JP6018276B2 - Polarizing film, polarizing film with pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and image display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a polarizing film. Moreover, this invention relates to the polarizing film with an adhesive layer using the said polarizing film. The polarizing film or the polarizing film with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can form an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device (LCD) or an organic EL display device alone or as an optical film in which the polarizing film is laminated.

  In a liquid crystal display device, it is indispensable to dispose polarizing films on both sides of a glass substrate on which a liquid crystal panel surface is formed because of its image forming method. In general, a polarizing film in which a protective film is bonded to one or both sides of a polarizer made of a dichroic material such as a polyvinyl alcohol film and iodine with a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive or the like is used. .

  In addition, the polarizing film is prone to cracks in the entire absorption axis direction of the polarizer due to a change in the contraction stress of the polarizer under a severe environment of thermal shock (for example, a high temperature test at 95 ° C. for 250 hours). There is. That is, the polarizing film did not have sufficient crack resistance due to thermal shock in the harsh environment. In particular, from the viewpoint of thinning, in the case of a single protective polarizing film provided with a protective film only on one side of the polarizer, the contraction stress of the polarizer on the side provided with the protective film and the contraction of the polarizer on the side opposite to the protective film Due to the difference in stress, excessive stress is generated inside the polarizer and there is a problem that various cracks are likely to occur, from a minute crack of several hundred μm in the absorption axis direction of the polarizer to a through crack that penetrates the entire surface. .

  In order to suppress the occurrence of the crack, for example, a polarizing film with an adhesive layer in which a protective layer having a tensile modulus of 100 MPa or more is provided on a single protective polarizing film and an adhesive layer is further provided on the protective layer has been proposed. (Patent Document 1). Moreover, it has a protective layer made of a cured product of the curable resin composition on one side of a polarizer having a thickness of 25 μm or less, a protective film on the other side of the polarizer, and an adhesive layer outside the protective layer A polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has been proposed (Patent Document 2). The polarizing film with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is effective from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks. In addition, while suppressing the generation of cracks, a protective layer made of a water-soluble film-forming composition (polyvinyl alcohol-based resin composition) is provided on at least one surface of the polarizer from the viewpoint of thinning and weight reduction. It has been proposed (Patent Document 3).

JP 2010-009027 A JP 2013-160775 A JP 2005-043858 A

  According to Patent Documents 1 to 3, the protective layer can suppress the contraction of the polarizer in the absorption axis direction to some extent, and can suppress the generation of the cracks. However, it cannot be said that the protective layer sufficiently suppresses the dimensional change due to the contraction stress of the polarizer.

  Thinning is also performed for polarizers. When the polarizer used for the polarizing film is thinned, the change in the contraction stress of the polarizer becomes small. However, since the polarizer itself is thinned, the polarizer is broken even with a weaker force than before, so that the crack resistance is not sufficient even with the thin polarizer.

  Moreover, since a polarizer has the extending process of a polyvinyl-alcohol-type film, for example, even if it is a thin polarizer, the polarizer obtained in the extending process is manufactured in the state which has a residual stress inside. In addition, in a polarizing film, various protective films and the like are usually bonded to one or both sides of a polarizer. However, in the polarizing film, the residual stress of the various protective films and the residual stress of the polarizer in the thermal shock test. Are expressed in a combined form, and the behavior of the polarizing film shrinking as a whole is exhibited. Therefore, even with a thin polarizer, the dimensional change due to the contraction stress of the polarizer is sufficiently observed particularly in the vicinity of Tg of the polyvinyl alcohol resin used for forming the polarizer and in a high temperature test (for example, 85 ° C. or more) It was not able to be suppressed.

  The present invention is a polarizing film having a transparent layer on at least one side of a polarizer, which suppresses the generation of cracks in a high temperature environment of 85 ° C. or higher and suppresses the change in the dimensions of the polarizer. The purpose is to provide. Moreover, this invention aims at providing the polarizing film with an adhesive layer using the said polarizing film. Furthermore, this invention relates to the image display apparatus which has the said polarizing film or a polarizing film with an adhesive layer.

  As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above-described problems can be solved by the following polarizing film and the like, and have reached the present invention.

That is, the present invention is a polarizing film having a transparent layer on at least one side of a polarizer,
The polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol resin and has a thickness of 15 μm or less,
On the side of the transparent layer in the polarizer, it has a compatible layer with the transparent layer,
The thickness A of the polarizer and the thickness B of the compatible layer relate to a polarizing film characterized by satisfying the general formula: (100 × B / A) ≧ 1.

  In the polarizing film, the compatible layer preferably has a lower boric acid concentration than a portion of the polarizer other than the compatible layer.

The present invention is also a polarizing film having a transparent layer on at least one side of the polarizer,
The polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and has a thickness of 15 μm or less.
On the side of the transparent layer in the polarizer, it has a boric acid low-concentration layer in which the boric acid concentration is relatively lower than other parts of the polarizer,
The thickness A of the polarizer and the thickness C of the low concentration layer of boric acid relate to a polarizing film characterized by satisfying the general formula: (100 × C / A) ≧ 1.

  In the polarizing film, the transparent layer preferably has a thickness of 0.2 μm or more. The transparent layer preferably has a thickness of 6 μm or less.

  In the polarizing film, the transparent layer preferably has an orientation index of 0.05 or less.

  In the polarizing film, the transparent layer is preferably a formed material of a forming material containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin. The polyvinyl alcohol resin preferably has a saponification degree of 99 mol% or more and an average polymerization degree of 2000 or more.

In the polarizing film, the polarizer has an optical characteristic represented by a single transmittance T and a degree of polarization P of the following formula: P> − (10 ^0.929T-42.4 −1) × 100 (where T < 42.3) or
It is preferably in the range represented by P ≧ 99.9 (however, T ≧ 42.3).

  The polarizing film may have a protective film.

  Moreover, this invention relates to the polarizing film with an adhesive layer characterized by having the said polarizing film and an adhesive layer.

  Moreover, this invention relates to the image display apparatus which has the said polarizing film or the said polarizing film with an adhesive layer.

  According to the polarizing film of this invention, generation | occurrence | production of the crack in a high temperature environment of 85 degreeC or more can be suppressed by providing the said transparent layer in a polarizer. Moreover, the polarizing film of this invention has a compatible layer with the said transparent layer in the said transparent layer side in the said polarizer. The compatible layer is formed in the vicinity of the polarizer surface as a part of the material forming the transparent layer soaks into the polarizer and the component in the vicinity of the polarizer surface leaks out. Such a compatible layer can be formed by forming a transparent layer on the surface of the polarizer using a material that penetrates into the polarizer.

  For example, a typical polarizer is produced by, for example, subjecting a polyvinyl alcohol resin (film) to a stretching process, so that the resin molecules in the obtained polarizer are oriented with a certain degree of regularity. It has become. In contrast, the transparent layer formed on the surface of the polarizer is formed, for example, by coating. Therefore, the transparent layer is not subjected to a stretching step, and the molecules forming the transparent layer are not regularly oriented. As described above, the compatible layer of the present invention is formed by the transparent layer forming component soaking into the polarizer. When the transparent layer is formed, the components of the transparent layer soaked in the polarizer have a function of partially relaxing the molecular orientation in the polarizer. It is presumed that this function leads to relaxation of the residual stress of the polarizer and suppresses the dimensional change of the polarizer. Note that the present invention is not limited to this estimation mechanism.

  The polarizing film of the present invention uses a thin polarizer having a thickness of 15 μm or less. The thin polarizer has a small change in the contraction stress of the polarizer, but the polarizer itself has been thinned, so that the crack resistance is not sufficient. According to the polarizing film of the present invention, the crack resistance can be improved because it has a transparent layer despite the use of a thin polarizer.

