JP6040482B2 - MAG welding equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a MAG welding apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to a MAG welding apparatus that welds a groove formed by end faces of two steel pipes facing each other in the axial direction.

  Conventionally, when constructing pipelines such as water pipes and gas pipes, the end faces of two steel pipes facing each other in the axial direction are arranged close to each other, and the welding torch provided in the MAG welding apparatus is arranged in the circumferential direction of the steel pipe. MAG welding is performed by moving along the groove (along the groove formed by the end surfaces of the two steel pipes).

  In MAG welding, an arc is generated from the welding wire toward the groove by applying a welding voltage between the welding wire supplied from the welding torch and the steel pipe. And a groove | channel is welded because the welding wire melt | dissolved by the arc transfers to a groove | channel. Specifically, for example, the tip of the welding wire melted by the arc becomes a droplet and moves to the groove, or the tip of the welding wire melted by the arc forms a short circuit with the end surface of the steel pipe forming the groove. Then, the groove is welded by shifting to the groove.

  In the construction of the above pipeline, it is desired to increase the welding efficiency. In order to increase the welding efficiency, for example, the groove angle of the groove to be welded is set to a small angle of 10 to 40 ° (hereinafter, a groove having a groove angle of 10 to 40 ° is referred to as a narrow groove). Can be considered. If the welding object is a narrow groove, the groove cross-sectional area is reduced by the amount of the groove angle, so that the supply amount of the welding wire required for welding can be reduced. Thereby, the time required for welding can be shortened, that is, the welding efficiency can be increased.

  However, when the welding target is a narrow groove, the welding efficiency is increased, but the groove cross-sectional area is small, so the amount of heat input to the molten metal consisting of the welding wire supplied from the welding torch and the base material of the steel pipe is small. . For this reason, the penetration defect with a steel pipe and a welding wire generate | occur | produces, and there exists a possibility that welding quality may fall. Therefore, it is conceivable to perform welding with a large welding current so that the heat input amount is increased while the object to be welded is a narrow groove. However, when the welding current is increased, the arc becomes stronger, so that a groove (hereinafter referred to as “groove grooving”) due to the grooving is generated, and the welding quality may be deteriorated.

In MAG welding, in order to prevent the molten metal consisting of the welding wire supplied from the welding torch and the base material of the steel pipe from being oxidized, a mixed gas (shield gas) of Ar and CO ₂ is used as a groove from the welding torch. Supply towards. If the CO ₂ mixing ratio is too low, the arc generated between the welding wire and the base metal spreads, so that the amount of heat input to the molten metal becomes insufficient, resulting in poor penetration between the steel pipe and the welding wire. It is easy and the welding quality may be reduced. On the other hand, if the CO ₂ mixing ratio is too high, the arc becomes sharp, but the droplets tend to increase due to the influence of CO ₂ . As a result, the molten metal is likely to be scattered when a large droplet moves to the groove, so that spatter is likely to occur and the welding quality may be deteriorated.
That is, in order to suppress the penetration failure and the occurrence of sputtering, it is necessary to set the CO ₂ mixing ratio in an appropriate range. However, as described above, the occurrence of poor penetration is caused by narrowing the welding target, as described above. Therefore, the occurrence of poor penetration is suppressed only by setting the CO ₂ mixing ratio within an appropriate range. I can't.

Various types of MAG welding in which a welding target is a narrow groove have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1, a welding wire is a flux cored wire, and a groove gas having a groove angle of 10 is formed using a shield gas having a mixed gas of Ar and CO ₂ and a CO ₂ mixing ratio of 20 to 50%. A MAG welding method for welding a narrow groove of ˜40 ° has been proposed.

  Since the flux cored wire used in the MAG welding method described in Patent Document 1 is more expensive than a general solid wire, the MAG welding method described in Patent Document 1 that requires a flux cored wire requires a welding cost. There was a problem of rising.

  Therefore, even when the welding object is a narrow groove, MAG welding that solves the above-described problems of poor weld quality due to poor penetration, groove punching, and spatter generation is desired regardless of the type of welding wire. It was.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-129069

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the prior art. Even in a narrow groove, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of poor penetration, groove gap and spatter regardless of the type of welding wire. It is an object of the present invention to provide a MAG welding apparatus that can suppress and maintain welding quality.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have intensively studied. As a result, even when the groove angle is a narrow groove of 10 to 40 °, the CO ₂ mixing ratio is 20 to 40 from the welding torch toward the groove. %, By setting the slope of the external characteristic of the welding power source that supplies the welding current between the welding wire and the steel pipe to −17 to −10 V / 100 A, regardless of the type of the welding wire, It has been found that it is possible to weld a groove while maintaining welding quality while suppressing the occurrence of poor penetration, groove punching and spatter.

