JP6023459B2 - Solid fuel heating system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a solid fuel heating device that performs heating by burning solid solid fuel.

  In agricultural houses and homes that require nursing care, such as elderly people, it does not require a high calorific value immediately after igniting, but it maintains a constant temperature for a long time without any hassle, and is an inexpensive and safe heating device. Is required.

  Solid fuel such as wood pellets and firewood can be used as a relatively inexpensive fuel for heating devices because thinned wood or waste wood can be used as a raw material (see abstract on page 1 of Patent Document 1). .

  However, when such a fuel is used, a mechanism for supplying the fuel and a combustion section such as a rooster are required, and the entire heating device becomes large and presses the heating space. Further, there is a demand for a mechanism for continuously and reliably supplying fuel to the combustion unit, and a mechanism for appropriately dividing the mechanism and the combustion unit so as not to ignite (backfire) the fuel storage unit. Furthermore, in order to keep the temperature constant, a complicated mechanism is required for adjusting the air in the combustion section and the supply amount of the solid fuel.

Utility Model Registration No. 3173401

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a solid fuel heating device capable of burning a solid fuel at a required heat generation temperature for a long time without using a complicated mechanism. With the goal.

According to one aspect of the solid fuel heating device according to the present invention, the solid fuel heating device performs heating by burning bulk solid fuel, and is formed into a bottomed cylindrical body for fresh combustion. An air supply port provided at an upper portion of the side surface for supplying air and an upper surface continuous with an exhaust port for discharging combustion gas to the outside so that the solid fuel is burned in a closed space in the the said solid fuel with the upper surface is covered by a ceiling section with the outlet closed so as to form a combustion chamber that will be accommodated stacked in the vertical direction, the main body except the upper surface of the combustion chamber A pot-shaped configuration having a bottom surface and a side surface, the combustion chamber main body provided with a heat insulating material so as to cover the bottom surface and the side surface of the combustion chamber, and the top surface being opened so as to accommodate the solid fuel. Installed with highly breathable parts. It was a basket-like container, and the fuel storage basket accommodated in the combustion chamber body portion, a bottom surface and an inner surface and said fuel storage basket of the side surface of the combustion chamber body portion so that air for the combustion flows An oxidation catalyst body provided for purifying the combustion gas passing through the space on the combustion chamber side provided between the bottom surface and the outer surface of the side surface and the exhaust passage portion provided continuously to the exhaust port comprising the door, an outer wall covering portion provided so as to accommodate the combustion chamber combustion chamber main body I a closed bottom surface and side covering of the body portion, the outer surface of the bottom and side surfaces of the combustion chamber body portion said air introduction provided in the bottom portion of the outer wall cover portion so as to be introduced and provided we combustion chamber outer voids, the outside air into the combustion chamber outer gap between the inner surface of the bottom and side surfaces of the outer wall cover portion and the opening, and the combustion chamber-side void the combustion The air which has an outer gap through the made to communicate with the combustion chamber outer voids at the top; and a said air supply port for supplying to the combustion chamber.

  Further, according to one aspect of the solid fuel heating device according to the present invention, an opening / closing regulator for adjusting an exhaust amount is provided in the exhaust opening of the exhaust passage so that the combustion of the solid fuel can be adjusted. It can be characterized by being.

  According to the solid fuel heating device according to the present invention, there is a particularly advantageous effect that the solid fuel can be burned at a required heating temperature for a long time without using a complicated mechanism.

It is sectional drawing which shows the form example of the solid fuel heating apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other form example of the solid fuel heating apparatus which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, the example of the form of the solid fuel heating device concerning the present invention is explained in detail based on an accompanying drawing (Drawing 1).
As shown in FIG. 1, the solid fuel heating device includes an air supply port 10 for supplying fresh pressurized air for combustion, and an exhaust port 20 for discharging combustion gas to the outside. The cylinder-shaped combustion chamber 40 in which the solid fuel 30 is stacked and stored in the vertical direction so as to be combusted in the closed space, and the compressed air for combustion communicating with the air supply port 10 Is provided in order to purify the passing combustion gas in a pressurized air supply device 50 capable of adjusting the supply of pressurized air and an exhaust passage portion 21 provided continuously to the exhaust port. The oxidation catalyst body 25 is provided.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the air supply port 10 is provided in the upper part of the combustion chamber 40. Further, the ignition part 42 of the solid fuel 30 is an upper part of the cylindrical combustion chamber 40, and the exhaust port 20 is provided in the ceiling part 41 of the combustion chamber 40. The air supply port 10 of the present embodiment is configured so that pressurized air can be supplied to the upper portion of the solid fuel 30 from the initial stage when the solid fuel 30 is ignited, so that the upper end of the body (combustion chamber body 40A) of the combustion chamber 40 Provided in the department. Further, the opening of the air supply port 10 of this embodiment (and the inner diameter of the pressurized air supply pipe) can be, for example, 10 mm. When using this air supply port 10 and burning the charcoal (solid fuel 30) having a volume of the combustion chamber 40 of 80 liters and having been made porous to 24 kg, 120 to 200 liters of fresh air per hour is used. By supplying, the solid fuel 30 was suitably spread and maintained at a constant heat generation temperature (for example, the temperature of the combustion gas was 270 to 360 ° C.).