It is an example of the schematic sectional drawing of the polarizing film of this invention. It is an example of the schematic sectional drawing of the polarizing film of this invention. It is a graph which concerns on the measurement of a compatible layer.

  Below, the polarizing films 10 and 11 of this invention are demonstrated, referring FIG. 1, FIG. The polarizing films 10 and 11 have a polarizer 1 and a transparent layer 2. Moreover, the polarizing films 10 and 11 of this invention have the compatible layer X with the said transparent layer 2 in the side of the said transparent layer 2 in the said polarizer 1, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. Yes. In FIG. 1 (A), only the polarizer 1, the compatible layer X, and the transparent layer 2 are shown, but as shown in FIG. 1 (B), on the side of the polarizer 1 in FIG. 1 (A). The resin base material 3 may be provided. As the resin base material 3, for example, a resin base material used when the thin polarizer 1 is manufactured may be mentioned.

  Moreover, in the polarizing film 11 of FIG. 2, the protective film 4 is provided in the polarizing film 10 of FIG. 1 (A). The protective film 4 can be provided on one side or both sides of the polarizing film of the polarizing film 10 in FIG. In FIG. 2A, the protective film 4 is provided only on the polarizer 1 side, but the protective film 4 may be provided only on the transparent layer 2 side. In FIG. 2B, protective films 4 are provided on both sides of the polarizing film 10 of FIG. Moreover, the protective film 4 can also be laminated | stacked and used for 2 or more sheets. FIG. 2C shows a case where two protective films 4 are laminated on one side of the polarizer 1. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the polarizer 1 or the transparent layer 2 and the protective film 4 are laminated via intervening layers such as an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, and an undercoat layer (primer layer). Although not shown, the easy-adhesion layer and the adhesive layer can be laminated by providing the protective film 4 with an easy-adhesion layer or applying an activation treatment.

  Moreover, although not shown in figure, an adhesive layer can be provided in the polarizing films 10 and 11 of this invention. Furthermore, a separator can be provided in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Moreover, a surface protective film can be provided in the polarizing films 10 and 11 (especially when it has the protective film 4) of this invention.

  In the polarizing films 10 and 11 of the present invention, the compatible layer X is a layer formed by the component forming the transparent layer 2 soaking into the inside from the surface of the polarizer 1. 1 residual stress can be relaxed. As a result, the dimensional change of the polarizer can be suppressed. From this viewpoint, in the present invention, the thickness A of the polarizer 1 and the thickness B of the compatible layer are adjusted so as to satisfy the general formula: (100 × B / A) ≧ 1. The thickness B of the compatible layer X is adjusted in relation to the thickness A of the polarizer 1. The value of (100 × B / A) is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of alleviating the residual stress of the polarizer, more preferably 2.5 or more, further 3 or more, further 4 or more, and further 5 The above is preferable. On the other hand, when the value of (100 × B / A) is too large, the proportion of the compatible layer X in the thickness A of the polarizer 1 may be too large, thereby impairing optical characteristics. From this viewpoint, the value of (100 × B / A) is preferably 10 or less, and more preferably 7 or less.

  The thickness B of the compatible layer X can be measured by the method described in Examples.

<Polarizer>
The polarizer is not particularly limited, and various types can be used. Examples of polarizers include dichroic iodine and dichroic dyes on hydrophilic polymer films such as polyvinyl alcohol films, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol films, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified films. Examples thereof include polyene-based oriented films such as those obtained by adsorbing substances and uniaxially stretched, polyvinyl alcohol dehydrated products and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated products. Among these, a polarizer composed of a polyvinyl alcohol film and a dichroic material such as iodine is preferable.

  A polarizer obtained by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film with iodine and uniaxially stretching it can be produced, for example, by dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film by immersing it in an aqueous solution of iodine and stretching it 3 to 7 times the original length. . If necessary, it may contain boric acid, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, or the like, or may be immersed in an aqueous solution such as potassium iodide. Further, if necessary, the polyvinyl alcohol film may be immersed in water and washed before dyeing. In addition to washing the polyvinyl alcohol film surface with dirt and anti-blocking agents by washing the polyvinyl alcohol film with water, it also has the effect of preventing unevenness such as uneven coloring by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol film. is there. Stretching may be performed after dyeing with iodine, may be performed while dyeing, or may be dyed with iodine after stretching. The film can be stretched even in an aqueous solution such as boric acid or potassium iodide or in a water bath.

  As the polarizer, a thin polarizer having a thickness of 15 μm or less is used. The thickness of the polarizer is preferably 12 μm from the viewpoint of thinning and crack resistance due to thermal shock, more preferably 10 μm or less, further 8 μm or less, further 7 μm or less, and further 6 μm or less. On the other hand, the thickness of the polarizer is preferably 2 μm or more, and more preferably 3 μm or more. Such a thin polarizer has less thickness unevenness, excellent visibility, and less dimensional change, and therefore excellent durability against thermal shock.

  The polarizer preferably contains boric acid from the viewpoint of stretching stability and optical durability. The boric acid content contained in the polarizer is preferably 25% by weight or less, more preferably 20% by weight or less, based on the total amount of the polarizer, from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of cracks such as through cracks. It is preferably 18% by weight or less, more preferably 16% by weight or less. When the content of boric acid contained in the polarizer exceeds 20% by weight, even if the thickness of the polarizer is controlled to 10 μm or less, the contraction stress of the polarizer increases and cracks such as through cracks are likely to occur. Therefore, it is not preferable. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the stretching stability and optical durability of the polarizer, the boric acid content with respect to the total amount of the polarizer is preferably 10% by weight or more, and more preferably 12% by weight or more.

As a thin polarizer having a thickness of 15 μm or less, typically,
Patent No. 4751486,
Japanese Patent No. 4751481,
Patent No. 4815544,
Patent No. 5048120,
Japanese Patent No. 5587517,
International Publication No. 2014/077599 pamphlet,
International Publication No. 2014/077636 Pamphlet,
And the thin polarizers obtained from the production methods described therein.

The polarizer has an optical property represented by the following formula: P> − (10 ^0.929T-42.4 −1) × 100 (where T <42.3). Or
It is preferably configured to satisfy the condition of P ≧ 99.9 (however, T ≧ 42.3). A polarizer configured so as to satisfy the above-described conditions uniquely has performance required as a display for a liquid crystal television using a large display element. Specifically, the contrast ratio is 1000: 1 or more and the maximum luminance is 500 cd / m ² or more. As other uses, for example, it is bonded to the viewing side of the organic EL display device.

  As the thin polarizer, among the production methods including the step of stretching in the state of a laminate and the step of dyeing, Patent No. 4751486, Patent, in that it can be stretched at a high magnification and the polarization performance can be improved. What is obtained by the manufacturing method including the process of extending | stretching in a boric-acid aqueous solution as described in the 4751481 specification and the patent 4815544 specification is preferable, and it describes especially in the patent 4751481 specification and the patent 4815544 specification. What is obtained by the manufacturing method including the process of extending | stretching in the air auxiliary before extending | stretching in the boric-acid aqueous solution which has this is preferable. These thin polarizers can be obtained by a production method including a step of stretching and dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (hereinafter also referred to as PVA-based resin) layer and a stretching resin base material in a laminated state. With this manufacturing method, even if the PVA-based resin layer is thin, it can be stretched without problems such as breakage due to stretching by being supported by the stretching resin substrate.