The present invention has been completed based on the above findings of the present inventors. That is, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a MAG welding apparatus that welds a groove formed by end faces of two steel pipes facing each other in the axial direction, and the groove angle of the groove is 10 A welding torch for supplying a welding wire toward the groove while moving along the circumferential direction of the steel pipe, and a welding power source for supplying a welding current between the welding wire and the steel pipe The welding torch supplies a shielding gas which is a mixed gas of Ar and CO ₂ and has a CO ₂ mixing ratio of 20 to 40% toward the groove, and has an external characteristic of the welding power source. The inclination of is -17 to -10V / 100A, and provides the MAG welding apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

Here, the CO ₂ mixing ratio, relative to the total volume of the Ar gas and CO ₂ gas being mixed, means the ratio occupied by the volume of CO ₂ gas. The external characteristic means a characteristic curve (generally a straight line) indicating the relationship between the welding current and the welding voltage in the welding power source. The slope of the external characteristic means the slope of the characteristic curve. The inclination of the external characteristic is represented by, for example, the ratio of the fluctuation amount of the welding voltage to the fluctuation amount of the welding current of 100A.

According to the present invention, the welding torch supplies the welding wire toward the groove while moving along the circumferential direction of the steel pipe, and the welding power source supplies the welding current between the welding wire and the steel pipe. Specifically, since a welding voltage is applied so that an arc is generated from the welding wire toward the groove, the groove is welded by the generated arc heat. Then, even in narrow groove that included angle is 10 to 40 °, the welding torch is CO ₂ mixing ratio supplies a shielding gas is 20-40% towards the groove, the external characteristic of the welding power source If the inclination is set to −17 to −10 V / 100 A, regardless of the type of the welding wire, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of spatter, penetration failure, and groove punching, and perform welding while maintaining the welding quality. Since welding can be performed with a narrow gap as the object to be welded while maintaining the welding quality, the working time of the welding work can be shortened, that is, the welding efficiency can be increased.

  The welding wire is preferably a solid wire.

  As described above, the MAG welding apparatus according to the present invention can perform welding while maintaining the welding quality regardless of the type of the welding wire. For this reason, according to such a preferable structure, as a result of using an inexpensive solid wire, welding costs can be suppressed.

  The welding current has a rise time of 0.8 to 1.2 ms, a peak current of 400 to 500 A, a peak time of 1.0 to 1.8 ms, and a fall time of 0.8 to 1. The pulse current is preferably 2 ms and the base current is 30 to 50 A.

  Here, the pulse current means a current that alternately repeats a peak current and a base current. The peak time means a time during which a peak current flows. The base time means a time during which the base current flows. The rise time means the time until the base current changes to the peak current. The fall time means the time until the peak current changes to the base current. Specifically, a pulse current is a series of currents that change to a base current at a fall time after the peak current flows for a peak time, and change to a peak current at a rise time after the base current flows for a base time. It is repeated, and one cycle of the pulse current waveform means a time during which this series of current flows.