  A plurality of air supply ports 10 can be provided. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, an air supply port 10 </ b> A may be provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 40. By using a plurality of air supply ports 10 and 10A, if more fresh air is supplied, the amount of generated heat can be increased, and the temperature of the combustion gas can be increased. For example, when coke is used as fuel, more fresh air is required, and a high calorific value and a high temperature (for example, 700 ° C.) can be obtained. By adjusting the amount of fresh air supplied in this way, the calorific value and the temperature of the combustion gas can be adjusted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust port 20 is provided in a lid portion 41 a that covers the upper surface of the combustion chamber 40 so as to constitute a ceiling portion 41 of the combustion chamber 40. An oxidation catalyst body 25 is provided in the exhaust passage portion 21 provided continuously to the exhaust port 20 in order to purify the passing combustion gas. The exhaust passage portion 21 of the present embodiment is provided in a form extended in the horizontal direction so as to discharge combustion gas to the side. As the oxidation catalyst body 25, for example, an existing honeycomb structure can be used. In addition to oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, the oxidation catalyst body 25 oxidizes a gas containing various odorous components to detoxify and debromide, and purifies the combustion gas generated by combustion. The oxidation catalyst body 25 can be fixed in an exchangeable manner by an existing holding structure.

The combustion chamber 40 is formed in a cylindrical shape such as a bottomed cylindrical shape or a square cylindrical shape in order to store the solid fuel 30, and the upper surface is provided to be opened and closed by a lid portion 41 a. The combustion chamber 40 is made of a heat-resistant material, and forms a closed space in which fresh air is taken in only by the air supply port 10. The combustion chamber 40 is filled almost completely with the solid fuel 30 in the ignition stage.
The combustion chamber 40 is formed with a combustion chamber main body 40A provided with a heat insulating material so as to cover the bottom and side surfaces of the combustion chamber 40. Thus, by providing a heat insulating material, the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 40 can be maintained suitably, and the continuous combustion of the solid fuel 30 by a predetermined temperature range is realizable.

  The solid fuel 30 is in the form of a lump such as charcoal or coke that has been made porous. Since it is a lump like this, when the combustion chamber 40 is filled, a space is suitably formed between the solid fuels 30 so that combustion air can suitably pass therethrough. In particular, the forms of charcoal and coke are usually uneven, and voids for combustion are suitably formed. Thereby, the solid fuel 30 is suitably spread and continuous combustion for a long time is possible. In addition, when charcoal or coke that has been made porous is used as the solid fuel 30, it can be suitably burned in a state in which almost no smoke is generated and the fire is difficult to extinguish. The treatment for making the pores can be performed by, for example, steaming as in the case of producing activated carbon.

The solid fuel 30 can be stored in the combustion chamber 40 via a fuel storage basket 45 that is a cage-like container having an open upper surface and a highly breathable member. As the highly air permeable member, a member having a uniformly high air permeability such as a net shape or a perforated plate shape can be used. In addition, according to the quantity of the solid fuel 30 with which the combustion chamber 40 is filled, a plurality of fuel storage baskets 45 (two stages in this embodiment) can be used.
Further, the combustion chamber side gap 46 is provided between the inner surface of the combustion chamber main body 40A and the outer surface of the fuel storage basket 45 so that the combustion air flows. For this reason, the fresh air for combustion can be suitably turned over the entire inside of the combustion chamber 40, and the solid fuel 30 can be stably burned. In addition, the combustion chamber inner side space | gap 46 can be about 10-15 mm, for example.