<Resin substrate>
In addition, what was applied to manufacture of the said thin polarizer can be used for the resin base material (resin base material for extending | stretching) shown to FIG. 1 (B). Various thermoplastic resins can be used as the material for forming the resin base material. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include ester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate resins, cycloolefin resins such as norbornene resins, olefin resins such as polypropylene, polyamide rheo resins, polycarbonate resins, and copolymer resins thereof. Can be mentioned. Of these, ester resins are preferred from the viewpoint of ease of production and cost reduction. As the ester-based thermoplastic resin substrate, an amorphous ester-based thermoplastic resin substrate or a crystalline ester-based thermoplastic resin substrate can be used.

<Protective film>
As the material constituting the protective film, a material excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy and the like is preferable. For example, polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, cellulose polymers such as diacetyl cellulose and triacetyl cellulose, acrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, styrene such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin) And polymers based on polycarbonate and polycarbonate. In addition, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefins having a cyclo or norbornene structure, polyolefin polymers such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, vinyl chloride polymers, amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide, imide polymers, sulfone polymers , Polyether sulfone polymer, polyether ether ketone polymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, vinyl alcohol polymer, vinylidene chloride polymer, vinyl butyral polymer, arylate polymer, polyoxymethylene polymer, epoxy polymer, or the above Polymer blends and the like can also be mentioned as examples of the polymer forming the protective film.

  In addition, 1 or more types of arbitrary appropriate additives may be contained in the protective film. Examples of the additive include an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a lubricant, a plasticizer, a release agent, a coloring inhibitor, a flame retardant, a nucleating agent, an antistatic agent, a pigment, and a coloring agent. The content of the thermoplastic resin in the protective film is preferably 50 to 100% by weight, more preferably 50 to 99% by weight, still more preferably 60 to 98% by weight, and particularly preferably 70 to 97% by weight. When content of the said thermoplastic resin in a protective film is 50 weight% or less, there exists a possibility that the high transparency etc. which a thermoplastic resin originally has cannot fully be expressed.

  As the protective film, a retardation film, a brightness enhancement film, a diffusion film, and the like can also be used. Examples of the retardation film include those having a front retardation of 40 nm or more and / or a retardation having a thickness direction retardation of 80 nm or more. The front phase difference is usually controlled in the range of 40 to 200 nm, and the thickness direction phase difference is usually controlled in the range of 80 to 300 nm. In the case where a retardation film is used as the protective film, the retardation film functions also as a polarizer protective film, so that the thickness can be reduced.

  Examples of the retardation film include a birefringent film formed by uniaxially or biaxially stretching a thermoplastic resin film. The stretching temperature, stretching ratio, and the like are appropriately set depending on the retardation value, film material, and thickness.

  Although the thickness of a protective film can be determined suitably, generally it is about 1-500 micrometers from points, such as workability | operativity, such as intensity | strength and handleability, and thin layer property. 1-300 micrometers is especially preferable, 5-200 micrometers is more preferable, Furthermore, 5-150 micrometers, especially 20-100 micrometers is especially suitable in the case of a thin type.

  A functional layer such as a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer, an antisticking layer, a diffusion layer or an antiglare layer can be provided on the surface of the protective film to which the polarizer is not adhered (particularly, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1). In addition, the hard coat layer, the antireflection layer, the antisticking layer, the diffusion layer, the antiglare layer, and other functional layers can be provided on the protective film itself, or can be provided separately from the protective film. it can.

<Intervening layer>
The protective film and the polarizer are laminated via an intervening layer such as an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, and an undercoat layer (primer layer). At this time, it is desirable that the both are laminated without an air gap by an intervening layer.

  The adhesive layer is formed of an adhesive. The type of the adhesive is not particularly limited, and various types can be used. The adhesive layer is not particularly limited as long as it is optically transparent. Examples of the adhesive include water-based, solvent-based, hot-melt-based, active energy ray-curable types, and the like. Or an active energy ray hardening-type adhesive agent is suitable.

  Examples of the water-based adhesive include an isocyanate-based adhesive, a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive, a gelatin-based adhesive, a vinyl-based latex, and a water-based polyester. The water-based adhesive is usually used as an adhesive made of an aqueous solution, and usually contains 0.5 to 60% by weight of a solid content.

  The active energy ray curable adhesive is an adhesive that cures by an active energy ray such as an electron beam or ultraviolet rays (radical curable type, cationic curable type), for example, in an electron beam curable type or an ultraviolet curable type. Can be used. As the active energy ray curable adhesive, for example, a photo radical curable adhesive can be used. When the photo radical curable active energy ray curable adhesive is used as an ultraviolet curable adhesive, the adhesive contains a radical polymerizable compound and a photo polymerization initiator.

  The adhesive coating method is appropriately selected depending on the viscosity of the adhesive and the target thickness. Examples of coating methods include reverse coaters, gravure coaters (direct, reverse and offset), bar reverse coaters, roll coaters, die coaters, bar coaters, rod coaters and the like. In addition, for coating, a method such as a dapping method can be appropriately used.

  Moreover, when using an aqueous adhesive etc., it is preferable to apply the adhesive so that the thickness of the finally formed adhesive layer is 30 to 300 nm. The thickness of the adhesive layer is more preferably 60 to 250 nm. On the other hand, when an active energy ray-curable adhesive is used, the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 0.1 to 200 μm. More preferably, it is 0.5-50 micrometers, More preferably, it is 0.5-10 micrometers.

  In addition, in laminating | stacking a polarizer and a protective film, an easily bonding layer can be provided between a protective film and an adhesive bond layer. The easy adhesion layer can be formed of, for example, various resins having a polyester skeleton, a polyether skeleton, a polycarbonate skeleton, a polyurethane skeleton, a silicone-based, a polyamide skeleton, a polyimide skeleton, a polyvinyl alcohol skeleton, and the like. These polymer resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, you may add another additive for formation of an easily bonding layer. Specifically, a stabilizer such as a tackifier, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, and a heat resistance stabilizer may be used.

  The easy adhesion layer is usually provided in advance on the protective film, and the easy adhesion layer side of the protective film and the polarizer are laminated with an adhesive layer. The easy-adhesion layer is formed by applying and drying a material for forming the easy-adhesion layer on a protective film by a known technique. The material for forming the easy-adhesion layer is usually adjusted as a solution diluted to an appropriate concentration in consideration of the thickness after drying and the smoothness of coating. The thickness of the easy adhesion layer after drying is preferably 0.01 to 5 μm, more preferably 0.02 to 2 μm, and still more preferably 0.05 to 1 μm. Note that a plurality of easy-adhesion layers can be provided, but also in this case, the total thickness of the easy-adhesion layers is preferably in the above range.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed from a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Various pressure-sensitive adhesives can be used as the pressure-sensitive adhesive, such as rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, Examples include acrylamide-based adhesives and cellulose-based adhesives. An adhesive base polymer is selected according to the type of the adhesive. Among the pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives are preferably used because they are excellent in optical transparency, exhibit appropriate wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, and are excellent in weather resistance and heat resistance. The

  The undercoat layer (primer layer) is formed in order to improve the adhesion between the polarizer and the protective film. The material constituting the primer layer is not particularly limited as long as the material exhibits a certain degree of strong adhesion to both the base film and the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer. For example, a thermoplastic resin excellent in transparency, thermal stability, stretchability, etc. is used. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include an acrylic resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, or a mixture thereof.

<Transparent layer>
The transparent layer can be formed from various forming materials. Examples of the material for forming the transparent layer include polyester resins, polyether resins, polycarbonate resins, polyurethane resins, silicone resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, PVA resins, and acrylic resins. Can do. These resin materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, one or more selected from the group consisting of polyurethane resins and PVA resins are preferable, and PVA resins are more preferable. preferable. The form of the resin may be either water-based or solvent-based. The resin is preferably a water-based resin, and is preferably a PVA-based resin. As the water-based resin, an acrylic resin aqueous solution or a urethane resin aqueous solution can be used.