According to said preferable structure, the spray arc welding which a welding wire turns into a droplet and transfers to a groove is performed when a welding power supply supplies a pulse current. Specifically, the rise time of the pulse current is 0.8 to 1.2 ms, the peak current of the pulse current is 400 to 500 A, and the peak time of the pulse current is 1.0 to 1.8 ms. The tip of the welding wire melts from the rise time to the peak time, and the tip of the welding wire becomes a droplet in the middle of the peak time, and this droplet is detached from the welding wire by the electromagnetic pinch force accompanying the peak current. Further, since the falling time of the pulse current is 0.8 to 1.2 ms, the droplets detached from the welding wire are transferred to the groove during the base time following the falling time. By repeating such droplet transfer, spray arc welding is performed so that one droplet moves to the groove every cycle of the pulse current waveform (hereinafter referred to as one pulse / one droplet transfer). Done. If one pulse is one droplet transfer, the size of the droplet transferred to the groove becomes uniform every one cycle of the pulse current waveform. If the size of the droplets becomes uniform, the transition of the droplets becomes stable, and it is easier to suppress the occurrence of spatter. In addition, the rise time is 0.8 to 1.2 ms, the peak current is 400 to 500 A, the peak time is 1.0 to 1.8 ms, and the fall time is 0.8 to 1.2 ms. Since welding is performed with strength, it is easier to further suppress the occurrence of poor penetration and groove punching. Furthermore, according to such a preferable configuration, the base current of the pulse current is set to 30 to 50 A, thereby suppressing arc breakage and causing the current flowing when the droplet moves to the groove to become too large. Therefore, it is easier to further suppress poor penetration and occurrence of spatter. Therefore, according to such a preferable configuration, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of spatter, penetration failure, and groove punching, and perform welding while maintaining welding quality.
In the present invention, preferably, the welding power source is capable of detecting an arc voltage that is a voltage between a tip of the welding wire and an end surface of the steel pipe forming the groove, and the welding power source includes A first correspondence relationship that is a correspondence relationship between the arc voltage and an arc length that means a length of an arc generated from the welding wire toward the groove, and the arc length; A second correspondence which is a correspondence between arc characteristics indicating a characteristic curve indicating a relation between the welding current at which the arc is stabilized and a welding voltage is stored, and the welding power source detects the arc voltage. Then, the arc length is derived from the detected arc voltage and the stored first correspondence relationship, and the derived arc length is compared to the derived arc length by the derived arc length and the stored second correspondence relationship. The arc power characteristic is determined, and the welding power source uses the determined arc characteristic and the set external characteristic to derive the welding current at the intersection of the arc characteristic and the external characteristic. , Supplying the derived welding current.

  As described above, according to the present invention, welding can be performed while maintaining welding quality by suppressing the occurrence of poor penetration, groove penetration and spatter, regardless of the type of welding wire, even in a narrow groove. Can do. As a result, the welding efficiency can be increased.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a MAG welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the pulse current supplied by the welding power source. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example in which the arc length varies when the welding torch weaves. FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of external characteristics and arc characteristics. FIG. 5 shows the results of welding quality when the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas and the slope of the external characteristics are changed. FIG. 6 shows the results of welding quality when the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas and the slope of the external characteristics are changed. FIG. 7 shows an example of the result of the wall penetration width when the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas is changed. FIG. 8 shows an example of the result of the number of spatters generated when the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas is changed. FIG. 9 shows an example of the result of welding quality when the wire supply speed is changed for each welding position.

  Hereinafter, a MAG welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a MAG welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.1 (a) is the schematic of the MAG welding apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention, FIG.1 (b) is an enlarged view of the area | region A shown to Fig.1 (a).

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the MAG welding apparatus 100 according to this embodiment includes a welding torch 1 and a welding power source 2. The MAG welding apparatus 100 further includes a carriage 4 and a rail 5. And in this embodiment, as shown in FIG.1 (b), the groove angle of the groove | channel 3 which the end surfaces of the two steel pipes P which faced the axial direction form shall be 10-40 degrees.

  The welding torch 1 is attached to the carriage 4. Further, the welding torch 1 supplies a welding wire 11 toward the groove 3. And the trolley | bogie 4 can drive | work on the rail 5 arrange | positioned along the circumferential direction of the steel pipe P. As shown in FIG. As a result, the carriage 4 travels on the rail 5, whereby the welding torch 1 supplies the welding wire 11 toward the groove 3 while moving along the circumferential direction of the steel pipe P. Further, the carriage 4 can swing the welding torch 1 along the axial direction of the steel pipe P. Specifically, the welding torch 1 attached to the carriage 4 swings the welding wire 11 toward the groove 3 while swinging with respect to the carriage 4 along the axial direction of the steel pipe P (hereinafter referred to as weaving). Supply. For this reason, the welding torch 1 can uniformly supply the welding wire 11 to the groove 3. In the present embodiment, the diameter of the welding wire 11 is 0.9 mm.

  The welding power source 2 applies a welding voltage between the welding wire 11 and the steel pipe P. Specifically, the welding power source 2 applies a welding voltage between the tip of the welding wire 11 and the end surface of the steel pipe P that forms the groove 3, and supplies a welding current generated by the applied welding voltage. The welding power source 2 stores a characteristic curve (generally a straight line) called an external characteristic. Specifically, the welding power source 2 stores no-load voltage and the slope of the external characteristic. The no-load voltage means the welding voltage when the welding current is 0A. And the welding power supply 2 outputs a welding current and a welding voltage according to an external characteristic. In the present embodiment, the external characteristic of the welding power source 2, that is, the characteristic curve indicating the relationship between the welding current output from the welding power source 2 and the welding voltage is a straight line having a negative slope. Further, since the slope of the straight line is close to 0, the external characteristic of the welding power source 2 is a substantially constant voltage characteristic.

