ITVI20110195A1 - INHERENT MIXTURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL CONGLOMERATE AND ARTIFICIAL CONGLOMERATE PREPARED BY SUCH MIXTURE - Google Patents

Description

MIXTURE OF INERT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A

ARTIFICIAL CONGLOMERATE AND ARTIFICIAL CONGLOMERATE

PREPARED BY THIS MIX

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The present invention is part of the field of building materials and, in particular, relates to a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate prepared using this mixture.

Even more in detail, the present invention refers to a mixture of aggregates and a relative artificial conglomerate for the construction of prefabricated load-bearing structures, such as, for example, by way of indication and not totally exhaustive, beams or pillars, or for the production of sheets or panels for radiant or insulating systems.

The prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs currently on the market generally include a vibrated and reinforced concrete conglomerate sole, of variable thickness, a reinforcement, embedded and diffused in the sole, consisting of an electro-welded mesh or single reinforcements arranged in the shape of a net.

The prefabricated sheets of the known type also include a variable number of electrowelded steel lattices, additional steel bars and any lightening elements in expanded polystyrene.

Alternatively, the prefabricated slabs have a double plate between which the conglomerate is cast, obtaining the same mechanical characteristics of the concrete cast on site, and therefore constituting load-bearing structural elements of civil or industrial buildings.

The very nature of the cement conglomerate gives it mechanical properties of very high compressive strength, but low resistance to bending and traction.

In the construction of load-bearing structures, this involves the necessary association of a reinforcement, usually metallic, capable of bonding perfectly with the concrete, having the same thermal expansion factor.

In this way, the reinforcement, made of a material with the necessary elasticity and resistance to tensile and bending stresses, gives the concrete these mechanical properties.

However, this solution involves the drawback of using rather expensive materials, such as steel. For these reasons, the operations of dimensioning and checking the reinforcement in a structure are rather complex, aimed at reducing the quantity of this material to a minimum, but at the same time guaranteeing the stability of the building. In particular, in constructions subject to seismic stresses, it is necessary to considerably increase the elasticity of the structure, especially at its nodes, and consequently the quantity of reinforcement, consequently increasing the cost of the structure, its weight and its vulnerability to corrosion.

Another drawback of the cement conglomerate today widely used for the aforementioned applications is its permeability to water, which often causes infiltrations inside the structures: this aspect can be harmful to the structures themselves, as the expansion due to the € ™ lowering of the temperature causes cracks in the conglomerate, weakening its resistance to stress.

A solution to this drawback can be given by the use of epoxy resins, currently also used in the recovery and / or building restoration of existing structures, in particular to block the capillary rise of water from the ground. However, these resins have the drawback of making the entire building more rigid, therefore their use is to be limited to localized injections to avoid losing the overall elasticity of the building.

A further drawback of the cement conglomerate derives from the fact that it is subject to the phenomenon of carbonation which creates favorable conditions for the initiation of corrosion of the reinforcement.

Furthermore, the known cement conglomerate has the drawback of possessing a poor ability to conduct heat, with the consequence that it is certainly suitable for use as an insulator but unsuitable for the use of prefabricated radiant panels.

It is therefore clear the need for a mixture of aggregates and a relative artificial conglomerate which gives the structure made a greater resistance to traction and bending than the known technique, also using a less expensive material than those currently used.

The present invention intends to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the known art.

In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate thus prepared that they are resistant to compression, traction and bending, even in the absence of a metal reinforcement.

Another object of the present invention is to create a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate thus prepared that they are impermeable, but, at the same time, sufficiently elastic to guarantee the stability of a structure obtained with their use.

Another object of the present invention is to indicate a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate so prepared that, unlike conglomerates of equivalent application, they are not subject to the phenomenon of carbonation.

A further purpose of the present invention is to devise a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate thus prepared, which are able to absorb the stresses due to seismic vibrations, guaranteeing the stability of a structure built by means of their use.

Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to produce a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate so prepared that they are able to transmit heat, to be used in the production of radiant panels, with thermal fluid. vector and electric resistance, for interiors and exteriors as they are impermeable to water and anti-freeze.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate thus prepared that require the use of inexpensive and easily available materials on the market.

Not least object of the present invention is to develop a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and an artificial conglomerate thus prepared that they are economically advantageous and easy to produce.

These and other purposes are achieved by a mixture of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate as in the attached claim 1, to which reference is made for the sake of brevity.

Further detailed technical characteristics of the blend of aggregates of the invention are reported in the related dependent claims.

An integral part of the present invention is also an artificial conglomerate prepared by means of the aforementioned blend of aggregates according to claim 12, to which reference is still made for simplicity of explanation.

