JP6036521B2 - Power storage device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for monitoring a voltage state of a storage element.

  Conventionally, there is a charging device having a charging current adjusting function for adjusting a charging current to the battery so that the battery is not overcharged (see Patent Document 1). Specifically, the battery is housed in a battery pack together with a charging voltage information generation unit, and the charging voltage information generation unit outputs a status signal indicating whether the voltage of the battery is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. To do. On the other hand, the charging device includes a power source that outputs a charging current, a current detector that detects the charging current, and a control unit. The control unit controls the power supply so that the charging current approaches the target current. Based on the state signal sent from the battery pack, the control unit sets the target current when the battery voltage exceeds a predetermined value (full charge voltage). Change to a value smaller than the current value.

JP-A-2005-151683

  However, some charging devices do not have a charging current adjustment function. When charging a battery with such a charging device, it is not possible to prevent the battery from being overcharged. Further, even if the charging device has a charging current adjustment function, for example, the adjustment accuracy of the charging current adjustment function is low, or the battery is prevented from being overcharged due to failure. There is a risk that it will not be possible. In general, a load to which a discharge current is supplied from a battery does not have a discharge current adjustment function for adjusting the discharge current from the battery. Therefore, the same problem as in the case of charging the battery described above may occur.

  In this specification, regardless of whether or not an electric device such as a load or a charging device has a current adjustment function, a storage element such as a battery is prevented from being in a voltage abnormal state such as an overcharge state or an overdischarge state. Disclosure of possible technologies.

  The power storage device disclosed in the present specification is provided between an electric device and a power storage element, and the first switch that switches between an open state and a closed state, and the first switch between the electric device and the power storage element. A voltage source connected in series to the second switch between a pair of connection points of a second switch connected in parallel to the switch and switching between an open state and a closed state, and the first switch and the second switch And a control unit, wherein the control unit has a unidirectional voltage that causes the voltage of the power storage element to be out of a reference range due to a current that flows in the same direction as a current that flows into the high potential side of the voltage source. A voltage determination process for determining whether the battery is in a state; and when the voltage determination process determines that the power storage element is not in the same-direction voltage state, at least the first switch is closed Normal time processing, and when the voltage determination processing determines that the power storage element is in the same direction voltage state, the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed. And a configuration for executing

  According to the invention disclosed in this specification, it is possible to suppress the storage element from being in an abnormal voltage state such as an overcharged state or an overdischarged state, regardless of whether or not the electric device has a current adjustment function. it can.

Battery block diagram according to one embodiment Graph showing OCV and SOC of the cell A graph showing the passage of time between cell current and cell voltage when the battery pack is charged at a constant voltage Flow chart showing secondary battery protection process Flowchart showing overcharge protection process Transition diagram showing switch switching during overcharge protection processing Graph showing cell voltage over time Circuit diagram showing the current path when charging the voltage source Flow chart showing overdischarge protection process Circuit diagram showing the connection configuration of the three-point switching relay

(Outline of the embodiment)
A power storage element protection device disclosed in the present specification is provided between an electric device and a power storage element, and the first switch that switches between an open state and a closed state; and A second switch connected in parallel to the first switch and switched between an open state and a closed state, and connected in series to the second switch between a pair of connection points of the first switch and the second switch A voltage source and a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to cause the voltage of the power storage element to be out of a reference range by a current flowing in the same direction as the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source. A voltage determination process for determining whether or not the voltage is in a directional voltage state; and when the voltage determination process determines that the power storage element is not in the same direction voltage state, at least the first switch is closed. The normal direction process for setting the first switch to the open state and the voltage determination process to determine that the power storage element is in the same direction voltage state, the first switch is set to the open state and the second switch is set to the closed state. And a voltage-time process.

  In this storage element protection device, when the storage element is in the same-direction voltage state, the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed. As a result, the amount of current flowing in the same direction as the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source is limited by the potential difference of the voltage source, so that the electrical device has a current adjustment function compared to a configuration without a voltage source. Regardless of whether or not the battery is included, it is possible to suppress a voltage abnormality state caused by a current flowing in the same direction in the storage element such as a battery.

  In the power storage device protection apparatus, the electrical device includes a charging device and a load, and the first electric current path is provided between the charging device and the power storage element and in a common current path between the load and the power storage element. The switch, the second switch, and the voltage source may be connected.

  According to this storage element protection device, even when the first switch is in an open state and the second switch is in a closed state due to execution of the process in the same direction voltage, it is opposite to the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source. It is possible to prevent the current path flowing in the direction from being interrupted.

  In the storage element protection device, when the control unit determines that the storage element is in the same direction voltage state in the process in the same direction voltage, the control unit first sets the second switch to the closed state, and then The first switch may be configured to be in an open state.

  According to this storage element protection device, both the first switch and the second switch are not simultaneously opened during the process of processing in the same direction voltage, which is opposite to the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source. It is possible to suppress the current flowing in the direction from being interrupted instantaneously.

  The power storage element protection device may have a charging circuit for charging the voltage source.

  According to this storage element protection device, the voltage source can be charged, and therefore it is possible to repeatedly suppress the storage element from being in the same direction voltage state.

  In the above-described storage element protection device, the charging circuit includes a connection switch that is connected in parallel to both the storage element and the second switch and that switches between an open state and a closed state that are connected in series with the voltage source. The voltage source may be charged by the electric device or the power storage element.

  According to this storage element protection device, the voltage source can be charged without newly providing a charging circuit, compared to a configuration in which charging is performed by an external power source or the like.

  In the power storage device protection device, the control unit determines whether the voltage source needs to be charged.If the control unit determines that the voltage source needs to be charged in the charge determination process and the charge determination process, A charge start process for setting the connection switch in the closed state, and a charge end process for setting the connection switch in the open state when it is determined in the charge determination process that charging of the voltage source is not necessary The structure which has this may be sufficient.

  According to this electricity storage element protection device, the voltage source can be charged as much as necessary when necessary as compared with the configuration without the charge start process and the charge end process.

