JP6045165B2 - Logistics method for goods - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an article distribution method, and more particularly to a distribution method for efficiently distributing reels used for transportation and storage of electronic components.

  Generally, electronic parts produced in a factory are attached to a dedicated plastic tape in a production line, and the plastic tape is distributed in a state of being wound around a reel (see Patent Document 1).

  Normally, this type of article (hereinafter referred to as a reel as appropriate) is delivered from a factory to a delivery destination via a warehouse and a distribution center. The reels coming out from the production line of the factory are stored in a general-purpose box container (hereinafter abbreviated as a container) and temporarily stored, and then transported to a warehouse adjacent to the factory. Alternatively, the operator may divide and transfer the reels into boxes (for example, cardboard boxes) that can be handled for each delivery destination, and transfer the reels to a warehouse. In this conveyance, a plurality of containers are stacked on a pallet and conveyed by a hand lifter or a forklift, or are manually conveyed while the containers are accommodated in a net pallet with casters.

  In a warehouse, containers are collected on storage shelves for inventory management. Here, based on a shipping request from a delivery destination, a picking operation is performed to take out a necessary amount of reels from a container or a box in a container accumulated on a shelf. The reels collected by the picking operation are transferred to another transport box (for example, a cardboard box), stacked on a transport pallet (for example, a net pallet), and loaded on a truck. Or it is transported to a distribution center near the delivery destination.

  In the distribution center, boxes unloaded from a truck are sorted and stored in a plurality of rows and columns of stacking shelves, or stored in a state of being stacked on transport pallets. The boxes stored here are picked in units of boxes according to the order of the delivery destination. The picked box is packed in a relatively large box for shipping (for example, a cardboard box), loaded on a truck, and conveyed to a delivery destination.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-301931

  However, according to such a reel distribution method, when a box containing a reel is transported, an operation of packing the box into a transport box, an operation of transferring a box when picking, and further, Accumulation work is required to unload the boxes and accumulate them on a shelf or the like. For this reason, there is a problem that not only the burden on the worker is increased, but also the logistics time from the factory shipment to the delivery destination is increased.

  On the other hand, when storing boxes at a distribution center or the like, it is possible to save the trouble of loading and unloading boxes if they are stored in a net pallet, but when picking, a part of the stacked boxes is unloaded. Since it is necessary to take out the box containing the necessary reels underneath, the burden of picking work increases.

  In addition, a cardboard box is usually used as a box that accommodates a reel, but since cardboard boxes are easily displaced when stacked, when transporting using a hand lifter or a forklift, a work of tying is required. There is a problem that the working time becomes long. Furthermore, since cardboard boxes are not recyclable, there is a risk of increasing logistics costs.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the burden on the operator in transporting, storing and picking articles, and to shorten the physical distribution time.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a first step of storing articles shipped from a factory in a packaging box, a second step of collecting and storing the packaging boxes in a plurality of rows and columns, and storage. Article comprising: a third step of transferring an article extracted from a packaged box in accordance with a delivery destination request to a shipping packaging box; and a fourth step of transporting the shipping packaging box by a conveying means In the physical distribution method, a packing box having the same form is used in all of the first to fourth steps, and the packing box includes a dedicated tray for storing a plurality of articles and a rectangular parallelepiped box for storing the dedicated tray. And at least one of the short side surfaces of the dedicated container is provided with an open / close door that allows the dedicated tray to be taken in and out in the longitudinal direction of the dedicated container. Hand open the door of the dedicated container To be integrated, the third step, open the door of the dedicated container article that fits delivery destination of the request is received, the article meets the requested pull out by forward sliding the dedicated tray from its dedicated container It is characterized by being extracted.

  In this way, the dedicated container formed in the same form is used through the distribution process from the first process to the fourth process, and the dedicated container is formed so that a dedicated tray for storing articles can be taken in and out. The goods can be distributed without changing the packing form, and the work (picking work) of transferring the goods between the dedicated containers can be performed efficiently. Here, since the dedicated container is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped, for example, the dedicated containers are stacked on a pallet in a plurality of stages and in a plurality of rows, and are transported by a forklift or the like, thereby reducing the burden on the transportation work. be able to. Further, at the transport destination, these dedicated containers can be stored (used) as shelves of articles as they are. Therefore, according to this method, an operator's burden in storage, conveyance, and picking of articles can be reduced, and distribution time can be shortened.