Other technical characteristics of the artificial conglomerate of the invention are contained in the corresponding dependent claims.

Advantageously, the mixture of aggregates of the present invention, which is simple to make and can also be applied to prefabricated panels already in production, allows for the production of radiant panels for outdoor use, which can be used for covering roofs and useful for melting winter snow and for the accumulation of heat and the consequent heating of sanitary water in the hottest months.

Equally advantageously, the present invention allows to realize prefabricated panels which maintain the compressive strength typical of concrete and, in addition, have a high cohesion and elasticity, therefore they are walkable and drive-over modules just after their application, but at the same time they are completely free of porosity, therefore waterproof and suitable for housing heating / cooling systems, even if positioned outdoors. The characteristics of mechanical seal and elastic modulus allow the creation of modules suitable for the requalification of the pavement both mechanically and climatically.

Another advantage of the present invention is given by the possibility of making structures with a resistance to flames up to a duration of 180 hours. Furthermore, the versatility of the materials used makes it possible to create panels of different shapes and sizes, capable of perfectly imitating the shape and color of natural materials, drastically reducing the environmental impact despite any high technology used.

The aforementioned purposes and advantages, as well as others that will emerge in the following, will become more evident from the following description, relating to some exemplary and preferred, but not limiting, embodiments of the mix of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and of the artificial conglomerate prepared by means of this mixture of aggregates, with the help of the attached figures, in which:

- figure 1 shows a first application of the artificial conglomerate of the invention;

- figure 2 shows a second application of the artificial conglomerate of the invention.

In detail, the mix of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate, according to the present invention, comprises a variable quantity between 10 and 1200 kg / m <3> of a rubbery aggregate or rubber base.

This rubbery aggregate is obtained from a known treatment of tires, used on vehicles, exhausted or in disuse, which allows them to be completely odorless and devoid of the fibers typically contained in them.

The resulting rubber is then shredded in order to obtain a variable granulometry between 0 and 8 mm in diameter.

In particular, a variable quantity between 0 and 4700 kg / m <3> of mineral sands is added to this gummy aggregate thus obtained.

Preferably but not necessarily, a variable quantity between 0 and 2500 kg / m <3> of these sands of a mineral nature consists of silica or quartz or carbonate sands.

More precisely, of this last quantity, a variable portion between 0 and 1500 kg / m <3> has a variable granulometry between 0 and 30 mm in diameter, while a variable portion between 0 and 1000 kg / m <3> presents a variable grain size between 1 and 6 mm in diameter.

The fine granulometry of the rubber resulting from the treatment of disused tires allows it to mix completely with the other aggregates, and to create a mixture for the preparation of an elastic conglomerate, but at the same time uniformly resistant to compression.

In a preferred embodiment of the blend of aggregates according to the present invention, a variable quantity from 0 to 1,000 kg / m <3> of aggregates suitable for transmitting heat, for example of a metallic nature, is added to the mixture described above. such as corundum, copper, zinc, aluminum or other metal sand, the use of which is permitted by current regulations, in particular with a variable grain size between 0 and 6 mm in diameter.

This embodiment thus has the advantage of combining the elasticity of a rubber and the compressive strength of the aggregates with the conductivity of said sands.

In a further preferred embodiment, a variable quantity between 0 and 600 kg / m <3> of water-repellent expanded clay is added to one of the two compounds described above, in a granulometry varying from 0 to 6 mm in diameter.

Furthermore, a variable quantity between 0 and 600 kg / m <3> of pumice stone, in a variable grain size from 0 to 20 mm in diameter, and / or a variable quantity between 0 and 100 can be added to the previous preferred embodiments. kg / m <3> of glass spheres, depending on the aesthetic / mechanical effect to be obtained.

In a first embodiment of the artificial conglomerate according to the invention, an embodiment of the blend of aggregates according to the invention is envisaged, to which a variable quantity from 0 to 500 kg / m <3> of a natural binder.

In particular, this binder can be constituted by a hydraulic binder, for example white or gray cement, in a maximum variable quantity of 400 kg / m <3>, or by an air binder, for example anhydrite.

In a second embodiment of the artificial conglomerate according to the invention, a form of mixture of aggregates described above is provided, to which a variable quantity from 0 to 400 l / m <3> of a synthetic binder is added.

More precisely, this synthetic binder can be water catalyzed, in a maximum quantity of 250 l / m <3>, or it can be solvent catalyzed, however in line with the regulatory changes in the building polymers sector. In both cases, it can be an epoxy, polyurethane, vinyl and / or acrylic resin or others.

In a third preferred embodiment of the artificial conglomerate according to the present invention, the mixture of a natural binder with a synthetic binder, such as for example white cement and an epoxy resin, is provided.

