JP6007700B2 - Glass antenna and window glass - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a glass antenna provided on a window glass of a vehicle and a window glass provided with the glass antenna.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known as prior art documents related to a glass antenna provided on a window glass of a vehicle. Patent Document 1 discloses a glass antenna having reception characteristics that can handle terrestrial digital television broadcast waves (470 to 710 MHz), and Patent Document 2 discloses FM broadcast waves (Japan: 76 to 90 MHz, United States: 88). A glass antenna having a reception characteristic compatible with (˜108 MHz) is disclosed.

JP 2009-49706 A JP 2001-127519 A

  However, since digital terrestrial television broadcasting is horizontally polarized, the glass antenna of Patent Document 1 can handle vertically polarized media such as Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) band III (174 to 240 MHz). It is difficult to obtain a good reception characteristic. Further, since the bandwidth (66 MHz) of band III is wider than the bandwidth (32 MHz) of FM broadcasting (76 to 108 MHz), the glass antenna of Patent Document 2 has a wider bandwidth than FM broadcasting such as band III. It is difficult to obtain reception characteristics that are compatible with media.

  The present invention is provided with a glass antenna and a glass antenna capable of easily obtaining reception characteristics compatible with a vertically polarized medium such as DAB band III and having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band. The purpose is to provide window glass.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
A glass antenna provided on a window glass of a vehicle,
First and second power feeding units arranged one above the other, a first antenna conductor connected to the first power feeding unit, and a second antenna conductor connected to the second power feeding unit And
The first antenna conductor is:
Including a first antenna element connected to the first power feeding portion directly or via a first connection element and extending in the left-right direction;
The second antenna conductor is
A second antenna element that is connected to the second power feeding portion directly or via a second connection element and formed in a loop shape, and is connected to the second antenna element via a third connection element And a third antenna element extending along the second antenna element so as to be capacitively coupled to the second antenna element, and connected to the third antenna element and to the second antenna element A glass antenna and a window glass provided with the glass antenna are provided, including a fourth antenna element extending on the opposite side to the second power feeding unit.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that are compatible with media having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band, such as DAB band III.

It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. It is a top view of the glass antenna of one form. Measured data of antenna gain in band III when L22 is changed Measured data of antenna gain in band III when L21 is changed Measured data of antenna gain in band III when L10 is changed Example of arrangement of glass antenna on side glass

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that, in the drawings for explaining the embodiments, when directions are not particularly described, the directions on the drawings are referred to, and the directions of the drawings correspond to the directions of symbols and numbers. Further, the directions such as parallel and right angles allow a deviation that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Further, the corner of the antenna conductor is not limited to a right angle but may be rounded like an arc. Moreover, each top view is a figure when the surface of a window glass is seen facing. Each plan view is a view of the interior of the vehicle with the window glass attached to the vehicle, but may be referred to as a view of the exterior of the vehicle. The vertical direction on each plan view corresponds to the vertical direction of the vehicle, and the lower side of each figure corresponds to the road surface side. Further, when the window glass is a side glass attached to the side portion of the vehicle, the left-right direction on the drawing corresponds to the vehicle front-rear direction. The window glass is not limited to the side glass, and may be a windshield attached to the front part of the vehicle or a rear glass attached to the rear part of the vehicle.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view of a glass antenna 100 for a vehicle according to a first embodiment. The glass antenna 100 includes a power feeding portion and an antenna conductor provided as a planar conductor pattern on the window glass 5 for a vehicle (see FIG. 11).

  The glass antenna 100 includes a first power feeding unit and a second power feeding unit that are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction as a conductor pattern of the power feeding unit. In FIG. 1, the power supply unit 1 is illustrated as the first power supply unit, and the power supply unit 2 is illustrated as the second power supply unit.

  The power feeding unit 2 is a power feeding point electrically connected to a signal path of a signal processing circuit (not shown) such as an amplifier via a predetermined first conductive member. The power feeding unit 1 is connected to an external ground path ( For example, the feeding point is electrically connected to the ground of the signal processing circuit or the vehicle body via a predetermined second conductive member. Alternatively, the power feeding unit 1 is electrically connected to a signal path of a signal processing circuit (not shown) such as an amplifier via a predetermined first conductive member, and the power feeding unit 2 is connected to an external earth path (for example, the It may be electrically connected to the ground of the signal processing circuit or the vehicle body via a predetermined second conductive member. That is, the glass antenna 100 is a bipolar antenna that includes the power feeding unit 1 and the power feeding unit 2 as a pair of power feeding points.

  The power feeding unit 1 is disposed above the power feeding unit 2. However, the power feeding unit 1 and the power feeding unit 2 may be arranged with their positions in the left-right direction shifted from the illustrated positional relationship.

  The glass antenna 100 includes a first antenna conductor connected to the first power feeding portion as an antenna conductor pattern. FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna conductor 10 connected to the power feeding unit 1 as the first antenna conductor.