The pressurized air supply device 50 includes a temperature sensor 51, a blower fan 52, a control unit 53, an air intake 54, and an air supply pipe 55 that forms a pipe-like pipe line.
The temperature sensor 51 is provided so as to obtain a detection signal output for controlling the supply of pressurized air by detecting the temperature in the combustion chamber 40 (the temperature of the combustion gas). For example, it can be configured by a thermocouple or the like.

The blower fan 52 of the present embodiment is controlled to be turned ON / OFF with respect to the rotation of the motor for the blower fan 52 by the control of the control unit 53 corresponding to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 51. That is, the blower fan 52 is controlled to stop when the temperature in the combustion chamber 40 becomes higher than the set temperature, and to operate when the temperature becomes lower than the set temperature. When the blower fan 52 is activated, fresh fresh air is taken in from the air intake 54. This air becomes pressurized air and is supplied to the combustion chamber 40 from the air supply port 10 through the air supply pipe 55. Thereby, the combustion of the solid combustion 30 is promoted. When the blower fan 52 stops, the supply of pressurized air is stopped and combustion is suppressed. In addition, by not supplying fresh air, the solid combustion 30 such as charcoal does not disappear immediately, although the combustion is weakened.
The blower fan 52 </ b> A constitutes a pressurized air supply device for supplying fresh air (outside air) from the air supply port 10 </ b> A into the combustion chamber 40.

In order to maintain the set temperature based on the detection of the temperature sensor 51, a valve is provided in the air supply pipe 55 to control / adjust the opening / closing of the valve, or the rotation of the motor of the blower fan 52 is controlled by an inverter. -By adjusting, the method of adjusting the supply amount of the pressurized air can also be used. Further, in order to stably maintain the set temperature, a known control method such as fuzzy control can be selectively used as appropriate in addition to simple feedback control.
Further, as a safety device, it is preferable to provide a switch cutting means for stopping the blower fans 52 and 52A when it falls down due to an earthquake.

  Further, it is possible to provide a solid fuel exchange notification mechanism for notifying the replacement timing of the solid fuel 39 by detecting the weight of the apparatus including the combustion chamber 40 containing the solid fuel 30. For example, the leg portion 60 is formed in the lower portion of the combustion chamber 40, and the leg portion 60 is provided with a pressure sensor 61 that detects the pressure based on the weight of the combustion chamber 40, so ). As the notification mechanism 65 that notifies the detection information to the outside, a detection data display unit that is activated by detection of the pressure sensor 61, such as issuing an alarm when the solid fuel 30 burns and its remaining amount falls to a certain amount, an alarm A lamp display unit, an alarm sound generation unit, and the like can be provided. That is, since only a small amount of ash remains when the solid fuel 30 burns, the weight of the combustion chamber 40 decreases. By measuring the weight by the pressure sensor 61, the consumption state of the solid fuel 30 and the refill timing Can be judged. As a configuration in which the combustion chamber 40 is supported by a bag containing a liquid such as water, a water pressure sensor can be used as the pressure sensor 61. Furthermore, you may use as the pressure sensor 61 using a weight scale.

  Further, a combustion air recirculation mechanism (not shown) for purifying the combustion gas by supplying part of the combustion gas that has passed through the oxidation catalyst body 25 to the combustion chamber 40 may be provided. As the recirculation mechanism, a recirculation pipe line connected so as to guide a part of the combustion gas from the exhaust passage portion 21 to the combustion chamber 40 and a recirculation blower fan can be used as components. In addition, an adjustment mechanism and a control mechanism that can control the gas concentration sensor and the air flow rate can be provided. As a result, part of the combustion gas that has passed through the oxidation catalyst body 25 can be recirculated and taken into the combustion chamber 40 as pressurized air, and can be passed again through the oxidation catalyst body 25 to discharge the purified combustion gas.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, by providing a ventilation resistance layer 35 filled with ceramic balls on the upper portion of the combustion chamber 40, combustion with a better balance can be performed. The ventilation resistance layer 35 can prevent the supplied fresh air for combustion from being exhausted in a short circuit. Moreover, since moderate ventilation resistance is provided, stable high-temperature exhaust can be sent to the oxidation catalyst body 25. For this reason, it becomes possible to enhance the catalytic effect, and the combustion gas can be more appropriately cleaned.