  As described above, the welding torch 1 supplies the welding wire 11 toward the groove 3 formed by the end faces of the steel pipe P. The welding power source 2 applies a welding voltage between the tip of the welding wire 11 and the end surface of the steel pipe P that forms the groove 3. As a result, an arc is generated from the tip of the welding wire 11 toward the groove 3, and the tip of the welding wire 11 and the end surface of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3 are melted by the heat of the generated arc. That is, the molten metal consisting of the welding wire 11 and the base material of the steel pipe P is welded to the groove 3.

The welding torch 1 supplies a shield gas that is a mixed gas of Ar and CO ₂ toward the groove 3. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the molten metal deposited on the groove 3 from being oxidized. As described above, if the CO ₂ mixing ratio is too low, poor penetration tends to occur, and if the CO ₂ mixing ratio is too high, sputtering tends to occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas is used. Is 20-40%.

  As a welding state in which the welding wire 11 moves to the groove 3, for example, short arc welding in which the welding wire 11 is short-circuited with the end surface of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3, or the tip of the welding wire 11 becomes a droplet. The spray arc welding which transfers to the groove | channel 3 is mentioned. In short arc welding, since the molten metal is likely to be scattered when the welding wire 11 is short-circuited with the end face of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3, spatter is likely to occur. On the other hand, in spray arc welding, since the tip of the welding wire 11 becomes a droplet and moves to the groove 3, the molten metal hardly scatters and it is easy to suppress the occurrence of spatter. In the present embodiment, spray arc welding is used from the viewpoint of easily suppressing the occurrence of spatter, but the present invention is not limited to this.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the welding current supplied from the welding power source 2 is a pulse current, and spray arc welding is performed (hereinafter referred to as pulse arc welding). I _p is the peak current of the welding current, I _b is the base current of the welding current, T _p is the peak time, T _b is the base time, T _up is the rise time of the welding current, and T _dw is the welding current. Represents fall time.
Specifically, with respect to the pulse current supplied from the welding power source 2, the tip of the welding wire 11 melts from the rise time T _up to the peak time T _p, and the tip of the welding wire 11 becomes a droplet in the middle of the peak time T _p. The droplets are detached from the welding wire 11 by the electromagnetic pinch force accompanying the peak current _Ip . The droplet that has left from the welding wire 11, in the middle of the base time T _b subsequent to the fall time T _dw, moves to the groove 3. By repeating such droplet transfer, pulse arc welding is performed so that one droplet (hereinafter referred to as one pulse / one droplet transfer) is transferred to the groove 3 for each cycle of the pulse current waveform. Has been done. Incidentally, the welding power supply 2 is capable of outputting a pulse current by varying the base time T _b. Therefore, if a shorter base time T _b, since the time to supply the base current I _b is shortened, it is possible to increase the average current of the pulse current. On the other hand, if the long base time T _b, since the time to supply the base current I _b becomes long, it is possible to lower the average current of the pulse current.

Here, a characteristic curve (hereinafter referred to as arc characteristic) indicating a relationship between a welding current at which the arc is stabilized (an average current of a pulse current when the welding current is a pulse current) and a welding voltage is opened from the welding wire 11. It depends on the length of the arc generated toward the tip 3 (hereinafter referred to as arc length). As shown in FIG. 3, for example, when the welding torch 1 is at the center of the groove 3 in the axial direction of the steel pipe P, the arc length of the arc generated on the surface of the molten metal from the welding wire 11 (arc length L _2). ) Becomes the longest, and when the welding torch 1 moves by weaving, the arc length (arc length L ₁ ) of the arc generated on the end face of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3 from the welding wire 11 becomes short. That is, when the welding wire 11 is weaved, the arc length varies. Since the arc characteristic depends on the arc length, in order to stabilize the arc, the welding power source 2 needs to control the welding current to be output and the welding voltage in accordance with the fluctuation of the arc length.

