JP5982675B2 - Wall surface fixing member, manufacturing method thereof, and mounting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a member that is fixed to a wall surface as a body edge or the like for mounting a cover material or the like on a wall surface of a building or a structure, and particularly relates to the member suitable for a wall surface having a curvature. is there.

  Since a building or a structure is generally concrete except in the case of wooden construction and panel construction, the surface is often mortar (concrete). For such surfaces, tile panels and makeup are generally used to improve the aesthetics, improve the antifouling properties of the surface, improve the maintainability such as repair / repair, and improve the maintainability such as repair / repair. Surface materials such as plates are installed. In addition, when the wall surface is an inner wall such as a tunnel, the cover material further provides visibility of the inner wall surface position, road surface conditions, other vehicle positions, obstacles, etc. to the vehicle driver by lighting, vehicle headlights, etc. Also installed to improve. As a method for installing the cover material, there are a direct tension method in which the cover material is directly installed on the wall surface and a floating tension method in which a wall surface fixing member such as a trunk edge or a mounting bracket is installed between the wall surface and the cover material. When the wall surface is an inner wall of a tunnel or the like, if water leaks from the wall surface to the surface of the surface material from the connection part between the surface materials, the surface of the surface material is contaminated and the various performances deteriorate. Is often used, the floating method is often used.

  Wall fixing members used in the case of using the floating tension method are (1) dimensional stability with little expansion / contraction due to moisture, (2) sound insulation / sound absorption, (3) noncombustibility / fire resistance, (4) Long-term durability that does not cause performance deterioration due to expansion and contraction due to temperature change and repeated repetition of water absorption drying, (5) Weather resistance including frost damage resistance that does not cause performance deterioration due to repeated freeze-thawing, (6 ) Fitting shape design with mounting bracket / cutting work at construction site / screw fastening / workability such as screw holding strength, (7) seismic resistance and cracks / cracks / chips during transportation / construction / use High strength that does not occur is required. In addition, when the wall surface is an inner wall such as a tunnel, the wall surface fixing member is required to have salt damage resistance that does not cause rust or corrosion due to a snow melting agent sprayed as a snowfall countermeasure, and water leakage from the wall surface It must be prevented from flowing out to the surface of the cover material from the connection part of the cover material through the fixing member.

  In addition, when the wall surface on which the cover material is installed is a wall surface having a curvature, that is, a tunnel wall surface, an arch culvert inner wall, an arch bridge arch wall surface, a cylindrical / elliptical cylindrical stadium inner / outer wall, a cylindrical exhaust port inner / outer wall . When the wall surface has a two-dimensional curved surface, such as a substantially cylindrical chimney inner wall, an inner / outer wall of a cylindrical tank, or a wall surface having a three-dimensional curved surface, such as a spherical tank or egg-shaped / 繭 -shaped building Because each property has a different curvature, it can be attached to a general-purpose (ie, straight or flat) wall surface fixing member that is fixed to the curved surface, following the curvature of the wall surface at the construction site. Flexibility or toughness is required.

  When attaching a wall surface fixing member having poor flexibility or toughness to a wall surface having a curvature, for example, if the wall surface is concave, the end of the wall surface fixing member contacts or approaches the wall surface, but the center of the wall surface fixing member The part will float. Conversely, if the wall surface is convex, the center portion of the wall surface fixing member contacts or approaches the wall surface, but the end portion of the wall surface fixing member floats. If the wall surface curvature is large and the area and dimensions of the wall surface fixing member are small, there is no problem with a linear or flat wall surface fixing member that is not flexible or tough, but the wall surface curvature is small and the wall surface fixing member When the area or size is large, it is required to give the member flexibility or toughness, or to individually produce a wall surface fixing member that matches the curvature of the wall surface even at high cost.

  Examples of the covering material installed on the wall surface by the floating method through such a wall fixing member include an extruded cement (concrete) plate (for example, Patent Document 1), a fiber reinforced cement plate, a calcium silicate plate, and the like. An inorganic board, a tile panel formed by adhering a tile to the surface of the inorganic board as a substrate (for example, Patent Document 2), a decorative board formed by forming a coating film of an inorganic paint on the surface of the inorganic board, and an enamel steel plate , Decorative aluminum plate, decorative stainless steel plate (for example, Patent Document 3).

JP-A-6-248881 Japanese Patent No. 3509463 JP 7-158391 A

  Conventional body edges and metal angle materials that have been used for the conventional floating tension method are flexible enough to follow the curvature of the wall surface when installed on a wall surface having a curvature. There is a problem of lack of strength or toughness. Organic materials are excellent in flexibility and toughness, but are not suitable as a wall fixing member for buildings or structures because they lack incombustibility and fire resistance.

  Furthermore, when using a trunk edge as a wall fixing member, for a wall with water leakage such as a tunnel, the trunk edge blocks the flow path of the leakage water, so that the leakage flows along the side surface of the trunk edge to the surface material side. There is a problem that the material flows out from the connecting portion between the materials to the surface of the cover material. This problem is particularly remarkable in the case of the horizontal trunk edge, but this problem occurs even in the case of the vertical trunk edge. On the other hand, when the mounting bracket as in Patent Document 2 is used as the wall surface fixing member, water leaks from the wall surface to the surface of the surface material through the wall surface fixing member through the wall surface fixing member. The problem of doing is greatly reduced. However, since a large number of mounting brackets are individually attached to the wall surface, there is a problem that the construction efficiency is worse than when a barrel edge is used as the wall surface fixing member.