  In the storage element protection device, in the voltage determination process, the control unit further causes the voltage of the storage element to be out of the reference range by a direction opposite to a current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source. When the voltage determination process determines that the power storage element is in the reverse voltage state, the reverse is set to open the first switch and the second switch. You may have the structure which performs the process at the time of direction voltage.

  According to this storage element protection device, when the storage element is in the reverse voltage state, the first switch and the second switch are opened. Thereby, it can suppress that an electrical storage element will be in the voltage abnormal state by the electric current which flows into a reverse direction.

  In the above-described storage element protection device, when the voltage source is connected in series to the storage element, the voltage source is connected in a direction in which the sum of voltages with the storage element increases, and is further connected in parallel to the storage element, A discharge unit that switches between a discharge state that discharges the storage element and a stop state that stops discharge, and when the control unit determines that the storage element is not in the same-direction voltage state in the voltage determination process, A configuration for performing a stop process for setting the discharge unit in the stop state, and a discharge process for setting the discharge unit in the discharge state when the voltage determination process determines that the power storage element is in the same-direction voltage state. But you can.

  According to the storage element protection device, when the storage element is in the reverse voltage state, the storage unit is discharged by the discharge unit being in the discharge state. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively suppress the storage element from being in a voltage abnormal state due to the current flowing in the same direction as the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source, as compared with the configuration without the discharge unit.

  In the above-described storage element protection device, the control unit may further open the second switch in the normal processing.

  According to this storage element protection device, the voltage source can be prevented from discharging.

  In the above-described storage element protection device, the storage element includes a lithium compound containing an iron component, and the open circuit voltage indicated by a flat region where the change rate of the open circuit voltage per unit charge state is small. A positive electrode active material having a specific lithium compound that has a higher voltage than that of the active material may be used as the positive electrode material.

  According to this storage element protection device, the rate of change in a region where the rate of change of the open-circuit voltage per unit charge state is large can be reduced compared to a configuration in which a high-voltage compatible material is not added to the positive electrode. A steep OCV change in a region where the state is close to full charge can be suppressed, and charging in a state where an overvoltage is applied to the storage element can be suppressed.

  Further, the power storage device may include a power storage element and a power storage element protection device.

  The invention disclosed in this specification can be realized in various modes such as a control device, a control method, a computer program for realizing the functions of these methods or devices, and a recording medium on which the computer program is recorded. Can do.

<One Embodiment>
An embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, a battery 1 according to this embodiment is a starter battery that is mounted on a vehicle such as an engine vehicle or a hybrid vehicle and supplies electric power to a starter 3 in order to start the engine 2. The battery 1 also supplies power to in-vehicle devices 4 such as headlights, audio systems, and security systems. On the other hand, the battery 1 is charged with electric power generated by the alternator 5 as the engine 2 rotates. The battery 1 is an example of a power storage device, the starter 3 and the in-vehicle device 4 are examples of a load to which power is supplied from the battery 1, and the alternator 5 is an example of a charging device or a generator that charges the battery 1. A load, a charging device, and the like are examples of electrical equipment.

(Battery configuration)
The battery 1 includes an assembled battery 11, a circuit switching unit 12, and a battery management device (hereinafter referred to as “BMS”) 13. The assembled battery 11 is an example of a power storage element, and has a configuration in which a plurality of cells CN are connected in series. Each cell CN is a rechargeable secondary battery. Specifically, a negative electrode in which a negative electrode active material is formed of a graphite-based material and a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material is formed of an iron phosphate-based material. A lithium ion battery. In FIG. 1 and the following description, the assembled battery 11 has four cells C1 to C4. In addition, what combined the circuit switching part 12 and BMS13 is an example of an electrical storage element protection apparatus.

  The assembled battery 11 is connected to the starter 3, the in-vehicle device 4, and the alternator 5 via the circuit switching unit 12. In other words, the circuit switching unit 12 is connected between the alternator 5 and the assembled battery 11 and between the in-vehicle device 4 and the like and the assembled battery 11. That is, the circuit switching unit 12 is provided on a common current path through which both the discharge current from the assembled battery 11 to the starter 3 and the charging current from the alternator 5 to the assembled battery 11 flow.

  The circuit switching unit 12 includes a first relay 12A, a second relay 12B, a voltage source SD, and a charging relay RC. The first relay 12A and the second relay 12B are connected in parallel to each other. The first relay 12A is, for example, a contact relay (mechanical switch) having a contact and a magnetic coil. When an open command signal is received from the control unit 22 described later, the contact is mechanically opened (open / off by electromagnetic action). ) State and when a close command signal is received from the control unit 22 described later, the contact is mechanically closed (closed / on) by electromagnetic action. The second second relay 12B is the same as the first relay 12A.

  The voltage source SD is connected in series to the second relay 12B between a pair of common connection points K1 and K2 between the first relay 12A and the second relay 12B. Specifically, the voltage source SD is connected in series to the second relay 12B such that the second relay 12B is on the negative electrode side (low potential side) and the common connection point K2 is on the positive electrode side (high potential side). ing. The voltage source SD is a rechargeable secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. The voltage source SD is more preferably a low-capacity one that increases the voltage with a small amount of charge. The voltage source SD may be a capacitor.

  The charging relay RC is connected in parallel to both the second relay 12B and the assembled battery 11 with the negative electrode side of the voltage source SD as a connection point at one end and the negative electrode side of the assembled battery 11 as a connection point at the other end. Has been. The charging relay RC is, for example, a contact relay (mechanical switch) having a contact and a magnetic coil. When an open command signal is received from the control unit 22 described later, the contact is mechanically opened (open / open) by electromagnetic action. When in the OFF state and a close command signal is received from the control unit 22 described later, the contact is mechanically closed (closed / ON) by electromagnetic action.