  The article distribution method according to the present invention can also be suitably applied to a case where a disc-shaped reel around which a plastic tape holding electronic components is wound is distributed as an article.

  In this case, the bottom portion of the dedicated tray is formed by a plurality of semicircular arc-shaped grooves in which the peripheral edge portion of the article is accommodated at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the dedicated tray. Thus, by forming a plurality of grooves at the bottom of the dedicated tray, the operator can sequentially pack the reels along the grooves, so that the efficiency of the reel packing operation can be improved. Further, since the reels can be held in the grooves, it is possible to prevent the reels from coming into contact with each other and being damaged in the physical distribution process.

  The dedicated tray is formed such that an identification member for identifying an adjacent article can be mounted in a gap between adjacent grooves. According to this, for example, even if the type of the article is switched when the articles such as reels are accommodated side by side in the groove of the dedicated tray, the position where the type of the article is switched can be obtained by mounting the identification member at the boundary of the switching. Easy to recognize. As a result, since the articles can be stored in all the grooves of the dedicated tray, regardless of the type of the articles, the accommodation rate of the dedicated container can be increased, and the transportation efficiency of the articles can be further increased. In addition, there may be a case where an empty portion is generated in the dedicated tray, such as when there is no next type of reel. In this case, the identification member also functions to prevent the terminal reel from falling.

  In addition, the dedicated container can be configured to be foldable. According to this, since the dedicated container can be collected in a compactly folded state from the delivery destination, the collection rate of the dedicated container, that is, the transportation efficiency when returning the dedicated container can be increased. In addition, it is possible to improve the recyclability of the dedicated container and reduce the distribution cost.

  Specifically, in the third step, the dedicated containers stacked in a plurality of stages in a plurality of rows on the pallet are accumulated on the shelves of the accumulation shelves having shelves in a plurality of stages in a plurality of rows, and are accumulated on the accumulation shelves. Articles to be delivered are extracted from the dedicated container in accordance with the request of the delivery destination and transferred to the dedicated container for shipping.

  That is, any of the dedicated containers accumulated on the shelves of the accumulation shelf functions as a shelf from which the dedicated tray can be pulled out. Therefore, for example, since the worker can easily take out the article simply by moving the work table on which the worker is placed to a shelf on which a desired dedicated container is stacked, the picking work can be performed efficiently. .

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, while reducing the burden of the operator in conveyance, storage, and picking of articles | goods, physical distribution time can be shortened.

It is a flowchart which shows one Embodiment of the physical distribution process to which the physical distribution method of the article | item of this invention is applied. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the exclusive container for enforcing the physical distribution method of the goods of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the exclusive tray for enforcing the physical distribution method of the goods of this invention. It is an external appearance perspective view in which an exclusive tray is accommodated in an exclusive container. It is a figure explaining the procedure which folds a dedicated container. It is an external appearance perspective view when the exclusive container folded in the procedure of FIG. 5 is stacked. It is an external appearance perspective view when a dedicated container is stacked on the pallet. It is a figure explaining the operation | work which picks goods from the exclusive container integrated | stacked on the shelf.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an article physical distribution method to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a reel used for transporting and storing an electronic component such as an IC chip, more specifically, a disc-shaped reel wound with a plastic carrier tape holding the electronic component is handled as an article. An example will be described. In the following description, the article is referred to as a reel.

  The greatest characteristic point of this embodiment is that the reels are accommodated in a packaging box formed in the same form (preferably the same size) through the distribution process, and are transported and stored. More specifically, the packaging box of the present embodiment includes a dedicated tray that accommodates a plurality of reels and a dedicated container that accommodates the dedicated tray. The dedicated container and the dedicated tray are formed of a resin such as conductive propylene in order to protect electronic components from static electricity or the like.

  FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a dedicated container. The dedicated container 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped box-shaped container, and its upper surface is divided into two along the longitudinal direction, and is formed by a kannon type door 3. The pair of opening / closing doors 3 are formed so as to be foldable on the outside of the long side surface 7 via the hinge 5. The pair of long side surfaces 7 are formed so as to be foldable inward via hinges (not shown), respectively, and one short side surface of the open / close door 9 can be opened and closed outward via hinges 13 attached to the frame body 11. Is formed. The frame 11 is locked to the pair of long side surfaces 7 by a locking structure (not shown). One short side surface is formed so that the frame body 11 and the open / close door 9 can be folded inward integrally by releasing the locked state of the frame body 11, and the other short side surface can also be folded inward. Is formed.

  The dedicated container 1 is formed so that the upper and lower surfaces thereof are engaged with each other by an uneven shape. That is, the upper surface (opening / closing door 3) of the dedicated container 1 is provided with a hinge 5 (convex portion) protruding from the upper surface, and the lower surface of the dedicated container 1 is a recess (not shown) into which the hinge 5 is inserted. Is formed. Thus, when the dedicated containers 1 are stacked, the hinge 5 on the upper surface of the dedicated container 1 is inserted into and engaged with the recess on the lower surface of another dedicated container 1 stacked on the dedicated container 1. It has become. As a result, when the dedicated containers 1 are stacked, the upper dedicated container 1 is supported by the lower dedicated container 1, so that the dedicated container 1 is prevented from dropping due to vibration or the like, and the reel 19 is prevented from being damaged. Can do. In addition, the uneven | corrugated shape of the exclusive container 1 is not restricted to this example, According to the magnitude | size and shape of the exclusive container 1, it can set suitably.

  FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a dedicated tray. The dedicated tray 15 has a semicircular arc-shaped bottom portion, and a plurality of semicircular arc-shaped grooves 17 are formed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the bottom portion. The groove 17 is formed so that the peripheral edge of the disk-shaped reel 19 can be accommodated, and holds the reel 19 inserted into the groove 17.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the dedicated tray 15 is slid to the dedicated container 1 while holding a plurality of reels 19 (for example, a maximum of 40 sheets) by opening the opening / closing door 9 on the short side of the dedicated container 1. It can be taken in and out. The dedicated container 1 can also accommodate the dedicated tray 15 from the upper surface side by opening the pair of upper and lower doors 3 on the upper surface.

  The dedicated container 1 can be made compact by folding the open / close door 3 on the upper surface, the long side surface 7 and the short side surface via hinges in a state where the dedicated tray 15 is extracted. FIG. 5 shows a procedure for folding the dedicated container 1.

  In the dedicated container 1, a pair of opening / closing doors 3 are folded to the outside of the long side surface 7 via hinges 5. Thereby, a pair of opening-and-closing door contact | abuts with the long side surface 7, respectively. Next, each of the pair of short side surfaces is folded inward. Thereby, a pair of short side surfaces contact | abut with the lower surface 20, respectively. One short side surface (opening / closing door 9) is folded together with the frame body 11. Subsequently, the pair of long side surfaces 7 are folded inward so as to overlap each other. At this time, the pair of long side surfaces 7 are folded in a state where the open / close door 3 is folded outward.

  Thus, the exclusive container 1 folded compactly is piled up in the state which the upper and lower surfaces of the folded form were mutually engaged by the uneven | corrugated shape (FIG. 6). That is, the open / close door 3 that forms the upper surface of the folded form is provided with a convex portion (not shown) that can be inserted into a concave portion (not shown) formed on the lower surface 20. When stacked, the convex portion of the open / close door 3 forming the upper surface of the folded dedicated container 1 is inserted into the concave portion of the lower surface 20 of another folded dedicated container 1 stacked on the upper and lower doors and engaged. It is supposed to be. Thereby, even if the exclusive container 1 is stacked in a folded state as shown in FIG.