  Further, when a metal material is used as the wall surface fixing member, there is a problem that rust and corrosion are likely to occur due to the influence of a snow melting agent or the like.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a construction or construction work when the wall surface fixing member satisfying the above characteristics (1) to (7) is used as a trunk edge, particularly a vertical trunk edge, on a curved wall surface. It can be mounted following the curvature of the wall surface at the site, and when the wall surface fixing member is used on a curved wall surface as a trunk edge, especially as a horizontal trunk edge, it is transmitted from the wall surface to the side surface of the trunk edge. An object of the present invention is to provide a wall surface fixing member that can prevent the leakage of water from flowing out from the connecting portion between the surface materials to the surface of the surface material, and is less prone to rust and corrosion.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a wall surface fixing member according to the present invention is a wall surface fixing member of a ceramic material attached to a wall surface of a building or a structure, and faces the building or structure, An uneven portion is formed on the surface on the contact side (hereinafter referred to as a wall contact side surface during mounting).
According to the wall surface fixing member of the present invention, the above-mentioned properties (1) to (7) required for the wall surface fixing member are satisfied by being formed of a ceramic material, and an uneven portion is formed on the side wall contact surface during mounting. To do. This uneven | corrugated | grooved part deform | transforms when the surface becomes a tensile stress surface at the time of attaching a wall surface fixing member as a vertical trunk edge to the wall surface which has a curvature. By deforming the uneven portion, the wall surface fixing member of the present invention is improved in flexibility or toughness, and can be attached following the curvature of the wall surface at the construction site of the building or structure. Furthermore, since the convex part of this concavo-convex part becomes a point contact or a line contact with the wall surface, and the concave part becomes a space connecting both side walls and water leakage can pass through, the wall surface when the wall surface fixing member is attached as a lateral trunk edge It is possible to prevent water leakage from flowing along the side surface of the fixing member to the surface material side and outflowing from the connection part between the surface materials to the surface of the surface material.

Preferably, the uneven portions of the wall surface fixing member of the present invention are a plurality of protrusions protruding from the wall contact side surface during mounting, a plurality of recessed holes recessed from the wall contact side surface during mounting, or a wall contact side surface during mounting. You may make it be comprised by either of the provided several wavelike part. Further, the protruding portion may be formed in an elongated rib shape, and the recessed hole portion may be formed in an elongated groove shape.
In this embodiment, the uneven portion can be easily formed on the wall contact side surface of the wall material fixing member of the ceramic material by post-processing after molding, or by pressing or embossing using a die at the time of molding, particularly at the time of extrusion molding. Can be formed. The mold is not limited to a flat plate shape, and a roller shape can also be used.

Preferably, the rib-like projecting portion, groove-like recessed hole portion, or corrugated portion of the wall surface fixing member of the present invention may be formed in a direction perpendicular to the long side of the wall surface fixing member.
In this embodiment, the curved wall surface having a curvature is fixed by following the curvature along the long side of the wall surface fixing member as a vertical trunk edge, that is, while deforming the wall surface fixing member so as to follow the curved surface. can do.

Preferably, the shape of the concavo-convex portion of the wall surface fixing member of the present invention may be formed in a number of cones, truncated cones, pyramids or truncated pyramids.
Even in this embodiment, not only can the wall surface fixing member be deformed so that the long side of the wall surface fixing member follows the curved surface as the vertical body edge, but also the wall surface fixing member ( There is no problem that the water leaks along the side surface of the body edge and flows out to the surface material side, and flows out from the connection part between the surface materials to the surface of the surface material. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the convex part of the concavo-convex part is in point contact with the wall surface, and the concave part becomes a space connecting both side walls to allow water leakage to pass. Since the area of the parallel surface can be minimized, not only the flexibility and toughness in the direction along the long side but also the flexibility and toughness in all other directions can be improved.

Preferably, in the wall surface fixing member of the present invention, a mounting through-hole penetrating between the wall contact side surface at the time of mounting and the open side surface at the opposite side is formed, The open side height when mounted has a height dimension equal to or greater than the protruding height of the portion of the fixed bracket that protrudes from the open side surface during mounting around the fixing bracket that fixes the wall fixing member to the mounted wall surface using the through hole. A cross section of the mounting through-hole in the fixing bracket around the fixing bracket that fixes the wall fixing member to the mounted wall surface using the mounting through-hole on the open side surface when mounting is formed You may make it form the fixed part embedding part of the depth dimension which can embed the fixed nail | claw or the fixed head part which protruded from the dimension.
In the present embodiment, since the fixing claws or fixed head portion of the fixing bracket can be made lower in height than the mounting during opening side flush or mounted upon opening side, to improve the aesthetics, yet another on the wall fixing member The base of the ceramic material when the members are stacked can be made flat.

Preferably, the wall surface fixing member of the present invention is formed from a ceramic material obtained by extruding a hydraulic cement composition containing a fibrous material, and the fibrous material has a fiber length. Is a polyethylene fiber (PE), polypropylene fiber (PP), or polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) having a fiber diameter of 3 to 100 mm, a fiber diameter of 5 to 200 μm, and an aspect ratio of 100 to 1000. The volume mixing ratio may be 1% to 10%.
In this embodiment, the ceramic material includes a fibrous material, and the fiber length, fiber diameter, and aspect ratio of the fibrous material are controlled, so that the flexibility or toughness and flexibility of the ceramic material are increased. Can be improved.

In order to solve the above-described problem, a method for attaching a wall surface fixing member according to the present invention is a method for attaching each wall surface fixing member to a wall surface having a curvature of a building or a structure. The wall contact side surface at the time of attachment in which the uneven part is formed is directed to the wall surface side having a curvature, and is fixed to the wall surface in a state of being bent by following the curvature.
According to the mounting method of the wall surface fixing member of the present invention, the wall surface fixing member is attached to the wall surface of the building or the structure by constructing the uneven portion formed on the wall contact side surface at the time of mounting on the wall surface side having a curvature. It can be attached to follow the curvature.