  A resistor R for limiting the charging current from the alternator 5 is connected in series with the charging relay RC between the negative electrode side of the voltage source SD and the charging relay RC. The charging relay RC is an example of a connection switch. The charging relay RC is combined with the second relay 12B with the negative electrode side of the voltage source SD as a connection point at one end and the negative electrode side of the assembled battery 11 as a connection point at the other end. The circuit configuration connected in parallel with both the battery 11 is an example of a charging circuit.

  When the first relay 12 </ b> A or the second relay 12 </ b> B is in the closed state, a current path is formed between the assembled battery 11 and the starter 3, the in-vehicle device 4, and the alternator 5. Specifically, a current path (hereinafter referred to as a discharge path) is formed between the assembled battery 11, the starter 3, and the in-vehicle device 4, so that power can be supplied from the assembled battery 11 to the starter 3 and the in-vehicle device 4. Become. Further, a current path (hereinafter referred to as a charging path) is formed between the assembled battery 11 and the alternator 5, and power can be supplied from the alternator 5 to the assembled battery 11.

  Note that the first relay 12 </ b> A and the second relay 12 </ b> B may be provided outside the battery 1. The first relay 12A is an example of a first switch, and the second relay 12B is an example of a second switch.

  When the second relay 12B is in the open state and the charging relay RC is in the closed state, the voltage source SD can be charged by the alternator 5. Note that the charging relay RC may be provided outside the battery 1.

  The BMS 13 includes a voltage detection circuit 21, a control unit 22, a current detection circuit 23, and four equalization circuits (discharge circuits) 25. The voltage detection circuit 21 is an example of a voltage detection unit, detects the voltages of the cells C1 to C4 individually, and transmits the detection results to the control unit 22. The voltage detection circuit 21 may be configured to detect the voltage of the entire assembled battery 11. The current detection circuit 23 detects a charging current and a discharging current (hereinafter referred to as charging / discharging current) flowing through the assembled battery 11, and transmits the detection result to the control unit 22.

  In addition to the voltage detection circuit 21 and the current detection circuit 23, the BMS 13 includes various detection units (not shown) such as a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the assembled battery 11, and the assembled battery is based on the detection results. 11 may be configured to monitor various states of the assembled battery 11 such as an internal resistance of 11 or a state of charge (hereinafter simply referred to as SOC).

  The control unit 22 includes a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 22A and a memory 22B. The memory 22B stores various programs (including a program for executing a secondary battery protection process described later) for controlling the operation of the control unit 22, and the CPU 22A reads the program read from the memory 22B. In accordance with the control, each unit of the control unit 22 is controlled. The memory 22B has a RAM and a ROM. The medium for storing the various programs may be a non-volatile memory such as a CD-ROM, a hard disk device, or a flash memory in addition to the RAM. The control unit 22 is driven by being supplied with power from the assembled battery 11.

  When the first relay 12A receives an open command signal from the control unit 22, the contact is mechanically opened (open / off) by electromagnetic action, and when the first relay 12A receives a close command signal from the control unit 22, the first relay 12A mechanically receives electromagnetic action. The contact is closed (closed / on). The second second relay 12B is the same as the first relay 12A.

  The equalization circuit 25 is a circuit for making the voltages of the four cells CN substantially uniform. Specifically, the equalization circuit 25 includes four discharge circuits HD1 to HD4 connected in parallel to the cells C1 to C4, respectively, and each discharge circuit HD includes, for example, a switch element 25A and a discharge resistor 25B connected in series. It has the structure made. Each discharge circuit HD is an example of a discharge unit.

  The control unit 22 applies a close command signal to the switch element 25A of each discharge circuit HD to make it close, so that the power of the cells C1 to C4 connected in parallel to the equalization circuit 25 is discharged by the discharge resistor 25B. It can be made to discharge and the voltage value of cell C1-C4 can be lowered | hung. When the control unit 22 determines that there is no need to lower the voltage values of the cells C1 to C4, the control unit 22 gives an open command signal to the switch element 25A of each discharge circuit HD to make it open.

(Iron phosphate lithium ion battery)
Problems during charging of the iron phosphate lithium ion battery will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 2, an OCV-SOC curve P showing a change characteristic (correlation) between the open circuit voltage (hereinafter referred to as OCV) and the SOC of the cell C is shown by a solid line. The OCV is a terminal voltage of the cell C in a stable state, for example, a terminal voltage of the cell C when a voltage change amount per unit time of the cell C is equal to or less than a specified amount. The prescribed amount can be determined in advance by the specification of the cell C, a predetermined experiment, or the like. Data relating to the OCV-SOC curve P is stored in the memory 22B.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in the iron phosphate lithium ion battery, there are a flat region (also referred to as a plateau region) in which the OCV change rate is relatively small and a change region in which the OCV change rate is relatively large. Specifically, the region where the SOC is 25% to 97% is a flat region where the OCV change rate is relatively small, and the region where the SOC is 25% or less, or 97% or more, the OCV change rate is compared. This is a large change area.

  Since the iron phosphate lithium ion battery has the characteristics as described above, for example, when the SOC is around 100%, the voltage rises greatly even if the capacity is overcharged. Thereby, there exists a possibility that the charge exceeding the maximum charge voltage value defined with the iron phosphate lithium ion battery may be performed.

  For example, when the SOC of the cell C1 in FIG. 1 is 100%, the SOC of the cell C2 is 95%, the SOC of the cell C3 is 90%, the SOC of the cell C4 is 80%, and the SOCs of the cells C1 to C4 vary. If the assembled battery 11 is charged at a constant voltage, a problem as shown in FIG. 3 occurs.

  In FIG. 3, the battery 1 is charged at a constant voltage of 14.8V. 3 shows a graph with the charging voltage (V) of the assembled battery 11 as the vertical axis and the time (hr) as the horizontal axis, and the middle stage of FIG. 3 shows the charging current of the assembled battery 11. A graph in which (A) is the vertical axis and time (hr) is the horizontal axis is shown, and in the lower part of FIG. 3, the cell voltage (V) of cell C is the vertical axis and time (hr) is the horizontal axis. A graph with axes is shown.