  According to this embodiment, when charcoal or coke that has been made porous as the solid fuel 30 is used, the ratio of carbon as fuel is high, so the combustion gas released from the exhaust port 20 to the outside is carbon dioxide. Will be included. Since carbon dioxide is heavier than air, it stays in the lower part of the room and has the effect of warming the feet. According to this, the heating effect can be enhanced. Further, according to the solid fuel 30 that has been subjected to the porous treatment, the surface area is increased, so that it is easy to react with oxygen in the air, and there is an advantage that it is uniformly oxidized and becomes stable combustion.

  A heat exchanger that uses the heat of the combustion chamber 40 can be formed on the outer surface of the combustion chamber 40 such as an upper surface portion or a side surface portion, and a heated fluid (liquid or gas) can be circulated by piping. According to this, the amount of heat can be effectively supplied by heating the room more efficiently or by using a heat source.

Next, the usage method of this solid fuel heating apparatus is demonstrated.
First, the lid 41a of the combustion chamber 40 is opened, and the fuel storage basket 45 containing charcoal is stored therein. Thereafter, the ignition unit 42 ignites the charcoal. Liquid fuel such as kerosene may be used for ignition. When the charcoal is ignited, the pressurized air supply device 50 is operated, and fresh pressurized air is supplied to the closed combustion chamber 40 so that the charcoal burns continuously. Thereby, heating is performed continuously. Combustion progresses gradually toward the lower part from the upper part of the charged charcoal, where pressurized air is supplied. Combustion gas (exhaust gas) generated by this combustion is purified by the oxidation catalyst body 25 before being discharged from the exhaust port 20 to the outside. A part of the combustion gas may be recirculated from the exhaust passage portion 21 to the combustion chamber 40 by a recirculation mechanism to further purify the exhaust gas.

  When the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the combustion gas has risen above a predetermined temperature, the blower fan 52 is turned off and the supply of pressurized air into the combustion chamber 40 is stopped. . As a result, the supply of fresh air is cut off, and the combustion of charcoal is suppressed. When the temperature sensor 51 detects that the temperature of the combustion gas has decreased below a predetermined temperature, the blower fan 52 is turned on again to supply the pressurized air. By repeating this, the charcoal continues to burn gradually toward the bottom of the combustion chamber 40. When the charcoal is almost burned and the remaining amount falls below a certain level, the notification mechanism 85 notifies the user. As a result, it is possible to appropriately know when to replace and fill with new charcoal. In the case of charcoal that has been made porous, the state of burning is maintained by maintaining the temperature at 270 ° C. or higher.

  For example, in an experiment in which 24 kg of charcoal was placed in the combustion chamber 40 and burned, combustion could be continued while maintaining the temperature of the combustion gas at 350 ° C. for approximately one month. By maintaining the temperature of the combustion gas in this manner, the combustion gas is suitably oxidized by the oxidation catalyst body 25, and the combustion gas (exhaust gas) can be made harmless and non-brominated. In addition, the effect of heating by this is extremely effective as a heat source serving as a base for heating, and there is an advantage that it does not take time and effort to supply fuel over a long period of time. In order to maintain the temperature higher, the setting of the temperature sensor 51 may be changed to increase the supply amount of fresh air.

Next, another embodiment of the solid fuel heating device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawing (FIG. 2). This solid fuel heating device is basically different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that a pressurized air supply device for forcibly supplying fresh air for combustion is not a constituent element.
The solid fuel is provided with an air supply port 10 for supplying fresh combustion air and an exhaust port 20 for discharging combustion gas to the outside so that the solid fuel 30 is burned in a closed space. A cylindrical combustion chamber 40 in which 30 is stacked and stored in a vertical direction, and a pot-like form that forms a main body excluding the upper surface of the combustion chamber 40, and covers the bottom and side surfaces of the combustion chamber 40. A combustion chamber main body 40A provided with a heat insulating material, and a cage-like container provided with a highly breathable member having an open upper surface so that the solid fuel 30 is accommodated. A fuel storage basket 45 stored in the portion 40A, and a combustion chamber side gap 46 provided between the inner surface of the combustion chamber main body 40A and the outer surface of the fuel storage basket 45 so that combustion air flows. Provided continuously at the exhaust port 20 Kilometer section 21 comprises an oxidation catalyst body 25 which is provided to clean the combustion gas passing through.