In further preferred embodiments, the artificial conglomerate according to the invention has a metal reinforcement.

For example, the armor can be constituted by a network of fibrillated fibers, with the modulus of the network with a variable side from 5 to 50 mm in a variable quantity from 0.1 to 1 kg / m <3>, a ™ armor.

Preferably but not exclusively, the fibers can be made of polypropylene, with one side of the reticular module varying from 5 to 40 mm in length.

Alternatively, the fibers can be glass, with one side of the modulus varying from 5 to 40 mm.

Furthermore, the reinforcement can be made up of metal fibers, or steel rods, whose sizing is to be calculated on the basis of the expected loads, in compliance with the regulations in force.

Table 1 shows the dosages of the components of three preferred, albeit not limiting, embodiments of the artificial conglomerate according to the invention.

COMPONENTS Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 INERT AGGREGATES

aggregate rubber 1000 kg diameter 0-2.8 mm 1000 kg diameter 0 - 4mm 700 kg diameter 0 - 3 mm sand (0-30 mm) 700 kg 500 kg 100 kg diameter 0 - 1 mm metal sand 300 kg 600 kg

sands (1-6 mm) 100 kg diameter 2mm

expanded clay 100 kg diameter 2 mm BINDERS

white cement 200 kg 50 kg

epoxy resin

water catalyzed 80 lt 50 lt 70 lt

epoxy resin

water catalyzed 2,180 kg / m3 2,350 kg / m3 1020 kg / m3

Table 1

Example 1

As can be seen from the aforementioned table 1, the following doses are provided:

â € ¢ 80 L / m <3> of water-catalyzed epoxy resin; â € ¢ 1000 kg / m <3> of rubber aggregate in a variable grain size from 0 to 2.8 mm in diameter; â € ¢ 700 kg / m <3> of silica or quartz or carbonate sand in a variable grain size from 0 to 30 mm in diameter;

â € ¢ 300 kg / m <3> of metal sand;

â € ¢ 100 kg / m <3> of silica or quartz or carbonate sand in a variable grain size from 1 to 6 mm in diameter.

This artificial conglomerate can be used advantageously for the execution of a conductive coating of a radiant system (figure 1) of the type described in the international patent application WO2010086886, applicable in a new building construction or, alternatively, in a climatic requalification of an existing building, be it residential, public, commercial, or industrial.

In particular, the various applications of this product are possible in any intended use where it is necessary in reduced space and above all the lowest possible invasiveness, to obtain air conditioning and / or defrosting of the surface, as well as redevelopment from a mechanical point of view. of the surface, whose maintenance over time becomes even less expensive and invasive.

One of the low-temperature climatic redevelopments that has so far been impossible is that of companies in production (industry, commercial, hotel, hospital, school, etc.): the difficulty of operating with a reduced thickness panel and having a surface capable of to withstand any condition of use instantly (without the long setting times of the materials used), it is easily overcome thanks to the mechanical characteristics of the conglomerate according to the invention which becomes the only solution, with dry assembly , capable of being used in any environment, even the most aggressive (mountain and marine) with high environmental humidity (wine cellars, environments below and against the ground, etc.).

The characteristics of the conglomerate according to the invention make it a notable diffuser, but also a notable solar energy collector, therefore it is possible to create a prefabricated module capable of operating also in this area.

Example 2

A second example of realization of the conglomerate according to the invention provides for the following doses:

â € ¢ 200 kg / m <3> of white cement;

â € ¢ 50 L / m <3> of water catalyzed epoxy resin; â € ¢ 1000 kg / m <3> of rubber aggregate, in a variable grain size from 0 to 4 mm in diameter; â € ¢ 500 kg / m <3> of silica or quartz sand or carbonate or similar, in a variable grain size from 0 to 30 mm in diameter;

â € ¢ 600 kg / m <3> of metal sand.

The artificial conglomerate thus obtained finds application in the preparation of prefabricated load-bearing structures in the building sector, such as pillars, beams or plinths (figure 2).

The elasticity of the rubber advantageously allows to absorb movements without incurring destructive tractions (thermal movements, settling of the support surface, earthquakes) and seismic vibrations, supporting the movements due to stresses, and allows to completely eliminate the Need for an extremely expensive metal armor. Using an adequate mix of aggregates, it will be possible to create joints and pre-tensioned structures to absorb mechanical-dimensional variations by exploiting the elasticity and elastic memory of the conglomerate itself.

In detail, the material obtained has high cohesion and elasticity, and its yield strength and failure are not approximate to the behavior of concrete, but to that of iron. The applications in the world of prefabricated buildings are innumerable and could produce beneficial effects on the weight and deformability of the structure; the applications for acoustics and to modify the stiffness of the structural joints, the absence of porosity which allows the reinforcement rods to last longer, allow their use in very aggressive environments, where salts and ice are destructive for porous concretes.

