JP5988904B2 - Waste heat utilization device for kneading machine and waste heat utilization method for kneading machine - Google Patents
Waste heat utilization device for kneading machine and waste heat utilization method for kneading machine Download PDFInfo
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- JP5988904B2 JP5988904B2 JP2013060453A JP2013060453A JP5988904B2 JP 5988904 B2 JP5988904 B2 JP 5988904B2 JP 2013060453 A JP2013060453 A JP 2013060453A JP 2013060453 A JP2013060453 A JP 2013060453A JP 5988904 B2 JP5988904 B2 JP 5988904B2
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims description 97
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- AWTOFSDLNREIFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(F)F AWTOFSDLNREIFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010092 rubber production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
Description
本発明は、複数の混練機で発生する廃熱を効率的に利用する混練機の廃熱利用装置及び廃熱利用方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a waste heat utilization apparatus and waste heat utilization method of a kneader that efficiently uses waste heat generated in a plurality of kneaders.
従来より、ゴムなどのプラスチック材料を混練する混練機には、連続式の混練機とバッチ式の混練機とが知られている。連続式の混練機は、ホッパなどの供給部からペレットなどの材料を連続的に供給しつつ混練を行うものであり、混練を絶え間なく連続して行うものである。これに対して、バッチ式の混練機は、材料の投入〜混練〜材料の取出までの一連の手順を繰り返し行いつつ混練を行うものであり、混練と停止とを交互に行うものである。一例を挙げれば、このバッチ式の混練機では、実際に混練する時間に対して、材料の投入や取出にかかる時間が何倍にもなる場合があり、トータルの運転時間に対して実際の混練時間が占める割合が小さいことも珍しくない。 Conventionally, continuous kneaders and batch kneaders are known as kneaders for kneading plastic materials such as rubber. The continuous kneader performs kneading while continuously supplying materials such as pellets from a supply unit such as a hopper, and performs kneading continuously. In contrast, a batch-type kneader performs kneading while repeating a series of procedures from material charging to kneading to material taking-out, and alternately performs kneading and stopping. As an example, in this batch-type kneader, the time required for charging and unloading materials may be several times the actual kneading time, and the actual kneading time for the total operation time. It is not uncommon for time to occupy a small percentage.
ところで、近年は、産業機器の分野においてもさまざまな面で省エネルギが必要であるとされており、混練機で材料を混練した際に発生する廃熱を利用したいというニーズがある。
例えば、特許文献１には、ゴム混練機において、チャンバ内に収容された２本のロータで、ゴムなどの高粘度の材料を混練するバッチ式（密閉式）の混練機が開示されている。この特許文献１の混練機は、チャンバの周囲を覆うように冷却水を通水可能なジャケットを備えており、ジャケットに冷却水を通水することでチャンバやロータを介して混練中の材料の温度を制御することが可能となっている。
By the way, in recent years, in the field of industrial equipment, it is said that energy saving is necessary in various aspects, and there is a need to use waste heat generated when materials are kneaded by a kneader.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a batch-type (sealed) kneader in which a high-viscosity material such as rubber is kneaded by two rotors housed in a chamber. The kneading machine of this patent document 1 is provided with a jacket through which cooling water can flow so as to cover the periphery of the chamber. By passing cooling water through the jacket, the material being kneaded can be passed through the chamber and rotor. It is possible to control the temperature.
この特許文献１の冷却機構は、あくまでも混練中の材料を冷却するためのものであり、ジャケット内の冷却水に放熱された熱エネルギを再利用するものではない。
一方、特許文献２には、押出機から水中に押し出された合成樹脂を、水中切断ユニット（ペレタイザ）で水中で粒状に切断する際に、水中に放熱される高温廃熱を熱源として発電などの用途に再利用する方法が開示されている。
The cooling mechanism of Patent Document 1 is only for cooling the material being kneaded, and does not reuse the heat energy radiated to the cooling water in the jacket.
On the other hand, in Patent Document 2, when a synthetic resin extruded from an extruder into water is cut into particles in water by an underwater cutting unit (pelletizer), power generation is performed using high-temperature waste heat radiated into water as a heat source. A method of reusing for use is disclosed.
ところで、混練機で発生する廃熱を利用するに当たり、特許文献２のような連続式の混練機では混練が絶え間なく連続して行われるため、この混練機を熱源とした場合には安定して熱エネルギを回収して利用することが可能となる。
しかし、バッチ式の混練機のように混練と停止とが交互に繰り返される混練機から発生する熱を熱源とする場合は、発熱も間歇的にしか行われない。つまり、バッチ式の混練機の場合には、熱源から発生する熱量が安定せず、冷媒（冷却水）の温度が運転状況に応じて大きく変動する。その結果、廃熱を温水で利用しようとすれば温水の温度が変動したり、廃熱を発電に利用しようとすれば発電効率が非常に低くなったりして、廃熱を有効に利用することが非常に困難になる。
By the way, in utilizing the waste heat generated in the kneading machine, the kneading is continuously performed in the continuous kneading machine as in Patent Document 2. Therefore, when this kneading machine is used as a heat source, the kneading machine is stable. It becomes possible to collect and use thermal energy.
However, when heat generated from a kneader in which kneading and stopping are alternately repeated as in a batch type kneader is used as a heat source, heat is generated only intermittently. That is, in the case of a batch-type kneader, the amount of heat generated from the heat source is not stable, and the temperature of the refrigerant (cooling water) varies greatly depending on the operating conditions. As a result, if waste heat is used as hot water, the temperature of the hot water will fluctuate, and if waste heat is used for power generation, the power generation efficiency will be very low. Becomes very difficult.
つまり、バッチ式の混練機のように熱の発生が間歇的にしか行われない混練機に対しては、発生する廃熱を平均化（安定化）させる何らかの手段を設けることが必要不可欠となる。
本発明は、上述の問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、熱の発生が安定して行われない混練機に対しても、廃熱を利用する際には安定して熱エネルギを取り出すことができ、混練機で発生する廃熱を効率良く利用することができる混練機の廃熱利用装置及び廃熱利用方法を提供することを目的とする。
In other words, for a kneader that generates heat only intermittently, such as a batch kneader, it is essential to provide some means for averaging (stabilizing) the generated waste heat. .
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to stably extract heat energy when using waste heat even for a kneader in which heat generation is not stably performed. An object of the present invention is to provide a waste heat utilization device and a waste heat utilization method for a kneader that can efficiently use waste heat generated in the kneader.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明の混練機の廃熱利用装置は以下の技術的手段を講じている。
即ち、本発明の混練機の廃熱利用装置は、複数の混練機と、前記混練機のそれぞれに冷媒を供給して冷却を行う複数の分岐流路と、前記複数の分岐流路を流通することで加熱された冷媒を合流させ、合流した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させながら放熱させ、且つ放熱された熱を蓄熱する蓄熱器と、前記蓄熱器から熱を取り出す蓄熱取出部と、前記蓄熱器で蓄熱に用いられた冷媒の圧力を下げる減圧弁と、前記減圧弁で減圧された冷媒を前記複数の分岐流路に再び分岐させて供給する循環流路と、を備えていて、前記複数の分岐流路には、前記複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替える切替部が設けられていることを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-described problems, the waste heat utilization apparatus for a kneader according to the present invention employs the following technical means.
