JP6014774B2 - Omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an omnidirectional dual (dual) polarization antenna described in the first aspect of the present invention.

  An omnidirectional antenna (omnidirectional radiator) is known from, for example, Patent Document 1. This kind of omnidirectional radiator, that is, an omnidirectional radiator, is arranged, for example, with three positions displaced from each other by an angle of 120 ° around the central axis and forming a triangular cross section when viewed from above in the axial direction. It has an antenna array device. Due to the antenna structure, each antenna array has an azimuth angle region (azimuth angle where a flying object such as a satellite or an airplane moves) as an operating range.

  Various conventional radiators and radiator devices, such as dipoles, so-called vector dipoles, patch radiators, etc. can be provided in the corresponding antenna. A so-called dual-polarized vector radiator is known from, for example, Patent Document 2.

  Each of the three antenna arrays provided to be displaced from each other in the angular direction or the circumferential direction has, for example, a plurality of dual-polarized radiator devices arranged at equal intervals and overlapping each other in the height direction. Power is supplied to each dual-polarized radiator via a suitable power supply. A circulating current may be supplied to each radiator. In addition to being arranged perpendicular to each other as usual, it is preferable to arrange the two polarization planes at an angle of + 45 ° or −45 ° with respect to a horizontal or vertical arrangement plane.

  In addition, as a part of a receiving system that processes a plurality of input / output signals, each segmented antenna can be configured to be capable of multi-input multi-output (MIMO).

  A vertically polarized antenna is also known from Patent Document 3, for example. A vertically polarized antenna has a vertical elongated support structure with a plurality of dipoles, which are arranged at various heights along the support structure and connected to a coaxial current supply cable. In the structure, one dipole is provided for each height. In particular, the dipole is divided into two series arranged one after the other on the structure, and is attached on a coplanar surface and precisely on a colinear line. Since the dipoles in the two series are arranged in opposite directions, the two groups of horizontally polarized components are arranged in opposite directions. In this case, the phase centers of the two series of dipoles are matched, that is, a small interval that can be centered is formed between the two series of dipoles, and two groups of horizontally polarized components are arranged, and the ground plane to the dipole is arranged. Based on the action, the phase can be slightly shifted (phase shift).

  In addition, a vertically polarized omnidirectional radiator that emits or receives only with a single polarization but cannot perform multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) is also known. For example, a vertically polarized omnidirectional radiator having three or four plate-like reflecting / radiating elements (panels) is formed in the same plane around the antenna tower for the purpose of omnidirectional radiation diagrams (diagrams). Connected to each other. It is also possible to obtain a better omnidirectionality by rotating each other and connecting a plurality of planes. At that time, only good omnidirectional radiation characteristics can be achieved only in the small frequency region (disappearance due to the phase of the geometric arrangement occurs).

A multi-frequency band (multi-section) antenna is also known from Patent Document 4, for example. Multiple conductor (element) antennas that produce different directing effects in the horizontal plane can be used to radiate a single radio beam in the desired direction. At least one of the conductor antennas arranged in the vertical plane is arranged at a height different from the height of the other conductor antennas. The conductor antenna is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of the sector antenna.
A conventional omnidirectional antenna is disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,369,774. This publication discloses, for example, antennas that each have three dipole antennas arranged in regions that overlap and are separated from each other along the X axis, and each dipole antenna is considered as a single element and acts as a reflector.
Three dipole antennas are spaced apart from each other along the X axis, each dipole antenna is surrounded by a high impedance first medium, and a second impedance having a lower impedance than the first medium. The medium can surround each dipole with a high impedance medium to reliably achieve decoupling between the antennas.
In another embodiment, a sector antenna is provided that has three patch radiators spaced 120 degrees apart and spaced from each other along the X axis.
Also, an individual radiator having a vector dipole is known from International Publication No. WO2008 / 017386A1. This individual radiator is mounted in front of a reflector that is specially and rectangularly shaped when viewed from the top, with all four side edges of the reflector being surrounded by a reflector outer edge, the reflector outer edge being a reflective It projects transversely to the container plane, in particular perpendicularly and radially.
Further, in the above publication, a necessary route guidance type (vector) radiator is arranged in each reflector region arranged in an overlapping manner, and each radiator is provided by a reflector outer edge of the route guidance type radiator similarly to each radiator. A single columnar antenna that surrounds the periphery of the outer edge with all four side edges is disclosed. In this structure, the reflector outer edge is used for radio beam shaping.
An omnidirectional antenna forming the basic concept is known from EP-A-0802579A2. This publication shows an antenna having three reflector planes arranged in an axial direction and displaced by an angle of 120 ° relative to each other, for example. The three reflector planes cross along the central axis and within the central axis when viewed from above in the axial direction. Necessary radiators are arranged in front of the reflector plane. This reflector can be used as a dual-polarized radiator mounted in the part formed by the reflector outer edge extending around the radiator in front of the reflector.
The publication also describes a pair of mutually parallel reflector planes, where each of the pair of reflector planes is oriented at a different azimuth angle and axially displaced from one another along the central axis. This opens up the possibility that a suitable radiator can be placed on the opposite side of two reflectors extending parallel and spaced apart. In this case, the central axis passes between two reflector planes extending parallel to each other of the pair of reflectors.