  The SOCs of the cells C1 to C4 vary, but the charging device such as the alternator 5 only charges the assembled battery 11 at a constant voltage, and performs constant voltage charging while monitoring the cell voltages of the cells C1 to C4. Since it is not executed, the variation in the SOC of each of the cells C1 to C4 is not eliminated. And in order to eliminate the dispersion | variation, the equalization circuit 25 exists. Specifically, the electric power of the four cells CN is discharged by each discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25, and the voltage values of the four cells CN are lowered, thereby making the voltages of the four cells CN substantially uniform.

  However, since the discharge by each discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25 takes a certain amount of time, for example, in FIG. 3, the cell voltage of the cell C1 is the maximum charging voltage value (for example, 4.0 V) determined by the specification or the like. ) Is exceeded and constant voltage charging is performed. This occurs because the SOC of the cell C1 before starting constant voltage charging is in the change region.

  Since the SOCs of the cells C2 to C4 before the start of the constant voltage charge are in the plateau region, the OCV hardly changes even if the SOC increases after the start of the constant voltage charge. However, since the SOC of the cell C1 before the start of the constant voltage charge is in the change region, the OCV rapidly increases when the constant voltage charge is started and the overcharge state is reached even slightly. As a result, constant voltage charging is performed in a state where the cell voltage of the cell C1 exceeds the maximum charging voltage value, which may lead to deterioration of the cell C1.

(Secondary battery protection treatment)
Therefore, the control unit 22 always executes the secondary battery protection process shown in FIG. 4 while power is supplied from the assembled battery 11.

  The secondary battery protection process is a process for suppressing the constant voltage charging from being performed on the assembled battery 11 in a state where the cell voltages of the cells C1 to C4 exceed the maximum charging voltage value. Specifically, the control unit 22 first places the first relay 12A in the closed state and the second relay 12B in the open state as an initial process (S1). Note that the process of S1 is an example of a normal process.

  Next, the control unit 22 opens the switch element 25A (S2) and opens the charging relay RC (S3). Note that the process of S2 is an example of a stop process. At this time, the voltage source SD is assumed to be fully charged.

  The control unit 22 initializes the number N of the Nth cell CN to 1 (S4), and detects the voltage value of the Nth cell CN (S5). The control unit 22 determines whether or not the voltage value of the Nth cell CN detected in S5 is greater than or equal to the balancer drive voltage threshold (for example, 3.6V) (S6), and the Nth cell CN is overcharged. It is determined whether or not the state is approaching (an example of an abnormal voltage state due to a current flowing in the same direction as the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source).

  Then, when the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is greater than or equal to the balancer drive voltage threshold (S6: YES), the control unit 22 determines that the Nth cell CN is approaching an overcharged state. Then, the overcharge protection process shown in FIG. 5 is executed (S7). Note that the range of values smaller than the balancer drive voltage threshold is an example of a reference range. Moreover, the process of S6 is an example of a voltage determination process, and that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is more than a balancer drive voltage threshold is an example of the same direction voltage state.

(Overcharge protection treatment)
The overcharge protection process is a process for suppressing the Nth cell CN from being overcharged. In this overcharge protection process, the control unit 22 first discharges the power of the Nth cell CN by the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25. Specifically, the control unit 22 first closes the switch element 25A connected in parallel to the Nth cell CN (S21). The process of S21 is an example of a discharge process.

  And the control part 22 judges whether the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is below a stable voltage threshold value (for example, 3.5V) (S22). By the process of S22, the control unit 22 determines whether or not the power of the Nth cell CN is discharged by the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25 and the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is lowered.

  When it is determined that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or lower than the stable voltage threshold (S22: YES), the control unit 22 opens the switch element 25A (S33), ends the overcharge protection process, Proceed to S10 of 4. This is because the control unit 22 can determine that the power of the Nth cell CN has been discharged by the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25 and the voltage value of the Nth cell CN has decreased.

  When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is larger than the stable voltage threshold value (S22: NO), the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage threshold value (eg, 3.7V). (S23), it is determined whether or not the Nth cell CN is closer to the overcharged state. When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is smaller than the overcharge voltage threshold value (S23: NO), the control unit 22 continues with the power of the Nth cell CN by only the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25. In order to continue the discharge, the process returns to S22.

  When it is determined that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage threshold (S23: YES), the control unit 22 continues the Nth cell CN discharge by the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25. In addition, the following processing is executed so that charging of the Nth cell CN is suppressed. This is because only the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25 takes time to discharge the power of the Nth cell CN, and it is difficult to quickly reduce the voltage value of the Nth cell CN.

  That is, the control unit 22 first determines whether or not the charging relay RC is in an open state (S24). When it is determined that the charging relay RC is not in the open state (S24: NO), the control unit 22 proceeds to S31. When determining that the charging relay RC is in the open state, the control unit 22 gives a close command signal to the second relay 12B to be in the closed state (S25), and gives an open command signal to the first relay 12A to make the open state. (S26). Note that the processing in S25 and S26 is an example of processing in the same direction voltage.

  As described above, the voltage source SD is connected in series to the second relay 12B. Specifically, the voltage source SD is connected in series with the assembled battery 11 so that the direction of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the assembled battery 11 is the same as the direction of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the voltage source SD. . For this reason, when the control part 22 performs the process of S25 and S26, the apparent total voltage of the assembled battery 11 will rise. As a result, the charging current from the alternator 5 (an example of current flowing in the same direction as the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source) is suppressed.

  On the other hand, since the discharge path between the assembled battery 11 and the in-vehicle device 4 or the like remains formed, the discharge from the assembled battery 11 to the in-vehicle device 4 or the like is continued. Therefore, the Nth cell CN discharge is continued, and charging of the Nth cell CN is suppressed.