  The thickness of the transparent layer is preferably 0.2 μm or more. The generation of cracks can be suppressed by the transparent layer having the thickness. The thickness of the transparent layer is preferably 0.5 μm or more, and more preferably 0.7 μm or more. On the other hand, since the optical reliability and water resistance decrease when the transparent layer becomes too thick, the thickness of the transparent layer is generally 8 μm or less, preferably 6 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or less. And more preferably 3 μm or less. The thickness of the transparent layer is the thickness formed on the compatible layer.

  The transparent layer preferably has a low orientation index in terms of crack resistance. The orientation index is preferably controlled to be 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.02 or less, and most preferably non-orientation (orientation index is 0.01 or less). The orientation index of the transparent layer can be measured by the method described in Examples.

  As the material for forming the transparent layer, a material that penetrates into the polarizer is preferably used. As a material for forming the transparent layer, for example, a forming material mainly composed of a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol resin is preferable.

  As said polyvinyl alcohol-type resin, polyvinyl alcohol is mentioned, for example. Polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. Examples of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin include a saponified product of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and a monomer having copolymerizability. When the copolymerizable monomer is ethylene, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is obtained. Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (anhydrous) maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, and esters thereof; ethylene, propylene, and the like. α-olefin, (meth) allylsulfonic acid (soda), sulfonic acid soda (monoalkylmalate), disulfonic acid soda alkylmalate, N-methylolacrylamide, acrylamide alkylsulfonic acid alkali salt, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N- Examples include vinyl pyrrolidone derivatives. These polyvinyl alcohol resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of satisfying the heat and moisture resistance and water resistance, polyvinyl alcohol obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate is preferable.

  The saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin can be, for example, 95 mol% or more, but from the viewpoint of satisfying moisture heat resistance and water resistance, the saponification degree is preferably 99 mol% or more, Is preferably 99.7 mol% or more. The degree of saponification represents the proportion of units that are actually saponified to vinyl alcohol units among the units that can be converted to vinyl alcohol units by saponification, and the residue is a vinyl ester unit. The saponification degree can be determined according to JIS K 6726-1994.

  The average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin can be, for example, 500 or more. From the viewpoint of satisfying the heat and moisture resistance and water resistance, the average degree of polymerization is preferably 1000 or more, and more preferably 1500 or more. Is preferable, and 2000 or more is more preferable. The average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol resin is measured according to JIS-K6726.

  Moreover, as said polyvinyl alcohol-type resin, the modified polyvinyl alcohol-type resin which has a hydrophilic functional group in the side chain of the said polyvinyl alcohol or its copolymer can be used. Examples of the hydrophilic functional group include an acetoacetyl group and a carbonyl group. In addition, modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by acetalization, urethanization, etherification, grafting, phosphoric esterification or the like of a polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used.

  The transparent layer can be formed from a forming material that does not contain a curable component. For example, it can be formed from a forming material containing the polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA resin) as a main component. The polyvinyl alcohol resin forming the transparent layer may be the same as or different from the polyvinyl alcohol resin contained in the polarizer as long as it is a “polyvinyl alcohol resin”.

  The forming material containing the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin as a main component can contain a curable component (crosslinking agent) and the like. The ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol resin in the transparent layer or the forming material (solid content) is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, and further preferably 95% by weight or more. However, it is preferable that the forming material does not contain a curable component (crosslinking agent).

  As the crosslinking agent, a compound having at least two functional groups having reactivity with the polyvinyl alcohol resin can be used. For example, alkylenediamine having two alkylene groups and two amino groups such as ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine; tolylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated tolylene diisocyanate, trimethylolpropane tolylene diisocyanate adduct, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, methylene bis (Isocyanates such as 4-phenylmethane triisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and ketoxime block product or phenol block product thereof; ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin di or triglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexane Diol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, di Epoxies such as ricidylaniline and diglycidylamine; monoaldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde; Dialdehydes; amino-formaldehyde resins such as methylol urea, methylol melamine, alkylated methylol urea, alkylated methylolated melamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine and formaldehyde condensate; adipic acid dihydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, Succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, maleic acid dihydrazide Dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides such as fumaric acid dihydrazide and itaconic acid dihydrazide; water-soluble dihydrazines such as ethylene-1,2-dihydrazine, propylene-1,3-dihydrazine, butylene-1,4-dihydrazine; and sodium and potassium And salts of divalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, aluminum, iron, nickel, and trivalent metals and their oxides, among which amino-formaldehyde resins and water-soluble dihydrazines are preferred. As the compound, a compound having a methylol group is preferable, and methylol melamine, which is a compound having a methylol group, is particularly preferable.

  Although the said sclerosing | hardenable component (crosslinking agent) can be used from a viewpoint of water resistance improvement, the ratio is 20 weight part or less, 10 weight part or less, 5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of polyvinyl alcohol-type resin. It is preferable that:

  The forming material is prepared as a solution in which the polyvinyl alcohol resin is dissolved in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide N-methylpyrrolidone, various glycols, polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, and amines such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, it is preferable to use it as an aqueous solution using water as a solvent. The concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin in the forming material (for example, an aqueous solution) is not particularly limited. -10% by weight.

  In addition, you may add an additive suitably to the said forming material (for example, aqueous solution). Examples of the additive include a plasticizer and a surfactant. Examples of the plasticizer include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin. Examples of the surfactant include nonionic surfactants. Furthermore, coupling agents such as silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents, various tackifiers, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, and other stabilizers can be added.

  The said transparent layer can be formed by apply | coating the said forming material to the other side (surface which does not have a protective film) of a polarizer, and drying. The forming material is preferably applied such that the thickness after drying is 0.2 μm or more. The application operation is not particularly limited, and any appropriate method can be adopted. For example, various means such as a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a wire bar coating method, a dip coating method, a die coating method, a curtain coating method, a spray coating method, a knife coating method (comma coating method, etc.) can be employed. In general, the drying temperature is preferably 60 to 120 ° C, and more preferably 70 to 100 ° C. The drying time is preferably 10 to 300 seconds, more preferably 20 to 120 seconds.

<Adhesive layer>
The polarizing film can be used as a polarizing film with an adhesive layer by providing an adhesive layer. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be provided on the transparent layer or polarizer side of the polarizing film, or in the case of having a protective film. A separator can be provided in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the polarizing film with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

  An appropriate pressure-sensitive adhesive can be used for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the type thereof is not particularly limited. Adhesives include rubber adhesives, acrylic adhesives, silicone adhesives, urethane adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol adhesives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone adhesives, polyacrylamide adhesives, Examples thereof include cellulose-based adhesives.

  Among these pressure-sensitive adhesives, those having excellent optical transparency, suitable wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, and excellent weather resistance and heat resistance are preferably used. An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably used as one exhibiting such characteristics.

  As a method for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, for example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to a separator having been subjected to a release treatment, and after the polymerization solvent and the like are removed by drying to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, FIGS. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, a method of transferring to a transparent layer or a protective film (or a protective film in the embodiment of FIG. 2C), or in the embodiments of FIGS. 2A and 2B, a transparent layer or a protective film (or FIG. ), The pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the protective film), and the polymerization solvent is dried and removed to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the polarizer. In applying the pressure-sensitive adhesive, one or more solvents other than the polymerization solvent may be added as appropriate.

  As the release-treated separator, a silicone release liner is preferably used. In the step of forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer by applying and drying the pressure-sensitive adhesive of the present invention on such a liner, an appropriate method may be adopted as appropriate according to the purpose. Preferably, a method of heating and drying the coating film is used. The heat drying temperature is preferably 40 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably 50 ° C to 180 ° C, and particularly preferably 70 ° C to 170 ° C. By setting the heating temperature within the above range, an adhesive having excellent adhesive properties can be obtained.