International Publication No. WO2011 / 120090A European Patent No. 1057224B1 German Patent Application Publication No. 60019412T2 German Patent Application Publication No. 69734172T2

  An object of the present invention is to provide an omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna or a collective antenna having an assembly volume as small as possible and an omnidirectional radiation characteristic improved from the conventional one.

  According to the present invention having the essential constituent features described in claim 1, the above-described problems are solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

  Unlike the prior art of the basic concept of arranging the antenna arrays at the same height, the solution of the present invention is a plurality of, for example three, radiating with an angle displacement of 120 ° relative to each other and in particular with respect to each other in the vertical mounting direction. The sector antenna apparatus is provided. That is, (unlike the prior art that forms the basic concept), each sector antenna is mounted on the central axis or mounting axis in reverse or cross with respect to the radiation direction, and evenly on various sector antennas when viewed from above The phase center can finally be placed. The phase center is the electronic reference point of the antenna that is perceived to transmit electromagnetic antenna radiation as seen from the reception area.

  Therefore, since the reference points of all the sector antennas are the same, the omnidirectional radiation characteristic can be clearly improved.

  Since all the sector antennas are arranged in the vicinity of the central vertical axis or the mounting axis, an antenna device having an overall reduced diameter—although the overall height is particularly large in the vertical direction—is obtained. Within the technical scope of the present invention, the overall device diameter is much smaller than a conventional antenna, so the visual impact of the entire device is also small. Also, with the solution of the present invention, the wind load is also reduced.

  Within the technical scope of the present invention, the sector antenna can be further improved by providing a decoupling device between two sector antennas arranged adjacent to each other along the central axis. Preferably, the decoupling device comprises a reflector outer edge that is disposed transverse to the reflector plane of the attached reflector. A reflector of this type in which a decoupling device is provided on the outer edge of the reflector is known, for example, from DE 10316787 A1. This kind of reflector has a normal single columnar movement which comprises at least two reflector units each having a lateral longitudinal outer edge and a lateral outer edge extending between adjacent radiator devices and can be unitized throughout the reflector. Type wireless antenna.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical central axis passes through the total reflector plane or the spacing between the reflector plane and the vertical central axis is much smaller than the conventional spacing, and at least one of each sector antenna. The reflector plane is arranged near the central axis. That is, it can be considered that the central area of the reflector plane of the corresponding reflector device of the sector antenna is at least approximate to the normal phase center.

  Therefore, within the technical scope of the present invention, there is an advantage that the phase center of the entire apparatus can be regarded as the same as the phase center of each antenna on the plan view. Thereby, the group factor (group factor) of the entire apparatus does not depend on the frequency, and the omnidirectional radiation characteristic diagram becomes an extremely wide frequency band (and is therefore also suitable for the two types of frequency band antennas). The concentricity of the entire device depends only on the half-wave width of each antenna.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides an optimized decoupling structure for individual radiators or directional antennas. For example, a reflector outer edge that circulates in whole or in part is arranged transversely to each reflector plane, and a decoupling structure is formed on the reflector outer edge formed between the sector antennas arranged vertically. Can be provided.

  Further, within the technical scope of the present invention, not only an omnidirectional single frequency band antenna but also, for example, an omnidirectional two-frequency band (dual band) antenna or a plurality of (multi) frequency band antennas, and further two (dual) An omnidirectional multi-frequency band antenna that can transmit and / or receive with a polarization antenna or a cycle polarization antenna can also be realized.

  For example, the invention can be achieved using suitable radiators and radiator devices of the so-called dipole radiator type, vector radiator type or patch radiator type known from eg EP 1082728 B1 and EP 1470615 B1. It is preferable to realize an omnidirectional dual (dual) polarization antenna. In particular, the last cited document shows an umbrella-shaped large-sized two-polarization radiator with a column and a small two-polarization radiator for a high frequency band region arranged in the center.

  In the preferred and advanced embodiments of the present invention, for example, other sector antennas that radiate in the opposite or cross direction at the location where the sector antenna is provided are used to reduce the proprietary space. However, the number of radiators can be increased. Accordingly, approximately twice as many sector antennas that radiate in the opposite direction or the crossing direction can be provided at each mounting position.