  The process of S25 is a process for preventing the charging path between the in-vehicle device 4 and the assembled battery 11 from being momentarily interrupted. Below, it demonstrates concretely using FIG. In the upper part of FIG. 6, the case where the first relay 12A is in a closed state and the second relay 12B is in an open state (case 1) is described. In the middle part of FIG. The case where the second relay 12B is in the closed state in the closed state (case 2) is described. In the lower part of FIG. 6, the first relay 12A is in the open state and the second relay 12B is in the closed state. (Case 3) is described. In FIG. 6, the engine 2, the starter 3, the voltage detection circuit 21, and the current detection circuit 23 are omitted.

  In case 1, since the first relay 12A is in a closed state, a current path is formed between the assembled battery 11, the in-vehicle device 4 and the alternator 5, and the assembled battery 11 is charged via the first relay 12A. Discharge current flows.

  In Case 2, the voltage source SD connected in series to the second relay 12B is connected in series with the assembled battery 11 and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected in the same direction as the assembled battery 11. As compared with the charging path formed by the first relay 12A, the charging current does not flow much in the charging path formed by the second relay 12B. On the other hand, since the apparent total voltage of the assembled battery 11 is increased when the second relay 12B is in the closed state, a discharge current flows from the assembled battery 11 through the discharge path formed by the second relay 12B.

  In case 3, since there is only a current path formed by the second relay 12B, charging current is suppressed in the assembled battery 11 compared to the current path formed by the first relay 12A, but the assembled battery 11 The discharge current from the same flows.

  If the state transitions from case 1 to case 3 without going through case 2, the discharge path between in-vehicle device 4 and the assembled battery 11 may be momentarily interrupted. For example, when the control unit 22 gives an open command signal to the first relay 12A and simultaneously gives a close signal to the second relay 12B, there is a moment when both the first relay 12A and the second relay 12B are in an open state. To do. For this reason, the power supply from the assembled battery 11 to the in-vehicle device 4 is interrupted, for example, problems such as audio skipping or flickering of headlights may occur, and the vehicle control system such as the engine or brake is unstable. There is a risk of becoming.

  For this reason, when the control unit 22 changes the state from case 1 to case 3, the discharge path between the in-vehicle device 4 and the like and the assembled battery 11 is momentarily interrupted by changing the state via case 2. Is prevented.

  After executing the process of S26, the control unit 22 determines whether or not the voltage source SD has been completely discharged. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the voltage value of the voltage source SD is equal to or less than the discharge limit threshold (S27).

  When it is determined that the voltage value of the voltage source SD is larger than the discharge limit threshold (S27: NO), the control unit 22 stands by, and when it is determined that the voltage value of the voltage source SD is equal to or less than the discharge limit threshold (S27: YES), it is determined that the voltage source SD has been completely discharged, and the assembled battery 11 is returned to a state in which both charging and discharging are possible. Specifically, the control unit 22 gives a close command signal to the first relay 12A to be in a closed state (S28), and gives an open command signal to the second relay 12B to be in an open state (S29).

  In addition, the control unit 22 first executes the process of S29 after the process of S28, as described above, to prevent the discharge path between the in-vehicle device 4 and the like and the assembled battery 11 from being momentarily interrupted. . Note that the processing of S28 and S29 is an example of normal processing.

  Then, the control unit 22 starts charging the completely discharged voltage source SD. Specifically, the control unit 22 places the charging relay RC in a closed state (S30). As shown in FIG. 7, the voltage source SD is supplied with a charging current from the alternator 5 via the charging relay RC. Thereby, the voltage source SD is charged. Even when the alternator 5 is not driven because the vehicle is stopped or the like, the voltage source SD is supplied from the assembled battery 11 in a closed circuit formed by the closed charging relay RC. Charging is performed by supplying a charging current to the source SD. In addition, the process of S30 is an example of a charge start process.

  Next, the control unit 22 determines whether or not the voltage source SD is fully charged. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the voltage source SD is equal to or lower than the charge limit threshold (S31). When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the voltage source SD is equal to or lower than the charge limit threshold (S31: YES), the control unit 22 stands by and determines that the voltage value of the voltage source SD is greater than the charge limit threshold (S31: NO), it is determined that the voltage source SD is fully charged, and charging of the charging relay RC is terminated. Specifically, the control unit 22 gives an open command signal to the charging relay RC to place the charging relay RC in an open state (S32). Note that the process of S32 is an example of a charge end process.

  Then, the control unit 22 opens the switch element 25A connected in parallel to the Nth cell CN (S33), ends the overcharge protection process, and proceeds to S10 of FIG.

  That is, when the control unit 22 determines that the voltage of the power storage element is in the first range, the control unit 22 performs a discharge process by the discharge unit, and determines that the voltage of the power storage element is in the second range wider than the first range. If so, reverse voltage processing is executed.

  As described above, in the overcharge protection process, the control unit 22 causes the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25 to discharge the power of the Nth cell CN, and simultaneously sets the first relay 12A to the open state. By setting the relay 12B in the closed state, the apparent voltage between the battery plus terminal BP and the battery minus terminal BM is increased, thereby suppressing charging from the alternator 5.

  FIG. 8 shows the effect of this configuration. In the graph of FIG. 8, the vertical axis represents the cell voltage (V) of the cell CN, and the horizontal axis represents time (t). A time change of the cell voltage of the cell CN is shown by a dotted line Q and a solid line W.

  A dotted line Q is a time change of the cell voltage of the cell CN in a configuration in which the power of the Nth cell CN is only discharged by the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25, and a solid line W is a line of the equalization circuit 25. At the same time as discharging the power of the Nth cell CN by the discharge circuit HD, the first relay 12A is opened and the second relay 12B is closed, so that the battery plus terminal BP and the battery minus terminal BM It is a time change of the cell voltage of the cell CN in the case of the structure which suppresses the charge from the alternator 5 by raising the apparent voltage between.

  As is clear from FIG. 8, the solid line W is lower than the maximum charging voltage earlier than the dotted line Q (T2> T1). That is, the state of charging with the overvoltage applied to the cell CN is shorter for the solid line W. Therefore, the deterioration of the cell CN can be suppressed by the discharge circuit HD of the equalization circuit 25 as compared with the configuration in which the power of the Nth cell CN is only discharged.