  According to the wall surface fixing member of the present invention, the characteristics required of the wall surface fixing member are satisfied, and when the wall surface having a curved surface is used as a trunk edge, particularly as a vertical trunk edge, It can be mounted following the curvature, and when the wall fixing member is used as a trunk edge, especially a horizontal trunk edge, on a curved wall surface, water leakage from the wall surface is displayed along the side surface of the trunk edge. The wall surface fixing member which can prevent flowing out to the surface of a surface covering material from the connection part of materials, etc. can be provided.

It is a diagram showing a case where the inner wall of the tunnel having a curvature is constructed as a vertical trunk edge as an example of the wall surface fixing member of the present invention, and further the case where the surface material is constructed by the floating tension method, (a) shows the middle of construction, (B) shows after construction. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state which aligned the wall surface fixing member as a vertical trunk edge before a deformation | transformation to the attachment position of the inner wall of the tunnel which has a curvature of FIG. 1 (a), (b) is FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which carried out the surface covering material further to the vertical trunk edge of a), and was constructed by the tension method. (A) is an enlarged view showing a state in which a wall surface fixing member as a vertical body edge is constructed on the inner wall of the tunnel having the curvature of FIG. 1 (a), and (b) is an enlarged view of the body of FIG. It is an enlarged view which shows the case where one sheet | seat covering material is further constructed in the edge. It is an expansion perspective view of 1st Embodiment (groove | groove) of the trunk edge shown to FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of 2nd Embodiment (waveform) of the trunk edge shown to FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of 3rd Embodiment (random) of the trunk edge shown to FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of 4th Embodiment (protrusion) of the trunk edge shown to FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of 5th Embodiment (hole) of the trunk edge shown to FIG. It is an expansion perspective view of 6th Embodiment (square pyramid) of the trunk edge shown in FIGS. It is a perspective view which shows the fixing hole and anchor bolt in the case of fixing the vertical trunk edge of FIG. In 1st Embodiment, it is an expansion perspective view at the time of providing a further stop groove.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the wall surface fixing member of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, a case will be described in which a cover is installed on the inner wall surface 2 in a tunnel having a substantially circular cross section in consideration of drainage properties in the longitudinal direction, and the outer covering material is installed.
The tunnel 1 in FIGS. 1A and 1B is an inner road R = 5, 400 mm, for example, in the case of a highway, and an inner diameter R = 4, 800 mm, for example, in a national road, for example, an inner diameter R = 4 In the case of a railway of 500 mm, for example, it has an inner wall surface 2 whose section is curved in an arc shape with a curvature such as an inner diameter R = 3,500 mm. In this embodiment, the inner diameter R is set to 5000 mm as an example. Although it is possible to construct the cover material 31 directly on the inner wall surface 2, in order to secure a drainage channel when there is a lot of water leakage (spring water) from the top to the bottom on the inner wall surface 2, After the trunk edge 11 which is a wall surface fixing member to be constructed on the inner wall surface 2 is installed in the vertical direction (vertical direction), the cover material 31 is constructed thereon.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the trunk edge 11 is made of a ceramic material such as cement containing a fibrous material in order to improve flexibility or toughness and flexibility. Thickness L1 (refer FIG. 4) is formed with 30 mm. The total thickness L1 = 30 mm includes the width L4 of the 6 mm concave / convex layer 78 on the wall contact side surface 72 and the depth L7 of the bolt head receiving groove 76 of 8 mm as shown in FIG. The thickness width L3 is 16 mm. Further, the width L2 of the trunk edge 11 may be in a range of about 30 mm to 200 mm, and in the case of the present embodiment, it is set to 50 mm. Moreover, the length dimension of the trunk edge 11 should just be the range of about 1000 mm thru | or 4000 mm, and was 1820 mm in this embodiment.

  As described above, the thickness width L3 of the solid portion of the present embodiment is 16 mm. However, the total thickness dimension of the trunk edge 11 is preferably about 20 mm or more when the uneven layer 78 width L4 of 6 mm is combined. This is because, when the thickness dimension of the trunk edge 11 is less than 20 mm, the trunk edge 11 can be deformed along the inner wall surface 2 even if it does not have the concave-convex layer 78, so that the concave-convex layer is not necessary. Because. For example, according to an experiment by the present inventor, a solid trunk edge having a thickness of 15 mm was able to be bent by a field worker according to the curved surface of the inner wall 2 of the tunnel by human power without causing cracks or cracks. . However, the thickness dimension of the trunk edge 11 is about 20 mm or more. For example, a solid trunk edge having a thickness dimension of 30 mm or more cannot be bent by the field worker according to the curved surface of the inner wall 2 of the tunnel. there were.

  When the concave and convex layer 78 of the trunk edge 11 is attached, the plurality of elongated groove-like concave holes 75 on the wall contact side surface 72 are penetrated from one end to the other end of the width dimension L <b> 2 of the trunk edge 11 and the depth of the concave and convex layer 78. It is a continuous groove with a width L4 = 6 mm. Further, the recessed hole portion 75 has, for example, an opening width of 3 mm, and an inter-groove portion 74 between the grooves is 15 mm. In this way, by providing the groove-shaped concave hole portion 75 with regularity on the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment, which is a tensile stress surface when the curved surface is fixed, a kind of buffer portion for the tensile stress when the curved surface is fixed is formed. As a result, cracks and cracks due to tensile stress can be greatly relieved. Further, in place of the elongated groove-like concave hole portion 75, a similar effect can be obtained by providing an elongated rib-like projecting portion extending from one end to the other end of the width dimension L 2 of the trunk edge 11 on the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment. Can be obtained.