That is, the waste heat utilization apparatus for a kneading machine of the present invention circulates through a plurality of kneading machines, a plurality of branch channels for supplying a cooling medium to each of the kneaders for cooling, and the plurality of branch channels. A compressor that condenses the heated refrigerant, compresses the merged refrigerant, a heat accumulator that radiates heat while condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and stores the radiated heat, and the heat accumulator A heat storage extraction portion for extracting heat from the pressure generator, a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat accumulator, and a circulation in which the refrigerant depressurized by the pressure reducing valve is branched again to the plurality of branch channels. And a switching section for switching a branch destination of the refrigerant according to an operating state of the plurality of kneaders.
なお、好ましくは、前記圧縮機の上流側を流れる冷媒と、前記蓄熱器の下流側を流れる冷媒とを熱交換する熱交換器を有するとよい。
なお、好ましくは、前記切替部は、混練機の分岐流路の入側と出側とにそれぞれ切替弁を備えており、前記２つの切替弁を、複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて切り替えるように構成されているとよい。
In addition, Preferably, it is good to have a heat exchanger which heat-exchanges the refrigerant | coolant which flows the upstream of the said compressor, and the refrigerant which flows the downstream of the said heat storage device.
Preferably, the switching unit includes a switching valve on each of an inlet side and an outlet side of the branch flow path of the kneading machine, and the two switching valves are switched according to operating conditions of a plurality of kneaders. It is good to be configured as follows.
なお、好ましくは、前記蓄熱器は、他の蓄熱器と交換可能とされているとよい。
一方、本発明の混練機の廃熱利用方法は、複数の混練機と、前記混練機のそれぞれに冷媒を供給して冷却を行う複数の分岐流路と、前記複数の分岐流路を流通することで加熱された冷媒を合流させ、合流した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させながら放熱させ、且つ放熱された熱を蓄熱する蓄熱器と、前記蓄熱器から熱を取り出す蓄熱取出部と、前記蓄熱器で蓄熱に用いられた冷媒の圧力を下げる減圧弁と、前記減圧弁で減圧された冷媒を前記複数の分岐流路に再び分岐させて供給する循環流路と、を備えた廃熱利用装置を用いて混練機の廃熱を利用するに際しては、前記複数の分岐流路間で、前記複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替えることを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明の混練機の廃熱利用装置の最も好ましい形態は、複数の混練機と、前記混練機のそれぞれに冷媒を供給して冷却を行う複数の分岐流路と、前記複数の分岐流路を流通することで加熱された冷媒を合流させ、合流した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させながら放熱させ、且つ放熱された熱を蓄熱する蓄熱器と、前記蓄熱器から熱を取り出す蓄熱取出部と、前記蓄熱器で蓄熱に用いられた冷媒の圧力を下げる減圧弁と、前記減圧弁で減圧された冷媒を前記複数の分岐流路に再び分岐させて供給する循環流路と、を備えていて、前記複数の分岐流路には、前記複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替える切替部が設けられており、前記切替部は、混練機の分岐流路の入側と出側とにそれぞれ切替弁を備えており、前記２つの切替弁を、複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて切り替えるように構成されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の混練機の廃熱利用方法の最も好ましい形態は、複数の混練機と、前記混練機のそれぞれに冷媒を供給して冷却を行う複数の分岐流路と、前記複数の分岐流路を流通することで加熱された冷媒を合流させ、合流した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させながら放熱させ、且つ放熱された熱を蓄熱する蓄熱器と、前記蓄熱器から熱を取り出す蓄熱取出部と、前記蓄熱器で蓄熱に用いられた冷媒の圧力を下げる減圧弁と、前記減圧弁で減圧された冷媒を前記複数の分岐流路に再び分岐させて供給する循環流路と、を備えた廃熱利用装置を用いて混練機の廃熱を利用するに際しては、前記複数の分岐流路間で、前記複数の混練機の入側と出側において、運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替えることを特徴とするものである。
Preferably, the heat accumulator is exchangeable with another heat accumulator.
On the other hand, the waste heat utilization method of the kneading machine of the present invention distributes the plurality of kneading machines, the plurality of branch channels for supplying the refrigerant to each of the kneaders for cooling, and the plurality of branch channels. A compressor that condenses the heated refrigerant, compresses the merged refrigerant, a heat accumulator that radiates heat while condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and stores the radiated heat, and the heat accumulator A heat storage extraction portion for extracting heat from the pressure generator, a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat accumulator, and a circulation in which the refrigerant depressurized by the pressure reducing valve is branched again to the plurality of branch channels. When using the waste heat of the kneading machine using the waste heat utilization device provided with a flow path, the branch destination of the refrigerant is set between the plurality of branch flow paths according to the operation status of the plurality of kneading machines. It is characterized by switching.
The most preferable embodiment of the waste heat utilization apparatus for a kneading machine of the present invention is a plurality of kneading machines, a plurality of branch flow paths for supplying a cooling medium to each of the kneading machines and cooling, and the plurality of branch flows. A compressor that combines the refrigerants heated by flowing through the path, compresses the merged refrigerants, a heat accumulator that radiates heat while condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressors, and stores the radiated heat A heat storage extraction portion for extracting heat from the heat storage device, a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat storage device, and the refrigerant decompressed by the pressure reducing valve is branched again into the plurality of branch flow paths. A circulation passage that is supplied to the plurality of branch passages, and the plurality of branch passages are provided with a switching unit that switches a branch destination of the refrigerant according to an operating state of the plurality of kneaders. On the inlet side and outlet side of the branch flow path of the kneader. And a switching valve, the two switching valves, characterized in that it is configured to switch in accordance with the operating conditions of a plurality of kneader.
The most preferable mode of the waste heat utilization method of the kneading machine of the present invention includes a plurality of kneading machines, a plurality of branch flow paths for supplying a refrigerant to each of the kneading machines and cooling, and the plurality of branch flows. A compressor that combines the refrigerants heated by flowing through the path, compresses the merged refrigerants, a heat accumulator that radiates heat while condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressors, and stores the radiated heat A heat storage extraction portion for extracting heat from the heat storage device, a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat storage device, and the refrigerant decompressed by the pressure reducing valve is branched again into the plurality of branch flow paths. When using the waste heat of the kneading machine using the waste heat utilization device comprising the circulation flow path to be supplied between the plurality of branch flow paths, on the inlet side and the outlet side of the plurality of kneaders It is characterized by switching the refrigerant branch destination according to the operating conditions. It is an.
本発明の混練機の廃熱利用装置及び廃熱利用方法によれば、熱の発生が安定して行われない混練機に対しても、廃熱を利用する際には安定して熱エネルギを取り出すことができ、混練機で発生する廃熱を効率良く利用することができる。 According to the waste heat utilization apparatus and waste heat utilization method of the present invention, even when the heat generation is not performed stably, even when the waste heat is used, the heat energy is stably supplied. It can be taken out and waste heat generated in the kneader can be used efficiently.