  When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is smaller than the balancer drive voltage threshold (S6: NO), the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is set to the overdischarge voltage threshold (for example, 3 .25V) or less (S8), the Nth cell CN approaches an overdischarged state (an example of an abnormal voltage state due to a current flowing in the opposite direction to the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source). Judge whether or not. When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or lower than the overdischarge voltage threshold value (S8: YES), the control unit 22 executes the overdischarge protection process shown in FIG. 9 (S9).

  Note that the range of values greater than the overdischarge voltage threshold is an example of a reference range. Moreover, the process of S8 is an example of a voltage determination process, and that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is below an overdischarge voltage threshold is an example of a reverse voltage state.

(Overdischarge protection treatment)
The overdischarge protection process is a process for suppressing the Nth cell CN from being overdischarged. Specifically, in this overdischarge protection process, the control unit 22 first measures an elapsed time from the execution of the overdischarge protection process, and determines whether or not the elapsed time has reached a reference time ( S41). When it is determined that the elapsed time has not reached the reference time (S41: NO), the control unit 22 determines whether the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or lower than the overdischarge voltage threshold ( S42). Note that the range of values greater than the overdischarge voltage threshold is an example of a reference range.

  On the other hand, when the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is larger than the overdischarge voltage threshold (S42: NO), the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is less than or equal to the overdischarge voltage threshold this time. It is determined that this is due to a temporary voltage drop, the overdischarge protection process is terminated, and the process proceeds to S10 in FIG.

  On the other hand, when the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or lower than the overdischarge voltage threshold value (S42: YES), the control unit 22 returns to S41.

  When it is determined that the elapsed time has reached the reference time (S41: YES), the control unit 22 determines the discharge current from the assembled battery 11 (an example of a current that flows in the opposite direction to the current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source). In order to stop, the 1st relay 12A is made into an open state (S43), and the discharge path between the vehicle equipment 4 grade | etc., And the assembled battery 11 is interrupted | blocked.

  Thereafter, the control unit 22 determines whether or not a return instruction has been received (S44). The return instruction is, for example, from an electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as an ECU) on the vehicle side when the driver sets the ignition switch to the ignition position or the driver steps on the accelerator in a vehicle in an idling stop state. It is a signal transmitted to the battery 1.

  When it is determined that the return instruction has not been received (S44: NO), the control unit 22 waits, and when it is determined that the return instruction has been received (S44: YES), the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is It is determined whether or not the battery replacement voltage threshold value (for example, 2.8V) or higher (S45). When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is smaller than the battery replacement voltage threshold (S45: NO), the control unit 22 determines that the Nth cell CN has reached the overdischarge state, and the memory A flag indicating that the battery 1 needs to be replaced is stored in 22B (S46), the overdischarge protection process is terminated, and the process proceeds to S10 in FIG.

  When the control unit 22 determines that the Nth cell CN has reached an overdischarged state and determines that the battery 1 needs to be replaced, for example, the external device such as the ECU may be connected to the battery 1. It is preferable to execute error processing such as outputting a notification signal indicating that replacement is necessary.

  When the control unit 22 determines that the voltage value of the Nth cell CN is equal to or higher than the battery replacement voltage threshold (S45: YES), the control unit 22 determines that the Nth cell CN has not reached the overdischarge state, The assembled battery 11 is returned to a chargeable / dischargeable state. Specifically, the control unit 22 closes the first relay 12A (S47), ends the overdischarge protection process, and proceeds to S10 in FIG. The overdischarge protection process described above is an example of a reverse voltage process, and the process of S47 is an example of a normal process.

  The control unit 22 determines whether or not the number N of the Nth cell CN has reached the total number (= 4) (S10). If the control unit 22 determines that the number N of the Nth cell CN has reached the total number (S10: YES), the control unit 22 returns to S4 and executes the processes from the first cell C1 to S2 and subsequent steps again. On the other hand, when the control unit 22 determines that the number N of the Nth cell CN has not reached the total number (S10: NO), the control unit 22 adds 1 to the number N of the Nth cell CN (S11), and proceeds to S5. Returning, the processing after S5 is executed.

(Effect of this embodiment)
According to the present embodiment, the first relay 12A and the second relay 12B connected in parallel to the first relay 12A and the pair of common connection points K1 and K2 of the first relay 12A and the second relay 12B are connected to each other. 2 includes a voltage source SD connected in series to the relay 12B, and the control unit 22 performs an overcharge protection process and an overdischarge protection process. Specifically, when executing the overdischarge protection process, the control unit 22 gives an open command signal to the first relay 12A and the second relay 12B to make it open. Thereby, the assembled battery 11 can be protected from an overdischarged state. Further, when executing the overcharge protection process, the control unit 22 gives a close command signal to the second relay 12B to be in a closed state, and thereafter gives an open command signal to the first relay 12A to be in an open state. Accordingly, it is possible to maintain the discharge path of the discharge current from the assembled battery 11 while protecting the assembled battery 11 from an overcharged state regardless of whether or not an electric device such as a load or a charging device has a current adjustment function. it can. Further, by using the voltage source SD, heat generation can be suppressed as compared with a configuration using a rectifying element such as a diode or a passive element such as a resistor. As the voltage source SD, a battery for other purposes (for example, a battery for PC) can be used as a voltage source (voltage source SD in this circuit), and a battery that is no longer needed is used as the voltage source SD. be able to.

<Other embodiments>
The technology disclosed in the present specification is not limited to the embodiments described with reference to the above description and drawings, and includes, for example, the following various aspects.

  In the above embodiment, the control unit 34 has one CPU and a memory. However, the control unit is not limited to this, and may include a configuration including a plurality of CPUs, a configuration including a hardware circuit such as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or a configuration including both the hardware circuit and the CPU. For example, a configuration in which part or all of the secondary battery protection process is executed by a separate CPU or hardware circuit may be used. Further, the order of these processes may be changed as appropriate.