Example 3

A third example of embodiment of the conglomerate according to the invention provides for the following doses:

â € ¢ 50 kg / m <3> of white cement;

â € ¢ 70 l / m <3> of water-catalyzed epoxy resin; â € ¢ 700 kg / m <3> of rubber aggregate, in a variable grain size from 0 to 3 mm in diameter; â € ¢ 100 kg / m <3> of silica or quartz sand or carbonate or similar, in a granulometry ranging from 0 to 30 mm in diameter;

â € ¢ 100 kg / m <3> of expanded clay, in a grain size of 2 mm in diameter.

In this case, the conglomerate obtained can be used in the preparation of an insulating base, both from the acoustic and thermal point of view, for example applicable in the laying of pipes of heating systems or in climatic requalification of existing buildings. .

From the above description, the technical characteristics of the mix of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and of the artificial conglomerate thus prepared are evident, both subject of the present invention, as well as the advantages.

Finally, it is clear that numerous other variations can be made to the mix of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate and to the artificial conglomerate thus prepared in question without departing from the novelty principles inherent in the inventive idea, so As it is clear that, in the practical implementation of the invention, the materials, the quantities and the granulometry of the dosages illustrated can be any according to the requirements and the same can be replaced with other technically equivalent ones.

Claims (21)

CLAIMS 1. Compound of aggregates for the preparation of an artificial conglomerate comprising a quantity <3> varying between 0 and 2,500 kg / m of at least one of the following sands: silica, quartz, carbonate or the like, and characterized by the fact that it comprises a quantity of gummy aggregate varying between 10 and 1,200 kg / m <3>. 2. Compound of aggregates according to claim 1, characterized in that said rubbery aggregate is obtained from the shredding and treatment of tires. 3. Compound of aggregates according to claim 2, characterized in that said rubbery aggregate has a granulometry variable between 0 and 8 mm in diameter. 4. Compound of aggregates according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a variable quantity between 0 and 1,500 kg / m <3> of said sands has a variable granulometry between 0 and 30 mm in diameter. 5. Compound of aggregates according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that a variable quantity between 0 and 1,000 kg / m <3> of said sands has a variable granulometry between 1 and 6 mm in diameter. 6. Compound of aggregates according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it comprises a quantity varying from 0 to 1,000 kg / m <3> of aggregates of a metallic nature having a granulometry varying between 0 and 6 mm in diameter. 7. Compound of aggregates according to claim 6, characterized in that said aggregates of a metallic nature comprise any one of the aggregates selected from the group consisting of corundum aggregate, copper aggregate, zinc aggregate, aluminum aggregate or the like. 8. Compound of aggregates according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that it comprises, in an amount ranging from 0 to 600 kg / m <3>, expanded clay aggregates having a granulometry ranging from 0 to 6 mm in diameter and water repellent. 9. Compound of aggregates according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it comprises, in an amount ranging from 0 to 600 kg / m <3>, aggregates of pumice stone having a granulometry ranging from 0 to 20 mm in diameter . 10. Compound of aggregates according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises glass spheres in a variable quantity between 0 and 100 kg / m <3>. 11. Artificial conglomerate comprising a blend of aggregates according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that it includes, in an amount ranging from 0 to 500 kg / m <3>, the use of a natural binder, suitable for hardening said mixture of aggregates. 12. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 11, characterized in that said natural binder is any one of the binders selected from the group consisting of hydraulic binder, in a maximum quantity of 400 kg / m <3>, an air binder or similar. 13. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 12 characterized in that said air binder is anhydrite. 14. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 12 characterized in that said hydraulic binder is white or gray cement. Artificial conglomerate according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that it further provides a synthetic binder in an amount ranging from 0 to 400 l / m <3>. 16. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 15, characterized in that said synthetic binder is catalysed both with solvent and with water, has a maximum quantity of 250 l / m <3>, and comprises at least one of the following: epoxy resin, resin polyurethane, vinyl resin, acrylic resin or the like. 17. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 14, characterized in that said synthetic binder is solvent catalyzed. 18. Artificial conglomerate according to any one of claims 11-17, characterized in that it provides, in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 1 kg / m <3>, a reinforcement consisting of a reticulate of fibrillated fibers, called reticulated presenting a module with a variable side from 5 to 50 mm. 19. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 18, characterized in that said fibers are made of polypropylene and said side has a length ranging from 5 to 40 mm. 20. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 18, characterized in that said fibers are made of glass and said module has a side length ranging from 5 to 40 mm. 21. Artificial conglomerate according to claim 18, characterized in that said fibers are made of metal.