In the present embodiment, an opening / closing regulator for adjusting the exhaust amount is provided at the discharge opening 22 of the exhaust passage portion 21 so that the combustion of the solid fuel 30 can be adjusted. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the open / close adjuster can be configured by slidably providing a slit plate 23 in which an equivalent slit hole is formed with respect to the slit hole forming the discharge opening 22. By adjusting so that the slit holes penetrate each other, the exhaust amount can be increased and the heat generation amount can be increased, and by sliding the slit plate 23 so that the slit holes are more closed, the exhaust amount is decreased and the heat generation amount is reduced. Can be reduced.
Note that the exhaust passage portion 21 communicates with the discharge opening 22 through the oxidation catalyst body 25, and the combustion chamber 40 is closed. For this reason, even when the entire apparatus falls due to an earthquake or the like, the solid fuel 30 in the combustion chamber 40 does not easily leak to the outside, and is in a highly safe form.

Further, in the present embodiment, an outer wall cover portion 70 provided so as to cover the bottom surface and the side surface of the combustion chamber main body portion 40A so that the combustion chamber main body portion 40A is accommodated, and the outer surface of the combustion chamber main body portion 40A, A combustion chamber outer space 71 provided between the inner surface of the outer wall cover portion 70 and communicated with the air supply port 10 and a bottom portion of the outer wall cover portion 70 so that outside air can be introduced into the combustion chamber outer space 71. Air introduction opening 75.
According to this, as shown by the arrows, fresh air for combustion is introduced from the air introduction opening 75 and combusts from the plurality of vent holes provided as the air supply port 10 around the combustion chamber outer space 71. It is supplied into the chamber 40. Since fresh air for combustion is preheated, stable combustion of the solid fuel 30 can be promoted. Further, it is possible to prevent the surface of the apparatus from becoming high temperature and improve the safety of the apparatus.

  As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Air supply port 10A Air supply port 20 Exhaust port 21 Exhaust passage part 25 Oxidation catalyst body 30 Solid fuel 35 Ventilation resistance layer 40 Combustion chamber 40A Combustion chamber body part 41 Ceiling part 41a Lid part 42 Ignition part 45 Fuel storage basket 46 Combustion chamber Inner air gap 50 Pressured air supply device 51 Temperature sensor 52 Blower fan 53 Control part 54 Air intake port 55 Air supply pipe 60 Leg part 61 Pressure sensor 65 Notification mechanism 70 Outer wall cover part 71 Combustion chamber outer air gap 75 Air introduction opening

Claims (2)

A solid fuel heating device that performs heating by burning solid solid fuel,
Formed in the shape of a bottomed cylinder, it has an air supply port provided at the top of the side surface for supplying fresh combustion air, and an upper surface continuous with an exhaust port for discharging combustion gas to the outside such that said solid fuel is combusted in a closed space, a combustion chamber which said solid fuel Ru housed stacked in the vertical direction together with the upper surface is covered by a ceiling section comprising the air outlet,
A cup-shaped configuration with a closed bottom surface and side surfaces so as to form the body except the upper surface of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber body heat insulating material is provided so as to cover the bottom and side surfaces of the combustion chamber And
A basket-like container having an open upper surface so as to store the solid fuel and provided with a highly breathable member, and a fuel storage basket stored in the combustion chamber main body,
A combustion chamber side gap provided between the inner surface of the bottom surface and side surface of the combustion chamber main body and the outer surface of the bottom surface and side surface of the fuel storage basket so that the combustion air flows.
An oxidation catalyst body provided for purifying the passing combustion gas in an exhaust passage portion provided continuously to the exhaust port ;
The combustion chamber and the outer wall cover portion provided to house the combustion chamber body portion I covering the closed bottom surface and side surfaces of the body portion, the combustion chamber wherein the outer surface of the bottom and side surfaces of the main outer wall cover portion and provided we combustion chamber outer gap between the bottom face and the inner face of the side face of the air inlet opening is provided at the bottom of the outer wall cover portion so that it can introduce the outside air into the combustion chamber outside the gap, the combustion A solid fuel heating apparatus, comprising: an air supply port configured to connect an air gap inside the combustion chamber and an air gap outside the combustion chamber at an upper portion and supply air that has passed through the air gap outside the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber. .   2. The solid fuel heating device according to claim 1, wherein an opening / closing regulator for adjusting an exhaust amount is provided at an exhaust opening of the exhaust passage so that combustion of the solid fuel can be adjusted.

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