  The first antenna conductor includes a first antenna element that is connected to the first feeding portion directly or via the first connection element and extends in the left-right direction. In FIG. 1, the connection element 41 extending in the vertical direction is illustrated as the first connection element, and the antenna element 11 extending in the left-right direction is illustrated as the first antenna element. The antenna conductor 10 includes a connection element 41 connected to the power feeding unit 1 and an antenna element 11 connected to the connection element 41.

  The connecting element 41 extends linearly upward from the upper right end a of the power feeding unit 1 and extends to the upper end b, which is the end of the upward extension. The antenna element 11 extends linearly to the right starting from the end b, and extends to the right end c, which is the end of the rightward extension.

  The glass antenna 100 includes a second antenna conductor connected to the second power feeding unit as an antenna conductor pattern. FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna conductor 20 connected to the power feeding unit 2 as the second antenna conductor.

  The second antenna conductor is connected to the second power feeding portion directly or via the second connection element and is formed in a loop shape, and a third connection to the second antenna element A third antenna element connected through the element and extending along the second antenna element so as to be capacitively coupled to the second antenna element, and connected to the third antenna element and the second antenna element. The second antenna element includes a fourth antenna element extending on the opposite side of the second power feeding portion with respect to the second antenna element.

  In FIG. 1, a connection element 42 extending in the left-right direction is illustrated as the second connection element, the antenna element 21 is illustrated as the second antenna element, and the third connection element extends in the vertical direction. The existing connection element 43 is illustrated, the antenna element 22 connected to the connection element 43 is illustrated as the third antenna element, and the antenna element 23 is illustrated as the fourth antenna element. The antenna conductor 20 includes a connection element 42 connected to the power feeding unit 2, an antenna element 21 connected to the connection element 42, a connection element 43 connected to the antenna element 21, and an antenna element connected to the connection element 43. 22 and an antenna element 23 connected to the antenna element 22.

  The connection element 42 extends linearly to the right starting from the end d on the upper right side of the power feeding unit 2 and extends to an end e that is a terminal end of the rightward extension.

  The antenna element 21 is a closed loop element formed in a loop shape by the partial elements 21a, 21b, 21c, and 21d. The antenna element 21 is formed in a vertically long rectangle having four end portions e, f, g, and h as corners. The shape of the closed loop of the antenna element 21 is not limited to a rectangle, but may be a quadrangle such as a square or other rectangular shape, a circle, or another polygon such as a pentagon. In particular, for reception of vertically polarized waves, a vertically long shape is preferable, and a vertically long rectangle that can include a vertically long antenna element is preferable.

  The connecting element 43 linearly extends downward from the lower left end h, which is a connection point where the left partial element 21d and the lower partial element 21c of the antenna element 21 are connected, and extends downward. It extends to the end j which is the end.

  The antenna element 22 is an L-shaped element formed in an L shape by the partial elements 22a and 22b. The partial element 22a extends in the left-right direction to the partial element 21c so as to be capacitively coupled to the partial element 21c on the lower side of the antenna element 21, and the partial element 22b is capacitively coupled to the partial element 21b on the right side of the antenna element 21. Thus, the partial element 21b extends in the vertical direction. The partial element 22a extends linearly from the end j to the right and extends to the end k, which is the end of the rightward extension. The partial element 22b extends upward from the end k. It extends | stretches linearly and it extends | stretches to the edge part 1 which is the termination | terminus part of extending | stretching upwards.

  The antenna element 23 is connected to the partial element 22b at the end l. The antenna element 23 extends linearly to the right starting from the end l, and extends to the end m, which is the end of the extension to the right. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the antenna element 23 extends toward the lower right.

  In addition, when the outer edge 6 of the area | region which can arrange | position another antenna conductor or the glass antenna 100 exists in the extending | stretching direction of the antenna conductor of this form, the antenna conductor of this form does not collide with other arbitrary conductors or the outer edge 6. Thus, it may have at least one of a straight part and a curved part that extend. For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the antenna element 23 has a portion that linearly extends in a direction along the outer edge 6. For example, the outer edge 6 may be an outer edge of the window glass 5 as shown in FIG. 11 or a vehicle body opening edge to which the window glass 5 is attached. The vehicle body opening edge is, for example, the edge of the vehicle body flange forming the window opening to which the window glass 5 is attached. Further, since the vehicle body opening edge and the interior material are installed along the masking film 7 described later, the outer edge 6 may be the masking film 7.

  As described above, in the case of the glass antenna 100 having the form illustrated in FIG. 1, the power feeding unit 2 is electrically connected to the signal path of a signal processing circuit (not shown) such as an amplifier via a predetermined first conductive member. And the power supply unit 1 is electrically connected to an external ground path via a predetermined second conductive member, or the power supply unit 1 is connected to a signal path of a signal processing circuit (not shown) such as an amplifier. Are electrically connected to each other through a predetermined first conductive member, and the power feeding unit 2 is electrically connected to an external ground path via a predetermined second conductive member, thereby allowing vertical polarization to occur. It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics compatible with media having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band (for example, DAB band III).