  A plurality of single frequency band radiators, dual frequency band radiators or multiple frequency band radiators or radiator devices are arranged in each columnar antenna, usually in a vertically overlapping arrangement or alternatively like a normal antenna You can also. In that case, the columnar antennas having a plurality of radiators that are displaced in the circumferential direction around the central axis and arranged in a superposed manner can be arranged at different azimuth angles. As mentioned above, the number of radiators can be doubled by arranging the radiator devices in the opposite or cross direction with respect to each reflector plane (and thus displaced by 180 °).

  For example, when using two columnar antennas having the required radiator device, a common plane disposed at the phase center of the column antenna or a common plane disposed at least approximately at the phase center is defined with the central axis. It is preferable to pass through or in the vicinity of the central axis.

  However, in the advanced form of the present invention, unlike the above embodiment, the radiator apparatus is displaced radially outward with respect to the vertical central axis at the same height position, and is further one or twice as many other sectors. An antenna can also be provided. In other words, in this type of, for example, a two-post antenna device (such as a sector antenna), the radiator is placed in close proximity to the center axis of the antenna device accurately or as closely as possible. For example, the radiator device disposed in the second columnar antenna is displaced in the radial direction, that is, in the lateral direction with respect to the central axis. Not symmetric about the axis. Thereby, another advantage can be provided even when other sector antennas are arranged radially away from the vertical central axis. As a result, the multi-column antenna with high multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) mode has the best omnidirectional characteristics of radiation characteristics that can be operated in a wide frequency band, although the phase centers are not identical. Can be realized.

  Other advantages, details and features of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below.

The perspective view which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention of the antenna which can operate | move in an omnidirectional two polarization multiple frequency band Axial schematic plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. Plan view of FIG. 2 with the reflector removed The perspective view which shows the deformation | transformation embodiment of the antenna (sector antenna apparatus) which has two sector antennas arrange | positioned in the opposite direction, and provided each sector antenna with the common reflector arrange | positioned in a symmetrical plane Top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a Top view of FIG. 4b with the reflector removed 1 is a perspective view showing an antenna (an omnidirectional radiator) having three sector antennas that radiate and / or receive radio waves within a single frequency band, different from FIG. Axial schematic plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. Top view of FIG. 6 with the reflector removed The perspective view which shows another embodiment different from FIGS. 5-7 which are arrange | positioned mutually displaced from the center direction and which has two radiators per single columnar sector antenna Plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. Top view of FIG. 9 with the reflector removed FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another embodiment different from FIG. 8 in which two columnar antennas are provided per sector antenna and two radiators are provided on each columnar antenna arranged in the center. Axial schematic plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. The top view of FIG. 12 with the reflector removed. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment in which two columnar antennas of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 are displaced laterally from the central axis. Axial schematic plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. Plan view of FIG. 15 with the reflector removed. Unlike the previous embodiment, an omnidirectional radiator having a plurality of sector antennas having two radiators mounted on a common reflector wall and displaced by 180 ° around the central axis in each height region The perspective view which shows embodiment of Axial schematic plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. The top view of FIG. 17 with the reflector removed. An axial plan view showing a modified embodiment different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in which each sector antenna is spaced apart from the central axis 1 by a slight displacement in the radial direction. Unlike FIGS. 6 and 20, each sector antenna has a slight lateral displacement relative to the central axis extending on the radiator side of the sector antenna and parallel to the reflector wall, not on the rear side of the reflector. Plan view in the axial direction of another modified embodiment in which Schematic plan view showing a conventional antenna device in which three sector antennas are arranged at the same height and at an angle of 120 ° from each other.

  A first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described below.

  In the present specification, the vertical central axis 1, which is also referred to as an attachment shaft or an attachment line, is indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 1.

  In the illustrated embodiment, the three sector antennas 5 that radiate or receive radio waves (wireless) are separated from each other in the azimuth direction (direction in which a flying object such as a satellite or an airplane moves) by 120 ° in the circumferential direction. And they are arranged so as to overlap each other in the height direction.

  As shown in FIG. 1, three sector antennas 5 are arranged at different heights (unlike the conventional structure shown in FIG. 22) but displaced in the direction of the vertical central axis 1 or the mounting line 1. The

  For the purpose of radiating or receiving radio waves, each sector antenna 5 arranged in the columnar antenna (antenna column) 6 includes, for example, a dual polarized radiator 7 for a higher first frequency band (high band), And another dual-polarized radiator 9 for a lower frequency band (low band).