［第１実施形態］
以下、本発明の混練機１の廃熱利用装置２、及びこの混練機１の廃熱利用方法の実施形態を、図面に基づき詳しく説明する。
図１は、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２を模式的に示したものである。
図１に示すように、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２は、複数の混練機１と、これらの混練機１のそれぞれに冷媒を供給して冷却を行う複数の分岐流路３とを備えている。また、この廃熱利用装置２は、これら複数の分岐流路３を流通することで加熱された冷媒を合流させ、合流した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機４と、圧縮機４で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させながら放熱させ、且つ放熱された熱を蓄熱する蓄熱器５とを有している。さらに、廃熱利用装置２には、蓄熱器５から熱を取り出す蓄熱取出部６と、蓄熱器５で蓄熱に用いられた冷媒の圧力を下げる減圧弁７と、減圧弁７で減圧された冷媒を前記複数の分岐流路３に再び分岐させて供給する循環流路８と、が設けられている。
[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the waste heat utilization device 2 of the kneader 1 and the waste heat utilization method of the kneader 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 according to the first embodiment includes a plurality of kneading machines 1 and a plurality of branch flow paths 3 that supply the refrigerant to each of these kneading machines 1 and perform cooling. I have. Further, the waste heat utilization device 2 joins the refrigerants heated by flowing through the plurality of branch flow paths 3, compresses the merged refrigerant, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 4. And a heat accumulator 5 that radiates heat while condensing and stores the radiated heat. Further, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 includes a heat storage extraction unit 6 that extracts heat from the heat accumulator 5, a pressure reducing valve 7 that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat accumulator 5, and a refrigerant decompressed by the pressure reducing valve 7. And a circulation flow path 8 for supplying the water to the plurality of branch flow paths 3 again.
次に、廃熱利用装置２を構成する混練機１、分岐流路３、圧縮機４、蓄熱器５、蓄熱取出部６、減圧弁７、及び循環流路８について説明する。
本発明の廃熱利用装置２に用いられる混練機１は、合成樹脂の材料を混練する設備であり、材料の混練時に熱を発生するものである。この混練機１には、材料を混練する「混練機」だけでなく混練した材料を押し出す「押出機」も含まれている。また、混練機１は、図示は省略するが、内部が空洞とされたチャンバと、このチャンバ内に収容されてチャンバ内に供給された材料を混練するロータとを有している。このロータとチャンバとは非常に小さな間隔をあけて配備されており、バレルに対してロータを回転させると、バレル内に供給された材料に大きなせん断力が加えられて材料が混練される。
Next, the kneader 1, the branch flow path 3, the compressor 4, the heat storage device 5, the heat storage extraction unit 6, the pressure reducing valve 7, and the circulation flow path 8 that constitute the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 will be described.
The kneader 1 used in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention is a facility for kneading a synthetic resin material, and generates heat when the material is kneaded. The kneading machine 1 includes not only a “kneading machine” for kneading materials but also an “extruder” for extruding the kneaded materials. Although not shown, the kneader 1 includes a chamber having a hollow inside, and a rotor that is accommodated in the chamber and kneads the material supplied into the chamber. The rotor and the chamber are arranged at a very small interval. When the rotor is rotated with respect to the barrel, a large shearing force is applied to the material supplied in the barrel to knead the material.
このとき、混練機１では、ロータとチャンバとの間に大きな摩擦力が発生し、また材料に大きなせん断力が加えられて、混練機１の内部で大きな発熱が起こる。本発明の廃熱利用装置２は、このようにして混練機１の内部で発生した大きな発熱を廃熱として混練機１の外側に取り出して再利用する構成とされている。
なお、本発明の廃熱利用装置２は、バッチ式の混練機１や押出機のように発熱が間歇的に発生するような混練設備に特に好ましく設けられる。このようなバッチ式の混練機１では、材料の供給及び取出と、材料の混練とが交互に繰り返し行われるので、混練時の発熱が間歇的にしか行われず、熱源としての安定性がない。このような発熱が連続して行われない熱源に対しては通常は廃熱利用が困難となることが多いが、本発明の廃熱利用装置２のように回収された熱エネルギを蓄熱できる構成であれば、廃熱の利用は十分に可能となる。
At this time, in the kneading machine 1, a large frictional force is generated between the rotor and the chamber, and a large shearing force is applied to the material, so that a large amount of heat is generated inside the kneading machine 1. The waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention is configured to take out the large heat generated inside the kneader 1 in this way as waste heat to the outside of the kneader 1 and reuse it.
In addition, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention is particularly preferably provided in a kneading facility that generates heat intermittently, such as a batch kneader 1 or an extruder. In such a batch-type kneader 1, since supply and extraction of materials and kneading of materials are alternately repeated, heat generation during kneading is performed only intermittently and there is no stability as a heat source. Although it is often difficult to use waste heat for a heat source that does not generate heat continuously, a configuration that can store the recovered heat energy as in the waste heat utilization device 2 of the present invention. If so, waste heat can be used sufficiently.
また、本発明の廃熱利用装置２が設けられる混練設備が、上述したバッチ式でなく、連続式の混練機１や押出機の場合であっても、小ロットの材料を続けて混練する場合には、材料の供給・取出と、混練とが短時間で繰り返し行われる場合があり、発生する熱が不連続となることもある。このような場合にも、本発明の廃熱利用装置２は好適に用いられる。 Further, even when the kneading equipment provided with the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention is not the batch type described above but the continuous kneader 1 or the extruder, the material of a small lot is continuously kneaded. In some cases, the material supply / removal and kneading are repeated in a short time, and the generated heat may be discontinuous. Also in such a case, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of this invention is used suitably.
なお、以降では、上述したようなバッチ式の混練機１が３基設けられた混練設備に取り付けられて、これらの混練機１から発生する熱エネルギを廃熱として利用するものを例に挙げて、本発明の廃熱利用装置２を説明する。
上述した複数の混練機１のそれぞれには、分岐流路３が設けられている。この分岐流路３は、図２の（４）→（１）に示すように、混練機１の内部に液体の冷媒を流通させて、混練機１の内部で発生した熱エネルギを用いて冷媒を気化させることにより、冷媒の気化熱を利用して混練機１の内部の熱エネルギを回収するものである。分岐流路３は、混練機１の周囲に配設された配管から構成されており、混練機１の内部に冷媒を流通できるようになっている。具体的には、分岐流路３は、混練機１を構成するバレルの内部やロータの内部を巡回するように設けられており、混練機１の内部に液体の冷媒を送り込んで冷媒を気化させることにより熱エネルギを確実に回収する構成となっている。
In the following description, the batch-type kneader 1 as described above is attached to a kneading facility provided with three units, and the heat energy generated from these kneaders 1 is used as waste heat as an example. The waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention will be described.