  Particularly, one or more elements (for example, the partial elements 21d, 21b, 22b, the connection elements 41, 43, etc.) among the plurality of elements constituting the antenna conductor are in relation to the ground plane (in particular, the horizontal plane). By providing the window glass 5 so as to have a vector component in the vertical direction, a vertically polarized radio wave such as band III can be received with higher sensitivity. The attachment angle of the window glass 5 with respect to the vehicle is, for example, preferably 20 to 90 °, particularly 30 to 90 ° with respect to the ground plane.

  Moreover, the 1st electric power feeding part and the 2nd electric power feeding part arranged up and down, the 1st antenna conductor connected to the 1st electric power feeding part, and the 2nd antenna conductor connected to the 2nd electric power feeding part Is a line-symmetric shape rotated with a virtual line extending in the left-right direction as a symmetry axis, for example, a virtual line in the left-right direction between the first feeding point and the second feeding point as a symmetry axis. May be. In addition, the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit are described so as to be positioned on the left side of the window glass 5, but the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit are positioned on the right side of the window glass 5. Thus, a virtual line extending in the up-down direction is used as a symmetry axis, for example, a line-symmetric shape rotated around a virtual line extending in the up-down direction passing through the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit as a symmetry axis. May be.

  As the conductive member, for example, a feed line such as an AV line or a coaxial cable is used. When a coaxial cable is used, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 2 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 1. Alternatively, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 1 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 2. Further, a configuration in which a male connector is attached to the tip of the coaxial cable and a female connector is mounted on the power feeding units 1 and 2 may be employed. With such a connector, it is easy to attach the inner conductor of the coaxial cable to the power feeding unit 2 and to attach the outer conductor of the coaxial cable to the power feeding unit 1. Further, a projecting conductive member is installed in each of the power feeding units 1 and 2 so that the projecting conductive member contacts and fits to a connection portion provided on a flange of the vehicle body to which the window glass 5 is attached. It is good also as a simple structure.

  Further, the “end portion” of the element may be the starting point or end point of the stretching of the element, or may be in the vicinity of the starting point or in the vicinity of the end point, which is a conductor portion before the starting point or end point. Moreover, the connection part of elements may be connected with a curvature.

  In addition, the antenna conductor and the power feeding portion are formed by printing and baking a paste containing a conductive metal such as a silver paste on the inside surface of a window glass, for example. However, the present invention is not limited to this forming method, and a linear or foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper may be formed on the vehicle inner surface or vehicle outer surface of the window glass. It may be attached by, for example, or may be provided inside the window glass itself.

  The shape of the power feeding unit may be determined according to the shape of the conductive member or the mounting surface of the connector. For example, a square shape or a polygonal shape such as a square, a substantially square, a rectangle, or a substantially rectangle is preferable for mounting. It may be a circle such as a circle, a substantially circle, an ellipse, or a substantially ellipse.

  Further, a conductor layer made of an antenna conductor may be provided inside or on the surface of the synthetic resin film, and the synthetic resin film with a conductor layer may be formed on the vehicle inner surface or vehicle outer surface of the window glass plate to form a glass antenna. Furthermore, it is good also as a glass antenna by forming the flexible circuit board in which the antenna conductor was formed in the vehicle inner surface or vehicle outer surface of a window glass.

  Further, a concealing film may be formed on the surface of the window glass, and a part or the whole of the feeding portion and the antenna conductor may be provided on the concealing film. The concealing film may be a ceramic such as a black ceramic film. In this case, when viewed from the outside of the window glass, the portion of the antenna conductor provided on the masking film by the masking film becomes invisible from the outside of the vehicle, and the window glass has an excellent design. In the configuration of FIG. 11, the feeding portion and a part of the antenna conductor are formed on the concealment film 7 (between the edge of the concealment film 7 and the outer edge 6 of the window glass 5). Only the part will be seen, which is preferable in terms of design.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view of a glass antenna 200 according to the second embodiment. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.

  The antenna element 22 is not limited to an L-shaped element as shown in FIG. 1, but may be an element extending in the left-right direction as shown in FIG. The antenna element 22 in FIG. 2 extends along the left-right direction to the partial element 21 c so as to be capacitively coupled to the partial element 21 c on the lower side of the antenna element 21. The antenna element 22 is connected to the connection element 43 at the end j, extends linearly from the end j to the right, and extends to the end l, which is the end of the extension to the right.

  The antenna element 23 is not limited to a linear element extending downward to the right as shown in FIG. 1, but may be an L-shaped element formed in an L shape by the partial elements 23a and 23b as shown in FIG. The partial element 23 a extends in the left-right direction, and the partial element 23 b extends in a direction along the outer edge 6. The partial element 23a is connected to the antenna element 22 at the end l, extends linearly to the right starting from the end l, and extends to the end n, which is the end of the rightward extension. The partial element 23b is connected to the partial element 23a at an end n, extends linearly in an oblique direction from the lower right to the upper left with the end n as a starting point, and is an end that is an end portion of the extension in the oblique direction Stretch to part m.