  Next, a transport mode when transporting the dedicated container 1 (whether or not the dedicated tray 15 is accommodated) will be described. When transporting a large number of dedicated containers 1 together, a dedicated pallet is used. The dedicated pallet is formed so that the upper surface (mounting surface) forms a rectangle having a predetermined size in accordance with the size of the dedicated container 1 or the loading platform of the loaded truck. As shown in FIG. 7, on the dedicated pallet 21, the dedicated containers 1 stacked in a plurality of stages and a plurality of rows are placed. On the upper surface of the dedicated pallet 21, for example, a convex portion that can be inserted into the concave portion of the lower surface (installation surface) of the dedicated container 1 is formed. Thereby, it can prevent that the exclusive container 1 slip | deviates on the exclusive pallet 21 by the convex part of the upper surface of the exclusive pallet 21, and the recessed part of the exclusive container 1 engaging. In the dedicated pallet 21, a pair of fork sheaths 22 into which a pair of forks of a forklift are inserted are formed over the entire length in the longitudinal direction and the short direction.

  Next, a method of distributing the reels 19 using the dedicated container 1, the dedicated tray 15, and the dedicated pallet 21 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.

  The reel physical distribution process of the present embodiment includes a first process 23 for storing reels shipped from a factory in a dedicated container 1 and a dedicated container 1 in which reels are stored in the first process 23 is accumulated in a warehouse. The second process 25 to be stored and the dedicated container 1 stored in the second process 25 are moved to the distribution center and accumulated, and the reel 19 extracted from the accumulated dedicated container 1 in accordance with the request of the delivery destination is collected. A third step 27 for transferring to the shipping dedicated container 1 and a fourth step for loading the shipping dedicated container 1 with the reel 19 transferred in the third step 27 on a truck and transporting it to the delivery destination. 29.

  In the first step 23, when the electronic parts manufactured on the production line of the factory are sequentially attached to the carrier tape and come out in a state of being wound around the reel, the worker holds the reel 19 on the work table 30. Each sheet is inserted into the groove 17 of the dedicated tray 15. As a result, a plurality of reels 19 are vertically arranged at predetermined intervals and held on the dedicated tray 15 (FIG. 3). The dedicated tray 15 in which the reel 19 is held in the groove 17 is accommodated in the dedicated container 1 by opening the open / close door 3 or the open / close door 9 of the dedicated container 1.

  Here, the dedicated tray 15 can hold up to, for example, up to 40 reels 19, but in the process of inserting the reel 19 into the groove of the dedicated tray 15, for example, the type of the reel 19 (held on the reel 19). Type of electronic component) may be switched to another type. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 3, the identification member 31 is mounted in the gap between the grooves 17 at the boundary where the type of the reel 19 is switched. Accordingly, even if another type of reel 19 is held from the groove 17 next to the boundary, the position where the type of the reel 19 is switched can be easily recognized. Therefore, even when the type of the reel 19 is changed during the work, the dedicated tray 15 does not need to be switched, and the empty groove 17 does not occur in the dedicated tray 15. Can be increased.

  In this way, the dedicated container 1 in which the dedicated tray 15 is accommodated is stacked on the dedicated pallet 21 so that the side surfaces overlap each other in a plurality of rows and rows. At this time, all the opening / closing doors 9 of the dedicated pallets 21 are arranged in the same direction in the longitudinal direction of the dedicated pallet 21 (front side in FIG. 7). The stacking work of the dedicated container 1 can be performed manually. Hereinafter, the multi-stage, multi-row dedicated containers 1 and the dedicated pallets 21 on which these are stacked are referred to as a container assembly 33.

  Next, in the second step 25, the container assembly 33 installed in the factory is transported to a warehouse adjacent to the factory by a hand lifter, a forklift or the like without changing the packing form, and remains in the warehouse. Stored in The container assembly 33 stored here is loaded on a truck and transported to a distribution center near the delivery destination without changing the packing form when there is a shipment request from the delivery destination. That is, in the second step 25, since the container assembly 33 stored in the warehouse is transported to the distribution center as it is, a re-loading operation (reloading the reel 19 into another cardboard box as in the past) ( For example, a box-based picking operation) is not performed.