  As the drying time, an appropriate time can be adopted as appropriate. The drying time is preferably 5 seconds to 20 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and particularly preferably 10 seconds to 5 minutes.

  Various methods are used as a method of forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Specifically, for example, roll coat, kiss roll coat, gravure coat, reverse coat, roll brush, spray coat, dip roll coat, bar coat, knife coat, air knife coat, curtain coat, lip coat, die coater, etc. Examples thereof include an extrusion coating method.

  The thickness in particular of an adhesive layer is not restrict | limited, For example, it is about 1-100 micrometers. Preferably, it is 2-50 micrometers, More preferably, it is 2-40 micrometers, More preferably, it is 5-35 micrometers.

  When the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is exposed, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be protected with a sheet (separator) that has been subjected to a release treatment until practical use.

  Examples of the constituent material of the separator include, for example, plastic films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyester films, porous materials such as paper, cloth, and nonwoven fabric, nets, foam sheets, metal foils, and laminates thereof. A thin film can be used, but a plastic film is preferably used because of its excellent surface smoothness.

  The plastic film is not particularly limited as long as it can protect the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. For example, a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, a polybutene film, a polybutadiene film, a polymethylpentene film, a polyvinyl chloride film, and a vinyl chloride co-polymer are used. Examples thereof include a polymer film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polybutylene terephthalate film, a polyurethane film, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film.

  The thickness of the separator is usually 5 to 200 μm, preferably about 5 to 100 μm. For the separator, if necessary, mold release and antifouling treatment with a silicone type, fluorine type, long chain alkyl type or fatty acid amide type release agent, silica powder, etc., coating type, kneading type, vapor deposition type It is also possible to carry out antistatic treatment such as. In particular, the release property from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be further improved by appropriately performing a release treatment such as silicone treatment, long-chain alkyl treatment, or fluorine treatment on the surface of the separator.

<Surface protection film>
A surface protective film can be provided on the polarizing film. The surface protective film usually has a base film and an adhesive layer, and protects the polarizer via the adhesive layer.

  As the base film of the surface protective film, a film material having isotropic property or close to isotropic property is selected from the viewpoints of inspection property and manageability. Examples of film materials include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate film, cellulose resins, acetate resins, polyether sulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, acrylic resins, and the like. Examples thereof include transparent polymers such as resins. Of these, polyester resins are preferred. The base film can be used as a laminate of one kind or two or more kinds of film materials, and a stretched product of the film can also be used. The thickness of the base film is generally 500 μm or less, preferably 10 to 200 μm.

  The pressure-sensitive adhesive that forms the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the surface protective film includes a (meth) acrylic polymer, a silicone-based polymer, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polyether, a fluorine-based or a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive. Can be appropriately selected and used. From the viewpoints of transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive having an acrylic polymer as a base polymer is preferable. The thickness (dry film thickness) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is determined according to the required adhesive force. Usually, it is about 1-100 micrometers, Preferably it is 5-50 micrometers.

  The surface protective film can be provided with a release treatment layer on the surface opposite to the surface on which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided on the base film, using a low adhesion material such as silicone treatment, long-chain alkyl treatment, or fluorine treatment. .

<Other optical layers>
The polarizing film of the present invention can be used as an optical film laminated with another optical layer in practical use. The optical layer is not particularly limited. For example, for forming a liquid crystal display device such as a reflection plate, a semi-transmission plate, a retardation plate (including wavelength plates such as 1/2 and 1/4), and a viewing angle compensation film. One or more optical layers that may be used can be used. In particular, a reflective polarizing film or semi-transmissive polarizing film in which a polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive reflecting plate is further laminated on the polarizing film of the present invention, an elliptical polarizing film or circularly polarizing film in which a retardation film is further laminated on a polarizing film. A wide viewing angle polarizing film obtained by further laminating a viewing angle compensation film on a film or a polarizing film, or a polarizing film obtained by further laminating a brightness enhancement film on the polarizing film is preferred.

  An optical film obtained by laminating the above optical layer on a polarizing film can be formed by a method of laminating separately separately in the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like. It is excellent in stability and assembly work, and has the advantage of improving the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device and the like. For the lamination, an appropriate adhesive means such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be used. When adhering the above polarizing film and other optical films, their optical axes can be set at an appropriate arrangement angle in accordance with the target retardation characteristics.

  The polarizing film or the optical film of the present invention can be preferably used for forming various devices such as a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device can be formed according to the conventional method. That is, a liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing film or an optical film, and an illumination system as necessary, and incorporating a drive circuit. There is no limitation in particular except the point which uses a polarizing film or an optical film by invention, and it can apply according to the former. As the liquid crystal cell, an arbitrary type such as an IPS type or a VA type can be used, but is particularly suitable for the IPS type.

  An appropriate liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device in which a polarizing film or an optical film is disposed on one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a backlight or a reflector used in an illumination system can be formed. In that case, the polarizing film or optical film by this invention can be installed in the one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell. When providing a polarizing film or an optical film on both sides, they may be the same or different. Further, when forming a liquid crystal display device, for example, a single layer or a suitable part such as a diffusing plate, an antiglare layer, an antireflection film, a protective plate, a prism array, a lens array sheet, a light diffusing plate, a backlight, etc. Two or more layers can be arranged.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples shown below. In addition, all the parts and% in each example are based on weight. The room temperature standing conditions not specifically defined below are all 23 ° C. and 65% RH.

<Preparation of optical film laminate A0>
One side of an amorphous isophthalic acid copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (IPA copolymerized PET) film (thickness: 100 μm) having a water absorption of 0.75% and Tg of 75 ° C. is subjected to corona treatment. Alcohol (polymerization degree 4200, saponification degree 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (polymerization degree 1200, acetoacetyl modification degree 4.6%, saponification degree 99.0 mol% or more, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. An aqueous solution containing 9: 1 ratio of the trade name “Gosefimer Z200”) was applied and dried at 25 ° C. to form a PVA-based resin layer having a thickness of 11 μm, thereby preparing a laminate.
The obtained laminate was uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) 2.0 times between rolls having different peripheral speeds in an oven at 120 ° C. (air-assisted stretching process).
Next, the laminate was immersed in an insolubilization bath (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by weight of boric acid with respect to 100 parts by weight of water) for 30 seconds (insolubilization treatment).
Subsequently, it was immersed in a dyeing bath having a liquid temperature of 30 ° C. while adjusting the iodine concentration and the immersion time so that the polarizing plate had a predetermined transmittance. In this example, 0.2 parts by weight of iodine was blended with 100 parts by weight of water, and immersed in an aqueous iodine solution obtained by blending 1.0 part by weight of potassium iodide (dyeing treatment). .
Subsequently, it was immersed for 30 seconds in a crosslinking bath having a liquid temperature of 30 ° C. (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by blending 3 parts by weight of potassium iodide and 3 parts by weight of boric acid with respect to 100 parts by weight of water). (Crosslinking treatment).
Thereafter, the laminate was immersed in a boric acid aqueous solution (an aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by weight of boric acid and 5 parts by weight of potassium iodide with respect to 100 parts by weight of water) at a liquid temperature of 70 ° C. However, uniaxial stretching was performed between rolls having different peripheral speeds in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) so that the total stretching ratio was 5.5 times (in-water stretching treatment).
Thereafter, the laminate was immersed in a cleaning bath (an aqueous solution obtained by blending 4 parts by weight of potassium iodide with respect to 100 parts by weight of water) at a liquid temperature of 30 ° C. (cleaning treatment).
Thus, an optical film laminate A0 including a polarizer having a thickness of 5 μm was obtained.

