10. Thereby, the footing 20 can be firmly integrated with the building body 10.

  The height h (FIG. 2) of the vertical wall portion 21 is not particularly limited as described above. However, if the height h of the vertical wall portion 21 is too low, it is difficult to reinforce only the low place on the outer wall 11a of the building body 10, and it is difficult to improve the integrity of the footing 20 and the building body 10, resulting in water damage. There is a risk that damage to the building body 10 will increase when it occurs. For this reason, the height h of the vertical wall portion 21 is preferably 0.5 m or more. As the height h of the vertical wall portion 21 increases to 1 m or more, 1.5 m or more, 2 m or more, 2.5 m or more, 3 m or more, the damage received by the building body 10 at the time of flood damage is suppressed. It becomes possible. On the other hand, even if the height h of the vertical wall portion 21 is set too high, it becomes overspec and cost performance is lowered. For this reason, the height h of the vertical wall part 21 is normally 10 m or less. As the height h of the vertical wall portion 21 is 9 m or less, 8 m or less, or 7 m or less, the cost can be reduced as the height h is lowered. The actual height h of the vertical wall portion 21 is preferably set to a value exceeding the inundation depth in consideration of the inundation depth at the time of occurrence of flooding at the planned construction site. The flood depth when a flood such as tsunami or flood occurs should refer to the hazard map disclosed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The height h of the vertical wall portion 21 does not need to be set to the same value over the entire section, and may be changed depending on the location, for example, by raising the side where a tsunami is expected to come.

The thickness t ₁ (FIG. 2 or 3) of the vertical wall portion 21 is not particularly limited as described above. However, if the thickness t ₁ of the vertical wall portion 21 is made too thin, the strength of the vertical wall portion 21 cannot be sufficiently increased, and it may be difficult to secure the weight of the footing 20. Further, it may be difficult to uniformly inject the concrete into the mold forming the footing 20. For this reason, the thickness t ₁ of the vertical wall portion 21 is preferably 5 cm or more. The thickness t ₁ of the vertical wall portion 21 is more preferably 10 cm or more, and further preferably 15 cm or more. On the other hand, an excessively large thickness t ₁ of the vertical wall portion 21, becomes an over-spec, cost may be reduced. In addition, the appearance of the building may be deteriorated. For this reason, it is preferable that the thickness t ₁ of the vertical wall portion 21 is 100 cm or less. The thickness t ₁ of the vertical wall portion 21 is more preferably 50 cm or less, and further preferably 30 cm or less.

The bottom plate portion 22 of the footing 20 not only substantially increases the weight of the building main body 10 due to its weight, but also surrounds the building main body 10 (part A in FIG. 1) during flooding due to water damage as shown in FIG. It has become a part for exerting downward (see arrow F ₃ in FIG. 1) under pressure (water pressure) at its upper surface by the water present in the. The building of the present invention resists lifting due to the gravity F ₁ acting on the building body 10 and the gravity F ₂ acting on the footing 20, as well as the sum of water pressures F ₃ acting on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 22. Can be done. In FIG. 1, for convenience of illustration, the gravity F ₂ is represented by an arrow drawn downward from the vicinity of the lower end of the vertical wall portion 21 on the left side of the drawing, but the gravity F ₂ is actually the center of gravity of the footing 20 ( It acts downward from the overall center of gravity). Further, in FIG. 1, for convenience of illustration, represents the arrows drawn downward the sum F ₃ hydraulic from the upper surface of the bottom plate portion of the left side of the drawing, the pressure of the water present around A building body 10, It acts equally downward from each point on the upper surface of all the bottom plate portions 22.

The width w (FIG. 2 or FIG. 3) of the bottom plate portion 22 is not particularly limited as described above. However, if the width w of the bottom plate portion 22 is too narrow, a large sum F ₃ (FIG. 1) of water pressure received by the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 22 from the water existing around the building body 10 at the time of inundation due to flooding is secured. Can not be. For this reason, the width w of the bottom plate portion 22 is preferably 0.5 m or more. As the width w of the bottom plate portion 22 is increased to 1 m or more, 1.5 m or more, 2 m or more, 2.5 m or more, 3 m or more, it becomes possible to ensure a large sum F ₃ of water pressure as the width increases. . On the other hand, even if the width w of the bottom plate portion 22 is excessively widened, it becomes overspec and cost performance is lowered. Further, it may be difficult to form the bottom plate portion 22 having such a wide width w because of the site. For this reason, the width w of the bottom plate portion 22 is normally set to 10 m or less. As the width w of the bottom plate portion 22 is 9 m or less, 8 m or less, or 7 m or less, the cost can be suppressed as the width is reduced. The width w of the bottom slab portion 22 does not have to be set to the same value over the entire section, and may be changed depending on the location depending on the site.