  On the side opposite to the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment of the trunk edge 11, that is, on the open side surface 73 at the time of attachment, a protruding head portion (for example, the figure) of a fixing fitting (for example, anchor bolt 51) for fixing the wall surface fixing member to the wall surface to be mounted. A height adjusting portion 77 having a height dimension equal to or greater than the protruding height of the ten bolt heads 52) is formed. The height adjusting portion 77 has both ends in the width direction of the trunk edge 11 around the fixing bracket (anchor bolt) 51 raised like a bank along the longitudinal direction, and the fixing bracket 51 is disposed in the groove 76 therebetween. Can do. Alternatively, an attachment through hole 79 is formed in the groove 76 of the trunk edge 11 so as to penetrate between the attachment wall contact side surface 72 and the opposite attachment side opening side surface 73. The fixing claw or the fixing protruding from the cross-sectional dimension of the mounting through hole 79 in the fixing bracket 51 around the fixing bracket (anchor bolt 51) for fixing the wall fixing member to the mounted wall surface using the mounting through hole 79 A fixed portion burying portion 76 having a depth dimension capable of burying the head portion 52 can be formed.

  The trunk edge 11 is disposed at a predetermined position on the inner wall surface 2 as shown in FIG. In this case, the distance between the central portion of the trunk edge 11 and the curved surface of the inner wall 2 of the tunnel was 83.51 mm, for example. That is, a gap of about 80 mm is left.

  From this state, the center part of the trunk edge 11 is pressed from the inside to the wall surface 2 side, so that the trunk edge 11 is shown in FIGS. 2B and 3A due to its flexibility or toughness. In addition, the trunk edge 11 is deformed along the inner wall surface 2. The trunk edge 11 is fixed on the inner wall surface 2 by the anchor bolt 200 through the through hole 79 shown in FIG. 10 while being deformed as shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B. Is done. The through hole 79 may be formed when the trunk edge 11 is molded, or may be formed at a work site. In this embodiment, the trunk edge 11 is installed so that the long side is in the vertical direction in order to ensure drainage / breathability. For example, when the drainage can be ignored, the trunk edge 11 is installed in the horizontal direction. May be. Moreover, you may use the trunk edge 11 with respect to the flat surface which does not have a curvature in the inner wall surfaces 2, such as a box culvert.

  A cover material 31 is further arranged on the inner edge 11 (on the inner surface side) fixed on the inner wall surface 2, and as with the case of only the trunk edge 11, the cover material 31 is moved together with the trunk edge 11 by the anchor bolt 200. Fixed on the wall 2. The positions of the anchor bolt 200 and the through hole 79 with respect to the trunk edge 11 may be, for example, two places near the upper and lower ends of the trunk edge 11 and one or more places in the middle thereof.

  The trunk edge 11 can be extruded from a hydraulic cement composition by a normal mold and molding machine for a cement-based composition. The same applies to the fiber-reinforced hydraulic cement composition described later. The molded article thus extruded may be naturally cured as it is, or may be accelerated and cured in high-temperature steam. Further, it may be accelerated and cured in a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave as long as there is no problem with the physical properties of the molded product.

  The elongated groove-like concave hole portion 75 may be formed by post-processing on the extruded molded body, but if possible, a mold is used during extrusion molding (before curing or in the middle of curing). Then, it is preferable to form by pressing or embossing because the cost can be reduced. In addition, even if it changes in order to respond | correspond to embossing about dimensions, such as 3 mm of the opening width of the above-mentioned recessed hole part 75, or 15 mm of the groove part 74, it depends on the tensile stress at the time of curved surface fixation of this invention. The effect of greatly reducing cracks and cracks can be obtained sufficiently.

  When the mold is used, first, the basic shape of the wall surface fixing member of the present embodiment is manufactured by extrusion so that the wall contact side surface at the time of attachment is flat. Next, a mold having a predetermined shape corresponding to the concavo-convex shape of the concavo-convex layer 78 is placed and pressed on the side wall contact side surface during installation. Thereby, the uneven | corrugated layer 78 is formed in the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment. After the pressurization is finished, the wall surface fixing member of the present embodiment can be manufactured by removing the mold and curing and curing. In addition, a metal mold | die can also be shape | molded continuously using not only planar shape but a roller-shaped thing. If it is not appropriate to use a mold, the uneven layer 78 is formed on the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment by post-processing using a tool.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11, a stop groove 81 can be formed on the side wall 80 of the trunk edge 11 along the longitudinal direction of the trunk edge 11. If the stop flow groove 81 is formed, it is more effective in preventing leakage of water from the connection portion of the cover material to the surface side.

  The hydraulic cement composition is, for example, a material containing at least hydraulic cement that hardens by a chemical reaction with water. The hydraulic cement is not particularly limited as long as it is hardened by a chemical reaction with water. For example, various portland cement, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, alumina cement, silica cement, magnesia cement, sulfate cement, etc. All are usable.

  The surface covering material 31 is a wall surface fixing member fixed to the inner wall surface 2, and is, for example, a ceramic panel such as a ceramic siding, a wood panel, a lightweight cellular concrete panel, or the like. The cover material 31 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trunk edge 11 and is fixed to the trunk edge 11 and the inner wall 2 with a long anchor bolt 51 that reaches the inner wall 2. The plurality of elongated groove-like concave hole portions 75 of the present embodiment may be provided in the surface covering material 31 and the surface covering material 31 may be directly installed on the inner wall surface 2. In other words, the plurality of elongated groove-like recessed hole portions 75 of the present embodiment are the outer covering material 31 that can be installed on the inner wall surface 2, or the intermediate structure (the trunk edge) that is used to fix the outer covering material 31 to the inner wall surface 2. 11).

  According to the inventor's experiment, when a fibrous material is included in the hydraulic cement composition of the trunk edge 11, the above-described anchor bolt retention improvement effect and cement molded body toughness improvement effect are obtained. Obtained. For this reason, in the cement-based material matrix of the present embodiment, for example, hydraulic cement includes a fibrous material. This fiber-reinforced hydraulic cement composition is molded to form the trunk edge 11. The composition contains a siliceous raw material, pulp and water-soluble cellulose, which will be described later, and may further contain an admixture such as a water reducing agent, mineral fibers, and a lightweight aggregate.