<Preparation of optical film laminate A1>
In the production of the optical film laminate A0, the optical film laminate A1 was prepared in the same manner as the production method of the optical film laminate A0 except that boric acid blended in the boric acid aqueous solution in the underwater stretching treatment was changed to 3.5 parts by weight. Got. The thickness of the obtained polarizer was 5 μm.

<Preparation of optical film laminate A2>
In the production of the optical film laminate A0, the optical film laminate A2 was produced in the same manner as the production method of the optical film laminate A0 except that boric acid blended in the boric acid aqueous solution in the underwater stretching treatment was changed to 4.5 parts by weight. Got. The thickness of the obtained polarizer was 5 μm.

<Preparation of optical film laminate D>
In the production of the optical film laminate A0, an optical film laminate D was obtained in the same manner as the production method of the optical film laminate A0 except that a PVA resin layer having a thickness of 15 μm was formed. The thickness of the obtained polarizer was 7 μm.

<Production of Polarizer E>
A polyvinyl alcohol film having an average polymerization degree of 2400 and a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% and a thickness of 30 μm was immersed in warm water at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds to swell. Next, the film was dyed while being immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.3% concentration of iodine / potassium iodide (weight ratio = 0.5 / 8) and stretched to 3.5 times. Then, it extended | stretched so that the total draw ratio might be 6 time in 65 degreeC borate ester aqueous solution. After extending | stretching, it dried for 3 minutes in 40 degreeC oven, and obtained the PVA-type polarizer E. FIG. The thickness of the obtained polarizer was 12 μm.

<Preparation of polarizer F>
A polyvinyl alcohol film having an average polymerization degree of 2400 and a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% and a thickness of 75 μm was immersed in warm water at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds to swell. Next, the film was dyed while being immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.3% concentration of iodine / potassium iodide (weight ratio = 0.5 / 8) and stretched to 3.5 times. Then, it extended | stretched so that the total draw ratio might be 6 time in 65 degreeC borate ester aqueous solution. After stretching, drying was performed in an oven at 40 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain a PVA polarizer F. The thickness of the obtained polarizer was 23 μm.

(Preparation of protective film)
Protective film: A (meth) acrylic resin film having a lactone ring structure with a thickness of 40 μm was subjected to corona treatment on the easy adhesion treated surface.

(Production of adhesive to be applied to protective film)
40 parts by weight of N-hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAA), 60 parts by weight of acryloylmorpholine (ACMO) and 3 parts by weight of a photoinitiator “IRGACURE 819” (manufactured by BASF) were mixed to prepare an ultraviolet curable adhesive.

(Polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material A)
A polyvinyl alcohol resin having a polymerization degree of 2500 and a saponification degree of 99.0 mol% was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 4% by weight.

(Polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material B)
A polyvinyl alcohol resin having a polymerization degree of 500 and a saponification degree of 99.0 mol% was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 4% by weight.

(Polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material C)
A polyvinyl alcohol resin having a polymerization degree of 2500 and a saponification degree of 89.0 mol% was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 4% by weight.

(Polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material D)
A polyvinyl alcohol resin having a polymerization degree of 2500 and a saponification degree of 99.7 mol% was dissolved in pure water to prepare an aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 4% by weight.

(Polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material E)
100 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol resin having a polymerization degree of 2500 and a saponification degree of 99.7 mol% and 5 parts of methylol melamine (manufactured by DIC, trade name “Watersol: S-695”) as an additive were dissolved in pure water. An aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 4% by weight was prepared.

(Composition of acrylic forming material A)
N-hydroxyethylacrylamide (trade name “HEAA” manufactured by Kojin Co., Ltd.) 20 parts Urethane acrylate (trade name “UV-1700B” manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) 80 parts Photoradical polymerization initiator (2-methyl-1- (4-Methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, manufactured by BASF, trade name “IRGACURE907”) 3 parts Photosensitizer (diethylthioxanthone, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., trade name “KAYACURE DETX-S” ]) 2 parts

(Preparation of active energy ray-curable forming material)
The acrylic forming material was mixed and stirred at 50 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare various active energy ray-curable forming materials.

(Active energy ray irradiation)
Visible light (gallium filled metal halide lamp) as an active energy ray Irradiation device: Fusion UV Systems, Inc. Light HAMMER10 bulb: V bulb Peak illuminance: 1600 mW / cm ² , integrated irradiation amount 1000 / mJ / cm ² (wavelength 380 to 380) 440 nm) was used. The illuminance of visible light was measured using a Sola-Check system manufactured by Solatell.

Reference example 1
<Preparation of single protective polarizing film A>
After applying the protective film to the surface of the polarizer of the optical film laminate A0 while applying the UV curable adhesive so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after curing is 0.5 μm, Energy rays were irradiated to cure the adhesive. Subsequently, the amorphous PET base material was peeled off to produce a piece protective polarizing film A0 using a thin polarizer. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film A0 were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Reference Examples 2-4
<Production of single-protective polarizing films A1, A2, D>
In Reference Example 1, except that the optical film laminate A1, A2 or D was used instead of the optical film laminate A0, the piece protective polarizing film A1, A2 or D was obtained. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film A1, A2 or D were a transmittance of 42.8% and a polarization degree of 99.99%.

Reference Example 5
<Preparation of single protective polarizing film E>
While applying the UV curable adhesive to the surface of one side of the polarizer E so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after curing is 0.5 μm, the protective film is pasted and then irradiated with active energy rays. The adhesive was cured to obtain a piece protective polarizing film E. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film E were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Reference Example 6
<Preparation of single protective polarizing film F>
In Reference Example 5, a piece protective polarizing film F was obtained in the same manner as Reference Example 5 except that the polarizer F was used instead of the polarizer E. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film F were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Example 1
<Preparation of transparent protective single-sided polarizing film A0: corresponding to FIG. 2 (A)>
The polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material A adjusted to 25 ° C. on the surface of the polarizer of the piece protective polarizing film A0 obtained in Reference Example 1 (the surface of the polarizer not provided with a protective film) is a wire bar coater. After coating so that the thickness after drying (not including the compatible layer) was 0.8 μm, it was dried with hot air at 80 ° C. for 30 seconds to prepare a piece-protecting polarizing film A0 with a transparent layer.

Examples 2 to 10, Comparative Examples 2 and 3
In Example 1, except that the type of the transparent layer forming material and the thickness of the transparent layer were changed as shown in Table 1, in the same manner as in Example 1, the piece-protecting polarizing film A0, A1 with a transparent layer or A2 was produced.
In addition, the transparent layer in the comparative example 2 is as follows.
After applying the active energy ray-curable forming material (acrylic forming material A) to a thickness of 1 μm using a wire bar coater, the active energy ray is irradiated in a nitrogen atmosphere to provide a transparent layer. A piece protective polarizing film A0 was prepared. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film A0 with a transparent layer were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Examples 11 and 12, Comparative Examples 4 and 5
<Preparation of transparent protective film D to F with a transparent layer>
In Example 1, a piece with a transparent layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type of the piece protective polarizing film, the type of the transparent layer forming material, and the thickness of the transparent layer were changed as shown in Table 1. Protective polarizing films D to F were produced. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing films D to F with a transparent layer were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Comparative Example 1
(Production of water-based adhesive)
Polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing acetoacetyl group (average polymerization degree: 1200, saponification degree: 98.5 mol%, acetoacetylation degree: 5 mol%) to 100 parts, Under temperature conditions, an aqueous solution dissolved in pure water and adjusted to a solid content concentration of 3.7% was prepared. To 100 parts of the aqueous solution, 18 parts of an alumina colloid aqueous solution (average particle diameter 15 nm, solid content concentration 10%, positive charge) was added to prepare an aqueous adhesive.