  The glass antenna 200 includes a third antenna conductor in the vicinity of at least one of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. FIG. 2 illustrates an antenna element 31 that is directly connected to the power feeding unit 1 as the third antenna conductor.

  The antenna element 31 is an auxiliary element that is connected to the upper left end o of the power feeding unit 1 and extends in the vertical direction. The antenna element 31 linearly extends upward starting from the end o, and extends to the end p, which is the end of the upward extension. When a third antenna conductor such as the antenna element 31 is provided, radio waves in a higher band (for example, DAB L band (1452-1492 MHz)) than the frequency band of digital terrestrial television broadcasting waves (470-710 MHz) are received. This is preferable in terms of improving the antenna gain. In addition, the antenna element 31 which is a 3rd antenna conductor is not limited to when providing in the form of FIG. For example, you may provide in the form of FIG.

  As described above, in the case of the glass antenna 200 having the form illustrated in FIG. 2 as in the above-described embodiment, a medium (for example, DAB band III) having a vertically polarized wave and a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band. It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that can cope with the above.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view of a glass antenna 300 according to the third embodiment. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.

  The connection element 43 is an element extending in the left-right direction. The connecting element 43 linearly extends to the left starting from an intermediate point i of the partial element 21d on the left side of the antenna element 21, and extends to an end j that is a terminal portion of the extension to the left. The intermediate point i exists between the end portions e and h, and does not necessarily have to be the center point between the end portions e and h.

  The antenna element 22 is not limited to an L-shaped element as shown in FIG. 1, but may be a U-shaped element formed into a U-shape as shown in FIG. The antenna element 22 of FIG. 3 is a U-shaped element formed in a U shape by the partial elements 22a, 22b, and 22c.

  The partial element 22 c extends in the vertical direction to the partial element 21 d so as to be capacitively coupled to the partial element 21 d on the left side of the antenna element 21, and the partial element 22 d is capacitively coupled to the partial element 21 c on the lower side of the antenna element 21. Thus, the partial element 21c extends in the left-right direction, and the partial element 22e extends in the vertical direction to the partial element 21b so as to be capacitively coupled to the partial element 21b on the right side of the antenna element 21.

  The partial element 22c is connected to the connection element 43 at the end j, extends linearly downward from the end j as a starting point, and extends to an end q that is a terminal end of downward extension. The partial element 22b is connected to the partial element 22c at the end q, extends linearly to the right starting from the end q, and extends to the end r that is the end of the rightward extension. The partial element 22e is connected to the partial element 22d at the end r, linearly extends upward from the end r, and extends to the end l that is the end of the upward extension.

  The glass antenna 300 includes a third antenna conductor in the vicinity of at least one of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. FIG. 3 illustrates an antenna element 32 that is directly connected to the power feeding unit 2 as the third antenna conductor.

  The antenna element 32 is an auxiliary element that is connected to the lower left end s of the power feeding unit 2 and extends in the vertical direction. The antenna element 32 linearly extends downward from the end s, and extends to an end t that is a terminal end of the downward extension. When a third antenna conductor such as the antenna element 32 is provided, radio waves (for example, DAB L band (1452-1492 MHz)) higher than the frequency band (470-710 MHz) of digital terrestrial television broadcasting waves are received. This is preferable in terms of improving the antenna gain. In addition, the antenna element 32 which is a 3rd antenna conductor is not limited to when providing in the form of FIG. For example, you may provide in the form of FIG.

  As described above, as in the above-described embodiment, the glass antenna 300 having the form illustrated in FIG. 3 is a vertically polarized medium having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band (for example, DAB band III). It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that can cope with the above.

  FIG. 4 is a plan view of a glass antenna 400 according to the fourth embodiment. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.

  There may be no connection element for connecting the power feeding unit 2 and the antenna element 21, and the antenna element 21 may be directly connected to the power feeding unit 2 without a connection element.

  The connection element 43 is an element extending in the vertical direction. The connection element 43 linearly extends downward from an intermediate point i of the partial element 21c on the lower side of the antenna element 21 and extends to an end j that is a terminal portion of the downward extension. The intermediate point i exists between the end portions h and g, and does not necessarily have to be the center point between the end portions h and g.

  The glass antenna 400 includes a third antenna conductor in the vicinity of at least one of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. FIG. 4 illustrates an antenna element 33 that is directly connected to the power feeding unit 1 as the third antenna conductor.

  The antenna element 33 is an auxiliary element that is connected to the lower right end o of the power feeding unit 1 and extends in the left-right direction. The antenna element 33 linearly extends to the right starting from the end o, and extends to the end u, which is the end of the extension to the right. When a third antenna conductor such as the antenna element 33 is provided, a radio wave (for example, DAB L band (1452 to 1492 MHz)) higher than the frequency band (470 to 710 MHz) of terrestrial digital television broadcasting waves is received. This is preferable in terms of improving the antenna gain. In addition, the antenna element 33 which is a 3rd antenna conductor is not limited to when providing in the form of FIG. For example, you may provide in the form of FIG.