Each of the plurality of kneaders 1 described above is provided with a branch channel 3. As shown in FIG. 2 (4) → (1), this branch channel 3 circulates a liquid refrigerant inside the kneader 1 and uses the heat energy generated inside the kneader 1 to make a refrigerant. By evaporating, the heat energy in the kneader 1 is recovered using the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The branch flow path 3 is constituted by a pipe disposed around the kneader 1 so that a refrigerant can flow through the kneader 1. Specifically, the branch flow path 3 is provided so as to circulate inside the barrel and the rotor constituting the kneading machine 1, and sends a liquid refrigerant into the kneading machine 1 to vaporize the refrigerant. Thus, the heat energy is reliably recovered.
これら複数の分岐流路３は、混練機１の上流側において１本の循環流路８から複数に分岐し、それぞれの混練機１に１経路ずつ配設されるようになっている。本実施形態の混練設備では、３基の混練機１に対応して分岐流路３も３経路設けられており、それぞれの混練機１で発生した熱エネルギを個別に回収できるようになっている。これら複数の分岐流路３は、混練機１の下流側において再び１本の循環流路８に合流しており、循環流路８では個々の分岐流路３を流通してきた冷媒が１つに集約されて流れるようになっている。 The plurality of branch flow paths 3 are branched into a plurality from one circulation flow path 8 on the upstream side of the kneader 1, and one path is arranged in each kneader 1. In the kneading equipment of the present embodiment, three paths 3 are provided corresponding to the three kneaders 1 so that the heat energy generated in each kneader 1 can be individually recovered. . The plurality of branch flow paths 3 are joined again to one circulation flow path 8 on the downstream side of the kneader 1, and in the circulation flow path 8, only one refrigerant flows through each branch flow path 3. It is aggregated and flows.
なお、これら複数の分岐流路３に分岐する位置、及び複数の分岐流路３が合流する位置には、本発明の特徴である切替部が設けられている。この切替部については、後ほど詳しく述べる。
循環流路８は、上述した複数の分岐流路３の出側から、圧縮機４、蓄熱器５、減圧弁７を通って、複数の分岐流路３の入側までを結ぶものであり、上述した複数の分岐流路３と組み合わせられることで冷媒を循環させつつ何回にも亘って混練機１と蓄熱器５との間を巡回させる流路を形成可能とされている。循環流路８の途中には、冷媒の流通方向に沿って、上流側から圧縮機４、蓄熱器５、減圧弁７が設けられており、上述した複数の分岐流路３で気化した冷媒を、減圧弁７で減圧して液体の冷媒に戻し、液体の冷媒を複数の分岐流路３に再び分岐させて供給できるようになっている。
In addition, the switching part which is the characteristic of this invention is provided in the position which branches to these several branch flow paths 3, and the position where several branch flow paths 3 merge. This switching unit will be described in detail later.
The circulation channel 8 is connected from the outlet side of the plurality of branch channels 3 to the inlet side of the plurality of branch channels 3 through the compressor 4, the heat accumulator 5, and the pressure reducing valve 7. By being combined with the plurality of branch flow paths 3 described above, it is possible to form a flow path for circulating between the kneader 1 and the heat accumulator 5 over and over while circulating the refrigerant. A compressor 4, a heat accumulator 5, and a pressure reducing valve 7 are provided in the middle of the circulation flow path 8 from the upstream side along the flow direction of the refrigerant. The refrigerant vaporized in the plurality of branch flow paths 3 described above is provided. Then, the pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing valve 7 and returned to the liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant can be branched again to the plurality of branch flow paths 3 and supplied.
なお、上述した分岐流路３や循環流路８を流通する冷媒には、潜熱が大きく、低温で揮発する有機化合物を好ましくは用いられる。このような冷媒には例えばＲ２４５ｃａ（1、1、2、2、3-ペンタフルオロプロパン）のような代替フロンなどを用いることができる。
圧縮機４は、図２の（１）→（２）に示すように、複数の分岐流路３を流通することで熱エネルギを回収した気体の冷媒を圧縮して、冷媒の温度を蓄熱器５で十分に熱交換可能な温度にまで上昇させるものである。このような圧縮機４には、スクリュ式、遠心式、あるいは往復式などのコンプレッサを用いることができる。圧縮機４で圧縮された冷媒は、循環流路８を通って蓄熱器５に流通される。
Note that an organic compound that has a large latent heat and volatilizes at a low temperature is preferably used for the refrigerant flowing through the branch flow path 3 and the circulation flow path 8 described above. As such a refrigerant, for example, an alternative chlorofluorocarbon such as R245ca (1, 1, 2, 2, 3-pentafluoropropane) can be used.
As shown in (1) → (2) of FIG. 2, the compressor 4 compresses the gaseous refrigerant that has recovered the thermal energy by flowing through the plurality of branch passages 3, and the temperature of the refrigerant is stored in the regenerator. The temperature is raised to a temperature at which heat can be sufficiently exchanged at 5. The compressor 4 can be a screw type, centrifugal type, or reciprocating type compressor. The refrigerant compressed by the compressor 4 is circulated to the heat accumulator 5 through the circulation channel 8.
蓄熱器５は、循環流路８を流通する冷媒の熱エネルギを蓄熱するものである。具体的には、この蓄熱器５は、図２の（２）→（３）に示すように、冷媒を凝縮させることで放熱された熱エネルギを蓄熱材に蓄熱する構成となっていて、蓄熱器５の内部には熱エネルギを蓄熱可能な蓄熱材が収容されている。蓄熱材には、例えばパラフィンやエリスリトールのように、固体から液体に相変化する際の潜熱を利用して蓄熱を行うものを用いることができる。また、蓄熱材には、多孔質の陶磁器やレンガなどのように熱容量が大きな材料を用いて、この熱容量が大きな材料に直接熱エネルギを蓄えるものを用いても良い。この蓄熱器５に蓄熱された熱エネルギは、循環流路８とは別の系統を通って蓄熱器５に熱媒を送る蓄熱取出部６を用いて取り出すことができ、取り出された廃熱を温水として利用したり発電に利用したりすることが可能となっている。 The heat accumulator 5 stores heat energy of the refrigerant flowing through the circulation flow path 8. Specifically, as shown in (2) → (3) in FIG. 2, the heat accumulator 5 is configured to store heat energy radiated by condensing the refrigerant in the heat storage material. A heat storage material capable of storing heat energy is accommodated inside the vessel 5. As the heat storage material, for example, paraffin or erythritol, a material that stores heat by using latent heat at the time of phase change from solid to liquid can be used. In addition, as the heat storage material, a material having a large heat capacity, such as porous ceramics or bricks, may be used which directly stores heat energy in a material having a large heat capacity. The heat energy stored in the heat accumulator 5 can be taken out using a heat storage extraction unit 6 that sends a heat medium to the heat accumulator 5 through a system different from the circulation flow path 8, and the extracted waste heat can be extracted. It can be used as hot water or for power generation.
