JP6018917B2 - 抗炎症抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
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Description
4.1.定義
便宜上、明細書、実施例、および添付の請求の範囲で使用されるある種の用語を提供する。特記しない限り、本明細書において用いる全ての技術および科学用語は、本発明が属する当業者によって通常理解されるのと同一の意味を有する。
本発明は、部分的には、N2自己ペプチドに結合し且つ炎症を抑制する抗体の同定に基づく。ある種の抗体は、American Type Culture Collectionに受託され、受託番号PTA−9392 (IgG12A6)またはPTA−9393(IgG21G6)が与えられたハイブリドーマから得ることができる。
ハイブリドーマPTA−9392、IgG12A6(12A6 IgGともいう)から生産されたIgGの重鎖可変領域のヌクレオチド配列を図1Aに示し(配列番号1)、アミノ酸配列も図1Bに示す(配列番号2)。重鎖可変領域のCDR1ドメインは配列番号1(配列番号3で示す)によってエンコードされた配列番号2(配列番号4で示す)に対応し、重鎖可変領域のCDR2ドメインは配列番号1(配列番号5で示す)の領域によってエンコードされた配列番号2(配列番号6)の領域に対応する。重鎖可変領域のCDR3ドメインは、図1Aの配列番号1(配列番号25で示す)領域によってエンコードされた配列番号2(配列番号26で示す)の領域に対応する。
ハイブリドーマPTA−9393、IgG21G6(21G6 IgGともいう)から生産されたIgGの重鎖可変領域のヌクレオチド配列を図2Aに示し(配列番号13)、アミノ酸配列も図2Aに示す(配列番号14)。重鎖可変領域のCDR1ドメインは配列番号13(配列番号15で示す)によってエンコードされた配列番号14(配列番号16で示す)に対応し、重鎖可変領域のCDR2ドメインは配列番号13(配列番号17で示す)の領域によってエンコードされた配列番号14(配列番号18で示す)の領域に対応する。重鎖可変領域のCDR3ドメインは配列番号13(配列番号29で示す)の領域によってエンコードされた配列番号14(配列番号30で示す)の領域に対応する。
本明細書に記載の性質を有するその他の抗N2抗炎症抗体を生成することもできる。抗体の生成方法は当該分野では周知であり、修飾された抗N2抗炎症抗体の生成に用いてもよい。
細胞培養アッセイおよび動物実験から得られたデータは、ヒトで用いるある範囲の用量を処方するのに用いることができる。抗体の用量は、好ましくは、ほとんどまたは全く毒性がないED50を含むある範囲の循環濃度内にある。用量は、使用する投与形態および利用する投与経路に依存してこの範囲内で変化し得る。本発明の方法で用いるいずれの抗体についても、治療的有効用量は細胞培養アッセイからまず見積もることができる。用量は動物モデルで処方して、細胞培養で決定されたIC50(すなわち、兆候の半最大阻害を達成するテスト化合物の濃度)を含む循環血漿濃度範囲を達成することができる。そのような情報を用いて、ヒトにおける有用な用量をより正確に決定することができる。血漿中のレベルは、例えば、高速液体クロマトグラフィーによって測定することができる。
抗炎症抗体は、天然IgG抗体の結合によってトリガーされる多数の炎症性疾患および疾患を治療するのに用いることができる。例えば、抗炎症抗体を用いて、再灌流障害、虚血障害、発作、自己免疫溶血性貧血、特発性血小板減少症紫斑病、慢性関節リウマチ、腹腔病、高IgG免疫不全症、動脈硬化症、冠動脈病、敗血症、心筋炎、脳炎、移植拒絶、肝炎、甲状腺炎(例えば、橋本甲状腺炎、グラーベ病)、骨粗鬆症、多発性筋炎、皮膚筋炎、I型糖尿病、痛風、皮膚炎、円形脱毛症、全身エリテマトーデス、苔癬硬化症、潰瘍性大腸炎、糖尿病性網膜症、胎盤炎症性疾患、歯周疾患、動脈炎、若年性慢性関節炎(例えば、慢性虹彩毛様体炎)、乾癬、骨粗鬆症、真性糖尿病における腎臓障害、喘息、胎盤炎症性疾患、慢性炎症肝臓病、慢性炎症肺病、肺線維症、肝臓線維症、慢性関節リウマチ、慢性炎症肝臓病、慢性炎症肺病、肺線維症、肝臓線維症、クローン病、潰瘍性大腸炎、火傷障害(または熱障害)、および中枢神経系(CNS;例えば、多発性硬化症)、胃腸系、皮膚および関連構造、免疫系、肝臓−胆嚢系、または病理が炎症成分で起こり得る身体中のいずれかの部位の他の急性および慢性炎症性疾患のような炎症性疾患または障害を治療することができる。したがって、本明細書では、本明細書に記載の抗炎症抗体を患者に投与することによって患者の虚血性抗原に対する免疫応答の活性化を抑制する方法を記載する。
本実施例は、補体系が欠乏したマウスが虚血/再灌流障害に対して耐性であったことを示す。
虚血/再灌流障害の機序を調べるために、補体C3が欠乏したマウスを後足モデルで処理した。C3−/−マウスを、透過性指数のほぼ50%低下に基づいて障害から部分的に保護した(Weiser et al.(1996)J.Exp.Med.1857−1864参照)。したがって、補体C3はこのマウスモデルにおいて十分な障害の誘導に必須である。
本実施例は、免疫グロブリンが欠乏したマウスが虚血/再灌流障害に対して耐性であったことを示す。