  As described above, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the glass antenna 400 having the form illustrated in FIG. 4 has a vertically polarized medium having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band (for example, DAB band III). It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that can cope with the above.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view of a glass antenna 500 according to the fifth embodiment. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.

  There may be no connection element that connects the power feeding unit 1 and the antenna element 11, and the antenna element 11 may be directly connected to the power feeding unit 1 without a connection element.

  The glass antenna 500 includes a third antenna conductor in the vicinity of at least one of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. The vicinity means that the third antenna conductor may be separated from the power feeding unit to the extent that the effect of the third antenna conductor is obtained, and is, for example, 20 mm or less from the power feeding unit. FIG. 5 illustrates an antenna element 34 that is indirectly connected to the power feeding unit 2 via an intermediate point v on the connection element 42 as the third antenna conductor. The intermediate point v exists between the end portions d and e, and does not necessarily have to be the center point between the end portions d and e.

  The antenna element 34 is an auxiliary element that is connected to the connection element 42 at an intermediate point v and extends in the vertical direction. The antenna element 34 extends linearly downward from the intermediate point v as a starting point, and extends to an end w that is a terminal portion of the downward extension. When a third antenna conductor such as the antenna element 34 is provided, radio waves in a higher band than the frequency band (470 to 710 MHz) of terrestrial digital television broadcast waves (for example, the DAB L band (1452 to 1492 MHz)) are received. This is preferable in terms of improving the antenna gain. In addition, the antenna element 34 which is a 3rd antenna conductor is not limited to when providing in the form of FIG. For example, you may provide in the form of FIG.

  As described above, as in the above-described embodiment, the glass antenna 500 having the form illustrated in FIG. 5 is a vertically polarized medium having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band (for example, DAB band III). It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that can cope with the above.

  FIG. 6 is a plan view of a glass antenna 600 according to the sixth embodiment. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.

  The antenna conductor 10 of the glass antenna 600 includes a first antenna element that is connected to the first power feeding portion directly or via the first connection element and extends in the left-right direction. FIG. 6 illustrates an antenna element 12 directly connected to the power feeding unit 1 at the end a as the first antenna element.

  The antenna element 12 is a closed loop element formed in a loop shape by the partial elements 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d. The antenna element 12 is formed in a rectangular shape that is horizontally long with four end portions a, x, y, and z as corners. The shape of the closed loop of the antenna element 12 is not limited to a rectangle, but may be a quadrangle such as a square, other square shapes, a circle, or another polygon such as a pentagon.

  The connection element 43 linearly extends rightward starting from a lower right end portion g, which is a connection point where the lower side partial element 21c and the right side partial element 21b are connected, and to the right. The film is stretched to the end j, which is the end of the stretching.

  The antenna element 22 may be a linear element formed along only one side of the antenna element 21 as shown in FIG. The antenna element 22 extends in the vertical direction to the partial element 21b so as to be capacitively coupled to the partial element 21b on the right side of the antenna element 21.

  The antenna element 23 is not limited to a linear element extending downward to the right as shown in FIG. 1, but may be an L-shaped element formed in an L shape by the partial elements 23e and 23f as shown in FIG. The partial element 23e extends in the direction along the outer edge 6, and the partial element 23b extends in the left-right direction. The partial element 23e is connected to the antenna element 22 at an end l, extends linearly in an oblique direction from the upper left to the lower right starting from the end l, and is an end that is a terminal portion of the extension in the oblique direction. Stretch to part n. The partial element 23f is connected to the partial element 23e at the end n, extends linearly leftward from the end n, and extends to the end m, which is the end of the leftward extension.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, there may be a plurality of third antenna conductors provided in the vicinity of at least one of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. FIG. 6 illustrates, as the third antenna conductor, an antenna element 31 that is directly connected to the power feeding unit 1 at the end o and an antenna element 32 that is directly connected to the power feeding unit 2 at the end s.

  As described above, in the case of the glass antenna 600 having the form illustrated in FIG. 6 as in the above-described embodiment, a medium (for example, DAB band III) having a vertically polarized wave and a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band. It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that can cope with the above.

  FIG. 7 is a plan view of a glass antenna 700 according to the seventh embodiment. The description of the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the antenna element 12 formed in a loop shape may be connected to the power feeding unit 1 via the connection element 41. The connection element 41 is, for example, an L-shaped element formed in an L shape. The antenna element 12 is a closed loop element formed in a horizontally long rectangle with four end portions aa, x, y, and z as corners. Further, the connection element 42 that connects the antenna element 21 formed in a loop shape and the power feeding unit 2 may be an element formed in an L shape.

  As described above, as in the above-described embodiment, the glass antenna 700 having the form illustrated in FIG. 7 is a vertically polarized medium having a wider bandwidth than the FM broadcast band (for example, DAB band III). It is possible to easily obtain reception characteristics that can cope with the above.