蓄熱取出部６は、蓄熱器５に熱媒を供給する供給配管１３と、この供給配管１３に沿って熱媒を蓄熱器５に圧送するポンプ１４と、を有している。つまり、蓄熱取出部６は、蓄熱器５の蓄熱材に供給配管１３を経由して熱媒を送り、送られた熱媒を気化させるなどして蓄熱器５に蓄えられた熱エネルギを熱媒側に移動させることにより、蓄熱された熱を熱媒と共に蓄熱器５の外部に取り出して、取り出した熱エネルギを廃熱として利用できるようになっている。 The heat storage extraction unit 6 includes a supply pipe 13 that supplies a heat medium to the heat accumulator 5 and a pump 14 that pumps the heat medium to the heat accumulator 5 along the supply pipe 13. That is, the heat storage extraction unit 6 sends the heat medium to the heat storage material of the heat storage device 5 via the supply pipe 13 and vaporizes the sent heat medium, and the heat energy stored in the heat storage device 5 is converted into the heat medium. By moving to the side, the stored heat is taken out together with the heat medium to the outside of the heat accumulator 5, and the extracted heat energy can be used as waste heat.
一方、蓄熱器５で熱エネルギが回収された冷媒は、循環流路８に沿って減圧弁７に送られる。
減圧弁７は、図２の（３）→（４）に示すように、冷媒を減圧させるものであり、減圧された冷媒は、分岐流路３を通じてそれぞれの混練機１に送られ、再び混練機１で発生した熱エネルギの回収に用いられる。
On the other hand, the refrigerant whose thermal energy has been recovered by the heat accumulator 5 is sent to the pressure reducing valve 7 along the circulation flow path 8.
As shown in (3) → (4) of FIG. 2, the pressure reducing valve 7 decompresses the refrigerant, and the decompressed refrigerant is sent to each kneader 1 through the branch flow path 3 and kneaded again. Used to recover thermal energy generated in the machine 1.
ところで、本発明の廃熱利用装置２は、上述した複数の分岐流路３に、複数の混練機１の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替える切替部を有しており、この切替部を備えることが本発明の廃熱利用装置２の特徴となっている。具体的には、この切替部は、混練機１の分岐流路３の入側と出側とにそれぞれ切替弁１５を備えており、これら２つの切替弁１５を複数の混練機１の運転状況に応じて切り替えるように構成されている。 By the way, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of this invention has the switching part which switches the branch destination of a refrigerant | coolant according to the operating condition of the several kneading machine 1 in the several branch flow path 3 mentioned above, This switching part. It is a feature of the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention. Specifically, the switching unit includes switching valves 15 on the inlet side and the outlet side of the branch flow path 3 of the kneading machine 1, and these two switching valves 15 are operated in a plurality of kneading machines 1. It is comprised so that it may switch according to.
次に、本発明の廃熱利用装置２の特徴である切替部について詳しく説明する。
切替部は、それぞれの分岐流路３を流れる冷媒の温度を計測する温度計測部１６と、この温度計測部１６で計測された冷媒の温度に基づいて、この温度計測部１６が設けられた分岐流路３における冷媒の流通を制御する制御部１７と、この制御部１７からの指令に基づいて冷媒の流通を個別に流通又は遮断可能な切替弁１５とを有している。
Next, the switching unit that is a feature of the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the present invention will be described in detail.
The switching unit is a temperature measuring unit 16 that measures the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through each branch channel 3, and the branch provided with the temperature measuring unit 16 based on the temperature of the refrigerant measured by the temperature measuring unit 16. A control unit 17 that controls the flow of the refrigerant in the flow path 3 and a switching valve 15 that can individually flow or block the flow of the refrigerant based on a command from the control unit 17 are provided.
温度計測部１６は、それぞれの混練機１を通って流れる冷媒の温度を、混練機１よりも下流側で計測する温度センサである。この温度計測部１６で計測される冷媒の温度は、混練機１が混練を行っている場合には混練機１で発生する熱により加熱されて高温となり、また混練機１が材料の供給や取り出しなどで停止している場合には加熱されないので低温となる。つまり、温度計測部１６で計測される冷媒の温度が高温であるか低温であるかで、それぞれの分岐流路３が配設された混練機１の運転状態を把握することが可能となる。 The temperature measuring unit 16 is a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through each kneading machine 1 on the downstream side of the kneading machine 1. When the kneading machine 1 is kneading, the temperature of the refrigerant measured by the temperature measuring unit 16 is heated by the heat generated by the kneading machine 1 to become a high temperature, and the kneading machine 1 supplies and takes out the material. When it is stopped by, etc., it is not heated and becomes low temperature. That is, it becomes possible to grasp the operating state of the kneader 1 in which the respective branch flow paths 3 are arranged depending on whether the temperature of the refrigerant measured by the temperature measuring unit 16 is high or low.
制御部１７は、それぞれの分岐流路３に設けられた温度計測部１６で計測された温度に応じて、各分岐流路３に設けられた切替弁１５を切り替える構成とされている。具体的には、制御部１７には、過去の計測データなどに基づき混練機１で混練が行われていることを判断可能な温度が閾値として予め入力されている。そして、制御部１７では、温度計測部１６で計測された温度が予め入力された閾値に対して「閾値以上」とされる場合、言い換えればこの温度計測部１６が設けられた分岐流路３の混練機１が混練を行っていると判断できる場合は、切替弁１５に「開」の指令を送る。また、制御部１７では、温度計測部１６で計測された温度が予め入力された閾値に対して「閾値未満」とされる場合、言い換えればこの温度計測部１６が設けられた分岐流路３の混練機１の運転が停止中であると判断できる場合は、切替弁１５に「閉」の指令を送る。 The control unit 17 is configured to switch the switching valve 15 provided in each branch channel 3 in accordance with the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 16 provided in each branch channel 3. Specifically, a temperature at which it can be determined that kneading is being performed in the kneader 1 based on past measurement data or the like is input in advance to the control unit 17 as a threshold value. And in the control part 17, when the temperature measured by the temperature measurement part 16 is made "more than a threshold value" with respect to the threshold value input previously, in other words, the branch flow path 3 provided with the temperature measurement part 16 is provided. If it can be determined that the kneader 1 is kneading, an instruction to open is sent to the switching valve 15. Moreover, in the control part 17, when the temperature measured by the temperature measurement part 16 is made "below threshold value" with respect to the threshold value input previously, in other words, the branch flow path 3 provided with the temperature measurement part 16 is provided. When it can be determined that the operation of the kneader 1 is stopped, a “close” command is sent to the switching valve 15.
このような制御部１７を採用すれば、蓄熱器５に送られる冷媒はすべて混練機１で加熱されたものとなり、それぞれの分岐流路３から循環流路８に合流する冷媒の温度が必要以上に低くなることが抑制され、圧縮機４や蓄熱器５に一定以上の温度の冷媒を安定して供給することが可能となる。言い換えれば、圧縮機４に送られる冷媒の温度が低くなり過ぎることがないので、蓄熱器５で冷媒から熱エネルギを安定して取り出すことが可能となる。 If such a control part 17 is employ | adopted, all the refrigerant | coolants sent to the thermal accumulator 5 will be what was heated with the kneader 1, and the temperature of the refrigerant | coolant merged from each branch flow path 3 to the circulation flow path 8 is more than necessary. Therefore, it becomes possible to stably supply a refrigerant having a certain temperature or higher to the compressor 4 or the heat accumulator 5. In other words, since the temperature of the refrigerant sent to the compressor 4 does not become too low, the heat accumulator 5 can stably extract heat energy from the refrigerant.