  A vector radiator for a high frequency band basically includes, for example, the structure disclosed in European Patent No. 1057224B4 or German Patent Application Publication No. 19860121A1.

  A dual-polarization radiator (also referred to as a “vector dipole” in the present specification) for a high frequency band is disposed, for example, inside an umbrella-shaped dipole with a so-called symmetrical support, and the umbrella-shaped dipole is also two-polarized. It is configured as a radiator and is suitable for transmission and reception in the low frequency band due to its large antenna dimensions. This type of radiator is basically known, for example, from EP 1 470 615 B1.

  When looking at each reflector 11 attached on the front side of FIG. 1 vertically, the two radiators 7 and 9 are mounted in the same position, and in the embodiment shown, the reflector 11 is a reflector plane 13. It has a reflector wall 13 which is arranged inside and attached behind the radiators 7, 9, and a reflector outer edge 15 is arranged around the radiators 7, 9. The reflector outer edge 15 is preferably provided as a part of the entire reflector 11 and as a boundary around the radiators 7 and 9 in a direction transverse to the reflector plane 13 ′ and perpendicularly in the illustrated embodiment. The reflector outer edge 15 can realize an optimally decoupled antenna structure that optimally decouples each sector antenna 5 with respect to the sector antenna 5 adjacent to the lower side or the upper side (reducing circuit coupling between the reflectors 11).

  In addition, at least one reflector outer edge 15 ′ arranged in a direction transverse to the reflector plane 13 ′ of the sector antenna 5 in question, preferably in the vertical direction, is provided in the decoupled reflector structure, 15 ′ is arranged between two adjacent sector antennas 5. A reflector outer edge 15 ′ projecting laterally of the reflector 11 extends in the lateral direction and particularly perpendicular to the central axis 1, which is a connection line, and serves particularly for decoupling to the adjacent sector antenna 5.

  Also, in the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate reflector 17 can be placed in the intermediate reflector plane 17 ′ parallel to the back reflector wall 13 and spaced apart by a certain distance, the intermediate reflector plane 17 ′ being Designed with a size smaller than the dual-polarized radiator 9 ′ for the low frequency region and in the center opening 17a formed in the intermediate reflector 17 or in a balanced position relative to the center opening 17a Corresponding vector radiators 7 can be arranged without electrical or electrochemical contact.

  The three sector antennas 5 provided in the embodiment shown in the perspective view of FIG. 1 are arranged around the vertical central axis 1 with an angle of 120 ° from each other. All antenna structures are basically the same, but of course they may be different structures.

  In the illustrated embodiment, each sector antenna 5 configured in a single-column (single column) sector antenna format, that is, each corresponding antenna system 5, has electromagnetic waves (radio waves, A single corresponding radiator device transmitting the radio). As will be described later, two or more sector antennas can be assembled in a sector antenna array state (array) in a common column antenna (antenna column) 6 in the vertical direction. It is also possible to provide other antenna systems or sector antennas arranged in the side, radial direction or in the mounting direction extending horizontally.

  In the embodiment shown, a vertical central axis 1 is arranged at the center of each reflector plane 13 ′ or at the center of each reflector wall 13. This ensures the phase center of each sector antenna 5 on the vertical central axis 1 or its approximate position when viewed from the upper axial direction of the reflector wall 13 'and the reflector wall 13 of each sector antenna 5 that are normally attached. Thus, an omnidirectional radiation / reception characteristic diagram (characteristic pattern) that is remarkably improved as compared with the prior art can be obtained.

  FIG. 4 shows dual separate radiators, ie dual sector antennas, that can be driven in each of the two frequency bands according to the illustrated embodiment. In the present embodiment, the reflector 11 having the reflector wall 13 is provided in the dual sector antenna 5, and the reflector wall 13 is disposed in a common reflector plane 13 ′ extending vertically above and below the drawing plane. Commonly disposed in the center of the heavy sector antenna 5. In other words, in the present embodiment, the two sector antennas 5 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the reflector plane 13 'while being separated from each other by an angle of 180 ° or displaced. In that case, a dual sector antenna 5 with a different structure can be realized which is mounted with an angle of 180 ° rotation (as in the previous embodiment), and each sector antenna 5 is designed with a large dimension (for example, a strut) A two-polarization radiator 9 for a low frequency band formed in the shape of an umbrella with a reflector 17 and a reflector 17 (Fig. Although not shown in FIG. 4, another similar dual-polarized vector radiator 7 can be provided which also comprises a reflector (also additionally provided in the reflector plane 17 ′).

  The illustrated structure including the dual sector antennas 5 that are displaced by an angle of 180 ° from each other can be applied to each of the three sector antennas shown in FIG. 1, and if applied to each sector antenna of FIG. A total of six radiators are accommodated on the same diameter of the antenna device formed in the axial structure. As a result, not only can the omnidirectional radiation characteristics be improved, but also a multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) structure can be realized.