(Preparation of polarizing film)
One side of an amorphous isophthalic acid copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (IPA copolymerized PET) film (thickness: 100 μm) having a water absorption of 0.75% and Tg of 75 ° C. is subjected to corona treatment. An aqueous solution containing alcohol (polymerization degree 2500, saponification degree 99.0 mol%) was applied and dried at 25 ° C. to form a PVA resin layer having a thickness of 1 μm, thereby producing a laminate. Next, the water-based adhesive is applied to the surface of the polarizer of the single protective polarizing film A0 (the surface of the polarizer not provided with the protective film) so that the film thickness becomes 0.1 μm, and the PVA resin layer surface of the laminate And then dried at 60 ° C. for 1 minute. Then, the piece protection polarizing film with a transparent layer was produced by peeling the PET film of a base material.

Reference Example 7
<Preparation of single protective polarizing film (lamination) B>
The protective film was bonded to the surface of the polarizer of the optical film laminate A0 while applying the ultraviolet curable adhesive so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after curing was 0.5 μm. Furthermore, after applying the protective film on the surface of the protective film while applying the ultraviolet curable adhesive so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after curing is 0.5 μm, as an active energy ray, The adhesive was cured by irradiating with ultraviolet rays.
Subsequently, the amorphous PET base material was peeled off, and a single protective polarizing film (lamination) B using a thin polarizer was produced. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film (laminate) B were a transmittance of 42.8% and a polarization degree of 99.99%.

Example 13
<Manufacturing a single protective polarizing film (lamination) with a transparent layer: corresponding to FIG. 2B>
The polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material A adjusted to 25 ° C. is wired on the surface of the polarizer of the piece protective polarizing film (laminated) B obtained in Reference Example 7 (the surface of the polarizer provided with no protective film). After coating with a bar coater such that the thickness after drying was 0.7 μm, it was dried with hot air at 60 ° C. for 1 minute to produce a single protective polarizing film (laminated) B with a transparent layer. The optical properties of the obtained piece-protecting polarizing film (lamination) B with a transparent layer were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Example 14
<Preparation of both protective polarizing films C with a transparent layer: corresponding to FIG. 2 (C)>
The polyvinyl alcohol-based forming material A adjusted to 25 ° C. on the surface of the polarizer of the piece protective polarizing film A0 obtained in Reference Example 1 (the surface of the polarizer not provided with a protective film) is a wire bar coater. After apply | coating so that the thickness after drying might be set to 0.7 micrometer, it dried with hot air for 1 minute at 60 degreeC, and produced the piece protection polarizing film A0 with a transparent layer.
The protective film is laminated on the surface of the transparent layer of the transparent protective film A0 with the transparent layer while applying the UV curable adhesive so that the thickness of the adhesive layer after curing is 0.5 μm. Thereafter, ultraviolet rays were applied as active energy rays to cure the adhesive. The optical properties of the obtained both protective polarizing films C with a transparent layer were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

Reference Example 8
<Preparation of both protective polarizing films C>
The thickness of the adhesive layer after curing the ultraviolet curable adhesive on the surface of the polarizer of the piece protective polarizing film A0 obtained in Reference Example 1 (the surface of the polarizer provided with no protective film) is 0. The adhesive film was cured by applying ultraviolet rays as active energy rays after laminating the protective film while coating to a thickness of 5 μm. The optical properties of the obtained both protective polarizing films C were a transmittance of 42.8% and a degree of polarization of 99.99%.

  The following evaluation was performed about the polarizing film obtained by the said Example and comparative example. The results are shown in Table 1. Evaluation was performed about the polarizing film with an adhesive layer produced according to the following.

<Measurement of boric acid content in polarizer>
Using the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) (manufactured by Perkin Elmer, trade name “SPECTRUM2000”), the total reflection attenuation spectroscopy using the polarized light as the measurement light for the polarizers obtained in the examples and comparative examples ( The intensity of the boric acid peak (665 cm ⁻¹ ) and the intensity of the reference peak (2941 cm ⁻¹ ) were measured by ATR) measurement. The boric acid content index was calculated from the obtained boric acid peak intensity and the reference peak intensity by the following formula, and the boric acid content (% by weight) was determined from the calculated boric acid index by the following formula.
(Boric acid amount index) = (Intensity of boric acid peak 665 cm ⁻¹ ) / (Intensity of reference peak 2941 cm ⁻¹ )
(Boric acid content (% by weight)) = (Boric acid content index) × 5.54 + 4.1

<Preparation of acrylic polymer>
A monomer mixture containing 99 parts of butyl acrylate and 1 part of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate was charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, and a condenser. Furthermore, 0.1 part of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator was charged with ethyl acetate to 100 parts of the monomer mixture (solid content), and nitrogen gas was introduced while gently stirring. Then, the temperature of the liquid in the flask was kept at around 60 ° C., and a polymerization reaction was carried out for 7 hours. Then, ethyl acetate was added to the resulting reaction solution to prepare a solution of an acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,400,000 adjusted to a solid content concentration of 30%.

(Preparation of adhesive composition)
For 100 parts of the solid content of the acrylic polymer solution, 0.1 part of trimethylolpropane xylylene diisocyanate (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals: Takenate D110N), 0.3 part of dibenzoyl peroxide, and γ-glycidoxy An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive solution was prepared by blending 0.075 part of propylmethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd .: KBM-403).

(Formation of adhesive layer)
Next, the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive solution is uniformly applied to the surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film (separator film) treated with a silicone-based release agent with a fountain coater and dried in an air circulation type thermostatic oven at 155 ° C. for 2 minutes. Then, an adhesive layer having a thickness of 20 μm was formed on the surface of the separator film.

<Preparation of polarizing film with adhesive layer>
Subsequently, the transparent layer of the polarizing film obtained in each example (however, on the polarizer side in Reference Examples 1 to 7 and one protective film in Reference Example 8) is formed on the release treatment surface of the release sheet (separator). The obtained pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was bonded to produce a polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

<Confirmation of compatible layer thickness>
The thickness of the compatible layer was measured by TOF-SIMS equipped with a gas cluster ion gun. As the film thickness of the transparent layer (not including the compatible layer) of the polarizing film (sample), a numerical value obtained by calculating an accurate film thickness with a scanning electron microscope in advance was used. From the transparent layer side of the polarizing film (sample) toward the polarizer side to observe the depth profile while etching with argon clusters, from the polarizer ^- it was extracted "BO ₂ ion" (ionic strength). Depth from the transparent layer side (nm) and ^- for "BO ₂ ion" (ionic strength) were generated graph shown in Figure 3. The thickness of the obtained transparent layer from the electron microscope "B", towards the transparent layer side from the polarizer side ^- and "BO ₂ ion""A" where begins to decrease, "inter A-B distance" Was the thickness of the compatible layer. When the film thickness was measured with a scanning electron microscope with respect to Example 1, the thickness of the polarizer was 5.0 μm, whereas the thickness of the transparent layer was 0.8 μm. Moreover, as a result of measuring ionic strength, etching from the transparent layer side by TOF-SIMS, the graph as shown in FIG. 3 was obtained. The transparent layer of 3 "BO ₂ ^- ion" strength whereas was 0.8, in the polarizer "BO ₂ ^- ion" strength was 3.5. Also between A-B as shown in FIG. 3 ^- was able gradient of "BO ₂ ion" strength. When the “A-B distance” was converted from the etching rate of the argon cluster, the thickness of the compatible layer was 0.12 μm. Further, the transparent layer side ^- Doing boric acid content measured using FTIR according to the "BO ₂ ions" portions of the strength 0.8 Example, boric acid content was 4%. Meanwhile, in the TOF-SIMS ^- boric acid content in the polarizer "BO ₂ ions" strength was 3.5, determined by FTIR before forming the transparent layer, boric acid content 16% Met. Therefore, boric acid is present with a gradient in the compatible layer in the polarizer (the boric acid low-concentration layer in which the boric acid concentration is relatively lower than the other parts of the polarizer). This is the case.