  As a fiber mix | blended with the above hydraulic cement compositions, Preferably it is PE fiber, PP fiber, or PVA fiber, and a PVA fiber is preferable from a viewpoint of especially effective intensity | strength expression. This is because the fiber material contained in the cementitious material contains either PE fiber, PP fiber or PVA fiber, so that its high flexibility or toughness, etc., enables higher energy absorption capacity and higher possibility. It is considered that flexibility or toughness and a large load resistance could be obtained. Moreover, as a fiber mix | blended with a hydraulic composition, an aramid fiber, an acrylic resin, a carbon fiber, a polyamide fiber, a polyester fiber etc. other than above-mentioned PE fiber, PP fiber, or PVA fiber are mentioned.

  When PP fiber is used as the fiber material of the polymer resin contained in the cement-based material of the trunk edge 11, the fiber length is 3 to 15 mm, preferably 6 to 12 mm, and the fiber diameter is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 10 to 10 mm. It is desirable that the thickness is 30 μm and the aspect ratio is 150 to 1000, preferably 200 to 700. The “aspect ratio” of the fiber is a value obtained by dividing the fiber length by the diameter of an equivalent circle having the same area as the area of the fiber cross section.

  When PE fibers are used as the fiber material of the polymer resin contained in the cement-based material of the trunk edge 11, the fiber length is 3 to 15 mm, preferably 6 to 12 mm, and the fiber diameter is 5 to 40 μm, preferably 10 to 10 mm. It is desirable that the thickness is 30 μm and the aspect ratio is 150 to 1000, preferably 200 to 700.

  When the PVA fiber is used as a fiber material of a polymer resin contained in the cement-based material of the trunk edge 11, the fiber length is 3 to 100 mm, preferably 3 to 50 mm, more preferably 3 to 15 mm, and the fiber diameter is 5 It is desirable that the particle diameter is ˜200 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm, and the aspect ratio is 1100 to 1000, preferably 150 to 400.

  The said fiber is mix | blended so that the volume mixing rate in the molded object after hardening may be 1-10%, Preferably it is 2-7%. This is because it exhibits a multiple cracking performance preferable as a cement-based extruded product used in the present invention. In addition, by exhibiting multiple crack performance, it becomes easy to fix to the wall surface which has a curvature, bending along the curved surface on-site. If the fiber volume mixing ratio is smaller, the stress concentrated on the crack can not be supported and the multiple cracking property cannot be exhibited. On the other hand, if the volume mixing ratio is larger, the contact portion between the fibers increases and hinders the integration with the cement, so that a sufficient reinforcing effect cannot be obtained, and the multiple crack property cannot be exhibited. In the present invention, the “multiple crack” means the following. When bending stress is applied and the initial crack is formed in the hardened cement body, the stress concentrates on the cracked portion, and the normal hardened cement body breaks as it is. That is, fracture occurs at the stage of elastic deformation where the stress-strain curve becomes a straight line. Therefore, energy absorption ability is low and exhibits brittle fracture. On the other hand, even after the first crack is entered, there is a phenomenon in which the entire material does not immediately break, and a plurality of cracks are generated following the first crack. This is called multiple cracks. When multiple cracks are generated, the stress is dispersed, so even after the first cracks are generated, they can withstand increasing loads and do not break up to large strains, exhibiting high energy absorption and high toughness.

  A value measured by the following method is used as the “volume mixing ratio” of the fiber. The cured cemented body was cut in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which it was removed from the mold, and the cut surface was observed with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 25 kV. The fiber mixing ratio Vf in the hardened cement body was obtained as a value obtained by dividing the total cross-sectional area of the fibers on the observation surface in the field of view of the microscope by the area of the field of view of the electron microscope. As the fiber mixing rate Vf, an average value of values measured for three different visual fields in the cut surface of the test piece was adopted. In addition, the drawing direction from the mold when forming the cement hardened body is the extrusion direction in an embodiment capable of extrusion molding described later.

  If the fiber length is shorter, the fiber diameter is larger, or the aspect ratio is smaller, the stress will be borne even if the fiber crosslinks when the crack is first generated in a state where bending stress is applied. Cannot be pulled out and quickly pulled out and destroyed before multiple cracks occur. On the other hand, when the fiber length is longer, the fiber diameter is smaller, or the aspect ratio is larger, the fiber itself breaks before the fiber is pulled out in a state where bending stress is applied. Multiple cracks do not occur.

  As described above, according to the inventor's experiment, the obtained cementitious extrusion was obtained when a fibrous material made of a polymer resin was used as the fibrous material contained in the cementitious material of the trunk edge 11. The molded body was able to generate a high anchor bolt retention effect as described above. In particular, according to the inventor's experiment, as the fibrous material contained in the cementitious material of the trunk edge 11, a polyethylene resin (PE), a polypropylene resin (PP), or a polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA). When a polymer resin material containing any of the above was used, the above-described high anchor bolt retention effect could be generated.

  Further, according to the experiments by the inventors, the fiber length of the polymer resin contained in the cementitious material of the trunk edge 11 is 3 to 100 mm, the fiber diameter is 5 to 200 μm, and the aspect ratio is 100 to 100 mm. When the volume mixing ratio in the molded product after curing was 1% to 10%, the above-described high anchor bolt retention effect and multiple cracking performance could be generated. This is because when the fiber material contained in the cement-based material is in the above range, the fiber cannot withstand the stress and comes off, the fiber itself breaks, the stress cannot be supported, It is possible to avoid problems such as obstructing the integration and preventing the reinforcement effect from being obtained, and it is considered that at least one of those problems occurred outside the above range.