  Next, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 having a structure basically similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described in detail. Or omnidirectional omnidirectional radiators using 9) (unlike FIGS. 1-3), which differs in that they can only be transmitted or received within a single frequency band. For example, FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 show a vector radiator or a vector dipole used in a high frequency band disclosed in German Patent No. 102004057774B4. As shown in the plan view from above along the central axis, in particular, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, all the three sector antennas 5 shown in FIG. It is displaced and arranged. This kind of omnidirectional radiator can be basically arranged as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, and transmission and / or reception can be performed with two types of polarization in each desired frequency band. Also, instead of the illustrated two-polarization vector dipole, other suitable radiator devices such as, for example, patch radiators can be used.

  FIGS. 8 to 10 are modifications of the above-described embodiment. In FIG. 8 to FIG. 10, a single columnar antenna 6 is provided in each sector antenna 5 and two dual-polarized radiators 7 arranged apart from each other along the vertical central axis. An embodiment in which 9 is provided in each columnar antenna 6 is shown. The spacing between radiators 7 and 9 is determined by the normally selected antenna frequency band to be radiated and / or received. If the central driving frequency of the corresponding frequency band is λ, the distance between the radiators 7 and 9 is a value between λ / 2 and λ, for example, usually 0.7 to 0.75λ. In this embodiment, omnidirectional omnidirectionality for a single frequency band having at least two dual-polarized radiators in which the respective sector antennas 5 are arranged so as to overlap each other in the mounting direction, that is, the normal vertical central axis 1 A dual polarized radiator is shown. In other words, the principle can be extended to a structure in which a necessary number of radiators such as three, four, etc. are arranged on each other along the vertical central axis 1. Further, in the other embodiments shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the sector antennas can be arranged by being angularly displaced from each other around the central axis 1.

  The embodiment of FIGS. 8 to 10 also shows a single frequency band antenna having a plurality of dual-polarized radiators arranged along the central axis 1. Also in the present embodiment, each sector antenna is configured as a dual-polarized two-frequency band (dual-band) antenna, a dual-polarized three-frequency band (tri-band) antenna, or generally a dual-polarized multiple-frequency band (multi-band) antenna. can do. For example, as basically known from European Patent No. 1082782B1 (corresponding to International Publication No. WO99 / 062139A1), for example, radiators in each sector antenna 5 in two (or more) frequency bands When radiating, different radiator spacings are usually selected between each radiator depending on the drive wavelength. This is, for example, in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 1 or FIG. 8 and is displaced in the same mounting direction with two dual-polarized radiators 9 for the low frequency band that are separated along the central axis 1. The three dual-polarized radiators 7 arranged for the high frequency band are provided in each sector antenna 5, for example, a high frequency band (for example, a double frequency compared to a low frequency band (for example, 900 MHz band)) In the 1800 MHz band), two dual-polarized radiators 7 for the high frequency band are attached to the center position of the center of the two dual-polarized radiators 9 for the low frequency band (shown in FIG. 1). A third dual-polarized radiator 7 for the high frequency band can be disposed between the center of the band radiator and the high frequency band radiator.

  Next, a further modified view showing three sector antennas 5 which are basically spaced apart from each other by an angle of 120 ° and which are displaced from each other in the vertical direction along the central axis 1 as in all other embodiments. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 will be described in detail. Unlike the previous embodiment, the illustrated omnidirectional omnidirectional radiator is not disposed only in the single columnar antenna 6, but is a dual-polarized radiator disposed in each of the two columnar antennas 6. Are provided with three sector antennas 5. Further, basically in the same manner as in the previous embodiment, preferably, at least one or a plurality of single frequency band (monoband) radiators, two frequency bands (dual Band) radiators or generally multiple frequency band (multiband) radiators can be placed in each columnar antenna.

  In that case, the reflector wall 13 of the reflector 11 is arranged in the same reflector plane 13 ′ for each of the two columnar antennas 6 of each sector antenna 5. The corresponding reflector outer edge 15 provided in each column (column) device includes a reflector outer edge 15 ′ arranged transversely with respect to the central axis 1 and around all radiators 7 and 9 belonging to the columnar antenna. The disposed reflector outer edge 15 can form decoupling with respect to the adjacent sector antenna. For example, unlike FIG. 8 or FIG. 11, a reflector outer edge extending in the lateral direction may be further provided as needed between each radiator 7 or 9 in each columnar antenna 6.

  In the modified embodiment shown in FIG. 11, an antenna outer edge 15 ″ extending in the central axial direction 1 is also provided between the two columnar antennas 6.