The thickness t ₂ (FIG. 2) of the bottom plate portion 22 is not particularly limited as described above. However, too thin a thickness t ₂ of the bottom plate portion 22, not only can not be sufficiently increased the strength of the bottom plate portion 22, contact it also becomes difficult to secure the weight of the footing 20. Therefore, the thickness _{t 2} of the bottom plate portion 22 is preferable to set 5cm or more. The thickness t ₂ of the bottom plate portion 22 is more preferably 10 cm or more, and further preferably 15 cm or more. On the other hand, if the thickness t ₂ of the bottom plate portion 22 is too thick, it becomes an over-spec, cost may be reduced. Therefore, the thickness _{t 2} of the vertical wall portion 22 is preferably at most 100 cm. The thickness _{t 2} of the bottom plate portion 22 is more preferable to be 50cm or less, further preferably at 30cm below.

  By the way, in the building of this invention, since the lower part of the building main body 10 is enclosed by the footing 20, it becomes a subject how ventilation under the floor of the building main body 10 is performed. Recently, in the building of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower part of the building main body 10 and the portion located above the vertical wall part 21 on the outer surface of the outer wall 11 a of the building main body 10 are connected by the duct 13. The duct 13 provides ventilation under the floor.

Then, the Example of the building of this invention is described. In the following, the case where the building body 10 (FIG. 1) is a wooden house having a total weight of 50 t will be described as an example. “T (ton)” means 1 × 10 ³ kg. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the outer wall 11a having a height for constructing the footing 20 in the building body 10 has a horizontal length (corresponding to the interval a in FIG. 2 or 3) of 10 m and a horizontal length (in the interval b in FIG. 3). (Match) is a 10 m square. Further, the height h (FIG. 2) of the vertical wall portion 21 of the footing 20 is 3 m, and the thickness t ₁ (FIG. 2 or 3) is constant at 20 cm. The interval a (FIG. 2 or FIG. 3) between the vertical wall portions 21 adjacent in the horizontal direction is 10 m, and the interval b (FIG. 3) between the vertical wall portions 21 adjacent in the vertical direction is 10 m. Furthermore, the width w (FIG. 2 or FIG. 3) of the bottom plate portion 22 of the footing 20 is 2 m, and the thickness t ₂ (FIG. 3) is constant at 20 cm. Furthermore, the density (referred to as ρ) of the concrete forming the footing 20 is 2.4 g / cm ³ .

Under the above conditions, the buoyancy F ₀ acting on the building (building body 10 and footing 20), the gravity F ₁ acting on the building body, and the gravity F ₂ acting on the footing when flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall portion. And the sum of water pressures F ₃ acting on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion when it is submerged to the upper edge of the vertical wall portion,
F ₀ = 344.32 t weight F ₁ = 50 t weight F ₂ = 106.368 t weight F ₃ = 277.76 t weight
However, the density of water was 1 g / cm ³ .

From this result, the sum of F ₁ , F ₂ and F ₃ is obtained.
It becomes F ₁ + F ₂ + F ₃ = 434.128 t, and it is understood that the buoyancy F ₀ acting on the building is exceeded. In other words,
F ₀ <F ₁ + F ₂ + F ₃
Meet the relationship. Therefore, the building of the present embodiment can remain at the place without floating even if the inundation height H (FIG. 1) is 3 m.
The sum of gravity F ₁ acting on the building body 10 and gravity F ₂ acting on the footing 20 is
It is surprising that such a result was obtained even though F ₁ + F ₂ = 156.368 t weight and considerably smaller than the buoyancy F ₀ . Comparing the values of F ₁ , F ₂ , and F ₃ above, it can be seen that the contribution of the sum of water pressures F ₃ employed on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 22 is large.