  Next, in the third step 27, the container aggregates 33 transported from the warehouse are respectively accumulated on the shelves of the multi-stage multi-row accumulation shelves installed in the distribution center by a forklift or the like while maintaining the form. The Here, the container aggregate 33 accumulated on the shelves of the accumulation shelf is accumulated with the open / close door 9 of the dedicated container 1 facing the front of the accumulation shelf.

  The dedicated containers 1 accumulated on the accumulation shelf are picked according to the shipping request of the delivery destination. For the picking operation, for example, a known picking forklift or the like can be used. Hereinafter, the picking work procedure using the picking forklift will be described with reference to FIG.

  Container aggregates 33 are placed on the shelves 37 of the stacking shelves 35, respectively. The picking forklift 39 operates the operation operation unit of the work table 41 to raise the work table 41 to a desired height while placing the worker, or causes the work table 41 to travel to make the target dedicated container 1 Is accessed in front of the shelf 37 on which is placed. Then, the picking forklift 39 is stopped at the position of the shelf, and the work table 41 is adjusted to a height at which the reel 19 can be easily taken out from the shelf 37.

  Next, the operator opens the opening / closing door 9 of the dedicated container 1 in which the target reel 19 is accommodated, pulls out the exclusive tray 15, and takes out the reel 19 accommodated in the exclusive tray 15. The reels 19 picked in this way are placed in, for example, an empty dedicated tray 15 placed on the work table 41, and are shipped to another dedicated container 1 (a dedicated container stacked on the stacking shelf 35). 1 and the same shape and size). The shipping dedicated containers 1 are stacked in a plurality of rows and multiple rows on the dedicated pallet 21 to newly form a shipping container assembly 45.

  In this way, in the third step 27, since the container aggregate 33 stored in the warehouse is accumulated as it is on the shelf 37 of the accumulation shelf 35, the manual operation is less and the accumulation operation of the dedicated container 1 is performed. Can be performed efficiently. In addition, since all the dedicated containers 1 constituting the container assembly 33 have the open / close doors 9 disposed in front of the stacking shelf 35, the container assembly 33 functions as a picking shelf. Therefore, since the operator can easily pull out the dedicated tray 15 from the dedicated container 1 and take out the reel 19 simply by moving to the desired shelf 37 with the picking forklift 39, the picking work can be performed efficiently. . In this way, in the third step 27, since the picking operation can be performed in units of reels 19, for example, in response to a request from a delivery destination such as picking several kinds of reels 19 as in small lot delivery. A wide range can be supported. Further, in the present embodiment, since the picking work corresponding to the shipping request of the delivery destination is performed only at the distribution center, the distribution time of the reels 19 can be greatly shortened.

  On the other hand, in the third step 27, the picking work can be performed not only in the case of performing the picking work in units of the reels 19 but also in the dedicated tray 15 units. In this case, for example, the dedicated container 1 containing the empty dedicated tray 15 is stacked on the work table 41 of the picking forklift 39, and the dedicated tray 15 with the reel 19 extracted from the dedicated container 1 is used as it is. You may make it replace with 15.

  In the fourth step 29, the shipping container assembly 45 stacked in the third step 27 is loaded on the truck 47 and conveyed to the delivery destination. The container assembly 45 delivered to the delivery destination is not only returned with the dedicated pallet 21 but also returned with the empty dedicated container 1 from which the dedicated tray 15 is pulled out folded and stacked (see FIG. 6). Note that the dedicated tray 15 may also be returned in an overlapping manner.