  The interval between the central longitudinal axes passing through each columnar antenna 6 corresponds to a normal interval, for example, between λ / 2 and λ with respect to the center drive frequency. Appropriate values are in some cases between 0.65λ and 0.75λ, for example 0.7λ [for single frequency band (monoband) antennas, corresponding to the center drive frequency; two frequency band (dual band) antennas Then, a center frequency having a frequency lower than the reference amount is used for λ].

  In the above embodiment, since the two columnar antennas 6 are arranged for each vertical symmetry plane (perpendicular to the reflector plane 13 ′), an accurate separation point between the two columnar antennas 6 or At the coupling point, the vertical central axis 1 passes through the reflector plane 13 ′. That is, each vertical symmetry axis 1 between adjacent columnar antennas 6 extends parallel (parallel) to the attached reflector plane 13 '. Thereby, the phase center of the sector antenna 5 (having radiators in the two columnar antennas 6) is arranged in the central axis 1 or at least approximately the central axis when viewed from the whole omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna It can be considered that it was placed near 1.

  14 to 16 include three sector antennas 5 each having two columnar antennas 6 and single or plural radiators 7 and 9 provided in each columnar antenna 6. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, three sector antennas 5 are arranged in the vertical direction along the central axis 1 and displaced from each other, and three symmetry planes in the vertical direction of the three sector antennas 5 are arranged. An embodiment of an omnidirectional omni-directional radiator in which columnar antennas 6 are arranged by intersecting (perpendicular to each reflector plane 13 ′) within the central axis 1 is shown. Each of the second columnar antennas 6 is displaced to the radially outer side of the side asymmetrically with respect to the central axis 1, so in FIGS. 15 and 16 viewed from above, FIGS. The arrangement of is different. In the present embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, the radiators 7 and 9 are arranged in at least one additional columnar antenna 6 to be displaced in the lateral or radial direction. Additional radiators 7, 9 can be reliably provided. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, similarly to the embodiment of FIGS. 14 to 16, each sector antenna 5 having at least two columnar antennas shown in the figure is arranged in the lateral direction, that is, with respect to the central axis 1. They can be arranged vertically and at different positions, and are not necessarily arranged only at the positions shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 and 14 to 16. The sector antenna 5 can be placed in any other different relative position at various adjustment positions perpendicular to the central axis. However, when the corresponding sector antenna having at least one or at least two columnar antennas is viewed from above, it always overlaps with the sector antenna 5 having one, two, or multiple (multiple) columnar antennas. It is effective to arrange the central axis 1 at the center.

  Exactly in the same manner, for example, two columnar antennas 6 can be arranged at different positions in the horizontal direction with respect to the central axis 1 such as an intermediate position in another region.

  In the above-described embodiment in which a plurality of radiators are used per sector antenna, the omnidirectional omnidirectional signal is particularly omnidirectional even when a two-column (two-column) or multi-column (multi-column) antenna arrangement state (antenna array) is used. The multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) performance (adaptivity) of the radiating radiator can be realized or further expanded and improved. In that case, the improved multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) performance ensures the best possible omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

  FIG. 4 shows a sector in which the required radiator structure having the reflector 11 and the reflector wall 13 is provided on both sides almost symmetrically (mirror image shape) so that the number of radiators can be doubled at each position of the sector antenna. The antenna 5 is shown. The principle of increasing the sector antenna having the basic structure described with reference to FIG. 4 can be realized in all the embodiments. 17 to FIG. 19 will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 19, which correspond to the principle of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 and have special characteristics capable of realizing the basic concept described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, approximately twice as many sector antennas 5 are provided that are displaced in the direction of an angle of 180 ° and directed in opposite directions at three height regions, and one, two, or three or more columnar antennas are provided. A double radiator arrangement with single or multiple single frequency band radiators or multiple frequency band radiators in it is obtained, but it is always columnar when using dual or annular polarized radiators. The radiator can be provided in an antenna.

  As described above, the basic antenna structure in which the phase centers of all column antennas arranged at least normally along the central axis 1 and continuously with each other coincide with each other in the central axis 1 or at least in the vicinity of the central axis 1 Is provided. In that case, the phase center is usually arranged in the reflector plane 13 ′ of the reflector wall 13. When viewed from above, the reflector 11 of each sector antenna is usually arranged around the central axis 1 with the reflector 11 and the reflector wall 13 overlapping and intersecting at least partially along the central axis 1. The conventional omnidirectional radiating antenna device has a structure in which radiators 9 having triangular cross-sections are vertically stacked as viewed from above (a reflector plane is disposed on the side of an isosceles triangle). And the center axis 1 is smaller than the normal distance between each reflector plane 13 ′, the reflector wall 13 and the center axis x and the phase center of the conventional omnidirectional radiating antenna device, and is half of the distance. Larger is clearly preferred.