切替弁１５は、複数に分岐した分岐流路３のそれぞれに対して、冷媒の流通を遮断可能なものである。このような切替弁１５には、制御部１７からの指令などにより電磁式の弁体を個別に開閉可能な電磁式の遮断弁を複数の流路のそれぞれに備え、これらの遮断弁により複数の流路の中から特定の流路だけを択一的に遮断可能なものなどを用いることができる。 The switching valve 15 is capable of blocking the flow of the refrigerant with respect to each of the branch flow paths 3 branched into a plurality. Such a switching valve 15 is provided with an electromagnetic shut-off valve that can individually open and close the electromagnetic valve body according to a command from the control unit 17 in each of the plurality of flow paths. What can selectively block only a specific flow path from the flow paths can be used.
また、切替弁１５は、混練機１の入側の分岐流路３だけでなく出側の分岐流路３にも設けられるのが好ましい。このように切替弁１５を出側の分岐流路３にも設けておけば、運転停止中の混練機１に配設された分岐流路３にある低温の冷媒が、分岐流路３同士の合流位置から圧縮機４や蓄熱器５側に流れ込むことがなくなり、蓄熱器５において冷媒から熱エネルギをさらに安定して取り出すことが可能となる。 Moreover, it is preferable that the switching valve 15 is provided not only in the inlet side branch channel 3 of the kneader 1 but also in the outlet side branch channel 3. If the switching valve 15 is also provided in the outlet branch flow path 3 in this way, the low-temperature refrigerant in the branch flow path 3 disposed in the kneading machine 1 that is not in operation is allowed to flow between the branch flow paths 3. The compressor 4 and the heat accumulator 5 do not flow from the merging position, and the heat accumulator 5 can further stably extract the heat energy from the refrigerant.
次に、上述した第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２を用いて廃熱を回収して利用する方法、言い換えれば本発明の廃熱利用方法を図３を用いて説明する。
本発明の混練機１の廃熱利用方法は、上述した第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２を用いて廃熱を回収するに際して、複数の分岐流路３間で、複数の混練機１の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替えることを特徴としている。言い換えれば、本発明の廃熱利用方法は、複数の混練機１のうち、混練が行われている混練機１を通る分岐流路３のみから冷媒を圧縮機４や蓄熱器５に送ることで、蓄熱器５で蓄熱に用いられる冷媒の温度を安定化させるものであるということもできる。
Next, a method for recovering and using waste heat using the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment described above, in other words, a waste heat utilization method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The waste heat utilization method of the kneading machine 1 according to the present invention is a method of recovering waste heat using the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment described above. It is characterized by switching the branching destination of the refrigerant according to the operating situation. In other words, the waste heat utilization method of the present invention is such that the refrigerant is sent to the compressor 4 and the heat accumulator 5 only from the branch flow path 3 passing through the kneading machine 1 where the kneading is performed among the plurality of kneading machines 1. It can also be said that the temperature of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat accumulator 5 is stabilized.
つまり、図３（ａ）及び図３（ｂ）に示すように、３基の混練機１に対して、それぞれの分岐流路３を通じて冷媒が供給されている廃熱利用装置２を用いて、廃熱を回収する場合を考える。
循環流路８を流れてきた冷媒は切替部に設けられた上流側の切替弁１５で分岐されて各分岐流路３に沿って混練機１に供給され、混練機１の周囲を巡回しつつ流れることで熱交換され、気化（蒸発）される。
That is, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 in which the refrigerant is supplied to the three kneaders 1 through the respective branch flow paths 3, Consider the case of recovering waste heat.
The refrigerant flowing through the circulation channel 8 is branched by the upstream switching valve 15 provided in the switching unit, supplied to the kneader 1 along each branch channel 3, and circulates around the kneader 1. Heat exchanges by flowing and vaporization (evaporation).
例えば、ゴムの製造ラインのような製造現場では、３基の混練機１があっても、そのうち１基は混練停止中となっていることが多い。このような場合でも、切替部では、分岐流路３を流れる冷媒の温度を温度計測部１６で計測し、温度計測部１６で計測された冷媒の温度が所定の温度（閾値）より低い場合は、この分岐流路３が配設された混練機１で混練が行われていないと判断して、切替弁１５を「閉」にする。また、残りの２基の混練機１を流れる分岐流路３で、温度計測部１６で計測された冷媒の温度が所定の温度以上である場合は、この分岐流路３が配設された混練機１で混練が行われていると判断して、切替弁１５を「開」にする。 For example, in a production site such as a rubber production line, even if there are three kneaders 1, one of them is often in a kneading stoppage. Even in such a case, in the switching unit, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the branch flow path 3 is measured by the temperature measuring unit 16, and the temperature of the refrigerant measured by the temperature measuring unit 16 is lower than a predetermined temperature (threshold). Then, it is determined that the kneading machine 1 provided with the branch flow path 3 is not kneaded, and the switching valve 15 is closed. Further, in the branch flow path 3 flowing through the remaining two kneaders 1, when the temperature of the refrigerant measured by the temperature measuring unit 16 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the kneading in which the branch flow path 3 is disposed. It is determined that the kneading is performed in the machine 1, and the switching valve 15 is opened.
このようにすれば、混練停止中の分岐流路３の冷媒は循環流路８に流れ込まず、混練中の混練機１を通る分岐流路３を流通する冷媒だけが循環流路８に流れ込み、冷媒の温度を所定の温度以上として、圧縮機４で冷媒の圧縮を行ったり、蓄熱器５で安定して熱エネルギを回収したりすることが可能となる。
次に、上述のようにして各混練機１で熱エネルギを回収した気体の冷媒は圧縮機４で圧縮されて高温になる。そして、圧縮機４において圧縮されて高温となった冷媒は蓄熱器５に送られ、蓄熱器５で凝縮される。この蓄熱器５での凝縮の際に冷媒が潜熱に相当する熱エネルギを放熱し、放熱された熱エネルギが蓄熱器５に蓄熱される。具体的には、蓄熱器５では、蓄熱材が相変化するなどして熱を蓄えられるようになっており、相変化などを利用して冷媒から放熱された熱エネルギを蓄熱できるようになっている。
In this way, the refrigerant in the branch flow path 3 during the kneading stop does not flow into the circulation flow path 8, but only the refrigerant flowing through the branch flow path 3 passing through the kneading machine 1 being kneaded flows into the circulation flow path 8. It becomes possible to compress the refrigerant with the compressor 4 and to recover the heat energy stably with the heat accumulator 5 by setting the temperature of the refrigerant to a predetermined temperature or higher.
Next, the gaseous refrigerant whose thermal energy has been recovered by each kneader 1 as described above is compressed by the compressor 4 and becomes high temperature. Then, the refrigerant that has been compressed in the compressor 4 and has reached a high temperature is sent to the heat accumulator 5 and condensed in the heat accumulator 5. During the condensation in the regenerator 5, the refrigerant dissipates heat energy corresponding to latent heat, and the dissipated heat energy is stored in the regenerator 5. Specifically, in the heat accumulator 5, heat can be stored by changing the phase of the heat storage material, and the heat energy radiated from the refrigerant can be stored using the phase change or the like. Yes.