<Orientation index of transparent layer>
As a measuring apparatus, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) (manufactured by Perkin Elmer, trade name: “SPECTRUM2000”) was used. The surface of the transparent layer was evaluated by measuring total reflection attenuation (ATR) using polarized light as measurement light. The orientation function was calculated according to the following procedure. The measurement was carried out with the measured polarized light at 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the stretching direction of the polarizer. It calculated according to (Formula) described below using the intensity | strength of 2941cm < ^-1 > of the obtained spectrum. The following intensity I as a reference peak to 3330cm ^-1, using the value of 2941cm ^-1 / 3330cm -1. Note that perfect orientation is obtained when f = 1, and random orientation when f = 0. The peak at 2941 cm ⁻¹ is said to be absorption due to vibration of “—CH ₂ —”. When there is no “—CH ₂ —” in the main chain of the material used for the transparent layer, it can be evaluated by replacing with a spectrum caused by vibration of the main chain.
(Formula) f = (3 <cos ² θ> −1) / 2
= (1-D) / [c (2D + 1)]
However,
c = (3cos ² β-1) / 2
β = 90deg => f = -2 × (1-D) / (2D + 1)
theta: molecular chain-extending direction beta: = molecular chain, the transition dipole moment _{D (I ⊥) / (I} //)
(The value of D increases as PVA is oriented.)
I _強度 : Intensity when measured with polarized light incident in a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction I _// : Intensity when measured with polarized light incident in a direction parallel to the stretching direction

<Dimensional change rate>
The obtained polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a longitudinal absorption axis direction, is cut into a size of 100 mm × 100 mm in length, and is pasted on a non-alkali glass having a thickness of 1.3 mm, and then in an environment of 85 ° C. for 500 hours. I put it in. Thereafter, the size of the polarizing film was measured. From the obtained results, the dimensional change rate% in the absorption axis direction was calculated by the following formula.
{(Length after loading)-(Length before loading)} / (Length before loading) × 100 (%)
The rate of dimensional change was determined based on the criteria shown below in the polarizing film having the same configuration based on the case where no transparent layer was provided (Reference Examples 1 to 8). The dimensional change suppression effect was calculated by the following formula.
100-{(dimensional change rate) / (standard change rate) × 100} (%)
X: The effect of suppressing dimensional change is less than 10%.
Δ: The effect of suppressing dimensional change is 10% or more and less than 15%.
○: Suppression effect of dimensional change is 15% or more and less than 20%.
A: The dimensional change suppression effect is 20% or more.

<Crack resistance>
The obtained polarizing film with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was cut into a size of 400 mm long × 708 mm wide (absorption axis direction is 400 mm) and 708 mm long × 400 mm wide (absorption axis direction is 708 mm), 402 mm long × 710 mm wide × A sample was prepared by pasting both sides of a non-alkali glass having a thickness of 1.3 mm in the crossed Nicols direction. The sample was put into an oven at 95 ° C. for 250 hours, and then taken out, and it was visually confirmed whether or not a crack was generated in the polarizing film with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. This test was performed 10 samples per sample, the number of samples with cracks was counted, and the determination was made according to the following criteria.
X: The number of cracks generated is 6 or more.
Δ: 3 to 5 cracks were generated.
○: The number of cracks generated is 1-2.
(Double-circle): There is no crack generation.

<Heat and heat resistance: Change rate of polarization degree (optical reliability test)>
The obtained polarizing film with an adhesive layer was cut into a size of 25 mm × 50 mm (absorption axis direction was 50 mm). The piece protective polarizing film (sample) was put into a constant temperature and humidity machine of 85 ° C./85% RH for 150 hours. Measure the degree of polarization of the single protective polarizing film before and after the injection using a spectral transmittance measuring device with an integrating sphere (Dot-3c of Murakami Color Research Laboratory)
Rate of change in polarization degree (%) = (1− (degree of polarization after injection / degree of polarization before introduction)) was determined.
The degree of polarization P is the transmittance when two identical polarizing films are overlapped so that their transmission axes are parallel (parallel transmittance: Tp), and overlapped so that their transmission axes are orthogonal to each other. It is calculated | required by applying the transmittance | permeability (orthogonal transmittance: Tc) at the time of combining to the following formula | equation. Polarization degree P (%) = {(Tp−Tc) / (Tp + Tc)} ^1/2 × 100
Each transmittance is represented by a Y value obtained by correcting visibility with a two-degree field of view (C light source) of JIS Z8701, with 100% of the completely polarized light obtained through the Granteller prism polarizer.
Table 1 describes the rate of change in the degree of polarization, and the rate of change was determined according to the following criteria.
A: Change rate of polarization degree is 0.5% or less.
(Triangle | delta): The change rate of a polarization degree exceeds 0.5% and 5.0% or less.
X: Change rate of polarization degree is over 5.0%.

表１中、ＷＳは、メチロールメラミン：ウォーターゾール Ｓ−６９５ （ＤＩＣ社製））、を示す。

In Table 1, WS indicates methylolmelamine: watersol S-695 (manufactured by DIC)).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Polarizer 2 Transparent layer 3 Resin base material 4 Protective film 10 Polarizing film 11 Polarizing film X Compatibility layer A Thickness of polarizer B Thickness of compatibility layer

Claims (12)

A polarizing film having a transparent layer on at least one side of a polarizer,
The polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and has a thickness of 15 μm or less.
On the side of the transparent layer in the polarizer, it has a compatible layer with the transparent layer,
The polarizing film is characterized in that a thickness A of the polarizer and a thickness B of the compatible layer satisfy a general formula: (100 × B / A) ≧ 1.   The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the compatible layer has a lower boric acid concentration than a portion other than the compatible layer in the polarizer. A polarizing film having a transparent layer on at least one side of a polarizer,
The polarizer contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin and has a thickness of 15 μm or less.
On the side of the transparent layer in the polarizer, it has a boric acid low-concentration layer in which the boric acid concentration is relatively lower than other parts of the polarizer,
The polarizing film is characterized in that a thickness A of the polarizer and a thickness C of the boric acid low concentration layer satisfy a general formula: (100 × C / A) ≧ 1.   The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the transparent layer has a thickness of 0.2 μm or more.   The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the transparent layer has a thickness of 6 μm or less.   The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the transparent layer has an orientation index of 0.05 or less.   The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the transparent layer is a formed product of a forming material containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin.   The polarizing film according to claim 7, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin has a saponification degree of 99 mol% or more and an average polymerization degree of 2000 or more. The polarizer has an optical characteristic represented by a single transmittance T and a polarization degree P of the following formula: P> − (10 ^0.929T-42.4 −1) × 100 (where T <42.3), Or
The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing film is configured to satisfy a condition of P ≧ 99.9 (however, T ≧ 42.3).   It has a protective film, The polarizing film in any one of Claims 1-9 characterized by the above-mentioned.   It has a polarizing film in any one of Claims 1-10, and an adhesive layer, The polarizing film with an adhesive layer characterized by the above-mentioned. The image display apparatus which has a polarizing film in any one of Claims 1-10, or a polarizing film with an adhesive layer of Claim 11.

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