  Therefore, within the technical scope of the present invention, it is smaller than 15% of the lateral width (column width) B of each columnar antenna 6, especially from 10%, 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%. It is preferable to arrange the reflector wall 13 or each reflector plane 13 'with a radial distance (interval) from the central axis 1 which is small and in particular smaller than 1% (FIG. 1, 8 or 11).

  The embodiment includes all the structures in which the central axis 1 is arranged in each reflector plane 13 ′ of the reflector wall 13 of the reflector 11 of each sector antenna 5. However, the reflector 11 and the reflector wall of each sector antenna may be arranged by being displaced with a radial interval apart from the central axis, so that if the separation interval from the central axis is not excessively large, The advantages based on the invention can always be realized. Therefore, the reflection from the central axis is smaller than 15% of the lateral width B of the columnar antenna 6, especially smaller than 10%, 8%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and especially smaller than 1%. A spacing between the wall 13 or each reflector plane 13 'is preferred.

  FIG. 20 shows an arrangement state of the reflector planes 13 ′ arranged with a small radial displacement from the central axis 1 in accordance with the gist. In this type of arrangement, a free space is formed between the three sector antennas arranged at different heights when viewed from above, for example, an antenna tower that is penetrated by the central axis 1 is arranged in the free space. The structure to be obtained is obtained.

FIG. 21 shows each sector antenna arranged displaced in the negative direction. The associated reflector plane 13 ′ of the reflector wall 13 is arranged displaced from the central axis 1 penetrating the reflector outer edge. In other words, the central axis 1 is arranged on the radiator 7 and / or radiator 9 side of the reflector plane 13 ′ (in the embodiment of FIG. 20, the reflector wall 13 opposite to the radiator 7/9) Center axis 1 extends to the back side).

  In order to fully understand the present invention, FIG. 22 shows an axial plane of a conventional antenna in which three sector antennas 5 are arranged at the same height and separated by an angle of 120 ° around the central axis. In the structure of FIG. 22 in which the reflector walls are arranged at a large distance from the central axis 1, the sector antenna and in particular its reflector 11 or the reflector wall 13 do not overlap or intersect with each other when viewed from above.

  In order to realize an optimal decoupling structure for each radiator 5 or directional antenna 5, i.e. single or multiple sector antennas 5, the reflectors against the reflector wall 13 or the reflector plane 13 'of the entire reflector 11 The outer edge 15 or 15 'extends laterally and vertically. When the center frequency of the monoband radiator is λ, it is preferable to give the reflector outer edge height R to the reflector outer edge 15 or 15 ′ greater than 0.05λ. In a two-frequency band (dual-band) radiator device or a multi-frequency band (multi-band) radiator device, λ is the center frequency of the lowest frequency band. The height or width R of the side wall or side outer edge 15, 15 'of the reflector 11 relative to the reflector plane 13' is usually not higher than the height or width H1 of the radiator 7 from the reflector plane 13 'and the reflector plane. It must not be higher than the height H2 of radiator 9 from 13 '(Fig. 4).

  In other words, in the illustrated embodiment, the reflector outer edge height R of the reflector outer edges 15, 15 'and 15 "is, as is apparent from FIG. 2 or FIG. Of a vertically polarized dipole radiator or vector radiator 9 which is smaller than the height or width H2 of the vertically polarized dipole radiator or vector radiator 9 and higher for a higher frequency band. It is even lower than the height H1.

  In the embodiment, detailed description of each power feeding system is omitted. The corresponding radiators and antennas are usually individually fed via coaxial cables for two polarization planes perpendicular to each other and for single or multiple frequency bands. Similarly, power combiners / distributors that divide or split or aggregate or superimpose commonly fed power frequencies can also be used. In that sense, referring to a known solution, a multi-input / multi-output (MIMO) drive of the sector antenna 5 could be realized as well.

  In addition, sector antennas belonging to the omnidirectional radiator and radiating or receiving exclusively with polarized waves (antennas that divide a transmission / reception area into fan shapes) can be connected to each other via a feeding network [this specification is a fan type It does not apply to transmission / reception (sector) drive]. When providing a sector antenna for transmitting and / or receiving in two polarization planes perpendicular to each other, a common polarization plane (eg, + 45 ° or -45 ° direction relative to the horizontal) via a feed network ) Can be connected to each other.