  As for the arc generated from the welding wire 11 toward the groove 3, the voltage between the tip of the welding wire 11 and the end surface of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3 (hereinafter referred to as arc voltage) as the arc length increases. As the arc length increases and the arc length decreases, the arc voltage decreases. That is, the arc length can be derived from the arc voltage, and both have a corresponding relationship. In the present embodiment, the welding power source 2 can detect an arc voltage, and includes, for example, an arc voltage detection unit (not shown) between terminals that output the welding voltage. In the welding power source 2, the correspondence relationship (first correspondence relationship) between the arc voltage and the arc length is stored in a table format or a function format. Further, the welding power source 2 stores a correspondence relationship (second correspondence relationship) between the arc length and the arc characteristic in a table format or a function format. When the arc power is detected by the arc voltage detector, the welding power source 2 can derive the arc length from the detected arc voltage and the stored first correspondence relationship. Then, the welding power source 2 determines an arc characteristic corresponding to the derived arc length based on the derived arc length and the stored second correspondence relationship. The welding power source 2 uses the determined arc characteristic and the set external characteristic to derive a welding voltage and a welding current at the intersection of the arc characteristic and the external characteristic. Since the derived welding voltage and welding current follow the external characteristics of the welding power source 2, the welding power source 2 can output them. Further, since the derived welding voltage and welding current follow the arc characteristics, the arc generated from the welding wire 11 toward the groove 3 is stabilized. That is, the welding power source 2 can generate the arc stably by supplying the derived welding current. In the present embodiment, the welding power source 2 includes the arc voltage detection unit, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the arc voltage detection unit may be provided outside the welding power source 2. In this embodiment, since the welding current supplied from the welding power source 2 is a pulse current, the value of the welding current (average current of the pulse current) is changed by changing the base time of the pulse current. Specifically, the welding power source 2 can generate the arc stably by changing the base time according to the fluctuation of the arc length.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing arc characteristics of external characteristics and arc lengths of L ₁ and L ₂ (L ₂ is larger than L ₁ ), and the horizontal axis represents the welding current supplied by the welding power source 2. The vertical axis represents the welding voltage applied by the welding power source 2. The slope of the external characteristic shown in FIG. 4 is −17, −10V / 100A. As shown in FIG. 4, for example, when the slope of the external characteristic is −10 V / 100 A, when the arc length is L ₂ , the welding current (average current of the pulse current) becomes I ₂ and the welding voltage becomes V ₂ . The arc becomes stable. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, when the arc length changes to L ₁ due to the weaving of the welding torch 1, the welding current (average current of the pulse current) changes to I ₁ and the welding voltage changes to V ₁ . And the arc is stabilized. That is, if the arc length is shortened, the welding current increases and the welding voltage decreases. Similarly, as the arc length increases, the welding current decreases and the welding voltage increases. As shown in FIG. 4, when the slope of the external characteristic is −10 V / 100 A, the amount of fluctuation of the welding current due to the fluctuation of the arc length is larger than that of the slope of the external characteristic is −17 V / 100 A. If the amount of fluctuation of the welding current due to the fluctuation of the arc length is large, the self-control action of the arc length works strongly. Here, for example, when the arc length is shortened, the welding current is increased, so that the amount of melting of the welding wire 11 is increased, and as a result, the arc length is pulled back to the original state. On the other hand, when the arc length is increased, the welding current is decreased, so that the amount of melting of the welding wire 11 is decreased, and as a result, the arc length is pulled back to the original state. This action is called arc length self-control action.

  If the slope value of the external characteristic is greater than −10 V / 100 A (if the slope is small), the amount of fluctuation in the welding current increases when the arc length varies due to the weaving of the welding torch 1. For this reason, even if the welding quality is maintained at the center of the groove 3 in the axial direction of the steel pipe P, the welding current becomes too large when the arc length is shortened by weaving, and as a result, the arc is strengthened, resulting in the opening. There is a risk of leading ahead. Therefore, even if the welding current is set so as not to generate a groove recess when the arc length is shortened by weaving, the welding current becomes too low at the center of the groove 3 in the axial direction of the steel pipe P. May occur. On the other hand, if the slope value of the external characteristic becomes smaller than −17 V / 100 A (if the slope becomes larger), the amount of fluctuation in the welding current becomes smaller when the arc length varies due to the weaving of the welding torch 1. For this reason, the self-control action of the arc length becomes difficult to work. If the self-control action of the arc length becomes difficult to work, the amount of increase in the welding current is small even when the tip of the welding wire 11 approaches the end surface of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3 by weaving, so the tip of the welding wire 11 is melted. As a result of being easily short-circuited with the end face of the steel pipe P that forms the groove 3 before the sputtering, spatter may occur. Further, when the tip of the welding wire 11 is short-circuited with the end surface of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3, the arc is extinguished, so that there is a possibility that poor penetration occurs. Therefore, if the welding current is output to such an extent that the tip of the welding wire 11 is not short-circuited with the end face of the steel pipe P forming the groove 3 by weaving, the welding current may become too high, resulting in the occurrence of a groove punch. In this embodiment, since the inclination of the external characteristic of the welding power source is −17 to −10 V / 100 A, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of spatter, penetration failure, and groove punching, and maintain welding quality and perform welding. .