From the above results, it is preferable that the area of the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 22 is ensured as wide as possible within a range that allows the size of the site and does not cause over-spec. Ratio S ₂ / S ₁ of the area (referred to as S ₂ ) of the upper surface of the bottom slab part 22 to the building area of the building main body 10 (the area of the ground and the portion (bottom surface) to be installed (referred to as S ₁ )). How much is set is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the size of the building and other conditions. However, in a general house, if the ratio S ₂ / S ₁ is set to 0.5 or higher,
F ₀ <F ₁ + F ₂ + F ₃
This relationship can be satisfied relatively easily by adjusting other conditions (such as height h and thicknesses t ₁ and t ₂ ). The ratio S ₂ / S ₁ is preferably 0.8 or more, and more preferably 1.0 or more. The upper limit of the ratio S ₂ / S ₁ is not particularly limited, but will usually be 3.0 or less, preferably 2.0 or less, and actually 1.5 or less.

The building of the present invention can be suitably used for various buildings regardless of its scale. However, it is often constructed in a wooden structure, and is suitable for use in a house where there is a strong demand for taking measures against flood damage such as tsunami and flood at low cost. In particular, about building area is 20 to 200 m ^2, more specifically about ² 30 to 150 m, and more specifically it is preferable to employ a house typical size of 40～120M ^2.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Building body 11 Upper part of foundation in building body 11a Outer wall 11b Column 11c Beam 12 Foundation 13 Duct 14 Metal fitting (anchor)
20 Footing 20a Reinforcement 20b Concrete 21 Vertical wall part 22 Bottom slab part 50 Tsunami 60 Driftwood A Around the building F ₀ Buoyancy acting on the building when flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall part F ₁ Gravity acting on the building body F ₂ Footing Gravity acting on F ₃ Sum of water pressure acting on the upper surface of the bottom slab when flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall part H Inundation height (inundation depth)
a. Spacing between vertical wall portions adjacent in the horizontal direction b. Spacing between vertical wall portions adjacent in the vertical direction h Height of the vertical wall portion t ₁ Thickness of the vertical wall portion t ₂ Thickness of the bottom plate portion w Width of the bottom plate portion

Claims (5)

A wooden house ,
And a footing made of concrete, which is integrated to the wooden houses in a state that surrounded the wooden houses,
Footing
A vertical wall portion provided over the ground to a predetermined height along the outer wall outer surface of the wooden house,
The width of 0.5~10m along the ground around the wooden houses, by forming the from the lower edge of the vertical wall portion outwardly and the bottom plate portion kicked set integrated structure,
The outer wall of the wooden house is reinforced with the vertical wall,
The height and thickness of the vertical wall portion, the width and thickness of the bottom plate portion, and the density of the concrete forming the footing are:
F _{0 is} the buoyancy that acts on the building when it is flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall , F _{1 is} the gravity of the wooden house, F _{2 is} the gravity of the footing, and the bottom plate is flooded to the upper edge of the vertical wall. F ₃ is the sum of the water pressures acting on the upper surface of the section .
F ₀ <F ₁ + F ₂ + F ₃
By setting in a range that satisfies the relationship of
During flooding by flood, in addition to the weight of the wooden houses and footing, houses, characterized in that to be able to resist the lifting hydraulically acting downwardly on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion. The height of the vertical wall portion is 0.5 to 10 m , the thickness of the vertical wall portion is 5 to 100 cm ,
5~100cm the thickness of the previous Symbol bottom plate portion,
House according to claim 1, wherein the density of the concrete forming the footing is a 2-5 g / cm ^3. Claim 1 or 2 houses according provided continuously footing in the range over 50% or more in the outer circumference of the wooden houses. Footing is formed by reinforced concrete, by Tightened the structural framework of reinforcing bars and wooden houses in footing, it claims 1-3 house according to any one of footing is integrated with respect to wooden houses. Than said vertical wall portion and the portion located on the upper side are connected by a duct claims 1-4 house according to any one of underfloor ventilation by the duct is made in the floor and the outer wall the outer surface of the wooden houses wooden houses.