The hydraulic cement composition usually contains a siliceous raw material, pulp, water-soluble cellulose and the like in addition to the hydraulic cement. As the siliceous raw material, silica powder, blast furnace slag, silica sand, fly ash, diatomaceous earth, silica fume, amorphous silica and the like can be used. Silica stone powder and silica sand are preferred because they contribute to improving the strength and dimensional stability of the building accessory . As these siliceous raw materials, those having a specific surface area (according to the method described in JIS R 5201) of 3,000 to 15000 cm ² / g are preferably used. The siliceous raw material is blended in an amount of 40 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic cement.

  The pulp is preferably natural pulp such as cotton pulp or wood pulp. If it is a natural pulp, it will not specifically limit, The reproduction | regeneration pulp from used paper can be used as well as a virgin pulp. In the case of wood pulp, either chemical pulp obtained by chemically removing lignin from wood tissue or mechanical pulp obtained by mechanically treating wood can be used. The pulp preferably has a fiber length of 0.05 to 10 mm. The pulp is blended at a ratio of 1.0 to 80 parts by weight, preferably 2.0 to 30 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic cement. When the amount is less than 1.0 part by weight, the reinforcing effect cannot be exhibited, and when the amount is more than 80 parts by weight, poor dispersion occurs.

  Examples of the water-soluble cellulose include alkyl celluloses such as methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as hydroxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkylalkyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Water-soluble cellulose mixes and kneads each component of a hydraulic composition to be described later, and imparts viscosity to the kneaded product when molding to improve moldability. The water-soluble cellulose is blended at a ratio of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 7 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic cement. If it is less than 0.1 part by weight, it is not plastic and cannot be molded. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 10 parts by weight, no further improvement in curing can be expected, which only increases the cost.

  In addition to the above components, mineral fibers, lightweight aggregates and the like may be added as necessary. Examples of mineral fibers include sepiolite, wollastonite, talc, attapuljanite, rock wool and the like. Mineral fiber is blended in an amount of 0 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 25 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of hydraulic cement. If the amount of mineral fibers is more than 40 parts by weight, the strength decreases, which is not preferable.

  Lightweight aggregates include natural lightweight aggregates such as volcanic rubble, artificial lightweight aggregates such as calcined fly ash balloons, ultralight aggregates such as pearlite perlite, obsidian perlite, vermiculite, and by-product lightweight aggregates such as expanded slag. Can be used. Pearlite pearlite, obsidian pearlite, and vermiculite are preferable.

  As additives other than the above, inorganic materials other than silica such as mica, alumina, calcium carbonate, water reducing agents, surfactants, thickeners, curing accelerators, and the like can be blended as necessary.

  The material of the trunk edge 11 of this embodiment is obtained by adding water to the mixture of the above components constituting the hydraulic cement composition and curing. In general, the amount of water added to the hydraulic cement composition is preferably 40 to 90 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic cement.

  In addition, the material of the trunk | drum 11 of this embodiment also has big influence on workability | operativity by the weight of the material of the trunk | drum 11 in the construction. Considering the strength and workability of the material of the body edge 11, a material having a specific gravity of about 0.9 to 2.0, preferably about 1.0 to 1.5, more preferably 1.1 to 1. 4 things.

  From the above experimental results, the trunk edge 11 of this embodiment is a long member having a length dimension of 1820 mm, a width dimension of 50 mm, and a thickness dimension of 30 mm. Fiber-reinforced hydraulic composition is 100 parts by weight of Portland cement, 60 parts by weight of quartzite powder, 50 parts by weight of pearlite, 5 parts by weight of pulp, 8.0 parts by weight of PVA fiber (aspect ratio: 150, fiber length 6 mm), water-soluble A desired amount of water in the above-described preferred range (40 to 90 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of hydraulic cement) is added to 6.0 parts by weight of cellulose. The molded body obtained by extrusion molding these materials has a specific gravity of about 1.2, has the property of causing multiple cracks and breaks, and is an extruded molded body with high anchor bolt retention. . In addition, a width dimension is about 25-80 mm normally, and a thickness dimension is about 15-50 mm.

  In addition, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress deterioration of heat insulation, workability and workability like metal while ensuring nonflammability by molding with a cementitious material which is nonflammable. When the anchor bolt is used to support the inner wall of the tunnel, it is possible to provide a trunk edge of the cement-based molded body that is less likely to crack or crack.

  Further, in the present embodiment, it is possible to extrude into a different shape by an ordinary extruder for cementitious composition, and therefore, a cylinder having a plurality of groove-like recessed hole portions 75 penetrating between both ends in the width direction. The edge 11 can be manufactured quickly and easily. In the case of an extruder, for example, extrusion can be performed by passing a mold from a single-screw or twin-screw extruder. At that time, it is more preferable to use a vacuum type extrusion molding machine in order to minimize the bubbles contained in the extrusion molding.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, when using the trunk edge 11 which is a wall surface fixing member on a curved wall surface, for example, as a horizontal trunk edge, the inter-groove portion 74 which is a convex portion of the uneven portion is in surface contact with the wall surface. However, since the concave hole portion 75 which is a concave portion forms a space connecting the both side walls 80-80 of the trunk edge 11 and water leakage can pass therethrough, the water leakage from the wall surface is transmitted through the surface of the side surface of the trunk edge 11 and the surface material. It is possible to prevent outflow from the connecting portion between the surfaces to the surface of the cover material.