  In the above embodiment, the first relay 12A and the second relay 12B having contacts are given as examples of switches. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the switch may be a semiconductor element such as a bipolar transistor or a MOSFET, and is normally closed and is normally closed only when an open command signal is given. It may be a type. The same applies to the switch element 25A included in the discharge circuit HD (an example of a discharge unit).

  In the said embodiment, the assembled battery 11 in which the several cell was connected in series was mentioned as an example as an electrical storage element. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the power storage element may be a single cell made up of one cell or a plurality of cells connected in parallel. In the case where the power storage element includes a plurality of cells, the number of cells may be two, three, five, or more, and the number of cells can be changed as appropriate. Further, the power storage element is not limited to the positive electrode active material being an iron phosphate-based material, and may contain an iron component. Further, the power storage element is not necessarily limited to one having a negative electrode formed of a graphite-based material. The storage element may be another secondary battery such as a lead battery or a manganese-based lithium ion battery. Furthermore, the storage element is not limited to a secondary battery, and may be a capacitor or an electric double layer capacitor.

  In the said embodiment, the electrical storage element gave the example whose positive electrode active material is an iron phosphate type material. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a small amount of a specific lithium compound having a higher OCV in the plateau region than the OCV in the case where the iron phosphate material is used may be mixed with the iron phosphate material as the positive electrode active material. The specific lithium compound is preferably LiCoO2, nickel-based LiNiO2, manganese-based LiMn2O4, or Li-Co-Ni-Mn-based oxide, and the ratio of the specific lithium compound to the iron phosphate-based material is 5 mass percent or less is preferable. Thereby, since the OCV change rate in the region where the SOC of the power storage element is close to 100% can be reduced, it is possible to suppress an overvoltage from being applied to the power storage element.

  In the above embodiment, the configuration in which the two first relays 12A and the second relay 12B are connected in parallel to each other has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration using a three-point switching relay KR shown in FIG. When using the three-point switching relay KR, the control unit 22 gives a switching command signal to the three-point switching relay KR, and the contact ST1 of the three-point switching relay KR connected to the circuit to which the voltage source SD is connected, the voltage source SD. The contact ST2 of the three-point switching relay KR connected to the circuit not connected to the circuit, the contact ST3 not connected to any circuit, one of the contacts ST1 to ST3, and the battery pack 11 connected The contact point TP of the three-point switching relay KR is connected. The three-point switching relay KR is an example of a plurality of switches because it includes a plurality of contacts ST1 to ST3.

  In the said embodiment, the example which is a secondary battery was given as voltage source SD. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the voltage source SD may be a primary battery or a passive element such as a capacitor or a Zener diode. Further, the voltage source SD may have the same or different capacity from the cells C1 to C4. In short, it is only necessary that the charging current from the alternator 5 can be reduced as much as possible.

  In the above-described embodiment, the voltage source SD is connected in series to the second relay 12B such that the second relay 12B is on the negative electrode side and the common connection point K2 is on the positive electrode side. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the second relay 12B may be connected in series with the second relay 12B such that the second relay 12B is on the positive electrode side and the common connection point K2 is on the negative electrode side.

  In the above embodiment, the configuration in which the voltage detection circuit 21 individually detects the voltages of the cells C1 to C4 and transmits the detection result to the control unit 22 has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the host ECU may detect the voltages of the cells C1 to C4 individually and the BMS 13 may receive a signal from the ECU.

  In the above embodiment, the alternator 5 is not provided with a control circuit for charge control. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the alternator 5 may be provided with a control circuit for charge control. Further, the charging device is not limited to the charging device provided inside such as the alternator 5 but may be an external charging device such as a charging stand or a battery charger.

  In the said embodiment, the circuit switching part 12 was the structure provided between the assembled battery 11 and the vehicle equipment 4 grade | etc., And between the assembled battery 11 and the alternator 5. FIG. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the circuit switching unit 12 may be provided between the battery plus terminal BP and the alternator 5, or may be provided between the battery plus terminal BP and the in-vehicle device 4 or the like. May be.

  In the above embodiment, the voltage detection circuit 21 individually detects the voltages of the cells C <b> 1 to C <b> 4, and transmits the detection result to the control unit 22. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the voltage detection circuit 21 may be configured to detect the voltage of the entire assembled battery 11. When the voltage of the entire assembled battery 11 is detected, the processes of S4, S10, and S11 in FIG. 4 are not necessary, and the balancer driving voltage threshold, the overdischarge voltage threshold in FIG. 4, the stable voltage threshold in FIG. The voltage threshold value and the battery replacement voltage threshold value in FIG. 9 are changed from the threshold values of the cells C1 to C4 to the threshold values of the assembled battery 11 as a whole (for example, each threshold value is quadrupled or the plateau voltage is tripled). The overcharge threshold value of any of the cells C1 to C4 is added to the cell). In addition, as an example of calculation for adding the overcharge threshold value of any of the cells C1 to C4 to the plateau voltage multiplied by 3, plateau voltage (3.3V) × 3 + overcharge threshold value (4.0V) × 1 = It is about 14.0V (threshold of the assembled battery 11). Further, only the cell C having the highest voltage may be connected to the discharge circuit HD.

  In the above embodiment, the balancer driving voltage threshold and the overdischarge voltage threshold are given as examples of the reference range. And since the balancer drive voltage threshold value is smaller than the lower limit value at which the cells C1 to C4 are overcharged, the cells C1 to C4 are prevented from being overcharged. Moreover, since the overdischarge voltage threshold value is larger than the upper limit value at which each of the cells C1 to C4 is in an overdischarge state, the overdischarge voltage threshold value is configured to suppress the cells C1 to C4 from being in an overdischarge state. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the balancer driving voltage threshold value may be substantially equal to the lower limit value at which each of the cells C1 to C4 is overcharged. The overdischarge voltage threshold value is the upper limit at which each of the cells C1 to C4 is in an overdischarged state. It may be substantially equal to the value. Even if each of the cells C1 to C4 is in an overcharge state or an overdischarge state, it is possible to suppress the state from continuing.