一方、蓄熱器５で凝縮されて液体に戻った冷媒は減圧弁７に送られて、減圧弁７でさらに減圧されて再び混練機１に送られて熱回収に利用される。
上述した第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２であれば、複数の混練機１が複数の分岐流路３に分かれて並列に接続されているため、複数の混練機１のうち一部の混練機１が停止状態となっている場合であっても、蓄熱器５に送られる冷媒の温度を複数の分岐流路３の中で全体として安定させることが可能となる。
On the other hand, the refrigerant condensed in the heat accumulator 5 and returned to the liquid is sent to the pressure reducing valve 7, further decompressed by the pressure reducing valve 7, sent to the kneader 1 again, and used for heat recovery.
In the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment described above, a plurality of kneaders 1 are divided into a plurality of branch channels 3 and connected in parallel, so that some of the kneaders 1 are kneaded. Even when the machine 1 is stopped, the temperature of the refrigerant sent to the heat accumulator 5 can be stabilized as a whole in the plurality of branch flow paths 3.
例えば、図１に記載した数値は、５００ｋＷの発熱がある混練機１を３基並列に備えた混練設備に設けられた廃熱利用装置２において、０．１ＭＰａで２５℃の代替フロン（Ｒ２４５ｃａ）を冷媒として用いて混練機１で発生する廃熱を回収した場合のものである。この例では、圧縮機４で冷媒を圧縮する際に２２８ｋＷのエネルギが必要となるが、間歇運転をする３基の混練機１からでも６９４ｋＷの熱エネルギが蓄熱器５に廃熱として回収されている。このことから本発明の廃熱利用装置２を用いれば、蓄熱器５に安定して熱エネルギを蓄熱することが可能になると判断される。 For example, the numerical values shown in FIG. 1 are the values of the alternative chlorofluorocarbon (R245ca) at 0.1 MPa and 25 ° C. in the waste heat utilization device 2 provided in the kneading facility equipped with three kneaders 1 having a heat generation of 500 kW in parallel. Is used when waste heat generated in the kneader 1 is recovered using as a refrigerant. In this example, when the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 4, 228 kW of energy is required, but 694 kW of thermal energy is recovered as waste heat in the regenerator 5 even from the three kneaders 1 that are intermittently operated. Yes. From this, it is determined that if the waste heat utilization device 2 of the present invention is used, the heat accumulator 5 can stably store heat energy.
つまり、複数の分岐流路３のうち、停止状態となっている混練機１を通る分岐流路３を通る冷媒の流通を切替部の切替弁１５が遮断し、運転状態の混練機１を通る分岐流路３を通る冷媒の流通だけが許容される。そのため、蓄熱器５に供給される冷媒はいずれも混練機１で熱エネルギを回収して高温となったものだけとなり、蓄熱器５に供給される冷媒の温度を十分に蓄熱が可能な温度に維持することが可能となる。それゆえ、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２では、複数の混練機１で不連続的（間歇的）に発生した熱エネルギを用いても、蓄熱器５に安定して熱エネルギを蓄熱することが可能となる。 That is, among the plurality of branch channels 3, the switching valve 15 of the switching unit blocks the refrigerant flow through the branch channel 3 that passes through the kneading machine 1 that is stopped, and passes through the kneader 1 in the operating state. Only the flow of refrigerant through the branch channel 3 is allowed. Therefore, the refrigerant supplied to the heat accumulator 5 is only the one that has recovered the heat energy in the kneader 1 and has become a high temperature, and the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the heat accumulator 5 is set to a temperature that can sufficiently store heat. Can be maintained. Therefore, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment, even when the thermal energy generated discontinuously (intermittently) in the plurality of kneaders 1 is used, the thermal energy is stably stored in the heat accumulator 5. It becomes possible.
また、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２では、分岐流路３で蒸発した比較的低温の冷媒（冷媒ガス）を圧縮して高温にし、次に蓄熱器５で冷媒を凝縮させて放熱させ、放熱された熱を蓄熱器５の蓄熱材に蓄えるようになっている。つまり、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２では、放熱された熱エネルギが蓄熱材に一旦蓄熱されてから廃熱利用に用いられるので、廃熱の発生状態によらず廃熱の利用量を平均化することができ、廃熱を安定して利用することが可能となる。 Moreover, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of 1st Embodiment, the comparatively low-temperature refrigerant | coolant (refrigerant gas) evaporated in the branch flow path 3 is compressed, it is made high temperature, and the refrigerant | coolant is then condensed in the heat accumulator 5, and it thermally radiates. The heat dissipated is stored in the heat storage material of the heat accumulator 5. That is, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment, the radiated heat energy is once stored in the heat storage material and then used for waste heat utilization. Therefore, the waste heat utilization amount is reduced regardless of the waste heat generation state. It is possible to average, and it is possible to use waste heat stably.
さらに、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２では、図３（ａ）に示されるように混練機１で発生する熱エネルギを一時的に蓄熱器５に蓄熱し、図３（ｂ）に示されるように廃熱を利用するときにだけ蓄熱取出部６を用いて蓄熱された熱エネルギを取り出す構成とされている。このように蓄熱器５に蓄熱された熱エネルギを必要に応じて取り出して利用する廃熱利用装置２を用いれば、混練機１での熱エネルギの発生状態の影響を受けることなく蓄熱器５から常に安定した熱エネルギを取り出すことが可能となる。それゆえ、第１実施形態の廃熱利用装置２では、廃熱を利用する際には、温度などが安定した温水を利用したり、安定した発電効率で発電することが可能となり、廃熱の再利用する際の利便性を高めることが可能となる。
［第２実施形態］
次に、第２実施形態の廃熱利用装置２について説明する。
Furthermore, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of 1st Embodiment, as shown to Fig.3 (a), the heat energy which generate | occur | produces with the kneader 1 is temporarily stored in the thermal accumulator 5, and it shows in FIG.3 (b). As described above, only when the waste heat is used, the stored heat extraction unit 6 is used to extract the stored heat energy. Thus, if the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 which takes out the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage 5 as needed and uses it is used, it will be from the thermal storage 5 without being influenced by the generation state of the thermal energy in the kneader 1. It becomes possible to always take out stable heat energy. Therefore, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the first embodiment, when utilizing waste heat, it becomes possible to use hot water having a stable temperature or the like, or to generate power with stable power generation efficiency. Convenience at the time of reuse can be improved.
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated.
図４に示すように、第２実施形態の廃熱利用装置２は、圧縮機４の上流側を流れる冷媒と、蓄熱器５の下流側を流れる冷媒とを熱交換する熱交換器１８を有する構成を採用している。
すなわち、第２実施形態の廃熱利用装置２では、複数の分岐流路３が合流する切替弁１５から圧縮機４に向かう循環流路８を流れる冷媒（気体の冷媒）を２次側に供給し、蓄熱器５から減圧弁７に向かう循環流路８を流れる冷媒を１次側に供給し、両冷媒間で熱交換を行う構成となっている。
As shown in FIG. 4, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the second embodiment includes a heat exchanger 18 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing upstream of the compressor 4 and the refrigerant flowing downstream of the heat accumulator 5. The configuration is adopted.