When the peak current _Ip is smaller than 400 A, the electromagnetic pinch force is weakened, so that it is difficult for the droplet to move from the welding wire 11 to the groove 3. For this reason, one droplet does not move to the groove 3 every cycle of the pulse current waveform, and the droplet moves to the groove 3 every plural cycles of the pulse current waveform. If it does so, compared with the 1 pulse 1 droplet transfer which made the period of a pulse current waveform the same, the problem that welding efficiency worsens arises. Further, when the electromagnetic pinch force is weakened, the droplet cannot be detached from the welding wire 11 unless the droplet becomes large, so that the large droplet moves to the groove 3. As a result, when a large droplet moves to the groove 3, the spatter is likely to occur due to scattering of the molten metal, and the welding quality may be deteriorated. On the other hand, when the peak current _Ip is larger than 500 A, the arc becomes strong, so that a groove punch occurs and the welding quality may be deteriorated. In the present embodiment, the peak current _Ip is 400 to 500A. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of a sputter | spatter and a beveling is further suppressed more easily.

In the present embodiment, the rise time T _up is 0.8 to 1.2 ms, and the peak time T _p is 1.0 to 1.8 ms. According to such a configuration, the amount of the welding wire 11 to be melted is adjusted while the welding current rises and the peak current _Ip is supplied, and therefore, as described above, from the rise time T _up to the peak time. T _p melts the tip of the welding wire 11 toward the tip of the welding wire 11 in the middle of the peak time T _p becomes droplet, the droplet is detached from the welding wire 11 by the electromagnetic pinch force caused by the peak current I _p. As a result, 1 pulse 1 droplet transfer is performed. If one pulse is one droplet transfer, the size of the droplet transferred to the groove 3 is uniform every cycle of the pulse current waveform. If the size of the droplets becomes uniform, the transition of the droplets becomes stable, and it is easier to suppress the occurrence of spatter.

When the base current _Ib is smaller than 30A, arc breakage is likely to occur, so that poor penetration is likely to occur, and the welding quality may be deteriorated. On the other hand, when the base current _Ib is greater than 50 A, the current that flows when the droplets move to the molten metal becomes too large, so that turbulent flow occurs in the molten metal and the molten metal becomes violent. As a result of the molten metal being exposed, the molten metal is likely to be scattered, so that spatter is likely to occur and the welding quality may be deteriorated. In the present embodiment, the base current _Ib is 30 to 50A. For this reason, it is easier to further suppress poor penetration and occurrence of spatter.

When the fall time T _dw is shorter than 0.8 ms, a phenomenon that the arc becomes thin is generated, the arc is concentrated and the arc is strengthened, so that the groove is formed and the welding quality may be deteriorated. On the other hand, when the fall time T _dw is longer than 1.2 ms, the pulse current before the falls from the peak current I _p to the base current I _b, droplet that has left from the welding wire 11 is moved to the groove 3, As described above, when the droplet moves to the groove 3, the current flowing in the molten metal becomes too large, so that a turbulent flow is generated in the molten metal, and the molten metal becomes in a state of violence. As a result of the molten metal being exposed, the molten metal is likely to be scattered, so that spatter is likely to occur and the welding quality may be deteriorated. In the present embodiment, the fall time T _dw is 0.8 to 1.2 ms. For this reason, it is easier to further suppress the occurrence of groove punching and sputtering.

As described above, in this embodiment, the shielding gas is a mixed gas of Ar and CO _2, and the CO ₂ mixing ratio is 20 to 40%, and the inclination of the external characteristics of the welding power source 2 is −17 to -10V / 100A. Therefore, we and CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shield gas, the test to confirm the effect by defining the slope of the external characteristic of the welding power source 2.