By the way, the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of the frequency band (first frequency band) of the vertically polarized media which is wider than the frequency band of FM broadcasting is λ _01, and the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k. The wavelength on the window glass is λ _g1 = λ ₀₁ · k. At this time, the longest path length La from the second feeding point to the tip of the fourth antenna element is (5/8) · λ _g1 or more (7/8) with (3/4) · λ _g1 as a target value. ) · Λ _g1 or less, and more preferably (11/16) · λ _g1 or more and (13/16) · λ _g1 or less, a favorable result is obtained in terms of improving the antenna gain in the first frequency band.

  For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the longest path length La corresponds to the longest element length from the end d of the power feeding unit 2 to the end m of the antenna element 23 without passing through the same element. That is, it is the conductor length in the forward path of the end portions d, e, f, g, h, j, k, l, m. In the case of FIG. 3, it is the conductor length in the forward path of the end portions d, e, f, g, h, i, j, q, r, l, m.

For example, when band III (174 to 240 MHz) is set as the first frequency band, the center frequency is 207 MHz. Therefore, when it is desired to improve the antenna gain of band III, when the speed of the radio wave is 3.0 × 10 ⁸ m / s and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, the longest path length La is 579 mm or more and 812 mm or less. More preferably, it may be adjusted to 638 mm or more and 753 mm or less.

The length of the portion of the third antenna element that extends along the second antenna element from the connection point with the third connection element to the connection point with the fourth antenna element. When the length L22 is within a range where the antenna conductor does not collide with any other conductor or the outer edge 6, it is (1/8) · λ _g1 or more, more preferably (3/16) · λ _g1 or more. A favorable result is obtained in terms of improvement of the antenna gain in the frequency band of 1.

  For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the length L22 is the element length from the end j that is the connection point between the partial element 22a and the connection element 43 to the end l that is the connection point between the partial element 22b and the antenna element 23. Equivalent to. That is, it is the conductor length in the forward path of the ends j, k, and l. In the case of FIG. 2, the length L22 corresponds to the element length from the end j to the end l of the antenna element 22. In the case of FIG. 3, the length L22 is the conductor length in the forward path of the end portions j, q, r, and l.

Therefore, when it is desired to improve the antenna gain of band III, if the speed of the radio wave is 3.0 × 10 ⁸ m / s and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, the length L22 is more preferably 115 mm or more. Is preferably adjusted to 174 mm or more.

Further, the circumference L21 of the loop of the second antenna element is (3/8) · λ _g1 or more and (5/8) · λ _g1 or less, more preferably (1/2) · λ _g1. , (7/16) · λ _g1 or more and (9/16) · λ _g1 or less, a favorable result is obtained in terms of improving the antenna gain in the first frequency band.

  For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the circumferential length L <b> 21 corresponds to the closed loop element length of the antenna element 21. That is, the conductor length in the forward path of the end portions e, f, g, h, e.

Therefore, when it is desired to improve the antenna gain of band III, when the speed of the radio wave is 3.0 × 10 ⁸ m / s and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, the peripheral length L21 is 347 mm or more and 580 mm or less, More preferably, it may be adjusted to 406 mm or more and 522 mm or less.

Further, the shortest path length L10 between the first feeding unit and the farthest point that is the point on the first antenna element farthest from the first feeding unit by the shortest path is (1/8) · λ. _{In the case of g1} or more and (1/4) · _λg1 or less, more preferably (5/32) · _λg1 or more and (7/32) · _λg1 or less in terms of improving the antenna gain in the first frequency band. Favorable results are obtained.

  For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the shortest path length L <b> 10 corresponds to the element length from the end a of the power feeding unit 1 to the end c of the antenna element 11. The farthest point, which is the point on the first antenna element farthest along the shortest path from the first feeding unit, corresponds to the point on the loop-shaped antenna element 12 in FIGS. It does not necessarily coincide with the end y or z.

Therefore, in order to improve the antenna gain of band III, when the speed of the radio wave is 3.0 × 10 ⁸ m / s and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, the shortest path length L10 is 115 mm or more and 232 mm or less. More preferably, it may be adjusted to 145 mm or more and 203 mm or less.

Further, the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of the second frequency band higher than the first frequency band is λ ₀₂ , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k, and the wavelength on the window glass is λ _{It is} assumed that _g2 = λ ₀₂ · k. At this time, the third antenna conductor is (1/8) · λ _g2 or more (1/2) · λ _g2 or less, more preferably (3/16) · λ _g2 or more (7/16) · λ _g2. Having at least one antenna element having the following element length L30 is preferable in terms of improving the antenna gain in the second frequency band.

  For example, in the case of FIG. 2, the element length L30 corresponds to the conductor length from the end o to the end p of the element 31.

For example, when the L band (1452 to 1492 MHz) is set as the second frequency band, the center frequency is 1472 MHz. Therefore, when it is desired to improve the L-band antenna gain, the element length L30 is set to 16 mm or more and 66 mm or less, assuming that the speed of the radio wave is 3.0 × 10 ⁸ m / s and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64. More preferably, it may be adjusted to 24 mm or more and 57 mm or less.