That is, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the second embodiment, the refrigerant (gaseous refrigerant) flowing through the circulation flow path 8 toward the compressor 4 from the switching valve 15 where the plurality of branch flow paths 3 merge is supplied to the secondary side. The refrigerant flowing through the circulation flow path 8 from the heat accumulator 5 toward the pressure reducing valve 7 is supplied to the primary side, and heat is exchanged between the two refrigerants.
つまり、圧縮機４を流通した気体の冷媒は、圧縮機４で圧縮されて高温となっている。それゆえ、蓄熱器５で蓄熱に用いられた後でも、比較的大きな熱エネルギを余っている場合がある。この余っている熱エネルギは、減圧弁７で膨張される際に失われるので、この失われる熱エネルギを回収すれば、蓄熱器５での熱エネルギの回収効率をさらに高くすることが可能となる。
［第３実施形態］
次に、第３実施形態の廃熱利用装置２について説明する。
That is, the gaseous refrigerant flowing through the compressor 4 is compressed by the compressor 4 and has a high temperature. Therefore, even after being used for heat storage in the heat accumulator 5, there may be a case where a relatively large amount of heat energy is left. Since this surplus thermal energy is lost when it is expanded by the pressure reducing valve 7, if this lost thermal energy is recovered, the recovery efficiency of the thermal energy in the heat accumulator 5 can be further increased. .
[Third Embodiment]
Next, the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated.
図５に示すように、第３実施形態の廃熱利用装置２は、上述した蓄熱器５が他の蓄熱器１９と交換可能とされている、言い換えれば上述した循環流路８に設けられる蓄熱器５との間に熱交換が可能な別の蓄熱器１９（以降、第２の蓄熱器１９という）が蓄熱取出部６に設けられたものである。この第２の蓄熱器１９としては例えばカートリッジ式の蓄熱器などのように持ち運び可能な蓄熱器を用いることができる。 As shown in FIG. 5, in the waste heat utilization apparatus 2 of the third embodiment, the above-described heat accumulator 5 can be replaced with another heat accumulator 19, in other words, the heat accumulation provided in the circulation channel 8 described above. Another heat accumulator 19 (hereinafter referred to as a second heat accumulator 19) capable of exchanging heat with the cooler 5 is provided in the heat accumulating section 6. As the second heat accumulator 19, a portable heat accumulator such as a cartridge-type heat accumulator can be used.
このような第２の蓄熱器１９を用いて混練機１で発生する熱エネルギを持ち運びできるようにすれば、混練機１とは場所的に離れた位置にある設備や施設でも廃熱を利用できるようになり、さらに廃熱の利用範囲を広げることが可能となる。
なお、今回開示された実施形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。特に、今回開示された実施形態において、明示的に開示されていない事項、例えば、運転条件や操業条件、各種パラメータ、構成物の寸法、重量、体積などは、当業者が通常実施する範囲を逸脱するものではなく、通常の当業者であれば、容易に想定することが可能な値を採用している。
If the second heat accumulator 19 can be used to carry the heat energy generated in the kneading machine 1, the waste heat can be used even in facilities and facilities located away from the kneading machine 1. As a result, the range of utilization of waste heat can be further expanded.
The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. In particular, in the embodiment disclosed this time, matters that are not explicitly disclosed, for example, operating conditions and operating conditions, various parameters, dimensions, weights, volumes, and the like of a component deviate from a range that a person skilled in the art normally performs. Instead, values that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art are employed.
１ 混練機
２ 廃熱利用装置
３ 分岐流路
４ 圧縮機
５ 蓄熱器
６ 蓄熱取出部
７ 減圧弁
８ 循環流路
１３ 供給配管
１４ ポンプ
１５ 切替弁
１６ 温度計測部
１７ 制御部
１８ 熱交換器
１９ 第２の蓄熱器
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Kneading machine 2 Waste heat utilization apparatus 3 Branch flow path 4 Compressor 5 Heat storage 6 Heat storage extraction part 7 Pressure reducing valve 8 Circulation flow path 13 Supply piping 14 Pump 15 Changeover valve 16 Temperature measurement part 17 Control part 18 Heat exchanger 19 1st 2 heat accumulator
Claims (4)
前記混練機のそれぞれに冷媒を供給して冷却を行う複数の分岐流路と、
前記複数の分岐流路を流通することで加熱された冷媒を合流させ、合流した冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、
前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮させながら放熱させ、且つ放熱された熱を蓄熱する蓄熱器と、
前記蓄熱器から熱を取り出す蓄熱取出部と、
前記蓄熱器で蓄熱に用いられた冷媒の圧力を下げる減圧弁と、
前記減圧弁で減圧された冷媒を前記複数の分岐流路に再び分岐させて供給する循環流路と、を備えていて、
前記複数の分岐流路には、前記複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替える切替部が設けられており、
前記切替部は、混練機の分岐流路の入側と出側とにそれぞれ切替弁を備えており、前記２つの切替弁を、複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて切り替えるように構成されていることを特徴とする混練機の廃熱利用装置。 A plurality of kneaders;
A plurality of branch channels for cooling by supplying a refrigerant to each of the kneaders;
A compressor that combines the refrigerants heated by flowing through the plurality of branch flow paths and compresses the combined refrigerant;
A heat accumulator that dissipates heat while condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and stores the heat dissipated.
A heat storage outlet for extracting heat from the heat accumulator;
A pressure reducing valve that lowers the pressure of the refrigerant used for heat storage in the heat accumulator;
A circulation flow path for supplying the refrigerant decompressed by the pressure reducing valve again to the plurality of branch flow paths,
The plurality of branch flow paths are provided with a switching unit that switches the branch destination of the refrigerant according to the operation status of the plurality of kneaders ,
The switching unit includes a switching valve on each of the inlet side and the outlet side of the branch flow path of the kneading machine, and is configured to switch the two switching valves according to operating conditions of a plurality of kneaders. A waste heat utilization device for a kneader characterized by comprising:
前記複数の分岐流路の入側と出側において、前記複数の混練機の運転状況に応じて冷媒の分岐先を切り替えることを特徴とする混練機の廃熱利用方法。 A plurality of kneaders, a plurality of branch passages for supplying refrigerant to each of the kneaders for cooling, and a refrigerant heated by flowing through the plurality of branch passages, and the joined refrigerants A compressor to compress, a heat accumulator that dissipates heat while condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and stores a heat stored in the heat accumulator, and a heat accumulator that extracts heat from the heat accumulator, A waste heat utilization apparatus comprising: a pressure reducing valve that lowers the pressure of the refrigerant used in the above; and a circulation flow path that recirculates and supplies the refrigerant decompressed by the pressure reducing valve to the plurality of branch flow paths. When using the waste heat of the kneader,
A waste heat utilization method for a kneading machine, characterized in that the branching destination of the refrigerant is switched in accordance with operating conditions of the plurality of kneading machines on the inlet side and the outlet side of the plurality of branch channels.
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