Second Embodiment
In the first embodiment described above, a plurality of elongated groove-like recessed hole portions 75 penetrating from one end to the other end of the width dimension L2 of the trunk edge 11 are provided on the wall contact side surface 72 of the trunk edge 11 when the uneven layer 78 is attached. Although the case where it provided was demonstrated, in 2nd Embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the to-be-attached wall contact side surface 72 is equipped with several to-be-attached wall surfaces (piercing from the one end of the width dimension L2 of the trunk edge 11 to the other end ( A case will be described in which a plurality of elongate wavy portions 84 and 85 provided on the mounting wall contact side surface 72 facing the inner wall surface 2) are provided. In the following description, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and redundant description is omitted. Further, the use of the mold and the flow stop groove formed on the side wall 80 of the trunk edge 11 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.

  In the trunk edge 11 of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, during extrusion molding, the mounting wall contact side surface 72, which is a tensile stress surface when the curved surface is fixed, corresponds to a plurality of wavy portions 84 and 85. By using a press roller having wavy irregularities to provide regularity, a kind of buffer portion is formed for the tensile stress when the curved surface is fixed, as in the first embodiment. Cracks and cracks can be greatly reduced. In addition, by exhibiting multiple crack performance, it becomes easy to fix to the wall surface which has a curvature, bending along the curved surface on-site.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, when the trunk edge 11 which is a wall surface fixing member is used for a curved wall surface, for example, as a horizontal trunk edge, the apex portion of the corrugated portion 84 which is a convex portion of the uneven portion is Although it is in line contact, the corrugated portion 85, which is a recess, forms a space connecting the both side walls 80-80 of the trunk edge 11 so that water leakage can pass therethrough, so that water leakage from the wall surface is transmitted through the surface of the side surface of the trunk edge 11. It can prevent flowing out to the surface of the cover material from the connecting part between the materials.

<Third Embodiment>
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, a case where a plurality of elongated groove-like concave hole portions 75 or a plurality of wavy portions 84 and 85 are formed on the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment is described. However, in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a case will be described in which uneven portions that penetrate from the one end to the other end of the width dimension L2 of the trunk edge 11 are randomly formed on the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment. . In the following description, the same components as those in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and redundant description is omitted. Further, the use of the mold and the flow stop groove formed on the side wall 80 of the trunk edge 11 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.

  In the trunk edge 11 of the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of random wave shapes are randomly selected so that the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment, which is a tensile stress surface at the time of curved surface fixation, does not have regularity. By providing the portions 94 and 95, a kind of buffer portion is formed for the tensile stress when the curved surface is fixed, as in the first and second embodiments, and cracks and cracks due to the tensile stress are greatly reduced. can do.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, when the trunk edge 11 which is a wall surface fixing member is used as a curved wall surface, for example, as a horizontal trunk edge, the apex portion of the random wavy portion 94 which is a convex portion of the uneven portion is However, since the random wave-like portion 95, which is a concave portion, forms a space connecting the both side walls 80-80 of the trunk edge 11 and allows water leakage to pass therethrough, water leaks from the wall surface along the side surface of the trunk edge 11. Can be prevented from flowing out to the surface of the cover material from the connection part between the cover materials.

<Fourth embodiment>
In the first to third embodiments described above, the description has been given of the case where the uneven portion penetrating from one end to the other end of the width dimension L2 of the trunk edge 11 has regularity or is randomly formed. In the fourth embodiment, A case will be described in which a plurality of single protrusions are aligned or randomly formed on the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment as shown in FIG. In addition, in the following description, about the same structure as 1st Embodiment-3rd Embodiment, the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted by providing the same code | symbol in a figure. Further, the use of the mold and the flow stop groove formed on the side wall 80 of the trunk edge 11 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.

  In the trunk edge 11 of the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7, the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment, which is a tensile stress surface at the time of curved surface fixation, has regularity or a plurality of single protrusions 104 at random. By projecting from the flat surface 105, a kind of buffer portion against the tensile stress at the time of curved surface fixation is formed as in the first to third embodiments, and cracks and cracks due to the tensile stress are greatly relieved. be able to.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, when using the trunk edge 11 which is a wall surface fixing member on a curved wall surface, for example, as a horizontal trunk edge, the apex portion of the projecting portion 104 which is a convex portion of the concavo-convex portion is on the wall surface. Although the point contact is made, the flat surface 105 which is a concave portion forms a space connecting the both side walls 80-80 of the trunk edge 11 so that water leakage can pass therethrough, so that water leakage from the wall surface is transmitted through the surface of the side surface of the trunk edge 11. It is possible to prevent outflow from the connecting portion between the surfaces to the surface of the cover material.

<Fifth Embodiment>
In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the description has been given of the case where the uneven portion protruding with respect to the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment of the trunk edge 11 has regularity or is formed randomly, but in the fifth embodiment, As shown in FIG. 8, a case where a plurality of single concave holes recessed with respect to the wall contact side surface 72 at the time of attachment are aligned or randomly formed will be described. In addition, in the following description, about the same structure as 1st Embodiment-4th Embodiment, the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted by providing the same code | symbol in a figure. Further, the use of the mold and the flow stop groove formed on the side wall 80 of the trunk edge 11 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus redundant description is omitted.

  In the trunk edge 11 of the fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8, the mounting wall contact side surface 72 which is a tensile stress surface at the time of curved surface fixation has regularity or a plurality of single concave holes 114 at random. Is recessed from the flat surface 115 to form a kind of buffer portion against the tensile stress when the curved surface is fixed, as in the first to fourth embodiments, and greatly reduces cracks and cracks due to the tensile stress. can do.

<Sixth Embodiment>
In the trunk edge 11 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9, a large number of square pyramid irregularities (concave portions 125 and convex portions 124) having regularity are formed on the side wall contact surface at the time of attachment. In other words, FIG. 9 shows a case where the concave and convex portions 125 and the convex portions 124 of the concave and convex portions are regular quadrangular pyramids. In addition to the quadrangular pyramid, the shape of the concavo-convex portion of the present embodiment may be a quadrangular pyramid, a pyramid other than a quadrangular pyramid, its pyramid, or a cone or a truncated cone, and these two or more shapes are combined. However, a quadrangular pyramid or a quadrangular pyramid is preferable, and a regular quadrangular pyramid or a regular quadrangular pyramid is more preferable.