  Further, in order to improve the antenna gain in the first frequency band, the distance between the second antenna element and the third antenna element that are capacitively coupled to each other is preferably, for example, 3 mm or more and 17 mm or less. For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the interval corresponds to the shortest distance between the partial elements 21c and 22a and the shortest distance between the partial elements 21b and 22b.

  As mentioned above, although the glass antenna and the window glass were demonstrated by the embodiment, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. Various modifications and improvements, such as combinations and substitutions with part or all of other example embodiments, are possible within the scope of the present invention.

  An actual measurement result of the antenna gain of an automotive glass antenna manufactured by attaching the form of the glass antenna 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 to an actual vehicle side glass will be described.

  The antenna gain was measured by assembling an automobile window glass on which a glass antenna was formed on a window frame of an automobile on a turntable in a state tilted about 75 ° with respect to a horizontal plane. A connector is attached so that the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the feeder 1 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the feeder 2, and the feeders 1 and 2 are connected via the coaxial cable. Connected to a network analyzer. The turntable was rotated so that radio waves were applied from all directions to the window glass from the horizontal direction.

  The antenna gain was measured by setting the vehicle center of the automobile in which the glass antenna glass was assembled at the center of the turntable and rotating the automobile 360 °. The antenna gain data was measured every 3 MHz in the frequency range of Band III at every rotation angle of 5 °. The elevation angle between the transmission position of the radio wave and the antenna conductor was measured in a substantially horizontal direction (when the plane parallel to the ground is elevation angle = 0 ° and the zenith direction is elevation angle = 90 °, the elevation angle = 0 ° direction). The antenna gain was standardized so that the antenna gain of the half-wave dipole antenna was 0 dB with reference to the half-wave dipole antenna.

  <Example 1>

表１及び図８は、図１に示すガラスアンテナ１００の形態を実際の車両のサイドガラスに取り付けたことにより作製された自動車用高周波ガラスアンテナについて、端部ｊから端部ｍまでの導体長を一定値に固定したまま、上述の容量結合部分の長さＬ２２を変化させたときの、アンテナ利得の実測データである。図８の縦軸のＧａｉｎは、バンドIII（１７０〜２４０ＭＨｚ）において３ＭＨｚ毎に計測された回転角度５°毎のアンテナ利得の帯域での平均値を示している。

Table 1 and FIG. 8 show that the conductor length from the end j to the end m is constant for the automobile high-frequency glass antenna manufactured by attaching the form of the glass antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 to the actual side glass of the vehicle. This is measured data of antenna gain when the length L22 of the capacitive coupling portion is changed while being fixed to a value. Gain on the vertical axis in FIG. 8 represents an average value in the band of the antenna gain at every rotation angle of 5 ° measured every 3 MHz in the band III (170 to 240 MHz).

The dimensions of each part of the glass antenna 100 when actually measuring Table 1 and FIG.
L11 + L41: 170
L42: 50
L21 (= L21a + L21b + L21c + L21d): 410
L43: 10
Conductor length from end j to end m: 330
It is. However, “L *” (* represents a symbol) indicates the conductor length of the element *. The conductor width of each element is 0.8 mm. The power feeding units 1 and 2 are both squares with a side of 12 mm. The space | interval of the electric power feeding part 1 and the electric power feeding part 2 is 13 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the antenna gain of band III could be improved by adjusting the length L22 of the capacitive coupling portion to 115 mm or more.

  <Example 2>

表２及び図９は、図１に示すガラスアンテナ１００の形態を実際の車両のサイドガラスに取り付けたことにより作製された自動車用高周波ガラスアンテナについて、部分エレメント２１ｂ，２１ｄの導体長を一定値に固定したまま、アンテナエレメント２１の周長Ｌ２１を変化させたときの、アンテナ利得の実測データである。図９の縦軸のＧａｉｎは、バンドIII（１７０〜２４０ＭＨｚ）において３ＭＨｚ毎に計測された回転角度５°毎のアンテナ利得の帯域での平均値を示している。

Table 2 and FIG. 9 show that the conductor lengths of the partial elements 21b and 21d are fixed to a constant value for the high-frequency glass antenna for automobiles manufactured by attaching the form of the glass antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 to the side glass of an actual vehicle. This is the actual measurement data of the antenna gain when the circumference L21 of the antenna element 21 is changed. Gain on the vertical axis in FIG. 9 represents an average value in the band of the antenna gain at every rotation angle of 5 ° measured every 3 MHz in the band III (170 to 240 MHz).

The dimensions of each part of the glass antenna 100 when actually measuring Table 2 and FIG.
L11 + L41: 170
L42: 30
L21b, L21d: 155
L43: 5
Conductor length from end j to end m: 345
It is. Other dimensions are the same as in Example 1.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the antenna gain of the band III could be improved by adjusting the circumferential length L21 of the antenna element 21 to 347 mm or more and 580 mm or less.