Specifically, a test for confirming the welding quality when the narrow groove was MAG welded by changing the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas and the inclination of the external characteristic of the welding power source 2 was performed. More specifically, the pulse current supplied from the welding power source 2 has a peak current I _p of 450 A, a peak time T _p of 1.8 ms, a rise time T _up of 1.2 ms, and a fall time. The test was conducted with T _dw of 1.2 ms and base current I _b of 30 A. Further, the wire supply speed was 10.6 m / min, and the traveling speed of the welding torch 1 was confirmed as 366 mm / min. Note that the welding wire 11 was a solid wire, the diameter of the solid wire was 0.9 mm, and the route gap was 3.8 mm. Here, the root gap is the distance between the end faces of the two steel pipes P facing each other in the axial direction, as shown in FIG.

FIGS. 5A to 5C and FIGS. 6A and 6B show the results of the tests described above. Specifically, the slope value of the external characteristic when the CO ₂ mixing ratio of the shielding gas is set to 15, 20, 30, 40, and 45% for a V groove having a groove angle of 20 °, respectively. The results are shown in which welding was carried out while changing between -25 and -2V / 100A, and the spatter amount, groove drilling, and penetration failure were evaluated.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, as the evaluation of the spatter amount, “」 ”indicates that the number of sputters having a size of 0.3 mm or more was 3 / cm or less, and“ ◯ ”indicates 0.3 mm or more. “×” means that the number of sputters having a size of 0.3 mm or more was larger than 6 / cm. means.
In addition, as an evaluation of the groove punching, “○” indicates that the base material of the steel pipe P is dug along the toe of the welded portion, and there is no portion remaining as a groove without being filled with the molten metal. "X" means that the base material of the steel pipe P is dug along the toe of the welded portion, and there is a portion that remains as a groove without being filled with the molten metal.
In addition, as evaluation of poor penetration, “」 ”indicates that the wall penetration width is 1 mm or more,“ ◯ ”indicates that the wall penetration width is 0.4 mm or more and less than 1 mm,“ × ”. Means that the wall penetration width was less than 0.4 mm.
Furthermore, as a comprehensive evaluation, “◎” indicates that the spatter amount and penetration failure are evaluated as “◎” and the groove punch evaluation is “good”, and “○” indicates that the comprehensive evaluation satisfies the conditions of “◎”. Although there was no spatter amount, groove punching and penetration failure evaluation, the symbol “x” means that at least one of spatter amount, groove punching or penetration failure was evaluated as x. Means that.

Here, the number of spatters having a size of 0.3 mm or more is a value based on the number of spatters having a size of 0.3 mm or more adhering to the groove 3 after welding. Specifically, the size of the spatter adhering to the groove 3 is measured, and the number of sputters having a size of 0.3 mm or more per 30 cm is repeated 10 times, and the average value thereof is sputtered per 1 cm. It is a value converted to a number.
Moreover, the toe of a welding part means the point where the end surface of the steel pipe which forms a groove | channel, and the surface of a molten metal cross, as shown in FIG.
Furthermore, the wall penetration width means the length from the end face of the steel pipe forming the groove to the farthest point in the part where the base material of the steel pipe is melted.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the wall penetration width when the CO ₂ mixing ratio is changed to 15 to 45% when the slope of the external characteristic is −10 V / 100 A for the confirmation test. As shown in FIG. 7, it was confirmed that if the CO ₂ mixing ratio is 20% or more, the wall penetration width becomes 0.4 mm or more, so that poor penetration can be prevented.

FIG. 8 shows the number of sputters having a size of 0.3 mm or more when the CO ₂ mixing ratio is changed to 15 to 45% when the slope of the external characteristic is −10 V / 100 A for the above confirmation test. It is a graph to show. As shown in FIG. 8, when the CO ₂ mixing ratio was 40% or less, the number of sputters having a size of 0.3 mm or more was 6 or less, and it was confirmed that the occurrence of spatter could be suppressed.

According to the results shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the shield gas is a mixed gas of Ar and CO ₂ and the CO ₂ mixing ratio is 20 to 40% with respect to the groove having a groove angle of 20 °. When the inclination of the external characteristics of the film was -17 to -10 V / 100 A, it was confirmed that welding failure was prevented, groove gaps and spatter were suppressed, and welding could be maintained while maintaining welding quality.
In addition, although the result about the V groove | channel whose groove angle is 20 degrees is shown in the said confirmation test, Y groove | channel, X groove | channel etc. may be sufficient, for example. If the groove angle is 10 to 40 °, the welding quality is similar to the results shown in FIGS.