抗体がI/R障害の媒介に関与したかを判断するために、免疫グロブリンを全く欠乏するマウス、RAG2−/−(レコンビナーゼ活性化遺伝子−2欠乏)を、腸モデルにおいて補体欠乏動物と共に特徴付けた。重要なことには、RAG−2−(−マウスは、補体欠乏動物で観察されたのと同様なレベルまで保護された(Weiserら、前記)。RAG2−/−動物は成熟リンパ球もまた失っているので、病原効果が抗体依存性であると判断するのは重要であった(Shinkaiら(1992) Cell 68,855−867)。障害が血清抗体によって媒介されたことを確認するために、欠乏マウスを正常マウス血清(Weiser et al.,前記)または精製されたIgM(Williamsら(1999)J.Appl.Physiol 86;938−42)いずれかで再構築した。双方の場合に、再構築されたRAG−2−/−マウスはもはや保護されず、障害が回復した。後者の実験において、腸障害のモデルをこのモデルで用い、障害は主として補体によって媒介されると考えられる。
循環IgMの大部分は天然抗体、すなわち、再編成された生殖系遺伝子の産物を表すと考えられるため、リンパ球のB−1画分の欠乏を担うマウスもまた保護される可能性がある。B−1細胞は、それらが低レベルのIgDおよびCD23を発現し、大部分が細胞表面タンパク質CD5を発現する点でより慣用的なB−2細胞とは区別される表現型を有する(Hardyら(1994) Immunol.Rev.:137,91;Kantorら(1993) Annu.Rev.Immunol.11,501−538,1993)。B−1細胞は、マウスにおける低下した循環、末梢リンパ節および脾臓における制限された頻度によってやはり区別され、主として、腹腔内に主として局所化される。病原性IgMの源としてのB−1細胞についての役割を調べるために、抗体欠乏マウス(RAG−2−/−)を5×105腹腔B−1細胞で復元し、処理前ほぼ30日休息させた。循環IgMレベルは養子免疫伝達後1ヶ月以内に正常な範囲近くに到達する。腸虚血モデルにおけるB−1細胞復元マウスの特徴付けにより、B−1細胞は病原性IgMの主な源であったことが確認された(Williamsら(1999)前記参照)。これは重要な観察であった。なぜならば、B−1細胞天然抗体のレパートリーは、慣用的B−2細胞について予測されるよりもかなり限定されているからである。したがって、病原性抗体は生殖系の産物を表す可能性がある。
Cr2−/−ノックアウトマウスの初期特徴付けは、B−1aまたはCD5+B−1細胞の頻度のほぼ50%低下を明らかにした(Ahearnら(1996)Immunity 4:251−262)。Cr2−欠乏マウスのもう1つの株の特徴付けは同様な低下を同定しなかったが(Molinaら(1996) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(USA 93,3357−3361)。CD5+細胞の頻度の差が株のバックグラウンドまたは環境の差の変動によるか否かは公知ではない。Cr2−/−マウスにおけるB−1a細胞の低下した頻度にかかわらず、IgMの循環レベルは正常な範囲内にあった。これらの知見は、IgMのレパートリーがCr2−欠乏動物において異なることを示唆した。この仮説を検定するために、腸I/Rモデルにおけるマウスを特徴付けた。驚くべきことに、Cr2−/−マウスは補体−抗体欠乏マウスとして同等に保護された(図3)。腸モデルにおける処理後5日間の期間にわたる生存の比較は、Cr2−欠乏動物と比較したWTの死亡率の有意な増加を示した。増加した死亡率と合致して、障害の劇的な低下が、処理したWTまたはCr2−/−欠乏マウスから収穫された組織切片で観察された。
この実施例は、正常なB−1細胞からの特異的なハイブリドーマクローンの創製、および病原性IgMを精製する1つのクローンの同定を記載する。病原性IgMは、抗体欠乏マウスに対する障害をin vivoで回復することが示された。
2つの異なるモデルがB−1細胞の発生を説明するために提唱されている。系列仮説は、B−1細胞が区別される集団として初期胎児生命で発生することを提唱する(Kantorら(1993)前記)。あるいは、B−1細胞は、慣用的B細胞として同一先祖から発生するが、それらの環境、すなわち、抗原との遭遇に応じて、それらはB−1に発生し、またはB−2細胞表現型を保有する(Wortis,H.H.(1992) Int.Rev.Immunol.8,235;Clarke,J.(1998) Exp.Med.187,1325−1334)。それらの起源にかかわらず、B−1細胞はB−2細胞と同一の頻度で成人骨髄から補充されず、およびそれらの表現型は初期胎児肝臓B細胞または新生骨髄(BM)細胞のそれとより同様であることが公知である。初期起源と合致して、それらのレパートリーはより近位のVH遺伝子の発現に偏る傾向があり、N−ヌクレオチドの付加は制限されている(Guら(1990) EMBO J9,2133;Feeney J.(1990) Exp.Med.172,1377)。成人BM幹細胞による低下した補充を仮定すれば、B−1細胞は自己−更新され、抗原刺激はそれらの更新、拡大または初期選択においてさえ重要であろうことは合理的に見える(Hayakawaら(1986) Eur.J.Immunol.16,1313)。事実、慣用的モデルに固有なことには、B−1細胞は抗原選択されなければならない。