  <Example 3>

表３及び図１０は、図１に示すガラスアンテナ１００の形態を実際の車両のサイドガラスに取り付けたことにより作製された自動車用高周波ガラスアンテナについて、第１のアンテナ導体に係る上述の最短経路長Ｌ１０を変化させたときの、アンテナ利得の実測データである。図１０の縦軸のＧａｉｎは、バンドIII（１７０〜２４０ＭＨｚ）において３ＭＨｚ毎に計測された回転角度５°毎のアンテナ利得の帯域での平均値を示している。

Table 3 and FIG. 10 show the above-mentioned shortest path length L10 related to the first antenna conductor for a high-frequency glass antenna for an automobile manufactured by attaching the form of the glass antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 to a side glass of an actual vehicle. It is the actual measurement data of the antenna gain when is changed. Gain on the vertical axis in FIG. 10 represents an average value in the band of the antenna gain for each rotation angle of 5 ° measured every 3 MHz in band III (170 to 240 MHz).

The dimensions of each part of the glass antenna 100 when actually measuring Table 3 and FIG.
L42: 50
L21 (= L21a + L21b + L21c + L21d): 410
L43: 10
Conductor length from end j to end m: 330
It is. Other dimensions are the same as in Example 1.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the antenna gain of band III could be improved by adjusting the shortest path length L10 to 115 mm or more and 232 mm or less.

1 Power supply unit (an example of a first power supply unit)
2 Power supply unit (an example of a second power supply unit)
5 Window glass 6 Outer edge 7 Concealment film 10 Antenna conductor (an example of a first antenna conductor)
20 Antenna conductor (an example of a second antenna conductor)
11 Antenna element (an example of a first antenna element)
21 Antenna element (an example of a second antenna element)
22 Antenna element (example of third antenna element)
23 Antenna element (an example of a fourth antenna element)
31, 32, 33, 34 Antenna element (an example of a third antenna conductor)
41 connection element (an example of a first connection element)
42 connection element (example of second connection element)
43 Connection element (example of third connection element)
100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 Glass antenna

Claims (13)

A glass antenna provided on a window glass of a vehicle,
First and second power feeding units arranged one above the other, a first antenna conductor connected to the first power feeding unit, and a second antenna conductor connected to the second power feeding unit And
The first antenna conductor is:
Including a first antenna element connected to the first power feeding portion directly or via a first connection element and extending in the left-right direction;
The second antenna conductor is
A second antenna element that is connected to the second power feeding portion directly or via a second connection element and formed in a loop shape, and is connected to the second antenna element via a third connection element And a third antenna element extending along the second antenna element so as to be capacitively coupled to the second antenna element, and connected to the third antenna element and to the second antenna element A glass antenna comprising: a fourth antenna element extending on a side opposite to the second power feeding unit. The wavelength in the air at the center frequency of a predetermined frequency band is λ ₀₁ , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k, and the wavelength on the window glass is λ _g1 = λ ₀₁ · k,
2. The glass according to claim 1, wherein a longest path length from the second power feeding portion to a tip of the fourth antenna element is not less than (5/8) · λ _{g1 and not} more than (7/8) · λ _g1. antenna. 2. The glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein a longest path length from the second power feeding unit to a tip of the fourth antenna element is 579 mm or more and 812 mm or less. The wavelength in the air at the center frequency of a predetermined frequency band is λ ₀₁ , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k, and the wavelength on the window glass is λ _g1 = λ ₀₁ · k,
Of the portion of the third antenna element from the connection point with the third connection element to the connection point with the fourth antenna element, the portion extending along the second antenna element The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length is (1/8) · _λg1 or more.   Of the portion of the third antenna element from the connection point with the third connection element to the connection point with the fourth antenna element, the portion extending along the second antenna element The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length is 115 mm or more. The wavelength in the air at the center frequency of a predetermined frequency band is λ ₀₁ , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k, and the wavelength on the window glass is λ _g1 = λ ₀₁ · k,
The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a circumference of a loop of the second antenna element is (3/8) · λ _g1 or more and (5/8) · λ _g1 or less.   The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a circumference of a loop of the second antenna element is 347 mm or more and 580 mm or less. The wavelength in the air at the center frequency of a predetermined frequency band is λ ₀₁ , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k, and the wavelength on the window glass is λ _g1 = λ ₀₁ · k,
The shortest path length between the first feeding unit and the farthest point that is the point on the first antenna element farthest from the first feeding unit on the shortest path is (1/8) · λ The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is _g1 or more and (1/4) · _λg1 or less.   The shortest path length between the first power feeding unit and the farthest point that is the point on the first antenna element farthest from the first power feeding unit is 115 mm or more and 232 mm or less, The glass antenna as described in any one of Claim 1 to 7.   The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a third antenna conductor in the vicinity of at least one of the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit. When the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of a predetermined frequency band is λ ₀₂ , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass is k, and the wavelength on the window glass is λ _g2 = λ ₀₂ · k,
11. The glass antenna according to claim 10, wherein an element length of the third antenna conductor is (1/8) · λ _g2 or more and (1/2) · λ _g2 or less.   The glass antenna according to claim 10, wherein an element length of the third antenna conductor is 16 mm or greater and 66 mm or less.   A window glass provided with the glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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