From the above results, the shielding gas is a mixed gas of Ar and CO _2, and the CO ₂ mixing ratio is 20 to 40%, and the slope of the external characteristic of the welding power source 2 is −17 to −10 V / 100 A. As a result, it was found that even a narrow groove can be welded while suppressing welding failure, groove gap and spatter generation, and maintaining welding quality.

When the groove angle is set to 20 °, the CO ₂ mixing ratio is set to 30%, and the slope of the external characteristic is set to −17 to −10 V / 100 A, a test for confirming the welding quality with respect to the wire supply speed at each welding position is performed. went. Specifically, multi-layer welding is performed, the welding wire 11 is a solid wire, the diameter of the solid wire is 0.9 mm, the amount of deposited metal is 1.6 to 1.8 g / cm, and the root gap is The test was conducted at 3.8 mm.
Here, the amount of deposited metal means the amount of metal (g) deposited per traveling distance (cm) of the welding torch 1. Specifically, it means the weight of the droplets transferred from the welding wire 11 to the groove 3 per traveling distance of the welding torch 1.

FIG. 9 shows the results of the test described above. Note that “◯” means that welding could be performed while maintaining welding quality, and “x” means that welding was poor.
Moreover, the angle shown by the welding position means the angle of the clockwise direction from the straight line extended vertically upwards from the pipe axis of the steel pipe P to the straight line which connects the location where welding is performed, and a pipe axis. Copper plate fusion means that the backing material applied to the bottom of the groove was fused to the steel pipe by an arc. The burnout means that the molten metal has melted from the groove. The appearance defect means that a clear convex portion is generated in the bead shape generated by welding.

  Since the groove is welded within the predetermined amount of the deposited metal, the traveling speed of the welding torch 1 can be increased by increasing the wire supply speed. As shown in FIG. 9, if MAG welding is performed at a wire supply speed as fast as possible, it is possible to increase the traveling speed of the welding torch 1, so that the welding efficiency can be expected to increase.

  The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in the present embodiment, the diameter of the welding wire 11 is 0.9 mm, but the present invention is not limited to this. Moreover, although this embodiment demonstrated the case where the welding wire 11 was a solid wire, this invention is not limited to this, A flux cord wire etc. may be sufficient.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Welding torch 2 ... Welding power supply 3 ... Groove 4 ... Carriage 5 ... Rail 11 ... Welding wire 100 ... MAG welding apparatus P ... Steel pipe

Claims (4)

A MAG welding apparatus for welding a groove formed by end faces of two steel pipes facing each other in an axial direction,
The groove angle of the groove is 10 to 40 °,
A welding torch for supplying a welding wire toward the groove while moving along the circumferential direction of the steel pipe;
A welding power source for supplying a welding current between the welding wire and the steel pipe;
The welding torch supplies a shielding gas having a mixed gas of Ar and CO ₂ with a CO ₂ mixing ratio of 20 to 40% toward the groove,
The MAG welding apparatus, wherein the inclination of the external characteristic of the welding power source is -17 to -10V / 100A.   The MAG welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the welding wire is a solid wire.   The welding current has a rise time of 0.8 to 1.2 ms, a peak current of 400 to 500 A, a peak time of 1.0 to 1.8 ms, and a fall time of 0.8 to 1. 3. The MAG welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the MAG welding apparatus has a pulse current of 2 ms and a base current of 30 to 50 A. 4. The welding power source is capable of detecting an arc voltage that is a voltage between a tip of the welding wire and an end surface of the steel pipe forming the groove,
The welding power source stores a first correspondence relationship that is a correspondence relationship between the arc voltage and an arc length that means a length of an arc generated from the welding wire toward the groove, and A second correspondence relationship is stored which is a correspondence relationship between the arc length and an arc characteristic indicating a characteristic curve indicating a relation between the welding current and the welding voltage at which the arc is stabilized, and
The welding power source detects the arc voltage, derives the arc length from the detected arc voltage and the stored first correspondence relationship, and derives the arc length and the stored second correspondence. And determining the arc characteristic corresponding to the derived arc length by relationship,
The welding power source uses the determined arc characteristic and the set external characteristic to derive the welding current at the intersection of the arc characteristic and the external characteristic, and supplies the derived welding current The MAG welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:

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