  In the above-described embodiment, the control unit 22 detects the cell voltage of each of the four cells CN one by one and compares it with the respective threshold value, and performs an overcharge protection process and an overdischarge protection process as an example. It was. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the control unit 22 first detects all the cell voltages of the four cells CN, and compares them with the respective threshold values in order from the largest one among the cell voltages, and performs overcharge protection processing. The structure which performs may be sufficient.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the overcharge protection process is executed, the control unit 22 ends the process once for each of the four cells CN, and compares the voltage value and the threshold value for the next cell CN. Was given as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration in which the overcharge protection process is repeatedly executed for the cell CN may be used as long as the voltage value of the cell CN is equal to or higher than the overcharge voltage threshold value. Specifically, the control unit 22 may be configured to execute the process of S23 of FIG. 5 after S32, and return to S25 if the determination is affirmative and repeat the processes after S25.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the control unit 22 determines that the voltage of the power storage element is in the first range, the control unit 22 performs a discharge process by the discharge unit, and the voltage of the power storage element is in a second range wider than the first range. In the case where it is determined that there is, an example is given in which reverse voltage processing is executed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and when the control unit 22 determines that the voltage of the power storage element is in the second range, the control unit 22 performs reverse voltage processing, and then determines that the voltage of the power storage element is in the first range. In this case, a discharge process by the discharge unit may be performed.

1: Battery 2: Engine 3: Starter 4: In-vehicle device 5: Alternator 11: Battery pack 12: Circuit switching unit 13: BMS 21: Voltage detection circuit 22: Control unit SD: Voltage source RC: Charging relay

Claims (12)

A first switch that is provided between the electrical device and the storage element and switches between an open state and a closed state;
A second switch that is connected in parallel to the first switch between the electrical device and the storage element and switches between an open state and a closed state;
A voltage source connected in series to the second switch between a pair of connection points of the first switch and the second switch;
A control unit,
The controller is
A voltage determination process for determining whether the power storage element is in a same-direction voltage state in which the voltage of the power storage element is out of a reference range due to a current flowing in the same direction as a current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source;
When it is determined in the voltage determination process that the power storage element is not in the same-direction voltage state, at least a normal process for closing the first switch;
A configuration in which, when it is determined in the voltage determination process that the power storage element is in the same direction voltage state, the first switch is opened and the second switch is closed; A power storage device protection device. The storage element protection device according to claim 1,
The electrical device includes a charging device and a load,
The first switch, the second switch, and the voltage source are connected to a common current path between the charging device and the storage element and between the load and the storage element. Storage element protection device. The storage element protection device according to claim 2,
The controller is
In the processing in the same direction voltage, when it is determined that the power storage element is in the same direction voltage state, the second switch is first set to the closed state, and then the first switch is set to the open state. , Storage element protection device. It is an electrical storage element protection apparatus as described in any one of Claim 1 to 3, Comprising:
A storage element protection device comprising a charging circuit for charging the voltage source. The storage element protection device according to claim 4,
The charging circuit is
A connection switch that is connected in parallel to both the power storage element and the second switch and that is connected in series with the voltage source and switches between an open state and a closed state. The voltage source is the electrical device or the power storage element. The storage element protection device charged by The storage element protection device according to claim 5,
The controller is
Charging determination processing for determining whether charging of the voltage source is necessary;
When it is determined in the charging determination process that the voltage source needs to be charged, a charging start process for setting the connection switch in the closed state;
A storage element protection device, comprising: a charge termination process that sets the connection switch to the open state when it is determined in the charge determination process that charging of the voltage source is not necessary. It is an electrical storage element protection apparatus of Claim 2 or 3,
The controller is
In the voltage determination process, it is further determined whether the power storage element is in a reverse voltage state in which the voltage of the power storage element is out of the reference range by a reverse direction to a current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source. And
A storage element protection device configured to execute a reverse voltage time process to open the first switch and the second switch when the storage element is determined to be in the reverse voltage state in the voltage determination process. apparatus. The storage element protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
When the voltage source is connected in series to the power storage element, the voltage source is connected in a direction in which the total voltage with the power storage element increases,
Furthermore, a discharge unit that is connected in parallel to the power storage element and that switches between a discharge state for discharging the power storage element and a stop state for stopping the discharge,
The controller is
When it is determined in the voltage determination process that the power storage element is not in the same-direction voltage state, a stop process for setting the discharge unit in the stop state;
A storage element protection device having a configuration in which, when it is determined in the voltage determination process that the power storage element is in the same-direction voltage state, a discharge process is performed in which the discharge unit is in the discharge state. The storage element protection device according to claim 1,
The said control part is an electrical storage element protection apparatus which makes the said 2nd switch into an open state further in the said normal time process. The storage element protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The power storage element is
A lithium compound containing an iron component;
A specific lithium compound in which the open-circuit voltage indicated by a flat region having a small change rate of the open-circuit voltage per unit charge state is higher than that when a lithium compound containing the iron component is used as a positive electrode active material;
An electrical storage element protection device using a positive electrode active material having a positive electrode material. A storage element;
A power storage device comprising the power storage element protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. A first switch that is provided between the electrical device and the storage element and switches between an open state and a closed state;
A second switch that is connected in parallel to the first switch between the electrical device and the storage element and switches between an open state and a closed state;
A voltage source connected in series to the second switch between a pair of connection points of the first switch and the second switch;
A battery element protection method in a battery protection device comprising:
A voltage determination process for determining whether the power storage element is in a same-direction voltage state in which the voltage of the power storage element is out of a reference range due to a current flowing in the same direction as a current flowing into the high potential side of the voltage source;
When it is determined in the voltage determination process that the power storage element is not in the same-direction voltage state, at least a normal process for closing the first switch;
And a voltage direction process that sets the first switch to an open state and sets the second switch to a closed state when it is determined in the voltage determination process that the power storage element is in the same direction voltage state. Element protection method.

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