マウスハイブリドーマのパネルを調製して非筋ミオシンII重鎖のN2領域を同定した。かくして、担体タンパク質(KLH)に結合したN2ペプチド(Ac−LMK MDPLNDNV(配列番号33))をマウスに免疫付与した。マウスおよびヒトではこの領域(N2)は高度に保存され、同一であった。2種のハイブリドーマを選択してさらに同定し、in vitroでもin vivoでもN2ペプチドを結合することを明らかにした。重要なことは、マウス心筋梗塞モデルでは、一方のハイブリドーマを100μgのFab’2断片で事前処理(Fc片を除去)すると、虚血/再灌流障害は阻害される。12A6はIgG2bアイソタイプである。そのVHはDH:DSP2/DFL16.1と対になった生殖細胞系3609.11.169配列にうおいて最も密接にマッチし、その軽鎖はJK1を有するVκ8−27である。21G6はIgG1イソタイプであり、そのVHはJ558.35;DH:DSP2.6/DSP2.4/DSP2.3およびJH:JH3とマッチする。その軽鎖はVκhf24およびJK4である。
抗N2抗体の特異性。60分間のLAD閉塞および30分間の再灌流前にB6マウスに蛍光標識した抗N2抗体(12A6)および抗CD31抗体を静注した。治療後、心を摘出、固定し共焦点顕微鏡によって分析した。リスク領域(左室)を非リスク領域(右室)と比較した。図5には個々の抗体染色の量およびリスク領域および非リスク領域における合成像を示す。抗N2抗体により処置したB6マウスにおける血清トロポニンI値の効果。1時間のLAD閉塞および24時間の再灌流前に生食水、12A6F(ab’)2(150μg)または21G6F(ab’)2(150μg)をB6マウスに静注した。再灌流24時間後、血清トロポニンI値を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
本明細書において言及した全ての刊行物、特許および特許出願は、参照により本明細書に、あたかも各個々の刊行物または特許が参照により具体的かつ個々に一体化されることを示すようにその全体が組み入れられる。コンフリクトする場合、本明細書中のいずれの定義も含む本出願が支配する。
当業者であれば、通常の実験程度を用いれば、本明細書において記載された発明の特定の実施形態に対する多くの均等物を認識し、それを確認することができるであろう。そのような均等物は特許請求の範囲に含まれることを意図する。
Claims (15)
- N2自己ペプチドに特異的に結合する単離された抗炎症抗体であって、
ATCC寄託番号PTA−9392を有するハイブリドーマによって生成される抗体またはATCC寄託番号PTA−9393を有するハイブリドーマによって生成される抗体の、重鎖可変領域のCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3ならびに軽鎖可変領域のCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3を含む、単離された抗炎症抗体。 - ATCC寄託番号PTA−9392を有するハイブリドーマによって生成される抗体の、重鎖可変領域のCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3ならびに軽鎖可変領域のCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- ATCC寄託番号PTA−9393を有するハイブリドーマによって生成される抗体の、重鎖可変領域のCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3ならびに軽鎖可変領域のCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 前記抗体がヒト、ヒト化またはキメラ抗体、あるいはそれらいずれかの抗体断片である、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 前記抗体がヒト化抗体またはその抗体断片である、請求項4に記載の単離された抗体。
- 前記抗体がFab断片、F(ab’)2断片またはscFvである、請求項1に記載の単離された抗炎症抗体。
- 前記抗体がIgGである、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- PTA−9392およびPTA−9393からなる群より選択されるATCC寄託番号を有するハイブリドーマによって生成される、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体またはそのヒト化抗体。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、薬学的組成物。
- 有効量の請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の抗体を患者に投与することを含む、炎症性疾患または障害を治療する方法において使用するための、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の抗体。
- 前記炎症性疾患または障害が虚血/再灌流障害である、請求項10に記載の抗体。
- 虚血/再灌流が、心筋梗塞、脳卒中または外科的処置の後に生じる、請求項11に記載の抗体。
- 前記患者が哺乳類である、請求項10〜12のいずれか1項に記載の抗体。
- 前記哺乳類がヒトである、請求項13に記載の抗体。
- ATCC寄託番号PTA−9392を有するハイブリドーマまたはATCC寄託番号PTA−9393を有するハイブリドーマ。
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