  (1) ・ ・ Center axis, (5) ・ Sector antenna, (6) ・ ・ Columnar antenna, (7,9) ・ ・ Double polarized radiator, (11) ・ ・ Reflector, (13) ・Reflector wall, (13 ') ... reflector plane, (15,15', 15 ") ... reflector outer edge,

Claims (17)

In the omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna in which at least three sector antennas (5) are arranged separated from each other in the circumferential direction around the central axis (1) and separated by angular displacement,
Each sector antenna (5) has at least one columnar antenna (6) with an attached reflector (11), and at least partially includes the reflector (11) in the reflector plane (13 '). And at least one dual-polarized radiator (7, 9) in the columnar antenna (6) in front of the reflector (11),
Having a feeding device coupled to the sector antenna (5),
Place the sector antenna (5) displaced along each other along the central axis (1),
In each reflector plane (13 ′) of the reflector (11), the reflector wall (13) of the sector antenna (5) is arranged so as to intersect along the central axis (1) when viewed in the axial direction,
A decoupling device is provided between two sector antennas (5) arranged adjacent to each other and displaced along the central axis (1),
The distance between the reflector plane (13 ′) of the sector antenna (5) and the central axis (1) is set to be smaller than 15% of the lateral width (B) of the attached columnar antenna (6), and the central axis (1 ) Parallel to and spaced from the reflector wall (13) or reflector plane (13 '),
An omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna, characterized in that the central axis (1) extends toward the radiator (7, 9) side of the reflector plane (13 ').   The central axis (1) passes through the reflector outer edge (15, 15 ') and is displaced from the central axis (1) to dispose an associated reflector plane (13') of the reflector wall (13). 2. The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to 1.   An interval smaller than 10% of the width (B) of the attached columnar antenna (6) is provided between the reflector plane (13 ') of the sector antenna (5) and the central axis (1), and the reflector wall (13 ) Or reflector plane (13 ') parallel to the central axis, the omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1 or 2.   The central axis (1) extends through the phase center, or the sector antenna (5) is arranged away from the central axis with an interval smaller than 15% of the gap width (B) of the attached columnar antenna (6). The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   5. The decoupling device according to claim 1, wherein the decoupling device is provided with at least one reflector outer edge (15, 15 ') arranged transversely to the reflector plane (13') of the corresponding reflector (11). The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to item 1.   The height of the reflector outer edge (15,15 ′, 15 ″) is 0.05λ with respect to the center frequency λ in the single frequency band antenna or the low center frequency in the two frequency bands or the multiple frequency band antennas. Larger than the height (H1) of the dual-polarized radiator (7) with respect to the reflector plane (13 ') of the corresponding reflector (11) of each sector antenna (5) and / or The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to claim 5, wherein the omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna is smaller than a height (H2) of the dual-polarized radiator (9).   Each sector antenna (5) is closed around the sector antenna (5) at the outer edge of the reflector (11), or a reflector outer edge (15) having an interruption portion is provided on each sector antenna (5), and the reflector outer edge (15, 15 ' The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the sector antenna (5) is surrounded by a vertical axis.   The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each sector antenna (5) is configured as a single frequency band antenna, two kinds of frequency band antennas or a plurality of frequency band antennas.   A second sector antenna (5) facing in the opposite direction at an angle of 180 ° is provided in the area of each sector antenna (5) and has a common reflector (11), in particular a common reflector plane (13 ′). The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the reflector wall (13) is suitably provided for the second sector antenna.   Any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each sector antenna (5) is provided with a plurality of dual-polarized radiators (7, 9) that are displaced from each other along the central axis (1) and are arranged in the columnar antenna (6). The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1.   The sector antenna (5) has at least two columnar antennas (6) arranged in parallel to each other, separated from each other in the direction of the columnar antenna (6), and at least one dual-polarized radiation in each columnar antenna. The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a radiator (7, 9) and preferably a plurality of dual-polarized radiators (7, 9) are arranged.   The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to claim 11, wherein the dual-polarized radiators (7, 9) in each columnar antenna (6) of the sector antenna (5) are arranged at the same height position.   The omnidirectional dual-polarized wave according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the interval between the columnar antennas (6) is set between 0.65λ and 0.75λ, where λ is the center frequency of the lowest frequency band. antenna.   The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein at least two columnar antennas (6) of each sector antenna (5) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis (1).   Each columnar antenna (6) of the sector antenna (5) is arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis (1) and displaced at least 1 in the radial direction, lateral direction or lateral direction with respect to the central axis (1). The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein two other columnar antennas (6) are arranged.   A plurality of dual-polarized radiators (7, 9) arranged in a single or different columnar antenna (6) are driven as multi-input / multi-output antennas. Directional dual-polarized antenna.   The omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the dual-polarized radiator (7, 9) can be driven in a single frequency band, two kinds of frequency bands, or a plurality of frequency bands.

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