  The wall surface fixing member of the present embodiment can be used not only as a vertical trunk edge but also as a horizontal trunk edge, and even when the wall surface is leaked, the water leakage is displayed through the wall surface fixing member. There is no problem of flowing out from the connecting portion between the materials to the surface of the cover material. Moreover, even if the wall surface has a curvature in the horizontal direction, it can be attached following the curvature of the wall surface at the construction site. In addition, in 6th Embodiment, although an uneven | corrugated | grooved part is an aspect which has regularity, it may be irregular. Further, as in the other embodiments, a stop groove can be formed in the side wall 80.

  The wall surface fixing member of this embodiment can also be manufactured by extrusion molding as in the other embodiments. In extrusion molding, the wall contact side surface at the time of attachment is formed in a flat shape, and then a mold having a predetermined shape corresponding to the uneven shape is placed on the side surface of the wall surface at the time of attachment and pressed. After the pressurization is finished, the wall surface fixing member of the present embodiment can be manufactured by removing the mold and curing and curing. In addition, a metal mold | die can also be shape | molded continuously using not only planar shape but a roller-shaped thing.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, when using the trunk edge 11 which is a wall surface fixing member for a curved wall surface, for example, as a horizontal trunk edge, the apex portion of the convex part 124 which is a convex part of the uneven part is Although the point contact is made, the concave portion 125 which is a concave portion forms a space connecting the both side walls 80-80 of the trunk edge 11 so that water leakage can pass therethrough, so that the water leakage from the wall surface is transmitted through the surface of the side surface of the trunk edge 11 It is possible to prevent outflow from the connecting portion between the surfaces to the surface of the cover material.

In each of the above embodiments, the case has been described in which the trunk edge is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel as a wall surface fixing member with an anchor bolt, and the outer cover material is fixed to the trunk edge with the anchor bolt. member is not limited thereto, for example, a over Ji Calvert inner wall, the arch portion wall of the arch bridge, stadium outer wall, exhaust mouth cylindrical outer wall of such a cylindrical / elliptical cylindrical chimney in the outer wall of the substantially cylindrical, cylindrical It can also be used when fixing a cover material to a wall surface having a two-dimensional curved surface such as an inner and outer wall of a tank. Furthermore, the present invention can also be used in the case of fixing a wall surface covering material having a three-dimensional curved surface, such as a spherical tank or an egg-shaped / saddle-shaped building.

1 tunnel,
2 The inner wall of the tunnel,
11 trunk edge (wall surface fixing member),
31 Surface covering material (wall surface fixing member),
51 anchor bolt,
52 bolt head (of anchor bolt),
72 Side wall contact surface during installation,
73 Open side when installed,
74 Inter-groove part,
75 (grooved) recessed hole,
76 bolt head receiving groove,
77 Height adjustment part,
78 Concavity and convexity layer,
79 Mounting through hole,
80 side walls,
81 Stop groove,
84, 85 (several elongated) corrugations,
94, 95 Random wavy part,
104 (single) protrusion,
105, 115 plane,
114 (single shot) recessed hole,
124 convex part,
125 recesses,
L1 (torso) thickness dimension,
L2 width dimension (torso edge),
L3 thickness dimension (in the solid part of the trunk edge),
L4 width dimension (of the rugged portion of the torso)
L5 width dimension of bolt head receiving groove,
L6 width dimension (height adjustment part),
L7 Depth dimension (of height adjustment section).

Claims (7)

In order to mount the cover material on the wall surface having the curvature of the building or the structure by the lifting method, the wall material fixing member is a non-combustible ceramic material installed between the wall surface and the cover material,
An uneven portion is formed on the side wall contact surface at the time of mounting opposite to the mounted wall surface of the building or structure so that a concave portion orthogonal to at least the longitudinal direction of the wall surface fixing member is formed. A fixing claw that protrudes from the mounting through hole in the fixing bracket around the fixing bracket when the wall fixing member is fixed to the mounted wall surface using the mounting through hole on the open side surface that is the side A wall surface fixing member, wherein a fixed portion burying portion capable of embedding a fixed head portion is formed in a groove shape over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the wall surface fixing member. The wall surface fixing member according to claim 1, wherein the uneven portion includes a plurality of protruding portions protruding from the wall contact side surface during the attachment. The wall surface fixing member according to claim 1, wherein the concavo-convex portion includes a plurality of concave portions that are recessed from the wall contact side surface during the attachment. The wall surface fixing member according to claim 1, wherein the concavo-convex portion is formed of a plurality of corrugated portions formed on a surface facing the wall surface to be attached and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. It is a manufacturing method of the wall surface fixing member of Claims 1 thru | or 4 , It forms from the ceramic material obtained by extruding the hydraulic cement composition containing the fibrous material, and the said extrusion molding. A method for manufacturing a wall surface fixing member. The fibrous material may be a polyethylene fiber (PE), a polypropylene fiber (PP), or a polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) having a fiber length of 3 mm to 100 mm, a fiber diameter of 5 μm to 200 μm, and an aspect ratio of 100 to 1000. The volume mixing rate in the wall surface fixing member is 1% to 10%. The method for manufacturing the wall surface fixing member according to claim 5 . The wall fixing member according to claim 1 to 4, a mounting method for mounting on a wall surface having a curvature of the building or structure,
An attachment method comprising fixing a wall contact side surface at the time of attachment, on which the uneven portion of the wall surface fixing member is formed, toward the wall surface side having the curvature and being bent in accordance with the curvature.

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