  In the present embodiment, at least the dedicated container 1 and the dedicated pallet 21 can be reused in the physical distribution process after being returned from the delivery destination. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the cardboard box is not required to be discarded (including the delivery destination), and the waste can be reduced, so that the distribution cost can be reduced. The dedicated container 1 can be easily folded manually according to the procedure shown in FIG. 5, so that the burden on the delivery destination can be reduced.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the dedicated container 1 and the dedicated tray 15 formed in the same form are used throughout the distribution process of the reels 19, and the dedicated container 1 uses the dedicated tray 15 that houses the reels 19. Since the exclusive container 1 is formed so as to be able to be taken in and out, the reel 19 can be distributed without changing the packing form at the time of transportation. As a result, when picking, the reel 19 is used in the conventional manner. No need to transfer to another cardboard box. Furthermore, the dedicated trays 15 are stacked and stacked in a plurality of rows and a plurality of rows to form a large stacking shelf, and the reel 19 can be easily taken out by opening the opening / closing door 9 of the desired dedicated container 1. Therefore, the efficiency of picking work can be increased. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the burden on the worker in the distribution process, and it is possible to greatly reduce the distribution time from factory shipment to delivery to the delivery destination.

  Further, since the reels 19 are held in a state of being separated from each other by the dedicated tray 15, the bare reels 19 can be directly accommodated, and further, the reels 19 can be prevented from being damaged during transportation and storage. it can. In addition, since the reel 19 is fully loaded in the dedicated tray 15 in most cases, there is no space loss, and the storage efficiency and transport (transport) efficiency of the dedicated container 1 can be improved.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, the dedicated containers 1 can be transported as they are in a state of being stacked in a plurality of stages and multiple rows (container assemblies 33, 45) on the dedicated pallet 21, so There is no need to perform prior operations such as cardboard box lashing work or storing the cardboard boxes on a transport pallet, and the dedicated container 1 can be easily stacked on the stacking shelf 35 of the distribution center. Therefore, the burden on the operator can be further reduced. In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the container aggregates 33 are accumulated on the shelves 37 of the accumulation shelves 35 of the distribution center, the space required for the picking operation can be saved.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention has been explained in full detail with drawing, the said embodiment is only an illustration of this invention and this invention is not limited only to the structure of the said embodiment. Of course, even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention, it is included in the present invention. In the present embodiment, the distribution method of the reels 19 has been described. However, the articles to be distributed are not limited to the reels 19.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dedicated container 3,9 Opening / closing door 7 Long side surface 15 Dedicated tray 17 Groove 19 Reel 21 Dedicated pallet 23 1st process 25 2nd process 27 3rd process 29 4th process 31 Identification member 35 Stacking shelf 37 Shelf 39 Picking forklift 41 Work table 47 Truck

Claims (5)

A first process for storing articles shipped from a factory in a packaging box, a second process for collecting and storing the packaging boxes in a plurality of rows and rows, and a request for a delivery destination from the stored packaging boxes In the article logistics method, including a third step of transferring the article extracted together to a shipping packaging box and a fourth step of transporting the shipping packaging box by a transporting means,
The packing box has the same form in all the first to fourth steps,
The packaging box is composed of a dedicated tray for storing a plurality of the articles, and a resin dedicated container formed in a rectangular parallelepiped box shape for storing the dedicated tray.
At least one of the short sides of the dedicated container is provided with an open / close door that allows the dedicated tray to be taken in and out in the longitudinal direction of the dedicated container,
In the second step, the opening and closing doors of the dedicated container are collected in front,
The third step, open the door of the dedicated container which the article to suit the delivery destination of the request is accommodated, meet the requirements to pull out by sliding the dedicated tray to the front from the dedicated container article A method for logistics of goods, characterized in that the product is extracted.   2. The article distribution method according to claim 1, wherein the article is a disk-shaped reel around which a plastic tape for holding an electronic component is wound.   The bottom of the dedicated tray is formed with a plurality of semicircular arc-shaped grooves in which the peripheral edge of the article is accommodated, spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the dedicated tray. Logistics method of goods.   4. The article distribution method according to claim 3, wherein the dedicated tray is formed so that an identification member for identifying the adjacent article can be mounted in a gap between the adjacent grooves.   In the third step, the dedicated containers stacked in a plurality of stages in a plurality of rows on a pallet are accumulated on a shelf of a collection shelf having a plurality of rows and a plurality of rows of shelves, and the dedicated containers accumulated in the accumulation shelf are collected. 5. The goods distribution method according to claim 1, wherein the goods to be delivered are extracted from a container in accordance with a request of a delivery destination and transferred to the dedicated container for shipping.

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